JAIST Repository: 東アジアの酸性・酸化性物質の動態解明へのクラスタリング手法の適用
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(2) U sing C lustering T echniques to Investigate A cidic and O xidative C om ponents in E ast A sia H isashiO sanai. SchoolofK now ledge Science Japan A dvanced Institute ofScience and Technology M arch 2000. K eyw ords:C lustering,K D D ,regim e,N IE S,The E astA sian.. The E astA sian area is one ofthe largest regions for the anthropogenic em ission of N O x and SO 2 [R odhe 89]. In fact, because of population grow th and the rapid developm ent ofindustrialactivity,it has been projected that this area w illbecom e the largest source ofN O x and SO 2 in the w orld in the 21st century [G allow ay 89].It is im portant to analyze the present status of air pollution over the E ast A sian region, to evaluate the am ount of the anthropogenic em ission, to accurately predict the future situation by the use of com puter m odels, and to apply these results to w ork out counterm easures. The book "Studies on the behavior ofA cidic and O xidative C om ponents in E ast A sia" w hich investigated the pollution state of the present atm osphere is offered by N ationalInstitute for E nvironm entalStudies (N IE S).. C opyright _ 2000 by H isashiO sanai. 1.
(3) A ccum ulated huge data currently, exceeds hum an's inform ation processing capability. Therefore, there is a need of establishm ent of com puter m ethods to exploit effectively these data.R ecently,data m ining m ethods have been expected to be efficient m ethods to extract know ledge and unknow n inform ation from large databases. It is w ell know n that ozone of the troposphere background is an im portant com pound that influences atm ospheric oxidization phenom enon. A lso, ozone is a very im portant com ponent from the view point of the globalw arm ing as a greenhouse gas. The increase of tropospheric ozone in the N orthern H em isphere is reported recently in E urope and A m erica, and the study of this increase attracts m uch attention from researchers.A report for these phenom ena in E ast A sia region is indispensable.It is know n that only N O 2 becom es the outrider object of ozone in the troposphere,and there is an indication that the increase of the anthropogenic em ission of N O x also includes N O w hich has brought the increase in such ozone concentration. Thus, it is im portant to see the increase of ozone and N O x from various angles,to govern chem istry of the tropospheric atm osphere,and to know the three-dim ensional concentration distribution. It is an indispensable factor w hen considering the change of the tropospheric atm osphere. O n the one hand, SO 2 has played an im portant role as an outrider object of sulfuric acid of cause m aterialofacid-rain. It is said that a lot of SO 2 flow s in Japan from the part of E ast A sia area containing C hina and the R epublic ofK orea The purpose ofthis study is to find new know ledge about behavior of acidic and oxidative com ponent in E ast A sia using clustering techniques. E specially, w e w ant to detect regim es w hich have deep influences on clim ate m odel and prediction. This research consists ofthe follow ing tasks w hich are required in m ain-steps of K D D (preparation ofdata,m ining,analysis and understanding ofresults).. 2.
(4) First, as the preparation of data, w e do the rem oval of m issing values and transform ation ofthe different N IE S databases into one unified database w hich is convenient for processing. These tasks are done by using Perl and PostgreSQ L. Secondly,the data m ining process is done on the unified database by using PA M clustering m ethod and "natural" K discovery m ethod. The program s for these algorithm s w ere im plem ented by C language on U N IX w orkstation. Finally, the tree-dim ensional structure of clusters discovered by the above m ethods are expressed visually. E ventually,the follow ing analysis results w ere obtained: (1)The "natural" num ber ofclusters is four. (2) The pollution state of the cluster of the N orthern part of the C hugoku district is severer than the contam ination ofother clusters. (3) In the cluster of the Southern part of K yushu district,there is a significant correlation betw een tem perature and sulfur dioxide. The follow ing conclusions can be draw n from the above-m entioned analysis results: E ach cluster discovered in (1) has no characteristics of the regim e defined in this study,therefore it is nota regim e.H ow ever,these clusters provide us insights to obtain results (2)and (3). From the result (2), w e can see clearly the relation betw een a pollution state and the transportation distance ofan acid-rain contam inant. From the result (3), w e extracted a relationship betw een tem perature and sulfur dioxide, that is the key point of the global cooling system . It can be considered that this is a precious relation that supports the global cooling system observed from actualdata. W e hope that these results, especially (2) and (3), can be considered as a significant contribution to the field ofenvironm ent studies.. 3.
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