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中央学術研究所紀要 第33号 204クリストファー・ラップ「第9回法華経国際会議 報告書(英文)」

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ConferenceRePort

TheNinthJlnternationa1LotusSutraConference:

BuddhistandChristianPI・adice

ChristopherRupP

Opportunitiesformeaning17uHnterdk;ciplinafyacademicdialogueheldinanatmos­ phereconduciveto弛tellectualgrowtharequiterare.TheNinthlntemationalLotus SutraConference,heldthisJuneinShigaKogeninthequietmountainsofNagano P17ci17ecture,wasoneoftheseopportunities.Theoutstandingfa(;ilities,beautifulscen­ eryandcaringattentionoftheRisshoKosei­kaista汀enabledastimulatingweekof bothintenseacademjcdiscussionandrewardingtimeawayfromtheconference rOOn!. Twelvepaperpresentations,eachfollowedbyasubstantivePeriodofdiscussion, tookplaceoverthecourseofthreedays.Thegeneralthemeoftheconferencewas BuddhistandChristianplactice, asweepingcategorythatbothinvitedandre­ ceivedabroadspectrumofindividua1Papertopics.0nthennalday,conferenceor­ ganizerDr.GeneReevesconfessedthatinitiallyhehadbeenconcemedthatthe topicmightbeProblematic,duetobothitssubstantialbreadthandthefactthatthe LotusSutraitselfdidnotappearinthetitle.However,astheconferencelesultsde­ scribedbelowclearlydemonstrate,theeventremainedtruetoitsnamesake,andthe freedomofsuchabroadtopic17acilitatedsometrulyinsightfuldialogue. Dr.TomK21sulis(TheohioStateun沁er吋ty)beganthecon15(・renceonthec・ve・ning ofJune28thwithapaPerentitled TheComparativeStudyofReligiousP17actices: Mantra,Nembutsu,Litanies,theKyrie,andtheJesusPrayer. Usinganewmethodo­ logicalapproachdesignedtoleinterprettheproblematicdualityofpracticevs.belief inthestudyofreligionasasinglecontinuuminsteadofapairofopposites,Pro秘s­ sorKasulisusedtheexamplesmentionedinthepaper stitletodemom;tratenve stepsuponthisspectrum.Thefirststep, practice, includesalltheindividual, physicalactionsinvolvedinaParticu回垂三ligiousactivity.Thesecond,1)raxis,de­ notesadis;crete昭stemofsuchpl^actices;intum,orthopraxisreferstothedeうtermi­ nationofthecorrectmannerinwhichthep17acticesthatmakeupthepraxisareexe­ 204

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cuted. M(うtapraxis, then,(1esじribestherationaleforaparticularorthopractic scheme.1ニフinally・undergirdingtheorthoplacticalandme5tapra(;ticalconcernsisa metaphysicalsystem,whichhedescribesas arationallybased,systematiccharac­ terizationofthefundamentalnatureofleality. WiththismethodologyandsomeconcreteexamplesinPlace,hel:)l­()ceededto connecthisworktotheLotusSutrabylookingattheparableofthebuminghouse foundinchapterthree.Whenthef7atheruseswhatmightappearassimpledeiception todeliverhissonstol;afetyjtisreally叩砂a,or expc5dientmeans, one()fthema­ jorthemesoftheLotusSutra.Asthesonsarenotcapableofhearingthetruerea­ sonswhytheyshouldleavethebuminghouse,thefatheruseslanguagecreativelyto achievehisgoa1.Thus,Dr.Kasulisargues,theLotusSutrascharacterizationof expedientmeans isreallyonlyancりc(5ssarya(bustment,notasubstantivemeta­ physicalshift;inthelanguageofhismodel,then,itisonlyametapracticaldigres­ sion.Thispaperwasanoutstandingchoicetobegintheconference,asitnotonly irlspiredalivelyd珀cussionbutalsoprovidedanexPerimentalmethodologythatre­ curredthroughouttheweek. Pr()17essorKan11­namoh(UniversityofRegina)beganthenextmomingwithhis paper, JesusPrayerandθj❹謂θだμ. Hispresentationandtheensuingdiscussion servedtwomajorPurposes:First,astheparticipantscamefromsuchdiverseback­ grounds,manyleamedofatraditionofrePetitiveprayerwithwhichtheyhadbeen previouslyunfamiliar・Second,Dr.0h sprimarythesis ̄thatthepaperisnota compafativestudybutratherademonstrationthatsignincantdepthofunderstanding ofonePracticeisessentialtoasubstantivegraspoftheother,1edtoaninteresting convel4sationabouttheverynatureofinterreligiousunderstanding.Forexample, bothofDr.0hsritualartifactsinvolvethepracticeofconstantlyrepeatinga弛w simplesyllables,butgrowoutofcompletelydi汀erents;ystemsofachievingreligious tln(1erstanding.How,then,Dr.ElizabethGalbraith(St.01afCollege)asked,do scholarsusesuchsimilarplacticestogainunderstandinginthel)17eうsenceofsucw/wpg:htw.entbeliefsystems7WhilethisisnotaquestiontobeanswereddefinitivelyD.r. 0hspaperl)rovidesasul;1;estion.First,her)()5;itsthatthe17(4)etitionofafewsimPle syllables,theoneundeniablecommonalitybetweenthesetwoPractices,dearly he址htensthereligiousl;einsibilitiesofthosewhodoit.Second,hearguesthatthis commonalityitselfisenoughtoprovideapointofincreasedunderstandingbetween widelydisParatetladitions.Forexample,aLotusdevoteewholc5citestheθj❹z?7θ andbeう1ievesshehasl:)cirlefitedfromitwouldbehard?ressedtodenyasimilardaim fromapractitioneroftheJesusl)Iayer.Thiscommonality,heargues,takesplace 205

