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ǼȁȁǾȃǿȀH ȉǼȋȃǿȀǾ

ȆȇȅǻǿǹīȇǹĭǾ

HELLENIC

ȉǼCHNICAL

SPECIFICATION

ǲȡȖĮ ĮȞĲȚıĲȘȡȓȟİȦȢ Įʌȩ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȘ

Retaining structures with reinforced earth

ȀȜȐıȘ ĲȚȝȠȜȩȖȘıȘȢ: 12

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Ǽȁȅȉ 2009 ǵȜĮ ĲĮ įȚțĮȚȫȝĮĲĮ ȑȤȠȣȞ țĮĲȠȤȣȡȦșİȓ. ǼțĲȩȢ ĮȞ țĮșȠȡȓȗİĲĮȚ įȚĮĳȠȡİĲȚțȐ, țĮȞȑȞĮ ȝȑȡȠȢ ĮȣĲȠȪ ĲȠȣ ȆȡȠĲȪʌȠȣ įİȞ İʌȚĲȡȑʌİĲĮȚ ȞĮ ĮȞĮʌĮȡĮȤșİȓ Ȓ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȘșİȓ ıİ ȠʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠĲİ ȝȠȡĳȒ Ȓ ȝİ ȠʌȠȚȠįȒʌȠĲİ ĲȡȩʌȠ, ȘȜİțĲȡȠȞȚțȩ Ȓ ȝȘȤĮȞȚțȩ, ʌİȡȚȜĮȝȕĮȞȠȝȑȞȦȞ ĳȦĲȠĮȞĲȚȖȡȐĳȚıȘȢ țĮȚ ȝȚțȡȠĳȓȜȝ, įȓȤȦȢ ȖȡĮʌĲȒ ȐįİȚĮ Įʌȩ ĲȠȞ İțįȩĲȘ. ǼȁȁǾȃǿȀȅȈ ȅȇīǹȃǿȈȂȅȈ ȉȊȆȅȆȅǿǾȈǾȈ ǹ.Ǽ. ǹȤĮȡȞȫȞ 313, 111 45 ǹșȒȞĮ

ȆȡȩȜȠȖȠȢ

H ʌĮȡȠȪıĮ ǼȜȜȘȞȚțȒ ȉİȤȞȚțȒ ʌȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮĳȒ Ǽȁȅȉ TȆ 1501-11-02-05-00 «ǲȡȖĮ ĮȞĲȚıĲȘȡȓȟİȦȢ Įʌȩ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȒ» ȕĮıȓȗİĲĮȚ ıĲȘȞ ȆȡȠıȦȡȚȞȒ ǼșȞȚțȒ ȉİȤȞȚțȒ ȆȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮĳȒ (ȆǼȉǼȆ) ʌȠȣ ıȣȞĲȐȤșȘțİ Įʌȩ ĲȠ ǿȞıĲȚĲȠȪĲȠ ȅȚțȠȞȠȝȓĮȢ ȀĮĲĮıțİȣȫȞ (ǿȅȀ) ȣʌȩ ĲȘȞ İʌȠʌĲİȓĮ ĲȘȢ 2ȘȢ _{ȅȝȐįĮȢ ǻȚȠȓțȘıȘȢ ǲȡȖȠȣ (2}Ș _{ȅǻǼ) ĲȠȣ} ȊʌȠȣȡȖİȓȠȣ ȆİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞĲȠȢ ȋȦȡȠĲĮȟȓĮȢ țĮȚ ǻȘȝȠıȓȦȞ ǲȡȖȦȞ (ȊȆǼȋȍǻǼ). ȉȘȞ İʌİȟİȡȖĮıȓĮ țĮȚ ĲȘȞ ȑțįȠıȘ ĲȘȢ ʌĮȡȠȪıĮȢ ǼȜȜȘȞȚțȒȢ ȉİȤȞȚțȒȢ ʌȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮĳȒȢ Ǽȁȅȉ TȆ 1501-11-02-05-00, ĮȞȑȜĮȕİ Ș ǼȚįȚțȒ ȅȝȐįĮ ǲȡȖȠȣ ǼȅǼ Ȉȉ ĲȘȢ Ǽȁȅȉ ȉǼ 99 «ȆȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮĳȑȢ ĲİȤȞȚțȫȞ ȑȡȖȦȞ», ĲȘ ȖȡĮȝȝĮĲİȓĮ ĲȘȢ ȠʌȠȓĮȢ ȑȤİȚ Ș ǻȚİȪșȣȞıȘ ȉȣʌȠʌȠȓȘıȘȢ ĲȠȣ ǼȜȜȘȞȚțȠȪ ȅȡȖĮȞȚıȝȠȪ ȉȣʌȠʌȠȓȘıȘȢ (Ǽȁȅȉ). ȉȠ țİȓȝİȞȠ ĲȘȢ ʌĮȡȠȪıĮȢ ǼȜȜȘȞȚțȒȢ ȉİȤȞȚțȒȢ ȆȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮĳȒȢ Ǽȁȅȉ ȉȆ 1501-11-02-05-00 İȖțȡȓșȘțİ ĲȘȞ 23Ș _{ǻİțİȝȕȡȓȠȣ 2009} Įʌȩ ĲȘȞ Ǽȁȅȉ ȉǼ 99 ıȪȝĳȦȞĮ ȝİ ĲȠȞ țĮȞȠȞȚıȝȩ ıȪȞĲĮȟȘȢ țĮȚ ȑțįȠıȘȢ İȜȜȘȞȚțȫȞ ʌȡȠĲȪʌȦȞ țĮȚ ʌȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮĳȫȞ.

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ȆİȡȚİȤȩȝİȞĮ

ǼȚıĮȖȦȖȒ ... 4 1 ǹȞĲȚțİȓȝİȞȠ ... 5 2 ȉȣʌȠʌȠȚȘĲȚțȑȢ ʌĮȡĮʌȠȝʌȑȢ ... 5 3 ǵȡȠȚ țĮȚ ȠȡȚıȝȠȓ ... 7 3.1 TĮȟȚȞȩȝȘıȘ țĮȚ ȤĮȡĮțĲȘȡȚıĲȚțȐ ĲȦȞ ȑȡȖȦȞ ĮȞĲȚıĲȒȡȚȟȘȢ Įʌȩ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȘ ... 7 4 ǹʌĮȚĲȒıİȚȢ ... 10 4.1 AʌĮȚĲȒıİȚȢ İȞıȦȝĮĲȠȪȝİȞȦȞ ȣȜȚțȫȞ ... 10 5 ȀĮĲĮıțİȣȒ ĮȞĲȚıĲȘȡȓȟİȦȞ Įʌȩ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȒ ... 16 5.1 ȀĮĲĮıțİȣȒ ĲȠȓȤȠȣ ĮȞĲȚıĲȒȡȚȟȘȢ Įʌȩ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȒ ... 16 5.2 ȀĮĲĮıțİȣȒ ıĲȡĮȖȖȚıĲȘȡȓȦȞ ... 21 5.3 ǹȞȠȤȑȢ ... 24 6 ǻȠțȚȝȑȢ țĮȚ ȑȜİȖȤȠȚ ... 24 6.1 ǹʌȠįȠȤȒ ĲİȜİȚȦȝȑȞȠȣ ȑȡȖȠȣ ĮȞĲȚıĲȘȡȓȟİȦȢ Įʌȩ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȒ ... 25 7 ǵȡȠȚ țĮȚ ĮʌĮȚĲȒıİȚȢ ȣȖİȓĮȢ – ĮıĳȐȜİȚĮȢ İȡȖĮȗȠȝȑȞȦȞ țĮȚ ʌȡȠıĲĮıȓĮȢ ʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞĲȠȢ 25 7.1 ȆȘȖȑȢ țȚȞįȪȞȠȣ țĮĲȐ ĲȘȞ İțĲȑȜİıȘ ĲȦȞ İȡȖĮıȚȫȞ ... 25 7.2 ȂȑĲȡĮ ȣȖȚİȚȞȒȢ - ĮıĳȐȜİȚĮȢ ... 25 8 ȉȡȩʌȠȢ İʌȚȝȑĲȡȘıȘȢ İȡȖĮıȚȫȞ ... 26 9 ǺȚȕȜȚȠȖȡĮĳȓĮ ... 28

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ǼȚıĮȖȦȖȒ

Ǿ ʌĮȡȠȪıĮ ǼȜȜȘȞȚțȒ ȉİȤȞȚțȒ ȆȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮĳȒ İȞĲȐııİĲĮȚ ıĲȘ ıİȚȡȐ ĲȦȞ Ȇ.Ǽ.ȉǼ.Ȇ ʌȠȣ ȑȤȠȣȞ ʌȡȠİĲȠȚȝĮıșİȓ Įʌȩ ĲȠ ȊȆǼȋȍǻǼ țĮȚ ĲȠ ǿȅȀ țĮȚ ȠȚ ȠʌȠȓİȢ ʌȡȩțİȚĲĮȚ ȞĮ İĳĮȡȝȠıĲȠȪȞ ıĲȘȞ țĮĲĮıțİȣȒ ĲȦȞ įȘȝȠıȓȦȞ ĲİȤȞȚțȫȞ ȑȡȖȦȞ ıĲȘȞ ȤȫȡĮ, ȝİ ıțȠʌȩ ĲȘȞ ʌĮȡĮȖȦȖȒ ȑȡȖȦȞ ȐȡĲȚȦȞ țĮȚ ȚțĮȞȫȞ ȞĮ ĮȞĲĮʌȠțȡȚșȠȪȞ țĮȚ ȞĮ ȚțĮȞȠʌȠȚȒıȠȣȞ ĲȚȢ ĮȞȐȖțİȢ ʌȠȣ ȣʌȑįİȚȟĮȞ ĲȘȞ țĮĲĮıțİȣȒ ĲȠȣȢ țĮȚ ȞĮ ĮʌȠȕȠȪȞ İʌȦĳİȜȒ ȖȚĮ ĲȠ țȠȚȞȦȞȚțȩ ıȪȞȠȜȠ. ȅ Ǽȁȅȉ ĮȞȑȜĮȕİ ĲȘȞ ȣʌȠȤȡȑȦıȘ ȞĮ İʌİȟİȡȖĮıșİȓ țĮȚ ȞĮ İțįȫıİȚ ĲȚȢ ȆǼȉǼȆ ȦȢ ǼȜȜȘȞȚțȑȢ ȉİȤȞȚțȑȢ ȆȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮĳȑȢ (Ǽȁȅȉ ȉȆ – ǼȉǼȆ) ıȪȝĳȦȞĮ ȝİ ĲȚȢ įȚĮįȚțĮıȓİȢ ʌȠȣ ʌȡȠȕȜȑʌȠȞĲĮȚ ıĲȠȞ ȀĮȞȠȞȚıȝȩ ıȪȞĲĮȟȘȢ țĮȚ ȑțįȠıȘȢ ǼȜȜȘȞȚțȫȞ ȆȡȠĲȪʌȦȞ țĮȚ ȆȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮĳȫȞ țĮȚ ıĲȠȞ ȀĮȞȠȞȚıȝȩ ıȪıĲĮıȘȢ țĮȚ ȜİȚĲȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ ȉİȤȞȚțȫȞ ȅȡȖȐȞȦȞ ȉȣʌȠʌȠȓȘıȘȢ.

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ǲȡȖĮ ĮȞĲȚıĲȘȡȓȟİȦȢ Įʌȩ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȒ

1 ǹȞĲȚțİȓȝİȞȠ

ȅȚ İȡȖĮıȓİȢ ʌȠȣ ʌȡȠįȚĮȖȡȐĳȠȞĲĮȚ ıĲȘȞ ʌĮȡȠȪıĮ ȆȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮĳȒ, ĮĳȠȡȠȪȞ ıĲȘȞ țĮĲĮıțİȣȒ ȑȡȖȦȞ ĮȞĲȚıĲȘȡȓȟİȦȢ Įʌȩ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȘ (reinforced soil) ȝİ ʌȚșĮȞȒ ĲĮȣĲȩȤȡȠȞȘ ȜİȚĲȠȣȡȖȓĮ ĲȠȣȢ țĮȚ ȦȢ ȑȡȖȦȞ ĮȞȐȜȘȥȘȢ İȟȦĲİȡȚțȫȞ ĳȠȡĲȓȦȞ șİȝİȜȓȦıȘȢ țĮĲĮıțİȣȫȞ (ʌ.Ȥ. ĮțȡȩȕĮșȡĮ ȖİĳȣȡȫȞ). ǼȞįİȚțĲȚțȑȢ ʌİȡȚʌĲȫıİȚȢ İĳĮȡȝȠȖȒȢ ȑȡȖȦȞ ĮȞĲȚıĲȒȡȚȟȘȢ Įʌȩ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȘ įİȓȤȞȠȞĲĮȚ ıĲȠ ıȤȒȝĮ 1. Ǿ ʌĮȡȠȪıĮ ȆȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮĳȒ įİȞ ĮĳȠȡȐ ĲȠȞ ȠʌȜȚıȝȩ ĳȣıȚțȫȞ İįĮĳȚțȫȞ ȣȜȚțȫȞ (ʌ.Ȥ. ȘȜȫıİȚȢ, ȕȜȘĲȡȫıİȚȢ țĮȚ ĮȖțȣȡȫıİȚȢ ĳȣıȚțȫȞ ʌȡĮȞȫȞ) țĮȚ ĲȘȞ İȞȓıȤȣıȘ İįĮĳȚțȫȞ ȣȜȚțȫȞ ȝİ ʌĮııȐȜȠȣȢ, ȝȚțȡȠʌĮııȐȜȠȣȢ, įȚĮĳȡĮȖȝĮĲȚțȠȪȢ ĲȠȓȤȠȣȢ Ȓ İȞİȝĮĲȫıİȚȢ.

2 ȉȣʌȠʌȠȚȘĲȚțȑȢ ʌĮȡĮʌȠȝʌȑȢ

Ǿ ʌĮȡȠȪıĮ ȆȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮĳȒ İȞıȦȝĮĲȫȞİȚ, ȝȑıȦ ʌĮȡĮʌȠȝʌȫȞ, ʌȡȠȕȜȑȥİȚȢ ȐȜȜȦȞ įȘȝȠıȚİȪıİȦȞ, ȤȡȠȞȠȜȠȖȘȝȑȞȦȞ Ȓ ȝȘ. ȅȚ ʌĮȡĮʌȠȝʌȑȢ ĮȣĲȑȢ ĮȞĮĳȑȡȠȞĲĮȚ ıĲĮ ĮȞĲȓıĲȠȚȤĮ ıȘȝİȓĮ ĲȠȣ țİȚȝȑȞȠȣ țĮȚ țĮĲȐȜȠȖȠȢ ĲȦȞ įȘȝȠıȚİȪıİȦȞ ĮȣĲȫȞ ʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİĲĮȚ ıĲȘ ıȣȞȑȤİȚĮ. ȆȡȠțİȚȝȑȞȠȣ ʌİȡȓ ʌĮȡĮʌȠȝʌȫȞ ıİ ȤȡȠȞȠȜȠȖȘȝȑȞİȢ įȘȝȠıȚİȪıİȚȢ, ĲȣȤȩȞ ȝİĲĮȖİȞȑıĲİȡİȢ ĲȡȠʌȠʌȠȚȒıİȚȢ Ȓ ĮȞĮșİȦȡȒıİȚȢ ĮȣĲȫȞ șĮ ȑȤȠȣȞ İĳĮȡȝȠȖȒ ıĲȘȞ ʌĮȡȠȪıĮ, ȩĲĮȞ șĮ İȞıȦȝĮĲȦșȠȪȞ ıİ ĮȣĲȒ, ȝİ ĲȡȠʌȠʌȠȓȘıȘ Ȓ ĮȞĮșİȫȡȘıȒ ĲȘȢ. ǵıȠȞ ĮĳȠȡȐ ĲȚȢ ʌĮȡĮʌȠȝʌȑȢ ıİ ȝȘ ȤȡȠȞȠȜȠȖȘȝȑȞİȢ įȘȝȠıȚİȪıİȚȢ ȚıȤȪİȚ Ș ĲİȜİȣĲĮȓĮ ȑțįȠıȒ ĲȠȣȢ.

Ǽȁȅȉ EN 10025.01 Hot rolled products of structural steels - Part 1 : General technical delivery conditions - ȆȡȠȧȩȞĲĮ șİȡȝȒȢ ȑȜĮıȘȢ ȖȚĮ ȤȐȜȣȕİȢ țĮĲĮıțİȣȫȞ - ȂȑȡȠȢ 1: īİȞȚțȠȓ ĲİȤȞȚțȠȓ ȩȡȠȚ ʌĮȡȐįȠıȘȢ

Ǽȁȅȉ EN 10025.02 Hot rolled products of structural steels - Part 2 : Technical delivery conditions

for non-alloy structural steels - ȆȡȠȧȩȞĲĮ șİȡȝȒȢ ȑȜĮıȘȢ ȖȚĮ ȤȐȜȣȕİȢ țĮĲĮıțİȣȫȞ - ȂȑȡȠȢ 2: ȉİȤȞȚțȠȓ ȩȡȠȚ ʌĮȡȐįȠıȘȢ ȖȚĮ ȝȘ țİțȡĮȝȑȞȠȣȢ ȤȐȜȣȕİȢ țĮĲĮıțİȣȫȞ

for normalized/normalized rolled weldable fine grain structural steelȆȡȠȧȩȞĲĮ șİȡȝȒȢ ȑȜĮıȘȢ ȖȚĮ ȤȐȜȣȕİȢ țĮĲĮıțİȣȫȞ - ȂȑȡȠȢ 3: ȉİȤȞȚțȠȓ ȩȡȠȚ

ʌĮȡȐįȠıȘȢ ȖȚĮ İȟȠȝĮȜȣıȝȑȞȠȣȢ/İȟȠȝĮȜȣıȝȑȞȠȣȢ İȜĮıȝȑȞȠȣȢ

ıȣȖțȠȜȜȒıȚȝȠȣȢ ȜİʌĲȩțȠțțȠȣȢ ȤȐȜȣȕİȢ țĮĲĮıțİȣȫȞ

for thermomechanical rolled weldable fine grain structural steels - ȆȡȠȧȩȞĲĮ șİȡȝȒȢ ȑȜĮıȘȢ ȖȚĮ ȤȐȜȣȕİȢ țĮĲĮıțİȣȫȞ - ȂȑȡȠȢ 4: ȉİȤȞȚțȠȓ ȩȡȠȚ ʌĮȡȐįȠıȘȢ ȖȚĮ șİȡȝȠȝȘȤĮȞȚțȐ İȜĮıȝȑȞȠȣȢ ıȣȖțȠȜȜȒıȚȝȠȣȢ ȜİʌĲȩțȠțțȠȣȢ ȤȐȜȣȕİȢ țĮĲĮıțİȣȫȞ

Ǽȁȅȉ EN ISO 10321 “ Geotextiles - Tensile test for joints/seams by wide-width method (ISO

10321:1992) -- īİȦȣĳȐıȝĮĲĮ. ǻȠțȚȝȒ İĳİȜțȣıĲȚțȒȢ ĮȞĲȠȤȒȢ ıȣįȑıİȦȞ ȝİ ĲȘȞ ȝȑșȠįȠ țĮĲȐ ʌȜȐĲȠȢ”.

