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2017年度東京大学より

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1 英文を速く読めるようになりたいという願望 を抱いている人はたくさんいると思いますが、そ の大前提は、返り読みせずに左から右に読み流せ ることです。また、それはリスニングの力にも影 響しますから非常に大切なことです。 そのためにもまず、最初はスローモーションで もよいですから、正しく左から右へ読める力を育 み、その英文を復習することを通して少しずつナ チュラルスピードまでアップする、という反復学 習が必要になってきます。英語の学習はピアノな どの楽器の演奏技術の習得プロセスと似ている と言われます。1曲を完璧に弾けるようになった ら次の練習曲へ進み、そしてそれが完璧に弾ける ようになってからさらにその次へ…そしてある 程度の数の楽曲が完璧に(正しい指使いとテンポ やスピードで弾けるように)なったときに、新し い楽譜を見てもさっと曲を演奏できるようにな る、あのプロセスと似ているからです。 正しいフォームを反復練習を通して体にしみ こませ、少しずつ上を目指すところなどは、スポ ーツにたとえられることもあります。 本稿では、「英文を前から読む」ということはど ういうことかについてお話をしたいと思います。 以下は、最新の2017年度の東京大学の英語の 入試問題です。できる限り返り読みせず、答案を 作成してみてください。可能であれば、その際に (前から読む際に)、どの単語を見たときに何を考 えたかもメモしておくようにしてください。 【問題】 次の英文を読み,下線部(ア),(イ),(ウ)を和訳せ よ。ただし,下線部(ア)の it と,下線部(イ)の this がそれぞれ何を意味するかを明らかにすること。

How can the capacity for solitude be cultivated? With attention and respectful conversation.

Children develop the capacity for solitude in the presence of an attentive other. Imagine a mother giving her two-year-old daughter a bath, allowing the girl to daydream with her bath toys as she makes up stories and learns to be alone with her thoughts, all the while knowing her mother is present and available to her. Gradually, the bath, taken alone, becomes a time when the child is comfortable with her imagination. Attachment enables solitude. One philosopher has a beautiful formulation: “Language … has created the word ‘loneliness’ to express the pain of being alone. And it has created the word ‘solitude’ to express the glory of being alone.” (ア) Loneliness is emotionally and even physically painful, born from a lack of warmth in early childhood, when we need it most. Solitude the capacity to be contentedly and constructively alone is built from successful human connection at just that time. But if we don’t have experience with solitude and this is often the case today we start to equate loneliness and solitude. This reflects the poverty of our experience. If we don’t know the satisfaction of solitude, we only know the panic of loneliness.

Recently, while I was working on my computer during a train ride from Boston to New York, we passed through a magnificent snowy landscape. (イ) I wouldn’t have known this but for the fact that I happened to look outside on my way to get a coffee. Then I noticed that every other adult on the train was staring at a computer. (ウ) We deny ourselves the benefits of solitude because we see the time it requires as a resource to use more profitably. These days, instead of using time alone to think

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2 ( or not think ), we hurry to fill it with some digital connection.

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