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中 央 学 術 研 究 所 紀 要 第 3 3 号 beforeandindependentofanyexplicitcomparativeenterprise. Dr.AliceKeefe(UniversityofxvisconsilトStevensPoint)wasnextwithherpaper, lconsandtheLotusSutraグveryconcemedwiththesexistfanoutofsubject­object dualisminbothwestemreligionandtheinterpretationofnon­westelnreligionsby w(ls;temscholars,sheusedherpapertolookdeeplyintothemechanicsofvision, intothespacebetweentheonewhoseesandtheobjectseen.lnconcertwiththe themeoftheconference,sheusesTibetanBuddhismandorthodoxChristianity,two traditionswithiconophilictendencies,tomustrateherargument.lnherpresentation, shebroughtupanissuethatwouldrecurlaterintheweek:Subject­objectdualism, bomoftheGreekconceptofaPeirfect,unchangingdivinitythatisabsolutelysepa­ ratefiomthedynamicworldofman,findspurchasefirstinthedivisionbetween bodyandmindandthenintheissueofgender.ltisalsotruethatweうstemculture tlistoricallylooksforspiritualinsightfirstintherealmofthemind;withthefemale labeledasthemorecamalgender,sheargues,itisnothardtoseehowinequalities arise.lnhisresponse,Dr.DedongぺVeinotedthat,inthecaseofweぅ1;temscholars treatmentofAsianreligion,thisfalloutisnotlimitedtogenderissues;indeed,hear­ gued,thisbuilt­indualismistherootcauseofanynumberofsuchinterpretivemis­ steps.Thediscussionthentumedtotheconceptofseeingasembodiment,whichled toaquestionfromDr.Galbraith: lfseeingtheBuddhaisbecomingtheBuddha, thenisseeingJesusbecomingJcisus?Naturally,Christiantheologianswillanswer witharesounding no ;Dr.Kc5efementionedthatevenEas;temOrthodoxtheology, whichislessdependentonthediscourseoforiginalsinforitsmetaphysicsthanthat ofw6temEuropeantraditions,stillpleservesafundamentalgapbetweenthecreator andthecreated.Seeinginthewestemreligioussenseisalwaysatransitiveverb withanexteriorobject,whileinBuddhistthoughtseeingcanbeper(;eivedasbecom­ ingonewiththepel^ceived.Similarly,westemthoughttendstolendprimacytothe writtenwordovertheimage,anotherProblematicareaintheinterpretationofnon­ westcimreligioustraditions. ThefinalpaperofthesessioncamefromProf.DennisHirota(Ryukokuuniver­ sity).Asthetitle RevelationasSacrament indicates,heexaminedtheroleofreve­ 1ationintheLotusSutra,utilizingcommentaryfrombothShinranandthe20thcen­ turyprotestanttheologianKar1Barth.GiventhecontentofthePreviousdiscussion, hewasquicktopointoutthatthetranscendenceimpliedbyhisuseof revelation is notthatwhichisinformedbysulニ!jectobjectdualism;rather,itisanexPressionof thetranscendenceofthelimitednatureofhumanpercePtion.BothShinranand Barth,Dr.Hirotaargues,seeanunbridgeablegapbetweencommonhumanlanguage 206