Ǽȁȅȉ EN ISO 1461 E2 Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles -

Specifications and test methods - ǼʌȚțĮȜȪȥİȚȢ ȝİ ȖĮȜȕĮȞȚıȝȩ İȞ șİȡȝȫ İĲȠȓȝȦȞ ʌȡȠȧȩȞĲȦȞ Įʌȩ ıȓįȘȡȠ țĮȚ ȤȐȜȣȕĮ - ȆȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮĳȑȢ țĮȚ ȝȑșȠįȠȚ įȠțȚȝȫȞ

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Ǽȁȅȉ EN 10080 Steel for the reinforcement of concrete - Weldable reinforcing steel –

General ȋȐȜȣȕİȢ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ ıțȣȡȠįȑȝĮĲȠȢ - ȈȣȖțȠȜȜȒıȚȝȠȚ ȤȐȜȣȕİȢ -

īİȞȚțȑȢ ĮʌĮȚĲȒıİȚȢ

Ǽȁȅȉ EN 10218.01 Steel wire and wire products - General - Part 1 : Test methods - ȋĮȜȪȕįȚȞĮ

ıȪȡȝĮĲĮ țĮȚ ıȣȡȝȐĲȚȞĮ ʌȡȠȧȩȞĲĮ - īİȞȚțȐ - ȂȑȡȠȢ 1 : ȂȑșȠįȠȚ įȠțȚȝȫȞ

Ǽȁȅȉ EN 10218.02 Steel wire and wire products - General - Part 2: Wire dimensions and

tolerances - ȋĮȜȪȕįȚȞĮ ıȪȡȝĮĲĮ țĮȚ ʌȡȠȧȩȞĲĮ ıȣȡȝȐĲȦȞ - īİȞȚțȐ - ȂȑȡȠȢ 2: ǻȚĮıĲȐıİȚȢ țĮȚ ĮȞȠȤȑȢ ıȣȡȝȐĲȦȞ Ǽȁȅȉ EN 10223-3 ȋĮȜȪȕįȚȞĮ ıȪȡȝĮĲĮ țĮȚ ʌȡȠȧȩȞĲĮ ıȪȡȝĮĲȠȢ ȖȚĮ ĳȡȐțĲİȢ. - ȂȑȡȠȢ 3: ǼȟĮȖȦȞȚțȐ ȤĮȜȪȕįȚȞĮ ıȣȡȝĮĲȠʌȜȑȖȝĮĲĮ įȠȝȚțȫȞ ȑȡȖȦȞ. Ǽȁȅȉ EN 10244-1 ȋĮȜȪȕįȚȞĮ ıȪȡȝĮĲĮ țĮȚ ʌȡȠȧȩȞĲĮ ıȣȡȝȐĲȦȞ. ǼʌȚțĮȜȪȥİȚȢ ȤĮȜȪȕįȚȞȦȞ ıȣȡȝȐĲȦȞ ȝİ ȝȘ ıȚįȘȡȠȪȤĮ ȝȑĲĮȜȜĮ. - ȂȑȡȠȢ 1: īİȞȚțȑȢ ĮȡȤȑȢ. Ǽȁȅȉ EN 10244-2 ȋĮȜȪȕįȚȞĮ ıȪȡȝĮĲĮ țĮȚ ʌȡȠȧȩȞĲĮ ıȣȡȝȐĲȦȞ. ǼʌȚțĮȜȪȥİȚȢ ȤĮȜȪȕįȚȞȦȞ ıȣȡȝȐĲȦȞ ȝİ ȝȘ ıȚįȘȡȠȪȤĮ ȝȑĲĮȜȜĮ. - ȂȑȡȠȢ 2: ǼʌȚțĮȜȪȥİȚȢ ȥİȣįĮȡȖȪȡȠȣ Ȓ țȡĮȝȐĲȦȞ ȥİȣįĮȡȖȪȡȠȣ.

Ǽȁȅȉ Ǽȃ 10326 Continuously hot -dip coated strip and sheet of structural steels - Technical

delivery conditions - ǼʌȚțĮȜȣȝȝȑȞĮ ȤĮȜȣȕįȩĳȣȜȜĮ țĮȚ ȤĮȜȣȕįȠĲĮȚȞȓİȢ

țĮĲĮıțİȣȫȞ ȝİ ıȣȞİȤȒ İȝȕȐʌĲȚıȘ İȞ șİȡȝȫ - ȉİȤȞȚțȠȓ ȩȡȠȚ ʌĮȡȐįȠıȘȢ

Ǽȁȅȉ EN 13251/A1 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Required characteristics for use

in earthworks, foundations and retaining structures - īİȦȣĳȐıȝĮĲĮ țĮȚ ʌȡȠȧȩȞĲĮ ıȤİĲȚțȐ ȝİ ȖİȦȣĳȐıȝĮĲĮ - ǹʌĮȚĲȠȪȝİȞĮ ȤĮȡĮțĲȘȡȚıĲȚțȐ ȖȚĮ ȤȡȒıȘ ıİ ȤȦȝĮĲȠȣȡȖȚțȐ ȑȡȖĮ, șİȝİȜȚȫıİȚȢ țĮȚ țĮĲĮıțİȣȑȢ ĮȞĲȚıĲȒȡȚȟȘȢ

Ǽȁȅȉ EN 12224 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Determination of the resistance

to weathering - īİȦȨĳȐıȝĮĲĮ țĮȚ ʌȡȠȧȩȞĲĮ ıȤİĲȚțȐ ȝİ ȖİȦȨĳȐıȝĮĲĮ - ȆȡȠıįȚȠȡȚıȝȩȢ ĲȘȢ ĮȞĲȠȤȒȢ ıİ ȝİĲĮȕȠȜȑȢ ĲȦȞ țĮȚȡȚțȫȞ ıȣȞșȘțȫȞ

Ǽȁȅȉ EN 12225 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Methodd for determinining the

microbiological resistance by a soil burial test - īİȦȣĳȐıȝĮĲĮ țĮȚ ʌȡȠȧȩȞĲĮ ıȤİĲȚțȐ ȝİ ȖİȣĳȐıȝĮĲĮ - ȂȑșȠįȠȢ ʌȡȠıįȚȠȡȚıȝȠȪ ĲȘȢ ĮȞĲȓıĲĮıȘȢ ıĲȘ įȡȐıȘ ȝȚțȡȠȕȓȦȞ ȝİ ĲĮĳȒ

Ǽȁȅȉ EN ISO 10722 Geosynthetics - Index test procedure for the evaluation of mechanical

damage under repeated loading - Damage caused by granular material - īİȦıȣȞșİĲȚțȐ - ȂİșȠįȠȜȠȖȓĮ įȠțȚȝȒȢ İțĲȓȝȘıȘȢ ĲȘȢ ȝȘȤĮȞȚțȒȢ ĳșȠȡȐȢ ȣʌȩ İʌĮȞĮȜĮȝȕĮȞȩȝİȞȘ ĳȩȡĲȚıȘ - ĭșȠȡȐ Įʌȩ țȠțțȫįȘ ȣȜȚțȐ

Ǽȁȅȉ EN ISO 12957.01 Geosynthetics - Determination of friction characteristics - Part 1: Direct shear

test - īİȦıȣȞșİĲȚțȐ - ȆȡȠıįȚȠȡȚıȝȩȢ ĲȦȞ ȤĮȡĮțĲȘȡȚıĲȚțȫȞ ĲȡȚȕȒȢ - ȂȑȡȠȢ

1: ǻȠțȚȝȒ ȐȝİıȘȢ įȚȐĲȝȘıȘȢ

Ǽȁȅȉ EN ISO 12957.02 Geosynthetics - Determination of friction characteristics - Part 2: Inclined plane test - īİȦıȣȞșİĲȚțȐ - ȆȡȠıįȚȠȡȚıȝȩȢ ĲȦȞ ȤĮȡĮțĲȘȡȚıĲȚțȫȞ ĲȡȚȕȒȢ - ȂȑȡȠȢ 2: ǻȠțȚȝȒ ıİ țİțȜȚȝȑȞȠ İʌȓʌİįȠ

ISO 13431 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products -- Determination of tensile creep

and creep rupture behaviour

Ǽȁȅȉ EN 14475. Execution of special geotechnical works - Reinforced fill - ǼțĲȑȜİıȘ İȚįȚțȫȞ

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Ǽȁȅȉ EN 1997-1 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design - Part 1: General rules -- ǼȣȡȦțȫįȚțĮȢ 7: īİȦĲİȤȞȚțȩȢ ıȤİįȚĮıȝȩȢ - ȂȑȡȠȢ 1: īİȞȚțȠȓ țĮȞȩȞİȢ.

Ǽȁȅȉ ȉȆ 1501-02-07-01 Construction of embankments with suitable excavation or borrow materials -

ȀĮĲĮıțİȣȒ İʌȚȤȦȝȐĲȦȞ ȝİ țĮĲȐȜȜȘȜĮ ʌȡȠȧȩȞĲĮ İțıțĮĳȫȞ Ȓ įĮȞİȚȠșĮȜȐȝȦȞ

Ǽȁȅȉ ǼN 863 Protective clothing - Mechanical properties - Test method: Puncture

resistance - ȆȡȠıĲĮĲİȣĲȚțȒ İȞįȣȝĮıȓĮ. ȂȘȤĮȞȚțȑȢ ȚįȚȩĲȘĲİȢ. ǻȠțȚȝȒ ĮȞĲȠȤȒȢ ıİ įȚȐĲȡȘıȘ.

Ǽȁȅȉ EN 397 ǹ/1 Industrial safety helmets (Amendment A1: 2000) - ȀȡȐȞȘ ʌȡȠıĲĮıȓĮȢ.

Ǽȁȅȉ EN 388 Ǽ2 Protective gloves against mechanical risks -- īȐȞĲȚĮ ʌȡȠıĲĮıȓĮȢ ȑȞĮȞĲȚ

ȝȘȤĮȞȚțȫȞ țȚȞįȪȞȦȞ

Ǽȁȅȉ EN ISO 20345 Safety Footwear for Professional Use - ȊʌȠįȒȝĮĲĮ ĮıĳĮȜİȓĮȢ ȖȚĮ

İʌĮȖȖİȜȝĮĲȚțȒ ȤȡȒıȘ

3 ǵȡȠȚ țĮȚ ȠȡȚıȝȠȓ

Ǿ ʌĮȡȠȪıĮ ȆȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮĳȒ įİȞ țȐȞİȚ ȤȡȒıȘ ȩȡȦȞ țĮȚ ȠȡȚıȝȫȞ, ȠȚ ȠʌȠȓȠȚ ȞĮ İȓȞĮȚ ĮȞĮȖțĮȓȠȚ ȖȚĮ ĲȘȞ țĮĲĮȞȩȘıȘ țĮȚ İĳĮȡȝȠȖȒ ĲȠȣ țİȚȝȑȞȠȣ ĲȘȢ. 3.1 TĮȟȚȞȩȝȘıȘ țĮȚ ȤĮȡĮțĲȘȡȚıĲȚțȐ ĲȦȞ ȑȡȖȦȞ ĮȞĲȚıĲȒȡȚȟȘȢ Įʌȩ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȘ 3.1.1 ȉĮȟȚȞȩȝȘıȘ ȝİ ȕȐıȘ ĲȚȢ ıȣȞȑʌİȚİȢ Įʌȩ ȝȓĮ ʌȚșĮȞȒ ĮıĲȠȤȓĮ ĲȦȞ ȑȡȖȦȞ ĮȞĲȚıĲȒȡȚȟȘȢ ȅȚ țĮĲĮıțİȣȑȢ ĮȞĲȚıĲȘȡȓȟİȦȢ ȝİ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȘ İȓȞĮȚ įȣȞĮĲȩȞ ȞĮ įȚĮȤȦȡȚıșȠȪȞ ıİ İʌȚȝȑȡȠȣȢ țĮĲȘȖȠȡȓİȢ, ĮȞĮȜȩȖȦȢ ĲȦȞ ıȣȞİʌİȚȫȞ, ʌȠȣ șĮ ȒĲĮȞ įȣȞĮĲȩȞ ȞĮ ʌȡȠțȜȘșȠȪȞ Įʌȩ ȝȓĮ ʌȚșĮȞȒ ĮıĲȠȤȓĮ țĮȚ Įʌȩ ĲȘȞ ĲİȤȞȚțȒ įȚȐȡțİȚĮ ȗȦȒȢ ĲȘȢ țĮĲĮıțİȣȒȢ. ȅȚ țĮĲȘȖȠȡȓİȢ ĮȣĲȑȢ ıȣȞȠȥȓȗȠȞĲĮȚ ıĲȠȞ ȆȓȞĮțĮ 1 : ȆȓȞĮțĮȢ 1 - ȀĮĲȘȖȠȡȓİȢ ȑȡȖȦȞ ĮȞĲȚıĲȘȡȓȟİȦȢ ȝİ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȘ (Ǽȁȅȉ EN 14475, Ǽȁȅȉ EN 1997-1) ȉİȤȞȚțȒ įȚȐȡțİȚĮ ȗȦȒȢ ȈʌȠȣįĮȚȩĲȘĲĮ Įʌȩ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞȘ ĮıĲȠȤȓĮ 1(ʌİȡȚȠȡȚıȝȑȞİȢ ıȣȞȑʌİȚİȢ) 2 (ȝȑĲȡȚİȢ ıȣȞȑʌİȚİȢ) 3 (ıȠȕĮȡȑȢ ıȣȞȑʌİȚİȢ) 0 ǺȠȘșȘĲȚțȐ ȑȡȖĮ țĮĲȐ ĲȘȞ țĮĲĮıțİȣȒ (2-5 ȑĲȘ) 1 ȆȡȠıȦȡȚȞȩ ȑȡȖȠ (10 ȑĲȘ) 2. ǹȞĲȚțĮĲĮıĲȐıȚȝĮ ıĲȠȚȤİȓĮ (25ȑĲȘ) 3 ǻİȣĲİȡİȪȠȣıĮȢ ıȘȝĮıȓĮȢ țĮĲĮıțİȣȑȢ (25ȑĲȘ) 4. ȈȣȞȒșȘ ȑȡȖĮ (50 ȑĲȘ) 5. ȈȘȝĮȞĲȚțȐ ȑȡȖĮ (100ȑĲȘ)

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ȈȤȒȝĮ 1 - ȆİȡȚʌĲȫıİȚȢ ȑȡȖȦȞ ĮȞĲȚıĲȘȡȓȟİȦȢ Įʌȩ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȘ 3.1.2 ȋĮȡĮțĲȘȡȚıĲțȐ ĲȦȞ ȑȡȖȦȞ ĮȞĲȚıĲȒȡȚȟȘȢ Įʌȩ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȒ Ǿ țĮĲĮıțİȣȒ ȑȡȖȦȞ ĮȞĲȚıĲȘȡȓȟİȦȢ Įʌȩ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȘ (reinforced soil) ȑȤİȚ ıțȠʌȩ İȞȓȠĲİ ĲȘȞ ʌȚșĮȞȒ ĲĮȣĲȩȤȡȠȞȘ ȜİȚĲȠȣȡȖȓĮ ĲȠȣȢ țĮȚ ȦȢ ȑȡȖȦȞ ĮȞȐȜȘȥȘȢ İȟȦĲİȡȚțȫȞ ĳȠȡĲȓȦȞ șİȝİȜȓȦıȘȢ įȚȐĳȠȡȦȞ țĮĲĮıțİȣȫȞ (ʌ.Ȥ. ĮțȡȩȕĮșȡĮ ȖİĳȣȡȫȞ) (ȈȤȒȝĮ 1). ȉĮ ȑȡȖĮ ĮȞĲȚıĲȘȡȓȟİȦȢ ȝİ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȘ țĮĲĮıțİȣȐȗȠȞĲĮȚ ȝİ ĲȘȞ İȞıȦȝȐĲȦıȘ ȣȜȚțȫȞ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ Įʌȩ ȤȐȜȣȕĮ Ȓ ȖİȦıȣȞșİĲȚțȐ ȣȜȚțȐ (įȘȜ. ȝİĲĮȜȜȚțȑȢ ȜȦȡȓįİȢ, ȝİĲĮȜȜȚțȐ ʌȜȑȖȝĮĲĮ, ȖİȦȨĳȐıȝĮĲĮ țĮȚ ȖİȦʌȜȑȖȝĮĲĮ) ıİ İįĮĳȚțȐ ȣȜȚțȐ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ țĮĲȐ ĲȘ įȚȐȡțİȚĮ ĲȘȢ țĮĲĮıțİȣȒȢ ĲȦȞ ıĲȡȫıİȦȞ ĲȘȢ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ. ȈĲȘȞ İʌȚĳȐȞİȚĮ ĲȠȣ įȚĮȝȠȡĳȦȝȑȞȠȣ ʌȡĮȞȠȪȢ (ȝİ ȖȦȞȓĮ ȦȢ ʌȡȠȢ ĲȘȞ ȠȡȚȗȩȞĲȚȠ 700 ) țĮĲĮıțİȣȐȗİĲĮȚ İʌȚĳĮȞİȚĮțȒ ȐțĮȝʌĲȘ Ȓ İȪțĮȝʌĲȘ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘ ȖȚĮ ĲȘȞ İȟȦĲİȡȚțȒ ĮȖțȪȡȦıȘ ĲȠȣ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ ĮȜȜȐ țĮȚ ȖȚĮ ĮȚıșȘĲȚțȠȪȢ ȜȩȖȠȣȢ (įȚĮȝȩȡĳȦıȘ ȠȝĮȜȒȢ İʌȚĳȐȞİȚĮȢ). Ǿ ȐțĮȝʌĲȘ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘ ȝʌȠȡİȓ ȞĮ ĮʌȠĲİȜİȓĲĮȚ Įʌȩ

