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グリーンランド氷床上での地震波形観測に氷床が与える影響について

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グリーンランド氷床上での地震波形観測に氷床が与える影響について

豊国源知1、金尾政紀2、東野陽子3、姫野哲人4、坪井誠司3、竹中博士5

1東北大学大学院理学研究科 地震・噴火予知研究観測センター

2国立極地研究所

3海洋研究開発機構

4成蹊大学

5岡山大学

Contamination by ice sheet on seismic waveforms observed on Greenland Ice Sheet

Genti Toyokuni1, Masaki Kanao2, Yoko Tono3, Tetsuto Himeno4, Seiji Tsuboi3 and Hiroshi Takenaka3

1RCPEVE, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

2NIPR, Tokyo, Japan

3JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan

4Seikei University, Tokyo, Japan

5Okayama University, Okayama, Japan

In 2009, the multinational GreenLand Ice Sheet monitoring Network (GLISN), a large broadband seismological network in and around Greenland was initiated to monitor seismic events induced by ice melting. Out of all 32 GLISN observatories, only four points are installed on the inland ice, which are extremely important to obtain dence and high-resolution seismic network.

However, average ice thickness of Greenland Ice Sheet is about 1.5 km, and the thickest point reaches to 3.4 km. Such a thick ice would cause serious contamination on seismic waveforms observed by the four ice sites. In this work, we simulate regional seismic wave propagation with a realistic Greenlan Ice Sheet model to show how it affects on observations.

An accurate and efficient modeling of regional seismic wave propagation can be achieved by the axisymmetric modeling using the cylindrical coordinates. It assumes the structural model as rotationally symmetric along the vertical axis including a seismic source, and then solves the 3-D wave equation in cylindrical coordinates only on a 2-D structural cross section.

Therefore, this method can correctly model 3-D geometrical spreading effects and the pulse shape, with computation time and memory comparable to 2-D modeling .

Because of the axisymmetric approximation, this method had long been used only for axisymmetric strucutres and source mechanisms. However, Takenaka et al. (2003, GRL) expanded it to treat asymmetric structure models. Recently, a moment- tensor point source and the anelastic attenuation have also been included (Toyokuni et al., 2013, SSJ fall meeting). In this presentation, we will show several numerical examples calculated for both constant and laterally-varying ice thickness, and discuss differences on waveforms with respect to the dominant frequency range.

2009年に発足した「グリーンランド氷床の地震モニタリング観測網(Greenland Ice Sheet Monitoring Network

GLISN)」は,氷床モニタリングを目的として,11ヶ国の国際共同で広帯域地震観測網を展開するプロジェクトで

ある.観測網は氷床上や露岩域に新設された観測点と,既存の定常観測点を合わせて成り立っており,現在32 が運営されている.このうち氷床上の観測点は4点存在するが,グリーンランド氷床は平均の厚さ1.5 km,最厚

部では3.4 kmにも及ぶため,氷床上の地震観測で得られたデータを解析する際には氷床の影響の正しい考慮が不

可欠となる.今回は我々がこれまで開発を行ってきた局所的な地震波伝播シミュレーション手法にグリーンラン ド氷床モデルを入力し,氷床が観測波形にどの程度影響を与えるか見積もった.

局所的な地震波伝播を精度と効率良くシミュレーションする手法としては,「準円筒座標系差分法」(Takenaka

et al., 2003, GRL)が知られている.この手法はもともと構造探査をターゲットとした手法であり,軸対称震源のみ

が用いられていたが,現在は任意のモーメントテンソル点震源と媒質の非弾性減衰が取り扱えるよう,プログラ ムが拡張されている(豊国他, 2013, 日本地震学会秋季大会).発表では氷床の厚さが均一な場合と横方向に変化する 場合で波形を比較するほか,卓越周波数の違いによって氷床の影響がどの程度変化するか議論する予定である.

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