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andthecommunicationofthatwhichisreal;however,henotesthatbothalsoseem tosu回温stthatthereareinstancesoftherealreachingintoordinarytimeandspace. TheparablescontainedintheLotusSutra,hecontinu6, suggestadialecticalproc­ essofellg21gementwiththePath. Dr.MichioShinozaki侭isshoKosi­kaiSemi­ nary)agreedthat叩砂a・;ul)I)ortstheideathatlanguageisinsul`1icientinthetう)cPres­ sionofthedivine,butwiththecaveatthatfaithcomesw❹zunderstanding,notin thellbsence()fitばurthermore,headded,intheLotustlradition戸可凹(wisdom)is moreimPortantthanfaith.Howeveうr,laterinthediscussionhealsorecognizedthat /7r可召と7ultimatelymeansfindingwaystoPutwisdomintodailylife,whichisnot (lissimilartoa(lialecticalpl^ocessoferlS;agementwiththePath.Similafly,Dr. ReevespointedoutthatMpayaintheLotusSutraisnoten!phasizingtheinadequacy oflanguage,butisinsteadanexl)ressionoftheusefulnessoflanguage,emPloyed creatively,tocommunicateunderstanding・ Dr.JosephBracken(xavieruniversity)begantheaftemoonwithhispaper, lgna­ tianlndifferenceandBuddhistDetachment. lnthisstudyDr.Brackenappliesa comparativemethodologytothed柚ciplineputforthbySt.lgnatiusandtheBud­ dhistconceptofdetachment,Hearguesthatbothhavethesamegoa1,namely spiri­ tualfreedomthroughad柚ciplinedlife. Asanexamplehecomparestheparableof theProdigalson丘omtheGospelofSt.Luketothetaleoftheimpoverishedsonin chaPterfouroftheLotusSutra.Henotesthatjnthebiblicalstory,nothingisre­ quiredofthesoninordertoretumhome,whilethesonintheLotusSutramust workthroughmanytryingsituationsbeforeacquiringtherequisitewisdomofone occupyinghisrightfulplaceinthefamily・lnhisresponse,Pro17essorDalTo1Bryant (UniversityofW21terloo)agreedthatthiswasfertilegr()undforcomParison,pointing outtheextenttowhichmeditationdiscoursehasworkeditswayintoChristiantheol­ ogy.However,hequestionedthepresenceoftheessentia1Buddhistconceptofthe suppressionofdesireinlgnatianl:)I^adice.Perhaps,hesuggestedjtratherinvolveda reorderingoftheGod­givenself. Dr.Brackenconcurredthat suppression isa problematicterminthisusage,butpointedoutthesimilaritybetweenlgnatian thoughtandthefirstthreeNobleTruths. Thed徊cussionforthispapertumedprimarilyontwopoints.First,Dr.Reeves pointedoutthatthereisaninherentdifficultyincomparingthemindoftheBuddha・ wheredetachmentiscompleteandnosingledescriptionispos;sible,withthespecific teachingsofasingleman;Dr.Keefethoughtthatinsteaditm電htbemoreeffective toapplythismethodologytoa叩ecificasl)ectofBuddhistpl・actice.Second,the comParisonofthetwoParablesledtoalivelydiscussionregardingtheroleofthe 207