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ȑȞĮ ıȣȞİȤȑȢ ıĲȠȚȤİȓȠ (ıİ ȩȜȠ ĲȠ ȪȥȠȢ ĮȞĲȚıĲȒȡȚȟȘȢ) Ȓ Įʌȩ įȚĮțȡȚĲȐ ıĲȠȚȤİȓĮ (ıİ İʌȚȝȑȡȠȣȢ ĲȝȒȝĮĲĮ ĲȠȣ ıȣȞȠȜȚțȠȪ ȪȥȠȣȢ ĮȞĲȚıĲȒȡȚȟȘȢ) Įʌȩ ıțȣȡȩįİȝĮ, İțĲȠȟİȣȩȝİȞȠ ıțȣȡȩįİȝĮ, ȝİĲĮȜȜȚțȐ ĳȪȜȜĮ, ȝİĲĮȜȜȚțȐ ʌȜȑȖȝĮĲĮ, ȟȪȜȠ Ȓ Įʌȩ ıȣȞįȣĮıȝȩ ĲȦȞ ĮȞȦĲȑȡȦ (ȈȤȒȝĮ 2a, 2b). Ǿ İȪțĮȝʌĲȘ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘ ʌİȡȚȜĮȝȕȐȞİȚ ıĲȠȚȤİȓĮ, ĲĮ ȠʌȠȓĮ ıȣȞȚıĲȠȪȞ ʌİȡȚİȜȚııȩȝİȞİȢ İʌİțĲȐıİȚȢ ĲȦȞ ıĲȡȫıİȦȞ ĲȦȞ ıȣȞșİĲȚțȫȞ ıĲȠȚȤİȓȦȞ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ, ȠȚ ȠʌȠȓİȢ ʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȣȞ İȟȦĲİȡȚțȫȢ ĲĮ ȣȜȚțȐ ĲȘȢ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ (ȈȤȒȝĮ 2c). ȈĲĮ İȪțĮȝʌĲĮ ıĲȠȚȤİȓĮ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘȢ ʌİȡȚȜĮȝȕȐȞȠȞĲĮȚ İʌȓıȘȢ țĮȚ ȠȚ İʌȚțĮȜȪȥİȚȢ ıȣȡȝĮĲȠțȚȕȫĲȚĮ ȝİ Ȓ ȤȦȡȓȢ ĮȖțȪȡȦıȘ ıĲȠ ıȫȝĮ ĲȠȣ ĮȞĲȚıĲȘȡȚȗȩȝİȞȠȣ İįȐĳȠȣȢ, țĮșȫȢ țĮȚ ȣȕȡȚįȚțȑȢ țĮĲĮıțİȣȑȢ ȝİ ĮȞȠȚțĲȐ ʌȡȠțĮĲĮıțİȣĮıȝȑȞĮ ĲİȝȐȤȚĮ țĮȚ ĳȪĲİȣıȘ. ȈȤȒȝĮ 2 - ȉȪʌȠȚ İʌȚĳĮȞİȚĮțȒȢ țȐȜȣȥȘȢ ȑȡȖȦȞ ĮȞĲȚıĲȒȡȚȟȘȢ Įʌȩ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȒ. Ȃİ ĲȠȣȢ ĮȞȦĲȑȡȦ ĲȡȩʌȠȣȢ ȝʌȠȡȠȪȞ ȞĮ įȚĮȝȠȡĳȦșȠȪȞ ĲȠȓȤȠȚ ĮȞĲȚıĲȘȡȓȟİȦȢ ȝİ țĮĲĮțȩȡȣĳȘ Ȓ ʌȠȜȪ ĮʌȩĲȠȝȘ țȜȓıȘ ( 700 ), įȘȜĮįȒ ʌȚȠ ĮʌȩĲȠȝȘ Įʌȩ ĲȘȞ İȣıĲĮșȒ țȜȓıȘ ĲȠȣ İȜİȪșİȡȠȣ (ĮȞȣʌȠıĲȒȡȚțĲȠȣ) ʌȡĮȞȠȪȢ. ȉȠȞȓȗİĲĮȚ ȩĲȚ ȜȩȖȦ ĲȘȢ įȚĮȝȩȡĳȦıȘȢ ĲȦȞ İʌȚȤȦȝȐĲȦȞ ȝİ ʌȠȜȪ ĮʌȩĲȠȝĮ ʌȡĮȞȒ, ȠȚ ĲȐıİȚȢ ʌȠȣ ĮıțȠȪȞĲĮȚ ıĲȘ șİȝİȜȓȦıȘ ĲȠȣ İʌȚȤȫȝĮĲȠȢ İȓȞĮȚ ĮȣȟȘȝȑȞİȢ țĮȚ ıȣȞİʌȫȢ ȠȚ ȑȜİȖȤȠȚ İȣıĲȐșİȚĮȢ țĮȚ ʌĮȡĮȝȠȡĳȫıİȦȞ ĲȠȣ İįȐĳȠȣȢ șİȝİȜȓȦıȘȢ ĮʌȠțĲȠȪȞ İȟĮȚȡİĲȚțȒ ıȘȝĮıȓĮ. ȉĮ ĮȞȦĲȑȡȦ İʌȚĲİȓȞȠȞĲĮȚ țĮȚ Įʌȩ ĲȠ ȖİȖȠȞȩȢ ȩĲȚ İʌȚȤȫȝĮĲĮ Įʌȩ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȒ ıȣȞȒșȦȢ țĮĲĮıțİȣȐȗȠȞĲĮȚ ıİ İȞĲȩȞȦȢ İʌȚțȜȚȞȒ İįȐĳȘ Ȓ ıİ ȝĮȜĮțȐ țĮȚ ıȣȝʌȚİıĲȐ İįȐĳȘ. ȅȚ ʌĮȡȐȖȠȞĲİȢ, ȠȚ ȠʌȠȓȠȚ İʌȘȡİȐȗȠȣȞ ĲȘ įȚĮȤȡȠȞȚțȒ ıȣȝʌİȡȚĳȠȡȐ İȞȩȢ ȑȡȖȠȣ ĮȞĲȚıĲȒȡȚȟȘȢ ȝİ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȘ ʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȞĲĮȚ ıĲȠȞ ȆȓȞĮțĮ 2. ȅȚ İȞ ȜȩȖȦ ʌĮȡȐȖȠȞĲİȢ İȟĮȡĲȫȞĲĮȚ Įʌȩ ĲȘȞ ĮțȠȜȠȣșȠȪȝİȞȘ ȝİșȠįȠȜȠȖȓĮ țĮĲĮıțİȣȒȢ, Įʌȩ ĲĮ ȤĮȡĮțĲȘȡȚıĲȚțȐ ĲȦȞ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȠȪȝİȞȦȞ İįĮĳȚțȫȞ ȣȜȚțȫȞ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ țĮȚ ĲȦȞ ıĲȠȚȤİȓȦȞ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ, ĮȜȜȐ țĮȚ Įʌȩ ĲȘȞ İʌȓįȡĮıȘ İȟȦȖİȞȫȞ ʌĮȡĮȖȩȞĲȦȞ, ȩʌȦȢ İȓȞĮȚ ȠȚ İȟȦĲİȡȚțȑȢ ĳȠȡĲȓıİȚȢ țĮȚ Ș ĮȞȐʌĲȣȟȘ ȣįĮĲȚțȫȞ ʌȚȑıİȦȞ ʌȩȡȦȞ.

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ȆȓȞĮțĮȢ 2 - ȆĮȡȐȖȠȞĲİȢ ʌȠȣ İʌȘȡİȐȗȠȣȞ ĲȘ įȚĮȤȡȠȞȚțȒ ıȣȝʌİȡȚĳȠȡȐ ȑȡȖȦȞ ĮȞĲȚıĲȒȡȚȟȘȢ ȝİ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȘ. ȈĲȠȚȤİȓĮ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ ǼįĮĳȚțȐ ȣȜȚțȐ ȉİȤȞȠȜȠȖȓĮ țĮĲĮıțİȣȒȢ ȈȪȞșİıȘ ǹȞșİțĲȚțȩĲȘĲĮ ȉȪʌȠȢ ǿįȚȩĲȘĲİȢ İʌȚĳĮȞİȓĮȢ ǻȚĮıĲȐıİȚȢ ǹȞĲȠȤȒ ǹțĮȝȥȓĮ ȂȑȖİșȠȢ țĮȚ ıȤȒȝĮ țȩțțȦȞ ȀȠțțȠȝİĲȡȓĮ ǵȡȚĮ ıȣȞİțĲȚțȩĲȘĲĮȢ ȅȡȣțĲȠȜȠȖȚțȒ ıȪıĲĮıȘ ǹȞșİțĲȚțȩĲȘĲĮ ȂȑșȠįȠȢ țĮĲĮıțİȣȒȢ ǼȡȖĮıȓİȢ ıȣȝʌȪțȞȦıȘȢ ǻȚĮȤİȓȡȚıȘȢ ǻȚȐĲĮȟȘ ıĲȠȚȤİȓȦȞ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ ȀĮĲȐıĲĮıȘ İįĮĳȚțȫȞ ȣȜȚțȫȞ ǲȡȖȠ ĮȞĲȚıĲȒȡȚȟȘȢ ȝİ _{ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȘ} ȉȠʌȠșȑĲȘıȘ ǹʌȠıĲȐıİȚȢ ȆȡȠıĮȞĮĲȠȜȚıȝȩȢ ȆȣțȞȩĲȘĲĮ ǼȞĲĮĲȚțȒ țĮĲȐıĲĮıȘ ǺĮșȝȩȢ țȠȡİıȝȠȪ ȈȣȞșȒțİȢ ıĲȡĮȖȖȓıİȦȢ īİȦȝİĲȡȓĮ ȈȣȞșȒțİȢ șİȝİȜȓȦıȘȢ ȋȡȒıȘ

4 ǹʌĮȚĲȒıİȚȢ

4.1 AʌĮȚĲȒıİȚȢ İȞıȦȝĮĲȠȪȝİȞȦȞ ȣȜȚțȫȞ ȉĮ İȞıȦȝĮĲȠȪȝİȞĮ Ȓ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȠȪȝİȞĮ ȣȜȚțȐ İȓȞĮȚ: x ǼįĮĳȚțȐ ȣȜȚțȐ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ. ȉĮ ȣȜȚțȐ ĮȣĲȐ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ ȚțĮȞȠʌȠȚȠȪȞ ĲĮ țȡȚĲȒȡȚĮ ĮʌȠįȠȤȒȢ ĲȘȢ ʌĮȡȠȪıȘȢ ĲİȤȞȚțȒȢ ʌȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮĳȒȢ țĮȚ ĲȚȢ ĮʌĮȚĲȒıİȚȢ ĲȘȢ ȝİȜȑĲȘȢ ȦȢ ʌȡȠȢ ĲȘȞ ʌȡȠȑȜİȣıȘ, țȠțțȠȝİĲȡȚțȒ įȚĮȕȐșȝȚıȘ, ʌȜĮıĲȚțȩĲȘĲĮ, ȤȘȝȚțȑȢ țĮȚ ȘȜİțĲȡȠȤȘȝȚțȑȢ ȚįȚȩĲȘĲİȢ, ĮȞĲȠȤȒ, ĮȜȜȐ țĮȚ ȣȖȡĮıȓĮ ıȣȝʌȪțȞȦıȘȢ țĮȚ ĲȡȩʌȠ ıȣȝʌȪțȞȦıȘȢ (ʌȐȤȠȢ ıĲȡȫıİȦȞ, İʌȚșȣȝȘĲȒ ʌȣțȞȩĲȘĲĮ țĮȚ ȝȑșȠįȠ ıȣȝʌȪțȞȦıȘȢ). x ȅʌȜȚıȝȩȢ. ȈĲȠȚȤİȓĮ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ Įʌȩ ȝİĲĮȜȜȚțȑȢ (ıȣȞȒșȦȢ ȤĮȜȪȕįȚȞİȢ) ĲĮȚȞȓİȢ Ȓ ȡȐȕįȠȣȢ Ȓ ʌȜȑȖȝĮĲĮ Ȓ țĮȚ Įʌȩ ȖİȦıȣȞșİĲȚțȐ ȣȜȚțȐ (ʌȠȜȣȝİȡȒ) ȝİ ĲȘȞ ȝȠȡĳȒ ĲĮȚȞȚȫȞ Ȓ ʌȜİȖȝȐĲȦȞ. ȉĮ ȖİȦıȣȞșİĲȚțȐ ʌȠȜȣȝİȡȒ ıĲȠȚȤİȓĮ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ ȝʌȠȡİȓ ȞĮ İȓȞĮȚ ȖİȦȣĳȐıȝĮĲĮ (woven geotextiles) Ȓ ȖİȦʌȜȑȖȝĮĲĮ (geogrids) Ȓ ȖİȦįȓțĲȣĮ (geonets). ȉĮ ȣȜȚțȐ țĮĲĮıțİȣȒȢ ĲȦȞ ıĲȠȚȤİȓȦȞ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ șĮ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ ȚțĮȞȠʌȠȚȠȪȞ ĲĮ țȡȚĲȒȡȚĮ ĮʌȠįȠȤȒȢ ĲȘȢ ʌĮȡȠȪıȘȢ ĲİȤȞȚțȒȢ ʌȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮĳȒȢ țĮȚ ĲȚȢ ĮʌĮȚĲȒıİȚȢ ĲȘȢ ȝİȜȑĲȘȢ ȦȢ ʌȡȠȢ: (Į) ĲȘȞ ʌȠȚȩĲȘĲĮ țĮȚ ĲȘȞ ĮȞĲȓıĲȠȚȤȘ ĮȞĲȠȤȒ ĲȠȣȢ ıİ İĳİȜțȣıȝȩ, įȚȐĲȝȘıȘ, țȐȝȥȘ țĮȚ įȚȐȕȡȦıȘ (İȚįȚțȐ ȖȚĮ ĲĮ ȝİĲĮȜȜȚțȐ ıĲȠȚȤİȓĮ), ĮȜȜȐ țĮȚ ȦȢ ʌȡȠȢ ĲȘ ȝĮțȡȠȤȡȩȞȚĮ ıȣȝʌİȡȚĳȠȡȐ ĲȦȞ ĮȞĲȚıĲȠȓȤȦȞ ȚįȚȠĲȒĲȦȞ (İȚįȚțȐ ȖȚĮ ĲĮ ʌȠȜȣȝİȡȒ ıĲȠȚȤİȓĮ) țĮȚ (ȕ) ĲȘȞ ĮȞȐʌĲȣȟȘ ĲȠȣ ȝȘȤĮȞȚıȝȠȪ ĲȘȢ ĮȜȜȘȜİʌȓįȡĮıȘȢ ĲȠȣȢ ȝİ ĲȠ ʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞ İįĮĳȚțȩ ȣȜȚțȩ. x ȊȜȚțȐ İʌȚĳĮȞİȚĮțȒȢ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘȢ. ȈĲȠȚȤİȓĮ İʌȚĳĮȞİȚĮțȒȢ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘȢ (facing elements) ȖȚĮ ĲȘȞ İȟȦĲİȡȚțȒ ĮȖțȪȡȦıȘ țĮȚ ʌȡȠıĲĮıȓĮ ĲȠȣ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ ĮȜȜȐ țĮȚ ȖȚĮ ȜİȚĲȠȣȡȖȚțȠȪȢ țĮȚ ĮȚıșȘĲȚțȠȪȢ ȜȩȖȠȣȢ (įȚĮȝȩȡĳȦıȘ ȠȝĮȜȒȢ İʌȚĳȐȞİȚĮȢ). ȉĮ ıĲȠȚȤİȓĮ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘȢ İȓȞĮȚ: (Į) İȪțĮȝʌĲĮ ıĲȠȚȤİȓĮ Įʌȩ ıȣȞșİĲȚțȐ ȣȜȚțȐ (ʌȠȜȣȝİȡȒ) Ȓ ıȣȡȝĮĲȩʌȜİȖȝĮ ʌȠȣ ʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȣȞ İȟȦĲİȡȚțȫȢ ĲĮ ȣȜȚțȐ ĲȘȢ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ İȓĲİ (ȕ) ȐțĮȝʌĲĮ ıĲȠȚȤİȓĮ Įʌȩ İțĲȠȟİȣȩȝİȞȠ ıțȣȡȩįİȝĮ Ȓ ʌȡȠțĮĲĮıțİȣĮıȝȑȞĮ ıĲȠȚȤİȓĮ Įʌȩ ıțȣȡȩįİȝĮ, ȝİĲĮȜȜȚțȐ ĳȪȜȜĮ Ȓ ʌȜȑȖȝĮĲĮ, ȟȪȜȠ Ȓ ıȣȞįȣĮıȝȩ ĲȦȞ ĮȞȦĲȑȡȦ. ǼʌȚıȘȝĮȓȞİĲĮȚ ȩĲȚ ıĲĮ İȪțĮȝʌĲĮ ıĲȠȚȤİȓĮ ʌİȡȚȜĮȝȕȐȞȠȞĲĮȚ țĮȚ ȠȚ İʌȚțĮȜȪȥİȚȢ ȝİ ıȣȡȝĮĲȠțȚȕȫĲȚĮ (gabions). ȈĲȠȚȤİȓĮ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘȢ ĮʌĮȚĲȠȪȞĲĮȚ ıİ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞĮ İʌȚȤȫȝĮĲĮ ȝİ țȜȓıȘ ʌȡĮȞȠȪȢ ȐȞȦ ĲȦȞ 70 ȝȠȚȡȫȞ. ǵȜĮ ĲĮ İȞıȦȝĮĲȠȪȝİȞĮ ȣȜȚțȐ țĮȚ ʌȡȠȧȩȞĲĮ șĮ ĮțȠȜȠȣșȠȪȞ ĲĮ ıȤİĲȚțȐ ȆȡȩĲȣʌĮ țĮȚ, ȩʌȠȣ įİȞ ȣĳȓıĲĮȞĲĮȚ ĲȑĲȠȚĮ șĮ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ ȚțĮȞȠʌȠȚȠȪȞ ĲĮ țȡȚĲȒȡȚĮ ĮʌȠįȠȤȒȢ ĲȘȢ ʌĮȡȠȪıĮȢ ȆȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮĳȒȢ. 4.1.1 ǼįĮĳȚțȐ ȣȜȚțȐ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ

