• 検索結果がありません。

What Makes the Gap between Advanced Level Class and Basic One? Analysis of English Dictation Tests

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

シェア "What Makes the Gap between Advanced Level Class and Basic One? Analysis of English Dictation Tests"

Copied!
16
0
0

読み込み中.... (全文を見る)

全文

(1)

!"#$%&#'()%$"(%*#+%,($-((.%/01#.2(0%3(1(4%54#))%#.0%

6#)72%8.(9%/.#4:)7)%;<%=.>47)"%?72$#$7;.%@()$)%

%

A/B/CDE&/%B;"F7%

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

(2)

!"#$%&'()*+&,(%!

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

! ! ! ! ! @3&*! $%&! 1-+$! +&3&*-1! 6&-*+7! "! %-3&! :&&#! /.3.#/! 56! +$)2&#$+! &4-5.#-$.(#+! .#! '1-++! )+.#/! -! A&:B:-+&2! 0#/1.+%! 2.'$-$.(#! 9*(/*-5! C!"#$%&!DE7! 8%.'%! "! %-3&! 2&3&1(9&2;! F%.+! (#1.#&! +6+$&5! &-+.16! &#-:1&+!

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

! ! ! ! ! J&+&-*'%! %-+! &4-5.#&2! 0#/1.+%! 2.'$-$.(#! $&+$+! .#! $%&! ?-9-#&+&! )#.3&*+.$6!0#/1.+%!-+!-!K(*&./#!L-#/)-/&!C0KLE!'(#$&4$;!K(*!.#+$-#'&7!@$-!

(3)

!"#$"%& '()*+',-*& -..(.& /)/012-2& (3& 4)50627& *6',/,6()& ,-2,2& 86,7& 9/:/)-2-& +)6;-.26,1&4<=&2,+*-),2&/)*&*62'+22-*&,7-&.-0/,6()276:&>-,8--)&,7-&.-2+0,2& (3& 4)50627& *6',/,6()& ,-2,2& /)*& ,7-& 2,+*-),2?& 5-)-./0& '(@@/)*& (3& 4)50627A& B(.61/@/&!"##C%&:(6),-*&(+,&,7/,&,7-&'(..-0/,6;-&.-0/,6()276:&>-,8--)&,7-& .-2+0,2& (3& 4)50627& *6',/,6()& ,-2,2& /)*& 4)50627& 062,-)6)5& 2D600& 7/*& )(,& >--)& '0/.636-*&2+336'6-),01&/)*&8/2&2,600&(:-)&,(&*->/,-A&

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

&

!"#$%&'()*#+(,-.-(/%#01)-)#2)"#03$45647#

# # # # # K-2,2& (3& 4)50627& /.-& 2+::(2-*& ,(& >-& 56;-)& 3(.& ,7-& :+.:(2-& (3&

@-/2+.6)5& /& D6)*& (3& (.& D6)*2& (3& 4)50627& 2D6002F& >+,& /2& 2+55-2,-*& >1& B(.61/@/&!"##C%F&6,&62&)(,&'0-/.&1-,&87/,&D6)*&(3&2D6002&'/)&>-&@-/2+.-*&>1& 4)50627&*6',/,6()&,-2,2A&L)&,7-&(,7-.&7/)*F&6,&62&.-'(5)6G-*&,7/,&*6',/,6()&,-2,2& /.-& Q86*-01& >-06-;-*& ,(& >-& -33-',6;-& 6)& 6@:.(;6)5& ,7-& 062,-)6)5& '(@:.-7-)26()&/>606,1R&!S(T6@/&U&L,/F&"#$"F&:A&"C%A&

& & & & & E)&,762&2-',6()F&,7-&.-2+0,2&(3&,7-&*6',/,6()&,-2,2&/)*&,7-&KL4EMIEN&,-2,F& 876'7& 2,+*-),2& ,((D& 6)& ,7-& 2/@-& 2-@-2,-.F& /.-& '(@:/.-*A& <(.& ,7-& 2/D-& (3& 26@:06'6,1F&6)&,7-&:.-2-),&:/:-.F&E&'/00&,7-&/*;/)'-*&'0/22F&M0/22IPF&/)*&,7-&