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中 央 学 術 研 究 所 紀 要 第 3 3 号 willinspiritualgrowth;perhaps,Dr.Keefesu肩 装孚d,thew6temtendencytolo­ catethewinwithintheindividualisasourceofdifncultyforwcう1;temscholars. Thenextpaper,titled BuddhistEcologicalldeasandPIa(2tices, byDedongxVei (Renminun沁e・rsity),e・)cl)1orestheroleofBuddhisminanageofec()1()gicalchaos, Hebeganhispresentationwiththeideathatanecologicalcrisisisreallyacrisisof themind;thusitisinthemindthatecologicalworkmustbedone.lnhisPaperhe explainsthatthetheoryofdependentorigination,whichholdsthatallconstituent elementsoftheworldareconditionallydependentonothersuchelements,isthe philosophicalbasisforBuddhistecologicalideas.Thus,theactionsofoneelement (i.e.humanbeings)thatharmanotherelement(i.e.theearthsnaturalenvironment) willeventuallyberevisitedupontheagentofharm.Dr.べveisthesisholdsthat withintheverynatureoftheBuddhistconceptionofhumankindsinthecosmoslies a介ameworkfordivertingusfromourcurrentpathofecologicaldestruction.Rec­ ognizingthealienationfromournaturalenvironmentasancrucialobstacleinthis quest,hearguesthattheBuddhistconceptofhumanitybeingnomoreandnoless importantthananyotherelementoftheuniversecouldbeakeyfactorinawakening humanconsciousnesstotheconsequencesofourecologicallydeleteriousbehavior. ThediscussionquicklyflushedouttwofacetsofChristianitythatrequiredevelop­ mentinthisarea;first,itdoesnotrecognizetheintrinsicvalueofnon­humanlife, andsecond,theconceptofthestewardshipof(;reationisnotsu仔1ciently5;tressed incontemporaryChristiantheology.However,asaninte5restingcounterpointProfes­ sorJohnYokota(KyotoWomen sun沁ersity)notedthat,irollically,itcouldbe westemBuddhistswhowillsaveBuddhismintheenvironmentalsense,astheEast AsianBuddhistestablishmenthasnotbeensu汀icientlyactiveinpmtectingtheenvi­ ronment. Dr.LiSilong(Pekingun沁elsity)capPedo汀thee・veningwithhispaper, Onthe TheoryoflnheritedEvilinTiantai. Thisstudy,partially弛spiredbytheeventsof Septmeber11,2001,whenthe17hetoricofgoodandevilassunledsuchaProminent roleonthestageofintemationalpolitics,givesanaccountoftheconceptionofevil inTiantaiBuddhism.PresentintheBuddha­mindistheunityofallpairsofopPo­ snes;thedichotomyofgoodandevilisnoexception.0fcourse,Prof;essorLi pointsout・theBuddhaisbeyondcorruptionordistinctionofanykind,andthepres­ enceofevilwithintheBuddha­minddoesnotinanywayindicatethemanifestation ofevil.lnthecomParativespiritoftheconference,Dr.Lipointsoutthat,unlikethe ChristianGod,Buddhaisnotthejudgeofevil;rather,thewisdomofBuddhaleads his(1柚ciplesawayfromevi1.Thediscussiondwelledforsometimeontheontology 208

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ofevi1,afterwhichDr.Galbraithonceagainbroughtusbacktotheideaofr)17actice withaquestionregardingtheexistenceofinnocenthafdshipinaworldwherekarma isthesourceofallsuffering.Dr.Reevesansweredthatkarmaleavesroomfor ac­ cidentalsunbring, andDr.0hmadetheinterestingobservationthatwithoutunde­ servedpainthereisnoevilatal1. PI4017essorBryantbeganthesecondfulldayofpaPerswith TheLotusSutraand RisshoKosei­kai・ aself­described attemptofanon buddhologisttoprocessand comprehendtheLotusSutraandRisshoKosei­kai. Aconvelsationabouttherespec­ tivenatureofsininBuddhismandChristianity ̄includingthereluctanceonthePart ofsonlescholarsofJaPaneseBuddhismtousetheword sin ata11 ̄tookplace.Dr. Shinozakinotedthatsinisconceivedas dewandfrost inRisshoKosei­kai thought,asephemeralastherestofthesenseworld;assuch,itisnottheover­ archingconcemthatitisinChristiantheology.Furthcうrmore,hecontinued,theself­ interestthatisthesourceofsinisrevealedthroughourdaily弛telactionswithour surroundings・Thebuddhologistsattheconferencewere㎞terestedtoleamhow doselythisresonateswiththeAulgustinianconceptionofsinasthetendencyofthe selftocurveinwarduponitself. Thediscussionthentumedtotheroleofan(;estorworshiPinRisshoKosei­kai l)ractice.XvhileDr.ShinozakipointedoutthatintheLotustraditionan(;estorven­ erationisanexampleofMフフαyαandthusissubordinatetoLotusdevotion,Dr. Reevesaddedthat,asthecentralreligiousactivityinJapan,ancestorworshipissti11 crucial.Also,headded,workingforworldpeaceisanessentialfeatureofthevision ofRisshoKosei­kaifounderReverendNikkyoNiwano;thus,thereisastrongsense ofjescendantwol5;hipinRisshoKoseうi­kaiP17acticeaswell. Dr.Yokotafollowedthiswithhispaper, PracticeintheBuddhistTradition, whichgivesabriefhistoryoftheconceptofpracticeinBuddhism,thenarguesthat JapaneseBuddhismhaswitnessedadeclineinpracticethroughthecenturies,tothe Pointthattruereligiouspracticeis5;(;arcelyavailabletomodemJapanese.lnhis presentationhemadetwoadditionalpoints.First,Japanesereligiousorganizations havegrowntoexhibitsomecharacteristicsofmonotheistictraditions.Second,Japa­ nesereligioustraditionshaveneveroPeratedinisolation;theyhavealwaysbeenin somesortofdialoguewithotherbeliefsystems.lnherresponse,Dr.Galbraith wishedtodistinguishtwoformsofreligiousplヽactice:1)Γε1ctica1,ethicallymotivated behavioranddevotionalexercise.Regardingthepresenceofmonotheistictraitsin JaPaneseBuddhism,theconvel7sationtumedtothehistoricalexclusivityofLotus­ centeredtraditions.Dr.ShinozakiclearlyexpressedthatRisshoKosei­kaimembers 209