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īȚĮ ȩȜİȢ ĲȚȢ țĮĲȘȖȠȡȓİȢ ȑȡȖȦȞ ĮȞĲȚıĲȘȡȓȟİȦȢ Įʌȩ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȘ ĲȠȣ ȆȓȞĮțĮ 1, ĲĮ ȣȜȚțȐ ĮȣĲȐ İȓȞĮȚ ıȣȞȒșȦȢ țȠțțȫįȘ, ȝİ țĮȜȒ țȠțțȠȝİĲȡȚțȒ įȚĮȕȐșȝȚıȘ țĮȚ įİȞ ʌȡȠȑȡȤȠȞĲĮȚ Įʌȩ İȪșȡȣʌĲĮ ȣȜȚțȐ (İțĲȩȢ İȐȞ ĲȠȪĲȠ ĮȞĲȚȝİĲȦʌȓȗİĲĮȚ ıĲȘ ȝİȜȑĲȘ ȝİ țĮĲȐȜȜȘȜȠ ĲȡȩʌȠ įȚȐıĲȡȦıȘȢ, ȪȖȡĮȞıȘȢ țĮȚ ıȣȝʌȪțȞȦıȘȢ). īİȞȚțȐ ĲĮ ȣȜȚțȐ șĮ ĮȞĲĮʌȠțȡȓȞȠȞĲĮȚ ıĲȚȢ ĮʌĮȚĲȒıİȚȢ ĲȠȣ ȆȡȠĲȪʌȠȣ Ǽȁȅȉ ȉȆ 1501-02-07-01 ȖȚĮ ĲĮ ȐȠʌȜĮ İʌȚȤȫȝĮĲĮ. Ǿ ȤȡȒıȘ țĮȚ ĮȡȖȚȜȚțȫȞ ȣȜȚțȫȞ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ, șĮ ȣʌȩțİȚĲĮȚ ıĲȠȣȢ ʌİȡȚȠȡȚıȝȠȪȢ ʌȠȣ ʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİȚ ĲȠ ȆȡȩĲȣʌȠ Ǽȁȅȉ EN 14475. ȉĮ ȣȜȚțȐ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ șĮ ĮțȠȜȠȣșȠȪȞ ĲȚȢ ĮʌĮȚĲȒıİȚȢ ĲȘȢ ȝİȜȑĲȘȢ ȦȢ ʌȡȠȢ ĲȘȞ ʌȡȠȑȜİȣıȘ, țȠțțȠȝİĲȡȚțȒ įȚĮȕȐșȝȚıȘ, ĮȞĲȠȤȒ ıİ ʌĮȖİĲȩ, ʌȜĮıĲȚțȩĲȘĲĮ, İȜȐȤȚıĲȘ ȖȦȞȓĮ įȚĮĲȝȘĲȚțȒȢ ĮȞĲȠȤȒȢ (ȖȦȞȓĮ ĲȡȚȕȒȢ), ȣȖȡĮıȓĮ ıȣȝʌȪțȞȦıȘȢ țĮȚ ĲȡȩʌȠ įȚȐıĲȡȦıȘȢ țĮȚ ıȣȝʌȪțȞȦıȘȢ (ʌȐȤȠȢ ıĲȡȫıİȦȞ, İʌȚșȣȝȘĲȒ ʌȣțȞȩĲȘĲĮ țĮȚ ʌȚșĮȞȫȢ ĲȘȞ ȝȑșȠįȠ ıȣȝʌȪțȞȦıȘȢ). ȈȘȝİȚȫȞİĲĮȚ ȩĲȚ ıĲȘȞ ʌİȡȓʌĲȦıȘ ȤȡȒıȘȢ ȖİȦıȣȞșİĲȚțȫȞ ȣȜȚțȫȞ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ (ʌȠȜȣȝİȡȒ) Ș ȝȑȖȚıĲȘ įȚȐıĲĮıȘ ĲȦȞ İįĮĳȚțȫȞ țȩțțȦȞ țĮȚ Ș ĲȡĮȤȪĲȘĲȐ ĲȠȣȢ ĮʌȠĲİȜȠȪȞ ıȘȝĮȞĲȚțȠȪȢ ʌĮȡȐȖȠȞĲİȢ ĮʌȠįȠȤȒȢ (ȜȩȖȦ ʌȚșĮȞȩĲȘĲĮȢ ʌȡȩțȜȘıȘȢ ȝȘȤĮȞȚțȒȢ ĳșȠȡȐȢ ıĲȠȞ ȠʌȜȚıȝȩ). ǼʌȚʌȜȑȠȞ, ĲĮ ȣȜȚțȐ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ șĮ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ ȑȤȠȣȞ ĳȣıȚțȑȢ, ȤȘȝȚțȑȢ, ȘȜİțĲȡȠ-ȤȘȝȚțȑȢ, ȕȚȠȜȠȖȚțȑȢ țĮȚ ȝȘȤĮȞȚțȑȢ ȚįȚȩĲȘĲİȢ ıȣȝȕĮĲȑȢ ȝİ ĲĮ ȣȜȚțȐ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ țĮȚ İʌȚĳĮȞİȚĮțȒȢ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘȢ ȫıĲİ ȞĮ ĮʌȠĳİȣȤșȠȪȞ ȝĮțȡȠȤȡȩȞȚİȢ įȣıȝİȞİȓȢ İʌȚįȡȐıİȚȢ ıĲȠȞ ȠʌȜȚıȝȩ. Ȉİ ʌİȡȓʌĲȦıȘ ȩʌȠȣ ĲȠȪĲȠ įİȞ İȓȞĮȚ İĳȚțĲȩ, Ƞ ȠʌȜȚıȝȩȢ țĮȚ Ș İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘ șĮ ʌȡȠıĲĮĲİȪȠȞĲĮȚ țĮĲȐȜȜȘȜĮ. ȁȩȖȦ ĲȦȞ ĮȞȦĲȑȡȦ ĮʌĮȚĲȒıİȦȞ, ıȣȤȞȐ ȣȜȚțȐ ʌȠȣ İȓȞĮȚ țĮĲȐȜȜȘȜĮ ȖȚĮ ıȣȞȒșȘ İʌȚȤȫȝĮĲĮ įİȞ İȓȞĮȚ țĮĲȐȜȜȘȜĮ ȖȚĮ ĲȘȞ țĮĲĮıțİȣȒ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȦȞ İʌȚȤȦȝȐĲȦȞ. ȅ ȆȓȞĮțĮȢ 3 țĮșȠȡȓȗİȚ ĲȚȢ ȘȜİțĲȡȠȤȘȝȚțȑȢ ȚįȚȩĲȘĲİȢ ĲȦȞ ȣȜȚțȫȞ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ ıİ ıȣȞįȣĮıȝȩ ȝİ ĲȠȣȢ įȚȐĳȠȡȠȣȢ ĲȪʌȠȣȢ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȠȪȝİȞȠȣ ȝİĲĮȜȜȚțȠȪ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ. ǼʌȚıȘȝĮȓȞİĲĮȚ ȩĲȚ Ƞ ȆȓȞĮțĮȢ 3 ʌȡȠĲİȓȞİĲĮȚ ıĲȠ ʌȡȩĲȣʌȠ Ǽȁȅȉ EN 14475. ǼʌȚʌȜȑȠȞ Ƞ ȆȓȞĮțĮȢ 4 įȓȞİȚ ʌȜȘȡȠĳȠȡȚĮțȐ țȡȚĲȒȡȚĮ ĮʌȠįȠȤȒȢ İįĮĳȚțȫȞ ȣȜȚțȫȞ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ ȖȚĮ įȚȐĳȠȡȠȣȢ ĲȪʌȠȣȢ ȑȡȖȦȞ ĮȞĲȚıĲȒȡȚȟȘȢ Įʌȩ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȘ (ĮȞĮȜȩȖȦȢ ĲȘȢ ȖȦȞȓĮȢ ĲȠȣ ĮȞĲȚıĲȘȡȚȗȩȝİȞȠȣ ʌȡĮȞȠȪȢ țĮȚ ĲȠȣ ĲȪʌȠȣ ĲȘȢ İʌȚĳĮȞİȚĮțȒȢ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘȢ). ȅ İȞ ȜȩȖȦ ȆȓȞĮțĮȢ ʌȡȠȑȡȤİĲĮȚ Įʌȩ ĲȠȣȢ ǼȜȕİĲȚțȠȪȢ ȀĮȞȠȞȚıȝȠȪȢ SN 670 010 “ȀȡȚĲȒȡȚĮ ĮʌȠįȠȤȒȢ İįĮĳȚțȫȞ ȣȜȚțȫȞ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ ȖȚĮ įȚȐĳȠȡȠȣȢ ĲȪʌȠȣȢ ȑȡȖȦȞ ĮȞĲȚıĲȒȡȚȟȘȢ Įʌȩ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȒ” țĮȚ ȠȚ ʌȡȠĲİȚȞȩȝİȞİȢ ĲȚȝȑȢ ĲȘȢ ȖȦȞȓĮȢ İıȦĲİȡȚțȒȢ ĲȡȚȕȒȢ (ĳ’) ĲȦȞ İįĮĳȚțȫȞ ȣȜȚțȫȞ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ ıȣȞȚıĲȠȪȞ ȚıȠįȪȞĮȝİȢ ĲȚȝȑȢ ȜĮȝȕĮȞȠȝȑȞȘȢ ȣʌȩȥȘ țĮȚ ĲȘȢ ıȣȞȠȤȒȢ ĲȦȞ. ȈĲȘȞ ʌİȡȓʌĲȦıȘ ʌȚșĮȞȩĲȘĲĮȢ țȣțȜȠĳȠȡȓĮȢ ȣʌȩȖİȚȠȣ ȞİȡȠȪ, șĮ İȜȑȖȤİĲĮȚ țĮȚ Ș ĮȞĲȓıĲȠȚȤȘ ıȣȝȕĮĲȩĲȘĲĮ ĲȦȞ ȚįȚȠĲȒĲȦȞ ĲȠȣ ĳȣıȚțȠȪ İįȐĳȠȣȢ ʌȠȣ ȕȡȓıțİĲĮȚ ıİ İʌĮĳȒ ȝİ ĲȘȞ İʌȓȤȦıȘ. ǿįȚĮȓĲİȡȘ ʌȡȠıȠȤȒ șĮ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ įȓȞİĲĮȚ ıĲȘȞ İʌĮȡțȒ ıȣȝʌȪțȞȦıȘ ĲȦȞ ȣȜȚțȫȞ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ ıĲȚȢ ʌİȡȚʌĲȫıİȚȢ ȐțĮȝʌĲȦȞ ıĲȠȚȤİȓȦȞ İʌȚĳĮȞİȚĮțȒȢ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘȢ, İʌİȚįȒ ĲȣȤȩȞ ȝİĲĮȖİȞȑıĲİȡİȢ țĮșȚȗȒıİȚȢ Ȓ/țĮȚ ȐȜȜİȢ ʌĮȡĮȝȠȡĳȫıİȚȢ ĲȠȣ İʌȚȤȫȝĮĲȠȢ șĮ ʌȡȠțĮȜȑıȠȣȞ İȝĳĮȞİȓȢ ȕȜȐȕİȢ ıĲĮ ıĲȠȚȤİȓĮ ĲȘȢ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘȢ.

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ȆȓȞĮțĮȢ 3 - ǾȜİțĲȡȠȤȘȝȚțȑȢ ȚįȚȩĲȘĲİȢ ĲȦȞ ȣȜȚțȫȞ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ ıİ ıȣȞįȣĮıȝȩ ȝİ ĲȠȣȢ įȚȐĳȠȡȠȣȢ ĲȪʌȠȣȢ ȝİĲĮȜȜȚțȠȪ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ ıȪȝĳȦȞĮ ȝİ ĲȠ ȆȡȩĲȣʌȠ Ǽȁȅȉ EN 14475

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ȆȓȞĮțĮȢ 4 - ȀȡȚĲȒȡȚĮ ĮʌȠįȠȤȒȢ İįĮĳȚțȫȞ ȣȜȚțȫȞ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ ıȪȝĳȦȞĮ ȝİ ĲȠȣȢ ǼȜȕİĲȚțȠȪȢ ȀĮȞȠȞȚıȝȠȪȢ SN 670 010 4.1.2 ȅʌȜȚıȝȩȢ. ȉĮ ıĲȠȚȤİȓĮ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ șĮ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ ȚțĮȞȠʌȠȚȠȪȞ ĲȚȢ ĮʌĮȚĲȒıİȚȢ ĲȘȢ ȝİȜȑĲȘȢ ȦȢ ʌȡȠȢ ĲȘȞ ĮȞĲȠȤȒ, ʌĮȡĮȝȠȡĳȦıȚȝȩĲȘĲĮ țĮȚ ȝĮțȡȠȤȡȩȞȚĮ İȡʌȣıĲȚțȒ ıȣȝʌİȡȚĳȠȡȐ (ȑĲıȚ ȫıĲİ ȞĮ ȜİȚĲȠȣȡȖȠȪȞ ȚțĮȞȠʌȠȚȘĲȚțȐ țĮĲȐ ĲȘȞ İțįȒȜȦıȘ ʌĮȡĮȝȠȡĳȫıİȦȞ ĲȦȞ ȣȜȚțȫȞ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ), țĮșȫȢ İʌȓıȘȢ țĮȚ ȦȢ ʌȡȠȢ ĲȘ įȚĮȕȡȦıȚȝȩĲȘĲĮ țĮȚ ĮȞșİțĲȚțȩĲȘĲĮ (durability). ǼȟĮȚĲȓĮȢ ĲȠȣ ȑȦȢ ĲȫȡĮ ıȘȝĮȞĲȚțȠȪ ȤȡȩȞȠȣ ȤȡȒıȘȢ ĲȠȣ ȤȐȜȣȕĮ İȞĲȩȢ İįĮĳȚțȫȞ ıȤȘȝĮĲȚıȝȫȞ, ȖȚĮ ĲȘȞ țĮĲĮıțİȣȒ ʌĮııȐȜȦȞ țĮȚ ĮȖȦȖȫȞ, İȓȞĮȚ įȣȞĮĲȩȞ ȞĮ țĮșȠȡȚıșȠȪȞ İʌĮȡțȫȢ ȠȚ ĮʌĮȚĲȒıİȚȢ ĮȞĲȚįȚĮȕȡȦıȚȝȩĲȘĲĮȢ ĲȦȞ ȝİĲĮȜȜȚțȫȞ ıĲȠȚȤİȓȦȞ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ. ȍıĲȩıȠ, Ș ȝĮțȡȠȤȡȩȞȚĮ İȡʌȣıĲȚțȒ ıȣȝʌİȡȚĳȠȡȐ ĲȦȞ ıĲȠȚȤİȓȦȞ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ Įʌȩ ʌȠȜȣȝİȡȒ ȣȜȚțȐ (İȞĲȩȢ ĲȦȞ İįĮĳȚțȫȞ ȣȜȚțȫȞ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ) țȡȓȞİĲĮȚ ȩĲȚ įİȞ İȓȞĮȚ İʌĮȡțȫȢ țĮșȠȡȚıȝȑȞȘ, ʌĮȡȩȜȠ ʌȠȣ įȚȐĳȠȡȠȚ ĲȪʌȠȚ ĲȦȞ İȞ ȜȩȖȦ ıĲȠȚȤİȓȦȞ ȑȤȠȣȞ İȞıȦȝĮĲȦșİȓ ĲĮ ĲİȜİȣĲĮȓĮ ȤȡȩȞȚĮ ıİ ıȘȝĮȞĲȚțȩ ĮȡȚșȝȩ ȑȡȖȦȞ ĮȞĲȚıĲȒȡȚȟȘȢ. ǼʌȚıȘȝĮȓȞİĲĮȚ ȩĲȚ ıİ ʌİȡȓʌĲȦıȘ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİȦȢ ıĲȠȚȤİȓȦȞ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ ıȣȖțİțȡȚȝȑȞȘȢ İĲĮȚȡİȓĮȢ İȓȞĮȚ ĮȞĮȖțĮȓȠ ȞĮ ȖȓȞİĲĮȚ ĮȞĮĳȠȡȐ ıİ ʌȚıĲȠʌȠȚȘĲȚțȐ ȑȖțȡȚıȘȢ, ĲĮ ȠʌȠȓĮ șĮ țĮșȠȡȓȗȠȣȞ ĲȚȢ țȡȓıȚȝİȢ ȚįȚȩĲȘĲȑȢ ĲȠȣȢ țĮȚ șĮ ʌİȡȚȖȡȐĳȠȣȞ ȝİ ıĮĳȒȞİȚĮ țĮȚ ȜİʌĲȠȝȑȡİȚĮ ȩȜȠȣȢ ĲȠȣȢ ĮȞĮȖțĮȓȠȣȢ ʌȠȚȠĲȚțȠȪȢ İȜȑȖȤȠȣȢ (ȝȑıȦ țĮĲȐȜȜȘȜȦȞ įȠțȚȝȫȞ) țĮșȠȡȚıȝȠȪ ĮȣĲȫȞ ĲȦȞ ȚįȚȠĲȒĲȦȞ. ȅ ȆȓȞĮțĮȢ 5 ʌȠȣ ĮțȠȜȠȣșİȓ ıȣȞȠȥȓȗİȚ ĲȠȣȢ ıȘȝĮȞĲȚțȩĲİȡȠȣȢ ʌĮȡȐȖȠȞĲİȢ, ȠȚ ȠʌȠȓȠȚ șĮ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ İȜȑȖȤȠȞĲĮȚ ȖȚĮ țȐșİ ĲȪʌȠ ıĲȠȚȤİȓȠȣ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ, ʌȡȚȞ ĲȘ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȓȘıȒ ĲȠȣȢ ıİ ȑȡȖĮ ĮȞĲȚıĲȘȡȓȟİȦȢ Įʌȩ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȘ.