(4)

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

&

K"!'5&;,& &

!"#$%&'#(')*+,-.,/'0123451'

)'"##*@& E$#.53$30& Q5"=$30& K4."'& & 6& & & & 9JR,S& & & 9R<,;& SH;,S& !7& & & & & H<,;& & & & JR,T& ;<:,:& &

)'"##*+& E$#.53$30& Q5"=$30& K4."'& & 6& & & & 9;9,U& & & ;J;,T& <RT,<& !7& & & & & TS,S& & & & SH,<& & U9,H& &

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

& &

(5)

!"#$%&'(& &

!"#$%&'#(')*+,-&.'/-"010-#*'2%&0&'345678' & )$"**+,& )$"**+-& & & & & &

9& ./& .0&

:& 12('& '/(0&

!/& 3'('3& 0(04&

:1;& /5(3& 1'(3&

:-*& 36(.& & 4(/& &

& & & & & !7%&89::%$";<9=&#%;>%%=&;7%&*89:%*&9?&@<8;";<9=&;%*;*&"=@&!ABC)+CD&<*& *79>=&#%$9>&E!"#$%&.FG&

&

!"#$%&.(& &

<#$$%,10-#*7'=%0>%%*'/-"010-#*'2%&0&'1*?'2@)A<BAC'

)9::%$";<9=&& )$"**+,& & )$"**+-& & & ><;7&H<*;%=<=I& 2(0.3.'& & 2(1/3//& ><;7&J%"@<=I& 2(0/624& & 2('0'24& ><;7&!9;"$& & 2(52'65& & 2(.4'.6& &

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

(6)

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

(7)

! ! !"#$%&'("!#$%&'&$()!*+"!,-./01/2!3,(&'4!5%(678! ! ! !"#$%&')"!#$%&'&$()!*+"!,-./01/2!39$+&7)$):8! !

(8)

! !"#$%&'("!#$%&'&$()!*+"!,-./01/2!345'6$)78! !

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

(9)

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

(10)

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

(11)

!"#$%&'(& &

!"#$%&'($)*(+*,(--(./0#1*2$3$0*456*"#*!0"))78*98")(.*!0")):*

& &

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

& & & & & !=%&/1AA%9%.;%&#%*D%%.&3&.";/0"'1&"./&%/$))(+%*)<(00&=%9%&1)&*="*&*=%& A?9>%9&1./1;"*%)&*=%&D?9/&1)&.?*&;?99%;*$<&".)D%9%/&)1>@$<&#%;"E)%&*=%<&/?& .?*&C.?D&*=%&D?9/&?9&1*&1)&"&/1AA1;E$*&D?9/&A?9&*=%&)*E/%.*)(&G.&*=%&$"**%9&;")%,& *=%& D?9/& 1)& .?*& ;?99%;*$<& ".)D%9%/& "$*=?EB=& *=%& )*E/%.*)& ="F%& %.?EB=&

(12)

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

(13)

!"#$%&'(& &

!"#$%&'($)*+(,,$'$-#*(-*+(,,(./0#1*2$3$0*4$#5$$-*!0"))67*"-8*9*

& &

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

& & & & & !,%& 31%N.%0<4%+& -3& 3&."4/0"'1C& %/$))(-%* ):(00C& 5$":* )&/-8& "0/& ;/#"#(&-* <#6='>O& "1%& +4@0434<"0*& P!"#$%& 'Q(& )*& :%"0+& *,"*& *,%& /433%1%0<%& 40&

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

(14)

!