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中 央 学 術 研 究 所 紀 要 第 3 3 号 are intentionallyaware thatthegroupisnotexclusivist,afactthattendstomiti­ gate11汝oricala5;1;ociationsoftheLotustraditionwithclaimstoprimacy.Dr. Brackenaddedthat,whileonecannotcomPletelysecularizeareligioustextwithout destroyingitsmeaning ̄atraditionmusthaveatleasta I)referredR)rmofrevela­ tion ­whatneedstobeavoidedisthepointwherepractitionersofonef()rTnfeel thatitneedstobeeverybodyelsesaswe11.Dr.Bryantagreed,butcommentedthat westemscholafsmaybeusingthetc5rms exdusive and inclusive intheChfistian theologicalsense;ifso,theymaynotbeespeciallyusefulinfacilitatinginterfaith dialogue. Dr.Shinozakithenpresentedhispaper, Kannon sCompassioninNiwano, whichexPlainstheroleofKannon,asde5;cribedinchapter25oftheLotusSutrajn ReverendNiwanosexPlicationofcompassion.Brieny,hemakestwomajorpoints. First,Kannoncanbothdeliverbelieversfromsun5eringthroughunconditionallove andprovidethosebelieverswithamodelthroughwhichtheythemselvescanamelio­ ratethesu汀eringofothers.Second,Kannon s compassion isdi汀erentthanthe wGtemideaofcomPassion,asitinvolvesnosenseofsympathyorpathos­this bringwithithumanattachmentsandcravings­butratherliesinperfectbalancebe­ tweenwisdomandcompassion.TheJapanscholarsagreedthatforthisreasonthe translationofノ (慈悲)ascompassionisp140blematicforwc・st(・I゛ners;whileit dearlycarriessomeofthesameideasinvokedbytheEnglishterm,inbothgeneral moodandspecincmeaningtheoverlapisinsljlfficient・Thelackofamoreaccurate £11telnEltive,however,1eftthescholarswiththedimculttaskofusinganuancedver­ sionofafamiliarEnglishword,alwaysanimpedimenttomeaningfulintercultural understanding. Theensuingdiscussionretumedtotwofamiliarandrelatedthemes:theconcept ofembodimentandthepitfallsofcomparativemethodology.Regardingtheformer, Dr.KasulismadethepointthatKannonscompassionisalreadythere,anditisupto thehumanbeingtorecognizeandembodyit;inBuddhism,actionisnottheproduct ofanoutsideagentbutrathera productofoverlappingsetsofproce5sses;. Retum­ ingtothesecondthemementionedabove,Dr.Brackencommentedthat,asagents arenc5cessaryinChristian{ごthics,thisisanotherstickingpointforwcうstemscholars. Thepenultimatepresentation,Dr.GEllbraiths AgapeandBodhisattvainShusaku Endo sSj/どハcら seekstopeerintoJapaneseChristianitythroughthewritingof ShusakuEndo,afamous20thcenturyJapaneseauthorwhowasalsoraisedasa practicingRomanCatholic.Sheoutlines山reem4joraspectsofJapaneseChristo1­ ogythatshed1址htonmuchofthecomParativediscussiondescribedabove:First. 210