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ȆȓȞĮțĮȢ 5 - ȆĮȡȐȖȠȞĲİȢ ıĲȠȚȤİȓȦȞ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ ʌȡȠȢ ȑȜİȖȤȠ țĮȚ įȚİȡİȪȞȘıȘ. 1. ĭȣıȚțȑȢ țĮȚ ȝȘȤĮȞȚțȑȢ ȚįȚȩĲȘĲİȢ: ȁİʌĲȠȝİȡȒȢ ʌİȡȚȖȡĮĳȒ ĲȠȣ ȣȜȚțȠȪ țĮĲĮıțİȣȒȢ țĮȚ ĲȘȢ ıȤİĲȚțȒȢ ĲİȤȞȚțȒȢ ȕȚȕȜȚȠȖȡĮĳȓĮȢ. ǻİįȠȝȑȞĮ ȕȡĮȤȣȤȡȩȞȚĮȢ țĮȚ ȝĮțȡȠȤȡȩȞȚĮȢ ıȣȝʌİȡȚĳȠȡȐȢ: ȠȡȚĮțȒ ĲȚȝȒ țĮȚ ĲȚȝȒ ıȤİįȚĮıȝȠȪ ĲȘȢ İĳİȜțȣıĲȚțȒȢ ĮȞĲȠȤȒȢ, ǻȚĮșȑıȚȝĮ įȚĮȖȡȐȝȝĮĲĮ ĲȐıİȦȞ ʌĮȡĮȝȠȡĳȫıİȦȞ, ȉȚȝȒ ĲȠȣ ȝȑĲȡȠȣ ǼȜĮıĲȚțȩĲȘĲĮȢ, ǼȡʌȣıȝȩȢ, ǼȣțĮȝȥȓĮ, ǼțĲĮıȚȝȩĲȘĲĮ, ȀȩʌȦıȘ (ȣʌȩ ıĲĮĲȚțȑȢ țĮȚ įȣȞĮȝȚțȑȢ ıȣȞșȒțİȢ ĳȩȡĲȚıȘȢ), ȈȣȞĲİȜİıĲȒȢ ĲȡȚȕȒȢ ȝİ ĲȠ ʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞ İįĮĳȚțȩ ȣȜȚțȩ. 2. ǹȞșİțĲȚțȩĲȘĲĮ 3. ȈȣȝʌİȡȚĳȠȡȐ țĮĲȐ ĲȘȞ ĲȠʌȠșȑĲȘıȘ țĮȚ ȤȡȒıȘ: ǻȚĮȤİȓȡȚıȘ, ĮʌȠșȒțİȣıȘ ȆȡȩțȜȘıȘ ȗȘȝȚȫȞ ȂİĲĮĳȠȡȐ ǼʌȓįȡĮıȘ İʌȓ ĲȦȞ ıĲȠȚȤİȓȦȞ İʌȚĳĮȞİȚĮțȒȢ țȐȜȣȥȘȢ 4. ȈȣȞįȣĮıȝȩȢ ĲȦȞ ʌĮȡĮȖȩȞĲȦȞ 1, 2 țĮȚ 3 5. ȀĮĲĮıțİȣĮıĲȚțȑȢ ȜİʌĲȠȝȑȡİȚİȢ (ʌ.Ȥ. ıȣȞįȑıİȚȢ) țĮȚ İʌȓįȡĮıȘ ĲȠȣȢ ıĲȠȣȢ ʌĮȡȐȖȠȞĲİȢ 1 țĮȚ 2 6. ǻȚĮįȚțĮıȓİȢ ʌȠȚȠĲȚțȠȪ İȜȑȖȤȠȣ țĮĲȐ ĲȘȞ ʌĮȡĮȖȦȖȒ 7. ǲțșİıȘ ıİ İȟȦȖİȞİȓȢ ʌİȡȚȕĮȜȜȠȞĲȚțȠȪȢ ʌĮȡȐȖȠȞĲİȢ (ʌȡȚȞ ĲȘȞ țĮĲĮıțİȣȒ) (ʌ.Ȥ. ȝĮțȡȠȤȡȩȞȚİȢ țĮȚ ȕȡĮȤȣȤȡȩȞȚİȢ İʌȚįȡȐıİȚȢ ıİ ȣʌİȡȚȫįȘ ĮțĲȚȞȠȕȠȜȓĮ) ȅȚ ȤĮȜȪȕįȚȞȠȚ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȓ șĮ İȓȞĮȚ ȡȐȕįȠȚ, ȜȦȡȓįİȢ Ȓ ȤĮȜȪȕįȚȞĮ ʌȜȑȖȝĮĲĮ (ıȤȒȝĮ 3). ȅ ȕĮșȝȩȢ ʌȡȠıĲĮıȓĮȢ șĮ İȟĮȡĲȐĲĮȚ Įʌȩ ĲȚȢ ĮʌĮȚĲȒıİȚȢ ĲȘȢ ĲİȤȞȚțȒȢ įȚȐȡțİȚĮȢ ȗȦȒȢ ĲȘȢ țĮĲĮıțİȣȒȢ. ȉĮ ıȣȡȝĮĲȠʌȜȑȖȝĮĲĮ șĮ İȓȞĮȚ ȖĮȜȕĮȞȚıȝȑȞĮ ȝİ țȡȐȝĮ Zn95Al5 țĮȚ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘ Įʌȩ PVC. ǹȞȠȟİȓįȦĲȠȚ ȤȐȜȣȕİȢ șĮ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȠȪȞĲĮȚ ȝȩȞȠ ĮȞ ʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİĲĮȚ ıĲȘ ȝİȜȑĲȘ țĮȚ ȖȚĮ İȚįȚțȑȢ țĮĲĮıțİȣȑȢ. īİȞȚțȐ ȠȚ ȤĮȜȪȕįȚȞȠȚ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȓ șĮ ıȣȝȝȠȡĳȫȞȠȞĲĮȚ ȝİ ĲĮ ʌȡȩĲȣʌĮ Ǽȁȅȉ EN 10025.01, Ǽȁȅȉ EN 10025.02, Ǽȁȅȉ EN 10025.03, Ǽȁȅȉ EN 10025.04, Ǽȁȅȉ EN ISO 1461 E2, Ǽȁȅȉ EN 10080, Ǽȁȅȉ EN 10218.01, Ǽȁȅȉ EN 10218.02, Ǽȁȅȉ EN 10223-3, Ǽȁȅȉ EN 10244-1, Ǽȁȅȉ EN 10244-2, Ǽȁȅȉ Ǽȃ 10326 ȈĲȘȞ ʌİȡȓʌĲȦıȘ ȖĮȜȕĮȞȚıȝȑȞȦȞ ȝİĲĮȜȜȚțȫȞ ıĲȠȚȤİȓȦȞ, șĮ İȜȑȖȤİĲĮȚ ĲȠ ʌȐȤȠȢ ĲȘȢ İʌȚȞȚțȑȜȦıȘȢ. ȉĮ ıȣȞșİĲȚțȐ ıĲȠȚȤİȓĮ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ șĮ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ ʌȡȠıĲĮĲİȪȠȞĲĮȚ Įʌȩ ĲȘȞ ʌĮȡĮĲİĲĮȝȑȞȘ ȑțșİıȒ ĲȠȣȢ ıĲȠ ĳȦȢ țĮȚ ȚįȚĮȚĲȑȡȦȢ ıĲȘȞ ȘȜȚĮțȒ ĮțĲȚȞȠȕȠȜȓĮ țĮȚ ĲȚȢ ʌȠȜȪ ȣȥȘȜȑȢ șİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓİȢ ȝİ ĮʌȠșȒțİȣıȘ ıİ țȜİȚıĲȠȪȢ ıĲİȖĮıȝȑȞȠȣȢ ȤȫȡȠȣȢ ȝİ ȚțĮȞȠʌȠȚȘĲȚțȒ ȝȩȞȦıȘ (țĮĲȐ ĲȘȞ șİȡȚȞȒ ʌİȡȓȠįȠ). Ǿ țȐȜȣȥȒ ĲȠȣȢ ȝİ İįĮĳȚțȩ ȣȜȚțȩ șĮ ȖȓȞİĲĮȚ ıİ ıȪȞĲȠȝȠ ȤȡȩȞȠ ȝİĲȐ ĲȘȞ ĲȠʌȠșȑĲȘıȘ ĲȠȣ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ, ȖȚĮ ĲȠȣȢ ʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦ ȜȩȖȠȣȢ. ȂİĲĮȜȜȚțȐ ıĲȠȚȤİȓĮ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ șĮ ʌȡȠıĲĮĲİȪȠȞĲĮȚ Įʌȩ ĲȘȞ ȠȟİȓįȦıȘ ȝİ ĮʌȠșȒțİȣıȒ ĲȠȣȢ ıİ ȟȘȡȠȪȢ țĮȚ ĮİȡȚȗȩȝİȞȠȣȢ ȤȫȡȠȣȢ ıȪȝĳȦȞĮ ȝİ ĲȚȢ ȠįȘȖȓİȢ ĲȠȣ țĮĲĮıțİȣĮıĲȒ. ȅȚ ıȣȞșİĲȚțȠȓ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȓ İȓȞĮȚ ʌȠȜȣȝİȡȚțȑȢ ȜȦȡȓįİȢ, ʌȠȜȣȝİȡȚțȐ ĳȪȜȜĮ Ȓ ʌȠȜȣȝİȡȚțȐ ȖİȦʌȜȑȖȝĮĲĮ (ıȤȒȝĮ 4), ʌȠȜȣİıĲİȡȚțȒȢ Ȓ ʌȠȜȣĮȚșȣȜİȞȚțȒȢ ıȪıĲĮıȘȢ, İȞȫ įİȞ ĮʌȠțȜİȓȠȞĲĮȚ țĮȚ ȐȜȜİȢ ıȣıĲȐıİȚȢ. īİȞȚțȐ ȠȚ ʌȠȜȣȝİȡȚțȠȓ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȓ șĮ ıȣȝȝȠȡĳȫȞȠȞĲĮȚ ȝİ ĲĮ ʌȡȩĲȣʌĮǼȁȅȉ EN 13251/A1, Ǽȁȅȉ EN 12224, Ǽȁȅȉ

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ȈȤȒȝĮ 4 - ȉȪʌȠȚ ʌȠȜȣȝİȡȚțȫȞ ȠʌȜȚıȝȫȞ ȑȡȖȦȞ ĮȞĲȚıĲȒȡȚȟȘȢ Įʌȩ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȒ. 4.1.3 ȊȜȚțȐ İʌȚĳĮȞİȚĮțȒȢ țȐȜȣȥȘȢ. ȉĮ ıĲȠȚȤİȓĮ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘȢ șĮ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ ȑȤȠȣȞ ĲȘȞ ĮʌĮȡĮȓĲȘĲȘ ĮȞĲȠȤȒ țĮȚ İȣțĮȝȥȓĮ, ȑĲıȚ ȫıĲİ ȞĮ İʌȚĲȡȑʌȠȣȞ: x ȉȘ įȚĮȝȩȡĳȦıȘ İʌȚĳĮȞİȚȫȞ ȝİ ĲȚȢ ĮʌĮȚĲȠȪȝİȞİȢ ĮȞȠȤȑȢ ȦȢ ʌȡȠȢ ĲȘȞ țĮĲĮțȠȡȣĳȩĲȘĲĮ țĮȚ ȠȡȚȗȠȞĲȚȠȖȡĮĳȚțȒ ĮʌȩțȜȚıȘ x ȉȘ įȣȞĮĲȩĲȘĲĮ ĮȞȐȜȘȥȘȢ ĲȦȞ ĮȞĮȝİȞȩȝİȞȦȞ įȚĮĳȠȡȚțȫȞ ȝİĲĮțȚȞȒıİȦȞ ȤȦȡȓȢ ʌȡȩțȜȘıȘ ȕȜĮȕȫȞ ıİ ĮȣĲȐ țĮȚ ıĲȚȢ ıȣȞįȑıİȚȢ ĲȠȣȢ ȝİ ĲȠȞ ȠʌȜȚıȝȩ. Ȉİ țȐșİ ʌİȡȓʌĲȦıȘ ȤȡȒıȘȢ ıĲȠȚȤİȓȦȞ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘȢ, ĲĮ ȣȜȚțȐ țĮĲĮıțİȣȒȢ ĲȦȞ șĮ ȚțĮȞȠʌȠȚȠȪȞ ĲȚȢ ĮʌĮȚĲȒıİȚȢ ĮȞșİțĲȚțȩĲȘĲĮȢ ĲȠȣ ȆȡȠĲȪʌȠȣ . Ǽȁȅȉ EN 14475 ȩʌȦȢ ıȣȞȠȥȓȗİĲĮȚ țĮȚ ıĲȠȞ ʌȓȞĮțĮ 6. ȅȚ ıȣȞįȑıİȚȢ ĲȠȣ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ ȝİ ĲĮ ıĲȠȚȤİȓĮ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘȢ șĮ ȖȓȞȠȞĲĮȚ ıȪȝĳȦȞĮ ȝİ ĲȚȢ ȠįȘȖȓİȢ ĲȠȣ țĮĲĮıțİȣĮıĲȒ ĲȠȣ ıȣıĲȒȝĮĲȠȢ. Ȉİ țȐșİ ʌİȡȓʌĲȦıȘ, ĲȠ ıĲȠȚȤİȓȠ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘȢ șĮ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ ȝʌȠȡİȓ ȞĮ ʌĮȡĮȜȐȕİȚ (ȝİ ĲȘȞ ĮʌĮȚĲȠȪȝİȞȘ ȕȐıİȚ ĲȦȞ țĮȞȠȞȚıȝȫȞ ĮıĳȐȜİȚĮȢ) ĳȠȡĲȓȠ ĲȠȣȜȐȤȚıĲȠȞ ȓıȠ ȝİ ĲȘȞ ĳȑȡȠȣıĮ ȚțĮȞȩĲȘĲĮ ĲȠȣ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ ʌȠȣ ıȣȞįȑİĲĮȚ ȝİ ĮȣĲȩ

5 ȀĮĲĮıțİȣȒ ĮȞĲȚıĲȘȡȓȟİȦȞ Įʌȩ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȒ

5.1 ȀĮĲĮıțİȣȒ ĲȠȓȤȠȣ ĮȞĲȚıĲȒȡȚȟȘȢ Įʌȩ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȒ 5.1.1 ǻȚĮȝȩȡĳȦıȘ ĲȠȣ ȣʌȠȕȐșȡȠȣ ȖȚĮ ĲȘ șİȝİȜȓȦıȘ ĲȠȣ ĲȠȓȤȠȣ ĮȞĲȚıĲȒȡȚȟȘȢ Ǿ țĮĲĮıțİȣȒ ĲȠȣ ĲȠȓȤȠȣ ĮȞĲȚıĲȘȡȓȟİȦȢ Įʌȩ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȘ ĮȡȤȓȗİȚ ȝİ ĲȘ įȚĮȝȩȡĳȦıȘ ĲȘȢ İʌȚĳȐȞİȚĮȢ șİȝİȜȓȦıȘȢ ıĲȠ İȪȡȠȢ ʌȠȣ ĮʌĮȚĲİȓĲĮȚ ȖȚĮ ĲȘȞ țĮĲĮıțİȣȒ ĲȘȢ ȕȐıȘȢ ĲȘȢ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ țĮȚ ĲȘȞ ĲȠʌȠșȑĲȘıȘ ĲȘȢ țĮĲȫĲİȡȘȢ ıĲȡȫıȘȢ ĲȠȣ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ. Ǿ İʌȚĳȐȞİȚĮ ĮȣĲȒ İțıțȐʌĲİĲĮȚ țĮȚ įȚĮȝȠȡĳȫȞİĲĮȚ ȝİ ȠȝĮȜȑȢ İʌȚĳȐȞİȚİȢ ıĲȘȞ ĮʌĮȚĲȠȪȝİȞȘ țȜȓıȘ țĮȚ ȝİ ĲȠȣȢ İȞįȚȐȝİıȠȣȢ ĮȞĮȕĮșȝȠȪȢ ȩʌȦȢ ʌȡȠȕȜȑʌȠȞĲĮȚ ıĲȘ ȝİȜȑĲȘ (ȩʌȠȣ ʌȡȠȕȜȑʌȠȞĲĮȚ ĮȞĮȕĮșȝȠȓ). Ǿ ıĲȐșȝȘ ĲȘȢ șİȝİȜȓȦıȘȢ șĮ İȓȞĮȚ ĮȣĲȒ ʌȠȣ ʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİĲĮȚ ıĲȘ ȝİȜȑĲȘ. ȈĲȘȞ ʌİȡȓʌĲȦıȘ ȩʌȠȣ ıĲȘ ıĲȐșȝȘ ĮȣĲȒ įİȞ ȚțĮȞȠʌȠȚȠȪȞĲĮȚ ȠȚ ĮʌĮȚĲȒıİȚȢ ĲȘȢ ȝİȜȑĲȘȢ (ʌ.Ȥ. ȜȩȖȦ įȚĮĳȠȡȐȢ ĲȦȞ ȖİȦĲİȤȞȚțȫȞ ıȣȞșȘțȫȞ ȝİĲĮȟȪ ȝİȜȑĲȘȢ țĮȚ İʌȚĲȩʌȠȣ țĮĲȐıĲĮıȘȢ), șĮ ĲȡȠʌȠʌȠȚİȓĲĮȚ Ș ȝİȜȑĲȘ (İĳȩıȠȞ