!"#$%&'()*+&,#-./0123#

# # # # # "#$%!%&'()!$*+,%&$-.&,(!/#,&#,0!10!*1&!2$334$*4&#,453.*6!&)7,!8*-3$%#!

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

(15)

!"#$%&

!"#$%&#'%&(#)(*+,-.#+/%0*#!"#$%&!1#.((#2+3+.4,'+#567!!8"#

6"#94(&(#:(&(#.(;(&+-#.*0)(<*.#:4%#),)<=*#*+3(#9>?@AB@C#*(.*"#94(#.D%&(.#,<# 9+/-(#!#+&(#*4(#%<(.#%E#.*0)(<*.#:4%#*%%3#*4(#*(.*"#

F"# G--# D%&&(-+*,%<# +<+-H.(.# ,<# *4,.# I+I(&# :(&(# D%<)0D*()# 0.,<J# '!()*%+,*-.%))!$(/0%+-.%!110#0!+/"#

K"#94(#D+*(J%&H#23/(/0%+-4/"5)6#&(I&(.(<*.#I4%<(*,D#D4+<J(#%E#,<*(&;%D+-,D# +-;(%-+&# E-+II,<J1# :4,D4# ,.# E&(L0(<*-H# %/.(&;()# ,<# G'(&,D+<# ?<J-,.4"# 94(#(M+'I-(.#E%0<)#,<#*4(#,<BD-+..#),D*+*,%<#*(.*.#:(&(N#7(/!)8-9!//0+98-:!//!)8-;3/-0+8-;3/-3;8-%3/-%18-(/-0/1#(*D"#

# #

'$($)$*+$%&

Kotera, S. & Yoshida, H. (ed.) (2005). Principles and Practices of English Language Teaching. Taishukan Shoten.

Kojima, S. & Ota, S. (2012). "Shadowing, Dictation and Reading Aloud: Which is Effective?" Tohoku TEFL, 4, 29-40.

Miura, S. (supervisor), Maeda, H. & Yamamori, K. (Eds.), Isoda, T. & Hiromori, T. (2004). Eigo Kyoshi no tameno Kyoiku Deta Bunseki Nyumon [Introduction to Educational Data Analysis for English Teachers]. Taishukan Shoten.

Moriyama, Y. (2009). Kyoshitsu ni okeru Risuningu Shido [Teaching Listening in Class]. Okayama: University Education Press Co., Ltd. Nakashima, K. (2007). "Development of CGI-based Automatic Scoring and

Tabulation System and its Application to English Education." Journal of Language and Literature, 15, pp.113-126, University of Tokushima. Nakashima, K. (2011). "Webu-besu Eigo Dikuteshon Tesuto & Shukei

Shisutemu no Kaihatsu to Kyoiku Riyo [Development of Web-based Dictation Test and Scoring System and its Application to English

(16)

Education]." Studies in e-Learning Language Education, 6, 1-10

Oka, H. & Akaike, H. & Sakai, S. (2004). A Manual for Improving the Teaching Ablitity of English Teachers. Taishukan Shoten.

Oller, J. W. (1979). Language tests at school: A pragmatic approach. London: Longman.

Ota, E. (2012). "A Study of Japanese EFL Learners' Dictation Process : An Analysis of Incorrectly Reproduced Words" Toyo Daigaku Hakusan- Eibeibungaku, 37, 35-65

Vromans, J. (2000). Perl 5 Pocket Reference, Third Edition, O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.

!""#$%&'(

!"#$%$"&'()*+$(,%-./*(0)*+$(12(&'(!"#$%&!(

( (

参照

関連したドキュメント

S., Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English, Oxford University Press, Oxford

While conducting an experiment regarding fetal move- ments as a result of Pulsed Wave Doppler (PWD) ultrasound, [8] we encountered the severe artifacts in the acquired image2.

In case of any differences between the English and Japanese version, the English version shall

In case of any differences between the English and Japanese version, the English version shall

In case of any differences between the English and Japanese version, the English version shall

In case of any differences between the English and Japanese version, the English version shall

In case of any differences between the English and Japanese version, the English version shall

In case of any differences between the English and Japanese version, the English version shall