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I IZ ­qolu明;)uall叫1眼!MQsopuoluoFsnc)s!p萌nqjnoJqu叫;)l?JaJ(I 晩ulntl9叩p四 9u!A!p叫luQgMpqJlnjgp隅萌IJold;33uoc)uuリsμqD叫lolJg!11}JdJ机lsu!spu司s uo 狽P uJ ls nl ol 叫l 9n 召卯 叫 gs ug ss !叩 uリ PI JO M叫 lu !9 Λ叩 s! 萌p pn a叫 ls sg l ­unuqPpnaous!9J9眼uJlnSsnlo19眼uou眼lnopQlu!odsgA9911J(I lugul9宕蛍iug 印 i n o J 叩 X ; ) u u J ! 1 拶 9 1 s l ! s p u リ l u 叩 9 ; ) ! p u J d P g s u q リ 匂 ! Λ ! p u u R t j t I F ) ! p R l d s ! ! u l ­9 s o } I o甲s!MlullMsxuMxuuulu!s!ごuls!tlppnaPu司­MOI。suLI91sgA9911J(11BqMuls川p ­ p n a s 両 1u o ! s s n c ) s ! p l u 3 円 d o s o l ! 1 1 d l ; ) □ l s q u J O P ! o Λ 9 p u g U o s ! l u 眼 1 9 Λ 9 1 / { u P ­o l ­x u p p I J O M ­l u Q J u l u s u g d d l ? M I ! Q J O L u J g t l μ n と 1現 s v l s u 9 叩 n o s p u u l s u Q J O I l u u ! g ) ; ) ! p 召 J d ls!qpPnasnol!nb!qnlsom9眼9qxuuld!甲JOMuびuBnD押叩slsgjjnsoslul! J)!oA 9眼。Josgu!ldulgoluo!loΛ9p/く19JguJs!1!IR叩uo!IBsn3;)B9叩JgpunuloJJlnolgj uBこ)uls!tlpPnaalglIMgqxmuuびul3nDIB甲lnoslu!odJadl?d9皿 ­ u ! J O l u ! l u 9 1 0 d p u u s g ! I l n こ ) U J ! p g 叩 眼 o q P u u g c ) ! E ) R l d s n o 声 ! P Ju o ! s s u d m o 3 o l J P s J 9 1 1 ( u o u u 司 4 ) u び u u n D u l o J J t ) u g J 可 u o 3 9 叩 J o s g L u Q 叩 j u ! エ l n 3 9 J l u J 9 Λ 9 s J 9 眼 9 1 1 0 1 l t l j n o J q u o ! s s n c ) s ! p p u u u o ! l 圃 u g s g J d s ! 1 1 1 j u J s ! q P P n a J o l ) 3 ! p R l d 9 叩 s u u o ! l o Λ 9 ( l u び u l ? n D 。 Jgduds両叩!M90ugJ弓uo3叫IJouo!ll?lllasgJdl召uU叫lp叩!AOJds9Λ9911J(I P I J O M luQJa叩u!s9Λ!IJ9叩ju!Λ!191do9d泥lnjgJJoulIBalg甲olu!puuullugJlurlpgIPlu! Q眼Jolnol!siuリqtla両MXIlu3声0109眼olpasoddosu心sno拶!laJopuHPualoll9q s ! l ! P g n u ! l u o 3 9 q9 q / { 町 へ l i u リ g J J n s l n o q u / { I F l u u 耳 J d s ! t u s ! t l p P n a l u 叩 s n p g p u ! u l ­QJs9Λg911J(lpuu noxgP!sjuoIRjuリ9JJnsQuo9ulossugJn郡JPojg叩Jolu!眼 ols!ju!uugujs,opuHdsuJiiolx12MPoo宕召sdB甲9dlu叩p司9jjnspll?zou!IIS・J(1 aJ9Λ9sJQ叩uJspunoss!眼p910u911 泥g皿1919M9叩olts!叩Jo川lno叩sJloq;)suud 一町押11AxuJ1391olsno!Jn3心9ΛsuMlul£la・J(I・u!sPuull押oppoDJosRgp!uR!lsリqこ) 9叩ol/(1!Λ!l!sugsu!9ΛnulalugAuq99uud町9q19snl?39quud町u!lnJsgx)nsunsl?M 心 ! u u ! l s ! J q こ ) l 明 l 1 1 1 9 u l u l o 3 町 o p u E I J o l n o M a l j u o F s n ; ) s ! p J o ; ) ! d o l J o r e u I P u o 3 9 s v j u リ 9 J J n s J o s p u a l l g s o J ; ) 9 眼 l u u o 郡 ) u ! l s ! P l s u Q I J o l u ! o d u p u リ p 9 9 p u ! 川排u191uuJ司puBgl已田xpoqpuupuyuJuggM19qsuo!s!Λ!p吋)gU!Iloulgqplno3­uJs! ­lunpp9叫o­p呵qns皿I司9MJopnpoJd9叩sRgQsg甲IIR39JII!MgM s田aauo3­Jgd ­udJ叫u!1)gs!RlsuJ93uo3J叩u謡叫IJo9tuosgJ叫皿心ol男91uoumloこ)叫l同罪I町uJ s両11明IPls謡jnsos叩叫sjJou11叫科nとlそΛllus!tlpoq叫lpull叩qこ)JOJPunoJii 冒叫pgmFリugss9叫1;4)!ΛoJd如uJ宕u!J司JnsJouo!louls!qPpna叫lw叩1111!ls9器ns puo心qd9lsul!)1001lnq圃p!s!眼叩!MI)gal面々uolou町99}【J(I 9suodsgJJ叫 uljgx。sno!lnu3ugnjJBaqS乙uouuuで〉IJo押印olls!周こ)Jo宕u!J弓Jns9叩9Judtuoこ) guouuこ):s!叩sリu9眼眼 lqluDJ{IJOJuo!lsonbgtLL・£ll?Wu侈J!Λ9眼puuuouuu}I Jouo!IBu!qulo3Bsgmoこ)9qJo!Λ認9甲JOQjm gJniiUI町周二)9叩puo;)sLlo!Λusju!JgJJnsu叩!Mp9;)uldgJs!PODlu910d!uulo9眼