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ĮʌĮȚĲİȓĲĮȚ) țĮȚ șĮ İĳĮȡȝȩȗȠȞĲĮȚ ȠȚ ȞȑİȢ ĮʌĮȚĲȒıİȚȢ ĲȘȢ ȝİȜȑĲȘȢ (ʌ.Ȥ. ȝİ ʌİȡĮȚĲȑȡȦ İțıțĮĳȒ, ȕİȜĲȓȦıȘ ĲȠȣ İįȐĳȠȣȢ șİȝİȜȓȦıȘȢ ȝİ ĲȘȞ ĲȠʌȠșȑĲȘıȘ ȖİȦʌȜȑȖȝĮĲȠȢ Ȓ İȟȣȖȚĮȞĲȚțȒȢ ıĲȡȫıȘȢ, țȜʌ). Ǿ ĲİȜȚțȒ ıĲȐșȝȘ șİȝİȜȓȦıȘȢ șĮ ȣȖȡĮȓȞİĲĮȚ (İĳȩıȠȞ ĮʌĮȚĲİȓĲĮȚ) țĮȚ șĮ ıȣȝʌȣțȞȫȞİĲĮȚ ıȪȝĳȦȞĮ ȝİ ĲȚȢ ĮʌĮȚĲȒıİȚȢ ĲȘȢ ȝİȜȑĲȘȢ. ȉȣȤȩȞ șȪȜĮțİȢ ĮțĮĲȐȜȜȘȜȦȞ ȣȜȚțȫȞ șĮ ĮʌȠȝĮțȡȪȞȠȞĲĮȚ țĮȚ șĮ ĮȞĲȚțĮșȓıĲĮȞĲĮȚ ȝİ ȣȜȚțȐ İʌȚȤȫȝĮĲȠȢ. ȈȣȞȒșȦȢ, ıĲȘ șȑıȘ șİȝİȜȓȦıȘȢ ĲȘȢ İʌȚĳĮȞİȚĮțȒȢ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘȢ (facing) įȚĮȝȠȡĳȫȞİĲĮȚ ĲȐĳȡȠȢ İȞĲȩȢ ĲȘȢ ȠʌȠȓĮȢ țĮĲĮıțİȣȐȗİĲĮȚ șİȝȑȜȚȠ Įʌȩ ıțȣȡȩįİȝĮ ȖȚĮ ĲȘȞ ȑįȡĮıȘ ĲȦȞ ĮȣȟȘȝȑȞȦȞ ĳȠȡĲȓȦȞ ĲȘȢ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘȢ țĮȚ ĲȘȞ ȝİȓȦıȘ ĲȦȞ țĮșȚȗȒıİȦȞ, țĮșȫȢ țĮȚ ȖȚĮ ĲȘ įȚĮȝȩȡĳȦıȘ İʌȓʌİįȘȢ İʌȚĳȐȞİȚĮȢ ȖȚĮ ĲȘȞ ıȣȞĮȡȝȠȜȩȖȘıȘ ĲȦȞ ıĲȠȚȤİȓȦȞ ĲȘȢ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘȢ. Ǿ țĮĲĮıțİȣȒ ĮȣĲȠȪ ĲȠȣ șİȝİȜȓȠȣ șĮ ȖȓȞİĲĮȚ ıȪȝĳȦȞĮ ȝİ ĲȚȢ ĮʌĮȚĲȒıİȚȢ ĲȘȢ ȂİȜȑĲȘȢ. ȆȓȞĮțĮȢ 6. ǹʌĮȚĲȒıİȚȢ ȖȚĮ ĲĮ ıĲȠȚȤİȓĮ İʌȑȞįȣıȘȢ (Ǽȁȅȉ EN 14475) 5.1.2 ȀĮĲĮıțİȣȒ țĮȚ ıȣȝʌȪțȞȦıȘ ĲȦȞ İįĮĳȚțȫȞ ıĲȡȫıİȦȞ ĲȘȢ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ Ǿ țĮĲĮıțİȣȒ țĮȚ ıȣȝʌȪțȞȦıȘ ĲȦȞ ıĲȡȫıİȦȞ ĲȘȢ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ șĮ ȖȓȞİĲĮȚ ıȪȝĳȦȞĮ ȝİ ĲȚȢ ĮʌĮȚĲȒıİȚȢ ĲȘȢ ȝİȜȑĲȘȢ țĮȚ ĲȚȢ ȖİȞȚțȑȢ ĮʌĮȚĲȒıİȚȢ ĲȦȞ ȉİȤȞȚțȫȞ ȆȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮĳȫȞ ǻȚȐıĲȡȦıȘȢ țĮȚ ȈȣȝʌȪțȞȦıȘȢ İʌȚȤȫıİȦȞ ĲȦȞ ȤȦȝĮĲȠȣȡȖȚțȫȞ ȑȡȖȦȞ. ȆȑȡĮȞ ĮȣĲȫȞ, șĮ ȚıȤȪȠȣȞ țĮȚ ĲĮ İȟȒȢ : x Ǿ ĮʌȩșİıȘ, įȚȐıĲȡȦıȘ, İȟȠȝȐȜȣȞıȘ țĮȚ ıȣȝʌȪțȞȦıȘ ĲȦȞ ȣȜȚțȫȞ ĲȘȢ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ șĮ ȖȓȞİĲĮȚ ȝİ įȚİȪșȣȞıȘ ʌĮȡȐȜȜȘȜȘ ʌȡȠȢ ĲȘȞ ʌȡȩıȠȥȘ (İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘ) ĲȠȣ ĲȠȓȤȠȣ. Ǿ İʌȚĳȐȞİȚĮ ĲȦȞ ıĲȡȫıİȦȞ ĲȘȢ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ șĮ įȚĮȝȠȡĳȫȞİĲĮȚ ȝİ İȜĮĳȡȐ țȜȓıȘ (2-4%) ȑĲıȚ ȫıĲİ ĲĮ ȞİȡȐ ĲȘȢ ȕȡȠȤȒȢ ȞĮ ȝȘ ȜȚȝȞȐȗȠȣȞ ĮȜȜȐ ȞĮ ĮʌȠȡȡȑȠȣȞ İȜİȖȤȩȝİȞĮ ʌȡȠȢ țĮĲȐȜȜȘȜȠ ĮʌȠįȑțĲȘ. x ȈĲȘȞ ʌİȡȓʌĲȦıȘ ȣȜȚțȫȞ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ ȝİ ȣȥȘȜȩ ʌȠıȠıĲȩ ȜİʌĲȠțȩțțȠȣ țȜȐıȝĮĲȠȢ, țĮĲȐ ĲȘȞ țĮĲĮıțİȣȒ șĮ ȜĮȝȕȐȞȠȞĲĮȚ ȣʌȩȥȘ ȠȚ ȣʌİȡʌȚȑıİȚȢ ʌȩȡȦȞ ȜȩȖȦ ĲȘȢ ıȣȝʌȪțȞȦıȘȢ. ȈĲȚȢ ʌİȡȚʌĲȫıİȚȢ ĮȣĲȑȢ țĮȚ ȩĲĮȞ Ș ıȣȝʌȪțȞȦıȘ ȖȓȞİĲĮȚ ıİ ȣȥȘȜȩ ʌȠıȠıĲȩ ȣȖȡĮıȓĮȢ, șĮ ȜĮȝȕȐȞİĲĮȚ ȝȑȡȚȝȞĮ ȖȚĮ ĲȣȤȩȞ ʌĮȡĮȝȠȡĳȫıİȚȢ ĲȘȢ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘȢ (facing) İʌİȚįȒ ĲĮ ȣȜȚțȐ ĮȣĲȐ ıȣȝʌİȡȚĳȑȡȠȞĲĮȚ ȦȢ ʌȜȐıĲȚȝĮ ȜȩȖȦ ĲȦȞ ĳȠȡĲȓȦȞ ĲȘȢ ıȣȝʌȪțȞȦıȘȢ (ʌ.Ȥ. ȝİ ȝİȓȦıȘ ĲȦȞ ĳȠȡĲȓȦȞ ĲȘȢ ıȣȝʌȪțȞȦıȘȢ ȝİ ȤȡȒıȘ İȜĮĳȡȩĲİȡȦȞ ȝȘȤĮȞȘȝȐĲȦȞ Ȓ İȜĮĳȡȐ ȝİȓȦıȘ ĲȘȢ ȣȖȡĮıȓĮȢ ıȣȝʌȪțȞȦıȘȢ).

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x ȀĮĲȐ ĲȘ įȚȐıĲȡȦıȘ ĲȦȞ ʌȡȫĲȦȞ ıĲȡȫıİȦȞ ĲȠȣ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ (İʌȓ ĲȠȣ ĳȣıȚțȠȪ İįȐĳȠȣȢ) ȝİ ʌĮȡȠȣıȓĮ ȞİȡȠȪ, ĲĮ ıĲȠȚȤİȓĮ ĲȠȣ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ șĮ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ ȑȤȠȣȞ ʌȡȠ-ıȣȞĮȡȝȠȜȠȖȘșİȓ ȫıĲİ ȞĮ įȚİȣțȠȜȪȞİĲĮȚ Ș ĲȠʌȠșȑĲȘıȒ ĲȠȣȢ. ȈĲȘȞ ʌİȡȓʌĲȦıȘ ıȣȞșİĲȚțȫȞ ʌȜİȖȝȐĲȦȞ İȜĮĳȡȩĲİȡȦȞ Įʌȩ ĲȠ Ȟİȡȩ, șĮ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ ʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİĲĮȚ ıȪıĲȘȝĮ ʌȩȞĲȚıȘȢ ıĲȠȞ ʌȣșȝȑȞĮ ĲȠȣ ıțȐȝȝĮĲȠȢ (ʌ.Ȥ. ȝİ ıʌȠȡĮįȚțȐ ȕȐȡȘ). ȈĲȘȞ ʌİȡȓʌĲȦıȘ ȩʌȠȣ ĲȠ ĳȣıȚțȩ ȑįĮĳȠȢ İȓȞĮȚ ʌȠȜȪ ıȣȝʌȚİıĲȩ, șĮ ĲȠʌȠșİĲİȓĲĮȚ ĮȡȤȚțȫȢ ȝȚĮ İȟȣȖȚĮȞĲȚțȒ ıĲȡȫıȘ İįĮĳȚțȠȪ ȣȜȚțȠȪ (ʌȚșĮȞȫȢ İʌȓ įȚĮȤȦȡȚıĲȚțȠȪ ȖİȦȣĳȐıȝĮĲȠȢ) țĮȚ İʌ’ ĮȣĲȒȢ șĮ ĲȠʌȠșİĲİȓĲĮȚ Ș ʌȡȫĲȘ ıĲȡȫıȘ ĲȠȣ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ. 5.1.3 ȉȠʌȠșȑĲȘıȘ ĲȠȣ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ ıİ țȐșİ ıĲȡȫıȘ ȂİĲȐ ĲȘȞ ȠȜȠțȜȒȡȦıȘ ĲȘȢ ıȣȝʌȪțȞȦıȘȢ ĲȠȣ ȣȜȚțȠȪ ȝȑȤȡȚ ĲȘ ıĲȐșȝȘ ĲȠʌȠșȑĲȘıȘȢ ȝȚĮȢ ȗȫȞȘȢ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ, șĮ ĲȠʌȠșİĲȠȪȞĲĮȚ ȠȚ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȓ (ȡȐȕįȠȚ, ȜȦȡȓįİȢ Ȓ ʌȜȑȖȝĮĲĮ) țĮȚ șĮ ıȣȞįȑȠȞĲĮȚ ȝİ ĲĮ ıĲȠȚȤİȓĮ ĲȘȢ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘȢ (ıĲȘȞ ʌİȡȓʌĲȦıȘ ȐțĮȝʌĲȘȢ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘȢ) ȝİ ĲȡȩʌȠ ıȪȝĳȦȞȠ ȝİ ĲȚȢ ĮʌĮȚĲȒıİȚȢ ĲȘȢ ȝİȜȑĲȘȢ țĮȚ ĲȚȢ ʌȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮĳȑȢ ĲȠȣ țĮĲĮıțİȣĮıĲȒ. ȂİĲȐ ĲȘ ıȪȞįİıȘ ȝİ ĲĮ ıĲȠȚȤİȓĮ ĲȘȢ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘȢ, ȠȚ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȓ șĮ ĲĮȞȪȠȞĲĮȚ İȜĮĳȡȫȢ ȫıĲİ Ș įȚȐıĲȡȦıȒ ĲȠȣȢ ȞĮ ȝȘȞ ʌİȡȚȜĮȝȕȐȞİȚ «țȣȝĮĲȚıȝȠȪȢ». Ǿ įȚȐıĲȡȦıȘ ĲȦȞ ıĲȠȚȤİȓȦȞ ĲȠȣ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ șĮ ȖȓȞİĲĮȚ Įʌȩ ĮȞșȡȫʌȠȣȢ Ȓ/țĮȚ ȝİ ĲȘ ȤȡȒıȘ İȚįȚțȫȞ İȜĮĳȡȫȞ İȜĮıĲȚțȠĳȩȡȦȞ ȠȤȘȝȐĲȦȞ. ȉĮ ıĲȠȚȤİȓĮ ĲȠȣ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ țĮĲȐ ĲȘȞ țȪȡȚĮ įȚİȪșȣȞıȘ ĳȩȡĲȚıȘȢ (țȐșİĲĮ ıĲȠȞ ȩȥȘ ĲȠȣ ĲȠȓȤȠȣ) șĮ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ İȓȞĮȚ ıȣȞİȤȒ ȤȦȡȓȢ İȞȫıİȚȢ (ȝĮĲȓıȝĮĲĮ) ıİ ȩȜȠ ĲȠ ĮʌĮȚĲȠȪȝİȞȠ ȝȒțȠȢ ĲȠȣȢ. ȍıĲȩıȠ, țĮĲȐ ĲȘȞ İȖțȐȡıȚĮ įȚİȪșȣȞıȘ (țĮĲȐ ĲȠ ȝȒțȠȢ ĲȠȣ ĲȠȓȤȠȣ) İȓȞĮȚ ĮȞĮʌȩĳİȣțĲȘ Ș ĮıȣȞȑȤİȚĮ ĲȠȣ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ țĮȚ Ș įȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȓĮ ĮȡȝȫȞ. ȅȚ ĮȡȝȠȓ ĮȣĲȠȪ ĲȠȣ ĲȪʌȠȣ ȖȚĮ ȝİĲĮȜȜȚțȐ ʌȜȑȖȝĮĲĮ șĮ įȚĮȝȠȡĳȫȞȠȞĲĮȚ ȝİ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘ ĲȦȞ ȖİȚĲȠȞȚțȫȞ ıĲȡȫıİȦȞ ĲȠȣȢ ıİ ʌȜȐĲȠȢ ıȪȝĳȦȞĮ ȝİ ĲȚȢ ĮʌĮȚĲȒıİȚȢ ĲȘȢ ȂİȜȑĲȘȢ. ȈĲȘȞ ʌİȡȓʌĲȦıȘ ȩʌȠȣ įİȞ ȣʌȐȡȤİȚ ıȤİĲȚțȒ ʌȡȩȕȜİȥȘ ĲȘȢ ȝİȜȑĲȘȢ țĮȚ ȖȚĮ ĲȘȞ ʌİȡȓʌĲȦıȘ ȤȡȒıȘȢ ȖİȦʌȜİȖȝȐĲȦȞ Ȓ ȖİȦȣĳĮıȝȐĲȦȞ Ș İȜȐȤȚıĲȘ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘ țĮșȠȡȓȗİĲĮȚ ıİ 0.30 m, İȞȫ ȖȚĮ ĲȘȞ ʌİȡȓʌĲȦıȘ ȤȡȒıȘȢ ȝİĲĮȜȜȚțȫȞ ʌȜİȖȝȐĲȦȞ İȓȞĮȚ įȣȞĮĲȩȞ ȞĮ ʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİĲĮȚ ıȪȞįİıȘ ȝİĲĮȟȪ ĲȠȣȢ, (ʌ.Ȥ. ȝİ ıȣȖțȩȜȜȘıȘ) ȑĲıȚ ȫıĲİ ȞĮ İȟĮıĳĮȜȓȗİĲĮȚ Ș ĮıĳĮȜȒȢ ĮȞȐȜȘȥȘ ĲȦȞ ĮȞĮʌĲȣııȠȝȑȞȦȞ İĳİȜțȣıĲȚțȫȞ ĳȠȡĲȓȦȞ. ȈĲȘȞ ʌİȡȓʌĲȦıȘ ȤȡȒıȘȢ ȚıȩĲȡȠʌȦȞ ʌȜİȖȝȐĲȦȞ (įȘȜĮįȒ ȝİ ĲȘȞ ȓįȚĮ ĮȞĲȠȤȒ țĮȚ ıĲȚȢ įȪȠ įȚİȣșȪȞıİȚȢ) ĲȠ ȝȒțȠȢ ĮȖțȪȡȦıȘȢ İȓȞĮȚ ʌȡȠĳĮȞȫȢ ĲȠ ȓįȚȠ țĮȚ ıĲȚȢ įȪȠ įȚİȣșȪȞıİȚȢ. ȅȚ ĮȡȝȠȓ (ıȣȞįȑıİȚȢ) ȝİĲĮȟȪ ĲȦȞ ıĲȡȫıİȦȞ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ Įʌȩ ʌȠȜȣȝİȡȒ ȣȜȚțȐ įȚĮȤȦȡȓȗȠȞĲĮȚ ıĲȚȢ ʌȡȠțĮĲĮıțİȣĮıȝȑȞİȢ țĮȚ ıİ İțİȓȞİȢ ȠȚ ȠʌȠȓİȢ ȣȜȠʌȠȚȠȪȞĲĮȚ țĮĲȐ ĲȘ įȚȐȡțİȚĮ ĲȦȞ İȡȖĮıȚȫȞ țĮĲĮıțİȣȒȢ. ȉȣʌȚțȑȢ ıȣȞįȑıİȚȢ ȖİȦȨĳĮıȝȐĲȦȞ, ıĲȚȢ ʌİȡȚʌĲȫıİȚȢ ȩʌȠȣ ĮʌĮȚĲİȓĲĮȚ Ș ȝİĲĮĳȠȡȐ ĳȠȡĲȓȠȣ, İȓȞĮȚ ȠȚ ıȣȡȡĮĳȑȢ ĲȠȣ ıȤȒȝĮĲȠȢ 5. ȅ ıȣȞȘșȑıĲİȡȠȢ ĲȡȩʌȠȢ ıȪȞįİıȘȢ įȪȠ ıĲȡȫıİȦȞ ȖİȦʌȜİȖȝȐĲȦȞ ȣȜȠʌȠȚİȓĲĮȚ ȝİ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘ ĲȠȣȢ țĮȚ ĲĮȣĲȩȤȡȠȞȘ ȤȡȒıȘ ȡȐȕįȠȣ įȚĮȝȑıȠȣ ĲȦȞ ȠʌȫȞ ĲȠȣȢ ( ȀȩȝȕȠȢ ĲȪʌȠȣ “bodkin”, ȈȤȒȝĮ 6). IįȚĮȓĲİȡȘ ʌȡȠıȠȤȒ ĮʌĮȚĲİȓĲĮȚ ȑĲıȚ ȫıĲİ Ș ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȠȪȝİȞȘ ȡȐȕįȠȢ:(Į) ȞĮ İȓȞĮȚ țĮĲȐȜȜȘȜȘȢ įȚĮĲȠȝȒȢ țĮȚ ĮȞĲȠȤȒȢ, ȖȚĮ ȞĮ ĮʌȠĳİȪȖȠȞĲĮȚ ĳĮȚȞȩȝİȞĮ ȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȫȞ ʌĮȡĮȝȠȡĳȫıİȦȞ țĮȚ (ȕ) ȞĮ ȑȤİȚ įȚĮıĲȐıİȚȢ ıȣȝȕĮĲȑȢ ȝİ ĲȚȢ įȚĮıĲȐıİȚȢ ĲȦȞ ȠʌȫȞ ĲȦȞ ȖİȦʌȜİȖȝȐĲȦȞ. ǼʌȚıȘȝĮȓȞİĲĮȚ ȩĲȚ ȠȚ įȚĮȝȠȡĳȫıİȚȢ ĲȦȞ ʌȡȠ-ĮȞĮĳİȡșİȚıȫȞ ıȣȞįȑıİȦȞ șĮ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ ȖȓȞİĲĮȚ, ȑĲıȚ ȫıĲİ ȞĮ İʌȚĲȣȖȤȐȞİĲĮȚ Ș ȝİȖĮȜȪĲİȡȘ įȣȞĮĲȒ ȝȘȤĮȞȚțȒ ĮȞĲȠȤȒ țĮȚ ĮȞșİțĲȚțȩĲȘĲȐ ĲȠȣȢ. Ȉİ ȝȩȞȚȝİȢ țĮĲĮıțİȣȑȢ ĮȞĲȚıĲȒȡȚȟȘȢ, ȠȚ ʌȠȚȠĲȚțȠȓ ȑȜİȖȤȠȚ ĲȦȞ ıȣȞįȑıİȦȞ șĮ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ ȖȓȞȠȞĲĮȚ țĮĲȐ Ǽȁȅȉ EN ISO 10321 ȈĲȘȞ ʌİȡȓʌĲȦıȘ İȪțĮȝʌĲȘȢ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘȢ ĲȘȢ ȩȥȘȢ ĲȠȣ ĲȠȓȤȠȣ (ȝİ ĮȞĮįȓʌȜȦıȘ ĲȦȞ ıĲȡȫıİȦȞ ĲȠȣ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ ıĲȘȞ ʌȡȩıȠȥȘ ĲȠȣ ĲȠȓȤȠȣ), țĮĲȐ ĲȘȞ įȚȐıĲȡȦıȘ ĲȠȣ ʌȜȑȖȝĮĲȠȢ ĲȠȣ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ șĮ ĮĳȒȞİĲĮȚ İʌĮȡțȑȢ ȝȒțȠȢ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ ıĲȠ ȐțȡȠ ĲȘȢ ʌȡȩıȠȥȘȢ ȖȚĮ ĲȘȞ ȝİĲĮȖİȞȑıĲİȡȘ ĮȞĮįȓʌȜȦıȘ țĮȚ ĮȖțȪȡȦıȒ ĲȠȣ ıȪȝĳȦȞĮ ȝİ ĲȚȢ ĮʌĮȚĲȒıİȚȢ ĲȘȢ ȝİȜȑĲȘȢ. ȀĮĲȐ ĲȘȞ ĮȞĮįȓʌȜȦıȘ ĲȠȣ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ, ȠȚ įȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȠȪȝİȞİȢ ĮțĲȓȞİȢ țĮȝʌȣȜȩĲȘĲĮȢ șĮ İȓȞĮȚ ıȣȝȕĮĲȑȢ ȝİ ĲȚȢ ĲİȤȞȚțȑȢ ʌȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮĳȑȢ ĲȠȣ ȣȜȚțȠȪ ȫıĲİ ȞĮ ĮʌȠĳİȣȤșİȓ Ș ȡȘȖȝȐĲȦıȒ ĲȠȣ. ȈĲȚȢ ʌİȡȚʌĲȫıİȚȢ ȩʌȠȣ ĲȠ ĮȞĮįȚʌȜȠȪȝİȞȠ ȣȜȚțȩ ĲȘȢ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘȢ ĲȘȢ ȩȥȘȢ İȓȞĮȚ įȚĮĳȠȡİĲȚțȩ Įʌȩ ĲȠ ȣȜȚțȩ ĲȠȣ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ ĲȠȣ İʌȚȤȫȝĮĲȠȢ, Ș ıȪȞįİıȘ ĲȦȞ įȪȠ ȣȜȚțȫȞ șĮ ȖȓȞİĲĮȚ ıȪȝĳȦȞĮ ȝİ ĲȚȢ ȠįȘȖȓİȢ ĲȠȣ țĮĲĮıțİȣĮıĲȒ, ȫıĲİ ȞĮ İȟĮıĳĮȜȓȗİĲĮȚ Ș ĮʌĮȡĮȓĲȘĲȘ İĳİȜțȣıĲȚțȒ ĮȞĲȠȤȒ ĮȖțȪȡȦıȘȢ ĲȠȣ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ ĲȘȢ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ. ȉȑȜȠȢ, ıĲȘȞ ʌİȡȓʌĲȦıȘ İȪțĮȝʌĲȘȢ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘȢ ȝİ ĮȞĮįȓʌȜȦıȘ ĲȦȞ ıĲȡȫıİȦȞ ĲȠȣ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ ıĲȘȞ ʌȡȩıȠȥȘ ĲȠȣ ĲȠȓȤȠȣ, țĮĲȐ ĲȘ įȚȐıĲȡȦıȘ ĲȦȞ İįĮĳȚțȫȞ ıĲȡȫıİȦȞ ȝȑȤȡȚ ĲȘȞ ĮȞĮįȓʌȜȦıȘ țĮȚ ĮȖțȪȡȦıȘ ĲȠȣ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘȢ, ĮʌĮȚĲİȓĲĮȚ Ș ĲȠʌȠșȑĲȘıȘ țȐʌȠȚȠȣ ıȣıĲȒȝĮĲȠȢ ʌȡȠıȦȡȚȞȒȢ ȣʌȠıĲȒȡȚȟȘȢ ĲȠȣ ȣȜȚțȠȪ ĲȘȢ ʌȡȩıȠȥȘȢ (ıĲȠ ĮȞȣʌȠıĲȒȡȚțĲȠ ȪȥȠȢ) İȓĲİ ȝİ İȟȦĲİȡȚțȒ ĮȞĲȚıĲȒȡȚȟȘ, ʌ.Ȥ. ȝİ İȟȦĲİȡȚțȒ ıțĮȜȦıȚȐ (ıȤȒȝĮ 7) İȓĲİ ȝİ İıȦĲİȡȚțȒ ĮȣĲȠ-ȣʌȠıĲȒȡȚȟȘ, ʌ.Ȥ. ȝİ ĲȘȞ ĲȠʌȠșȑĲȘıȘ ıȐțȦȞ ʌȜȘȡȦȝȑȞȦȞ ȝİ İįĮĳȚțȩ ȣȜȚțȩ ıĲȘȞ ʌȡȩıȠȥȘ, ȠȚ ȠʌȠȓȠȚ ȣʌȠıĲȘȡȓȗȠȣȞ ʌȡȠıȦȡȚȞȐ ĲȠ ȩʌȚıșİȞ ĮȣĲȫȞ ȣȜȚțȩ ĲȘȢ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ ȝȑȤȡȚ ĲȘȞ ȠȜȠțȜȒȡȦıȘ ĲȠȣ ĮʌĮȚĲȠȪȝİȞȠȣ ʌȐȤȠȣȢ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ țĮȚ ĲȘȞ ĮȞĮįȓʌȜȦıȘ ĲȠȣ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘȢ.