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中 央 学 術 研 究 所 紀 要 第 3 3 号 1;elvationthat,whenwelookatreligiousl)Iacticethfoughthelensofactivityasop­ posedtothatofnomeうnclature,barriersofanllgtlisticordoctrinalnaturegrowcon­ s旧erablyweaker。 Withthepl・esentationscornpleted,Thursdaybroughtustheopportunitytopartici­ pateinaRisshoKosei­kaiserviceinNagano,afterwhichcongregationmembers hostedad{うhciouslunch.Fromthemomentwearriveduntilourbuspulledoutof theParkinglot,thehospitalityofthechurchmemberswasbeyondcompare.After lunchwel eceivedaguidedtourofZenkoji,thenretumedtoShigaKogenwherewe spenttheeveningkamingaboutthreeseparateaspectsoftheRisshoKosei­kaior­ ganizationinp17actice.First,YukimasaHagiwaragaveabrieftalkaboutlntema゛ tiona1FaithDissemination,thebranchofRisshoKosei­kaidevotedtointroducingits teachingstopeopleoutsideofJapan.Second,MasakazuGotooftheExtema1Af­ fairsDepartmentgaveadescriptionofthegroupsconcretegoalsascontextualized inRissho­Kosei­kaisphilosophyandultimatelyintheLotusSutraitself.Finally ShinichiNoguchi,ExecutiveDirectoroftheNiwanoPeaceFoundation,outlinedthe purposeandactivitiesofthisimportantbranchofRisshoKosei­kai.Therehadbeen severalallusionstothisaspectoftheorganizationthfoughouttheconference,andit wasveryencouragingtoseeReverendNiwanosvisionaliveinconcretea(;tivities; indeedjtlentasenseofrealismtosomeoftheweeksdiscussionsofthenatureof religiousl)1actice.0nFridaywel・etumedtoTokyo,wheretheconferencepartici­ pantstookpartinaforuminwhichordinarymembersofRisshoKosei­kaiwereable toaskquestionsregardingthevisitingls(:holarsthoughtandresearch.Finally,Ris­ shoKosei kaivolunteersandstaffheldaclosingreceptionthatevening,onceagain demonsu4atingincomparablehospitalitytoconferenceparticipantsandguestsalike. Here,manyconvelsationsbegunintheconferenceroomatShigaKogencontinued, newfriendsweremade,andanothersuccessfu1柘temationalLotusSutraConference cametoaclose. 212

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