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Ǿ įȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ ĲȠʌȠșȑĲȘıȘȢ ĲȠȣ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ țĮȚ ĲȘȢ įȚȐıĲȡȦıȘȢ ĲȘȢ İʌȩȝİȞȘȢ ıĲȡȫıȘȢ ȣȜȚțȠȪ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ, șĮ ȖȓȞİĲĮȚ ȝİ ĲȡȩʌȠ, ȫıĲİ ĲĮ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȠȪȝİȞĮ ȝȘȤĮȞȒȝĮĲĮ ȖȚĮ ĲȘȞ ĲȠʌȠșȑĲȘıȘ ĲȠȣ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ țĮȚ ĲȘ įȚȐıĲȡȦıȘ ĲȘȢ İʌȩȝİȞȘȢ ıĲȡȫıȘȢ ĲȘȢ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ, ȞĮ ȝȘȞ țȣțȜȠĳȠȡȠȪȞ ıĲȠȞ ȒįȘ ĲȠʌȠșİĲȘȝȑȞȠ ȠʌȜȚıȝȩ, ʌȡȚȞ įȚĮıĲȡȦșİȓ İʌ’ ĮȣĲȠȪ Ș İʌȩȝİȞȘ ıĲȡȫıȘ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ. ȈȤȒȝĮ 5 - ȉȪʌȠȚ ıȣȡȡĮĳȫȞ ȖİȦȨĳĮıȝȐĲȦȞ. ȈȤȒȝĮ 6 - ȈȪȞįİıȘ ȖİȦʌȜİȖȝȐĲȦȞ ĲȪʌȠȣ “Bodkin”.

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ȈȤȒȝĮ 7 - ȈȪıĲȘȝĮ İȟȦĲİȡȚțȒȢ ĮȞĲȚıĲȒȡȚȟȘȢ ʌȡȩıȠȥȘȢ ĲȠȓȤȠȣ ĮȞĲȚıĲȒȡȚȟȘȢ Įʌȩ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȒ. ȀĮĲȐ ĲȘ įȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ ĲȠʌȠșȑĲȘıȘȢ ĲȠȣ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ țĮșȫȢ țĮȚ ĲȘȢ įȚȐıĲȡȦıȘȢ țĮȚ ıȣȝʌȪțȞȦıȘȢ ĲȠȣ ȣȜȚțȠȪ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ, șĮ įȓȞİĲĮȚ ȚįȚĮȓĲİȡȘ ʌȡȠıȠȤȒ ȫıĲİ ȞĮ ĮʌȠĳİȣȤșȠȪȞ ȕȜȐȕİȢ (ȝİĲĮțȚȞȒıİȚȢ, ʌĮȡĮȝȠȡĳȫıİȚȢ, ȡȘȖȝĮĲȫıİȚȢ, țȜʌ) ĲȦȞ ȒįȘ ĲȠʌȠșİĲȘȝȑȞȦȞ ıĲȠȚȤİȓȦȞ ĲȘȢ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘȢ ʌȑȡĮȞ ĲȦȞ ʌȡȠȕȜİʌȠȝȑȞȦȞ țĮĲĮıțİȣĮıĲȚțȫȞ ĮȞȠȤȫȞ ĲȘȢ ȝİȜȑĲȘȢ țĮȚ ĲȦȞ ĮʌĮȚĲȒıİȦȞ ĲȠȣ țĮĲĮıțİȣĮıĲȒ. ȂȘȤĮȞȒȝĮĲĮ ȝİ ĳȠȡĲȓȠ ĲȡȠȤȠȪ ȐȞȦ ĲȦȞ 350 kg (3.5 kN) įİȞ șĮ ʌȡȠıİȖȖȓȗȠȣȞ ĲȘȞ ʌȡȩıȠȥȘ ĲȠȣ ĲȠȓȤȠȣ Ȓ ĲȠ İȜİȪșİȡȠ ȐțȡȠ ĮʌȩĲȠȝȠȣ ʌȡĮȞȠȪȢ (ıĲȘȞ ʌİȡȓʌĲȦıȘ ĲȠȓȤȦȞ ȝİ İȪțĮȝʌĲȘ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘ) ıİĮʌȩıĲĮıȘ ȝȚțȡȩĲİȡȘ ĲȠȣ İȞȩȢ ȝȑĲȡȠȣ. Ǿ ʌȡȠıȑȖȖȚıȘ ȕĮȡȑȦȞ ȝȘȤĮȞȘȝȐĲȦȞ (ȖİȡĮȞȫȞ, țȜʌ) İʌȓ ĲȠȣ İʌȚȤȫȝĮĲȠȢ ıİ ĮʌȩıĲĮıȘ ȝȚțȡȩĲİȡȘ Įʌȩ 1.5 ĳȠȡȑȢ ĲȠ țĮĲĮıțİȣĮıșȑȞ ȪȥȠȢ ĲȠȣ ĲȠȓȤȠȣ șĮ ȖȓȞİĲĮȚ ȝİĲȐ Įʌȩ ȑȜİȖȤȠ ĲȘȢ İȣıĲȐșİȚĮȢ. Ǿ İȜȐȤȚıĲȘ ĮʌȩıĲĮıȘ ʌȡȠıȑȖȖȚıȘȢ ĲȦȞ ȕĮȡȑȦȞ ȝȘȤĮȞȘȝȐĲȦȞ ıȣȝʌȪțȞȦıȘȢ (ȠįȠıĲȡȦĲȒȡİȢ) Įʌȩ ĲȘȞ ʌȡȩıȠȥȘ ĲȠȣ ĲȠȓȤȠȣ șĮ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ țĮșȠȡȓȗİĲĮȚ ıĲȘ ȝİȜȑĲȘ ĮȜȜȐ ıİ țĮȝȓĮ ʌİȡȓʌĲȦıȘ įİȞ șĮ İȓȞĮȚ ȝȚțȡȩĲİȡȘ ĲȠȣ İȞȩȢ ȝȑĲȡȠȣ. Ǿ ıȣȝʌȪțȞȦıȘ ĲȠȣ ȣȜȚțȠȪ ĲȘȢ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ ıĲȠ ĲȝȒȝĮ ȩʌȠȣ įİȞ İʌȚĲȡȑʌİĲĮȚ Ș ʌȡȩıȕĮıȘ ĲȦȞ ȕĮȡȑȦȞ ȝȘȤĮȞȘȝȐĲȦȞ ıȣȝʌȪțȞȦıȘȢ șĮ ȖȓȞİĲĮȚ ȝİ ȑȞĮ Įʌȩ ĲȠȣȢ ĮțȩȜȠȣșȠȣȢ ĲȡȩʌȠȣȢ: (Į) ȤİȚȡȠțȓȞȘĲȘ Ȓ İȜțȩȝİȞȘ įȠȞȘĲȚțȒ ʌȜȐțĮ (vibro-tamper/vibrating plate compactor) ȝȐȗĮȢ ȑȦȢ 1000 kg,

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(ȕ) İȜțȩȝİȞȠ Ȓ ĮȣĲȠțȚȞȠȪȝİȞȠ įȠȞȘĲȚțȩ ȠįȠıĲȡȦĲȒȡĮ ĮʌȜȠȪ ĲȣȝʌȐȞȠȣ ȝȐȗĮȢ ȑȦȢ 1300 kg ĮȞȐ ĲȡȑȤȠȞ ȝȑĲȡȠ ĲȣȝʌȐȞȠȣ țĮȚ ıȣȞȠȜȚțȒȢ ȝȐȗĮȢ ȑȦȢ 1500 kg. 5.1.4 ȀĮĲĮıțİȣȒ ĲȘȢ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘȢ Ǿ ĲȠʌȠșȑĲȘıȘ ĲȦȞ ȐțĮȝʌĲȦȞ ıĲȠȚȤİȓȦȞ ĲȘȢ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘȢ (facing) șĮ ʌȡȠȘȖİȓĲĮȚ ĲȘȢ įȚȐıĲȡȦıȘȢ țĮȚ ıȣȝʌȪțȞȦıȘȢ ĲȘȢ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ ȝİ įȚĮĳȠȡȐ ıĲȐșȝȘȢ ĲȠȣȜȐȤȚıĲȠȞ 15 cm (įȘȜĮįȒ ĲĮ ıĲȠȚȤİȓĮ ĲȘȢ ʌȡȩıȠȥȘȢ șĮ İȓȞĮȚ ıİ ıĲȐșȝȘ ĲȠȣȜȐȤȚıĲȠȞ 15 cm ȣȥȘȜȩĲİȡĮ Įʌȩ ĲȘ ıĲȐșȝȘ ĲȘȢ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ. Ǿ țĮĲȫĲİȡȘ ıĲȡȫıȘ ĲȦȞ ıĲȠȚȤİȓȦȞ ĮȣĲȫȞ șĮ ʌİȡȚȜĮȝȕȐȞİȚ țĮȚ ȘȝȚ-ıĲȠȚȤİȓĮ (įȘȜĮįȒ ıĲȠȚȤİȓĮ ȝİ ĲȠ ȒȝȚıȣ ĲȠȣ ʌȜȒȡȠȣȢ ȪȥȠȣȢ) ȫıĲİ ȞĮ ȝȠȡĳȦșİȓ Ƞ țȐȞȞĮȕȠȢ ıȣȝʌȜȠțȒȢ ĲȦȞ ıĲȠȚȤİȓȦȞ ĲȘȢ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘȢ ıȪȝĳȦȞĮ ȝİ ĲȘ ȝİȜȑĲȘ țĮȚ ĲȚȢ ȠįȘȖȓİȢ ĲȠȣ țĮĲĮıțİȣĮıĲȒ. 5.2 ȀĮĲĮıțİȣȒ ıĲȡĮȖȖȚıĲȘȡȓȦȞ Ǿ ĮʌȠıĲȡȐȖȖȚıȘ ĲȘȢ țĮĲĮıțİȣȒȢ İȓȞĮȚ ĮʌĮȡĮȓĲȘĲȘ ȖȚĮ ĲȘȞ ĮʌȠĳȣȖȒ ĮȞȐʌĲȣȟȘȢ ȣįĮĲȚțȫȞ ʌȚȑıİȦȞ țĮȚ ĮʌȠȝİȓȦıȘȢ ĲȦȞ ȤĮȡĮțĲȘȡȚıĲȚțȫȞ ĮȞĲȠȤȒȢ ĲȠȣ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ. ȈĲȚȢ ʌİȡȚʌĲȫıİȚȢ ȑȡȖȦȞ ĮȞĲȚıĲȒȡȚȟȘȢ ĮȣĲȠțȚȞȘĲȠįȡȩȝȦȞ Ȓ ıȚįȘȡȠįȡȠȝȚțȫȞ ȖȡĮȝȝȫȞ ʌȜȒȡȠȣȢ ȪȥȠȣȢ (ȑȦȢ țĮȚ ĲȠ ȠįȩıĲȡȦȝĮ Ȓ ĲȘ ıĲȐșȝȘ ĲȠʌȠșȑĲȘıȘȢ ĲȠȣ ȑȡȝĮĲȠȢ ĲȘȢ İʌȚįȠȝȒȢ), Ș ĮʌȠıĲȡȐȖȖȚıȘ ĲȦȞ İʌȚĳĮȞİȚĮțȫȞ ȞİȡȫȞ İȓȞĮȚ įȣȞĮĲȩȞ ȞĮ ȣȜȠʌȠȚİȓĲĮȚ ȝİ ıĲİȖĮȞȩ țĮȞȐȜȚ ıĲȘȞ ȐțȡȘ ĲȠȣ ȠįȠıĲȡȫȝĮĲȠȢ (įİȢ ıȤȒȝĮ 8Į) Ȓ ȝȑıȦ ĲȘȢ įȚȐĲĮȟȘȢ ĲȠȣ ıȤȒȝĮĲȠȢ 8ȕ (ȖȚĮ ĲȘȞ ĮʌȠĳȣȖȒ įȚİȓıįȣıȘȢ ĲȦȞ ȞİȡȫȞ İȞĲȩȢ ĲȠȣ İįĮĳȚțȠȪ ȣȜȚțȠȪ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ). ȈĲȚȢ ʌİȡȚʌĲȫıİȚȢ ȑȡȖȦȞ ĮȞĲȚıĲȒȡȚȟȘȢ ȝİȡȚțȠȪ ȪȥȠȣȢ șĮ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ ȜĮȝȕȐȞİĲĮȚ ʌȡȩȞȠȚĮ ĮʌȠıĲȡȐȖȖȚıȘȢ ĲȦȞ İʌȚĳĮȞİȚĮțȫȞ ȞİȡȫȞ ĲȘȢ ʌĮȡİȚȐȢ ĲȠȣ įȚĮȝȠȡĳȠȪȝİȞȠȣ ʌȡĮȞȠȪȢ ȝİ ʌȡȩıșİĲȘ ĮʌȠıĲȡȐȖȖȚıȘ ıĲȠ ʌȐȞȦ ĲȝȒȝĮ ĲȘȢ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘȢ (ıȤȒȝĮ 6Ȗ). Ȉİ țĮĲĮıțİȣȑȢ ıĲȒȡȚȟȘȢ ĮțȡȠȕȐșȡȦȞ ȖİĳȣȡȫȞ ʌȡȩȞȠȚĮ ĮʌȠıĲȡȐȖȖȚıȘȢ ĲȦȞ ȩʌȠȚȦȞ įȚĮȡȡȠȫȞ İț ĲȠȣ țĮĲĮıĲȡȫȝĮĲȠȢ șĮ ȣȜȠʌȠȚİȓĲĮȚ ȝİ ĲȘȞ țĮĲĮıțİȣȒ ĲȠȣ ıȤȒȝĮĲȠȢ 9. ȈĲȘȞ ʌİȡȓʌĲȦıȘ ȩʌȠȣ ĮȞĮȝȑȞİĲĮȚ įȚȒșȘıȘ ȣʌȩȖİȚȠȣ ȞİȡȠȪ Įʌȩ ĲȠ ĳȣıȚțȩ ȑįĮĳȠȢ (ʌȓıȦ Įʌȩ ĲȠ İʌȓȤȦȝĮ) ʌȡȠȢ ĲȠ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȠ İʌȓȤȦȝĮ, ıĲȘ ȝİȜȑĲȘ șĮ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ ʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİĲĮȚ Ș țĮĲĮıțİȣȒ įȚĮȤȦȡȚıĲȚțȒȢ ĮʌȠıĲȡĮȖȖȚıĲȚțȒȢ ıĲȡȫıȘȢ ıĲȘȞ ʌĮȡİȚȐ țĮȚ ıĲȘ ȕȐıȘ ĲȠȣ İʌȚȤȫȝĮĲȠȢ ʌȠȣ ȑȡȤİĲĮȚ ıİ İʌĮĳȒ ȝİ ĲȠ ĳȣıȚțȩ ȑįĮĳȠȢ ȫıĲİ ȞĮ ĮʌȠıĲȡĮȖȖȓȗȠȞĲĮȚ ȠȚ ĲȣȤȩȞ ȣʌȩȖİȚİȢ įȚȘșȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȞĮ ĮʌȐȖȠȞĲĮȚ ĮıĳĮȜȫȢ ıİ țȐʌȠȚȠȞ ĮʌȠįȑțĲȘ (ıȤȒȝĮ 10).

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ȈȤȒȝĮ 8 - ǹʌȠıĲȡȐȖȖȚıȘ İʌȚĳĮȞİȚĮțȫȞ ĮʌȠȡȡȠȫȞ ıİ ȑȡȖĮ ĮȞĲȚıĲȒȡȚȟȘȢ İʌȚȤȦȝȐĲȦȞ ȠįȠʌȠȚȓĮȢ ȝİ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȘ.

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ȈȤȒȝĮ 9 - ǹʌȠıĲȡȐȖȖȚıȘ İʌȚĳĮȞİȚĮțȫȞ ĮʌȠȡȡȠȫȞ ıİ ȑȡȖĮ ıĲȒȡȚȟȘȢ ĮțȡȠȕȐșȡȦȞ ȖİĳȣȡȫȞ ȝİ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȘ

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ȈȤȒȝĮ 10 - ǹʌȠıĲȡȐȖȖȚıȘ ȣʌȠȖİȓȦȞ ȞİȡȫȞ ıİ ȑȡȖĮ ĮȞĲȚıĲȒȡȚȟȘȢ ȝİ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȘ 5.3 ǹȞȠȤȑȢ ȀĮĲȐ ĲȘȞ țĮĲĮıțİȣȒ țĮȚ ıȣȝʌȪțȞȦıȘ ĲȦȞ ıĲȡȫıİȦȞ ĲȘȢ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ șĮ ȚıȤȪȠȣȞ țĮȚ ĲĮ İȟȒȢ : x Ǿ ȝȑȖȚıĲȘ įȚȐıĲĮıȘ țȩțțȠȣ ĲȠȣ ȣȜȚțȠȪ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ įİȞ șĮ ȣʌİȡȕĮȓȞİȚ ĲĮ 2/3 ĲȠȣ ʌȐȤȠȣȢ ĲȘȢ țȐșİ ıĲȡȫıȘȢ ȝİĲȐ ĲȘ ıȣȝʌȪțȞȦıȘ x ȉȠ ʌȐȤȠȢ ĲȦȞ İįĮĳȚțȫȞ ıĲȡȫıİȦȞ ȝİĲȐ ĲȘ ıȣȝʌȪțȞȦıȘ șĮ İȓȞĮȚ ȓıȠ Ȓ ȣʌȠ-ʌȠȜȜĮʌȜȐıȚȠ ĲȘȢ țĮș’ ȪȥȠȢ ĮʌȩıĲĮıȘȢ ȝİĲĮȟȪ ĲȦȞ įȚĮįȠȤȚțȫȞ ıĲȡȫıİȦȞ ĲȠȣ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ, ĲȘȢ ȠʌȠȓĮȢ Ș ȝȑȖȚıĲȘ ĲȚȝȒ įİȞ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ ȟİʌİȡȞȐ ĲĮ 0.90 m

6 ǻȠțȚȝȑȢ țĮȚ ȑȜİȖȤȠȚ

īȚĮ ĲȠȞ ʌȠȚȠĲȚțȩ ȑȜİȖȤȠ ĲȦȞ țĮĲĮıțİȣĮıȝȑȞȦȞ ȑȡȖȦȞ ĮȞĲȚıĲȒȡȚȟȘȢ Įʌȩ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȒ, ĮʌĮȚĲȠȪȞĲĮȚ ȠȚ ʌĮȡĮțȐĲȦ įȠțȚȝȑȢ țĮȚ ȑȜİȖȤȠȚ: x ǲȜİȖȤȠȢ ȆȡȦĲȠțȩȜȜȦȞ ȆĮȡĮȜĮȕȒȢ ĲȦȞ İȞıȦȝĮĲȠȪȝİȞȦȞ ȣȜȚțȫȞ. x ǲȜİȖȤȠȢ ĭĮțȑȜȠȣ ȈĲȠȚȤİȓȦȞ țĮȚ ǻȠțȚȝȫȞ.

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x ȆİȡȚȠįȚțȩȢ ȑȜİȖȤȠȢ İȣıĲȐșİȚĮȢ ĲȦȞ țĮĲĮıțİȣĮıȝȑȞȦȞ İʌȚȤȦȝȐĲȦȞ 6.1 ǹʌȠįȠȤȒ ĲİȜİȚȦȝȑȞȠȣ ȑȡȖȠȣ ĮȞĲȚıĲȘȡȓȟİȦȢ Įʌȩ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȒ x ȈȣȝĳȦȞȓĮ ĲȘȢ țĮĲĮıțİȣȒȢ ȝİ ĲĮ ȣȥȩȝİĲȡĮ țĮȚ ĲȘȞ ȠȡȚȗȠȞĲȚȠȖȡĮĳȚțȒ șȑıȘ ĲȘȢ ȝİȜȑĲȘȢ țĮȚ İȞĲȩȢ ĲȦȞ ĮȞȠȤȫȞ ĲȘȢ ȝİȜȑĲȘȢ. x ȋȡȒıȘ țĮĲȐȜȜȘȜȦȞ ȣȜȚțȫȞ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ, įȚȐıĲȡȦıȘ țĮȚ ıȣȝʌȪțȞȦıȒ ĲȠȣȢ țĮĲȐ ĲȚȢ ʌȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮĳȑȢ. x ȋȡȒıȘ ȣȜȚțȫȞ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ țĮȚ ıĲȠȚȤİȓȦȞ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘȢ ıȪȝĳȦȞĮ ȝİ ĲȚȢ ʌȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮĳȑȢ. x ȅȡșȒ ĲȠʌȠșȑĲȘıȘ ĲȠȣ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ țĮȚ ĲȦȞ ıĲȠȚȤİȓȦȞ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘȢ ĲȘȢ ʌȡȩıȠȥȘȢ, İʌĮȡțȒȢ ıȪȞįİıȒ ĲȠȣȢ, İʌĮȡțȒȢ ĮȖțȪȡȦıȘ ĲȠȣ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ. ȆĮȡĮȝȠȡĳȫıİȚȢ ĲȘȢ ȩȥȘȢ ĲȠȣ ĲȠȓȤȠȣ İȞĲȩȢ ĲȦȞ ĮȞȠȤȫȞ ĲȘȢ ȝİȜȑĲȘȢ țĮȚ ĲȦȞ ĮʌĮȚĲȒıİȦȞ ȜİȚĲȠȣȡȖȚțȩĲȘĲĮȢ. x ȀĮĲĮıțİȣȒ ĲȠȣ ıȣıĲȒȝĮĲȠȢ ĮʌȠıĲȡȐȖȖȚıȘȢ ıȪȝĳȦȞĮ ȝİ ĲȚȢ ĮʌĮȚĲȒıİȚȢ ĲȘȢ ȝİȜȑĲȘȢ.

7 ǵȡȠȚ țĮȚ ĮʌĮȚĲȒıİȚȢ ȣȖİȓĮȢ – ĮıĳȐȜİȚĮȢ İȡȖĮȗȠȝȑȞȦȞ țĮȚ ʌȡȠıĲĮıȓĮȢ

ʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞĲȠȢ

7.1 ȆȘȖȑȢ țȚȞįȪȞȠȣ țĮĲȐ ĲȘȞ İțĲȑȜİıȘ ĲȦȞ İȡȖĮıȚȫȞ x ȀĮĲȐ ʌİȡȓʌĲȦıȘ, ıȣȞșȒțİȢ İȡȖĮıȓĮȢ ıİ ʌİȡȚȠȡȚıȝȑȞȠ ȤȫȡȠ Ȓ țĮȚ ıİ ȪȥȠȢ Įʌȩ ĲȘȞ İʌȚĳȐȞİȚĮ ĲȠȣ İįȐĳȠȣȢ. x ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢ ȘȜİțĲȡȠʌȜȘȟȓĮȢ. x ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢ ȕȡĮȤȣțȣțȜȫȝĮĲȠȢ țĮȚ ʌȣȡțĮȖȚȐȢ Ȓ İʌȑțĲĮıȘ ĲȘȢ ʌȣȡțĮȖȚȐȢ ıİ ȣįȡĮȣȜȚțȐ ȜȐįȚĮ. x ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢ İȡȖĮıȓĮȢ ȝİ ʌİʌȚİıȝȑȞȠ ĮȑȡĮ. x ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢ ȝİĲĮĳȠȡȐȢ ȕĮȡȚȫȞ ĮȞĲȚțİȚȝȑȞȦȞ. x ǼȡȖĮıȓĮ ıİ ıȣȞșȒțİȢ șȠȡȪȕȠȣ. 7.2 ȂȑĲȡĮ ȣȖȚİȚȞȒȢ - ĮıĳȐȜİȚĮȢ ǼȓȞĮȚ ȣʌȠȤȡİȦĲȚțȒ Ș ıȣȝȝȩȡĳȦıȘ ʌȡȠȢ ĲĮ ʌĮȡĮțȐĲȦ ȞȠȝȚțȐ țİȓȝİȞĮ, ʌȠȣ İȓȞĮȚ ıȤİĲȚțȐ ȝİ ĲȘȞ ĮıĳȐȜİȚĮ țĮȚ ȣȖȚİȚȞȒ ĲȦȞ İȡȖĮȗȠȝȑȞȦȞ ıİ ĲİȤȞȚțȐ ȑȡȖĮ. x Ȇ.ǻ. 305/96 "ǼȜȐȤȚıĲİȢ ʌȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮĳȑȢ ĮıĳĮȜİȓĮȢ țĮȚ ȣȖİȓĮȢ ʌȠȣ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ İĳĮȡȝȩȗȠȞĲĮȚ ıĲĮ ʌȡȠıȦȡȚȞȐ Ȓ țȚȞȘĲȐ İȡȖȠĲȐȟȚĮ, ıİ ıȣȝȝȩȡĳȦıȘ ʌȡȠȢ ĲȘȞ ȠįȘȖȓĮ 92/57/ǼȅȀ" (ĭǼȀ 212ǹ/29-8-96), ıİ ıȣȞįȣĮıȝȩ ȝİ ĲȘȞ ȣʌ' ĮȡȚșȝ. 130159/7-5-97 ǼȖțȪțȜȚȠ ĲȠȣ ȊʌȠȣȡȖİȓȠȣ ǼȡȖĮıȓĮȢ țĮȚ ĲȘȞ ǼīȀȊȀȁǿȅ 11 (ǹȡ. ȆȡȦĲ. ǻ16Į/165/10/258/ǹĭ/19-5-97) ĲȠȣ ȊȆǼȋȍǻǼ, ıȤİĲȚțȐ ȝİ ĲȠ İȞ ȜȩȖȦ Ȇ.ǻ. x Ȇ.ǻ.1073/16-9-81 “Ȇİȡȓ ȝȑĲȡȦȞ ĮıĳĮȜİȓĮȢ țĮĲȐ ĲȘȞ İțĲȑȜİıȘ İȡȖĮıȚȫȞ İȚȢ İȡȖȠĲȐȟȚĮ ȠȚțȠįȠȝȚțȫȞ țĮȚ ʌȐıȘȢ ĳȪıİȦȢ ȑȡȖȦȞ ĮȡȝȠįȚȩĲȘĲĮȢ ȆȠȜȚĲȚțȠȪ ȂȘȤĮȞȚțȠȪ’’ x Ȇ.ǻ. 396/94 ĭǼȀ:221/ǹ/94 «ǼȜȐȤȚıĲİȢ ʌȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮĳȑȢ ĮıĳȐȜİȚĮȢ țĮȚ ȣȖİȓĮȢ ȖȚĮ ĲȘ ȤȡȒıȘ Įʌȩ ĲȠȣȢ İȡȖĮȗȩȝİȞȠȣȢ İȟȠʌȜȚıȝȫȞ ĮĲȠȝȚțȒȢ ʌȡȠıĲĮıȓĮȢ țĮĲȐ ĲȘȞ İȡȖĮıȓĮ ıİ ıȣȝȝȩȡĳȦıȘ ʌȡȠȢ ĲȘȞ ȠįȘȖȓĮ ĲȠȣ ȈȣȝȕȠȣȜȓȠȣ 89/656/ǼȅȀ». ȊʌȠȤȡİȦĲȚțȒ İʌȓıȘȢ İȓȞĮȚ Ș ȤȡȒıȘ ȝȑıȦȞ ĮĲȠȝȚțȒȢ ʌȡȠıĲĮıȓĮȢ (ȂǹȆ) țĮĲȐ ĲȘȞ İțĲȑȜİıȘ ĲȦȞ İȡȖĮıȚȫȞ. ȅȚ İȜȐȤȚıĲİȢ ĮʌĮȚĲȒıİȚȢ İȓȞĮȚ ȠȚ İȟȒȢ:

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ȆȓȞĮțĮȢ 7 - ȂǹȆ ǼȓįȠȢ ȂǹȆ ȈȤİĲȚțȩ ȆȡȩĲȣʌȠ ȆȡȠıĲĮĲİȣĲȚțȒ İȞįȣȝĮıȓĮ Ǽȁȅȉ EN 863 ȆȡȠıĲĮıȓĮ ȤİȡȚȫȞ țĮȚ ȕȡĮȤȚȩȞȦȞ Ǽȁȅȉ EN 388 ȆȡȠıĲĮıȓĮ țİĳĮȜȚȠȪ Ǽȁȅȉ EN 397: ȆȡȠıĲĮıȓĮ ʌȠįȚȫȞ Ǽȁȅȉ EN ISO 20345 x Ȇ.ǻ. 85/91 (ĭǼȀ 38/ǹ91) ıȤİĲȚțȐ ȝİ ĲȘȞ ʌȡȠıĲĮıȓĮ ĲȦȞ İȡȖĮȗȠȝȑȞȦȞ Įʌȩ ĲȠȣȢ țȚȞįȪȞȠȣȢ ʌȠȣ įȚĮĲȡȑȤȠȣȞ ȜȩȖȦ ĲȘȢ ȑțșİıȒȢ ĲȠȣȢ ıĲȠ șȩȡȣȕȠ țĮĲȐ ĲȘȞ İȡȖĮıȓĮ ıİ ıȣȝȝȩȡĳȦıȘ ʌȡȠȢ ĲȘȞ ȠįȘȖȓĮ 86/188/ǼȅȀ. x Ȇ.ǻ 397/94 (ĭǼȀ 221/ǹ/94) ǼȜȐȤȚıĲİȢ ʌȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮĳȑȢ ĮıĳȐȜİȚĮȢ țĮȚ ȣȖİȓĮȢ țĮĲȐ ĲȘȞ ȤİȚȡȦȞĮțĲȚțȒ įȚĮțȓȞȘıȘ ĳȠȡĲȓȦȞ ʌȠȣ ıȣȞİʌȐȖİĲĮȚ țȓȞįȣȞȠ ȚįȓȦȢ ȖȚĮ ĲȘȞ ȡȐȤȘ țĮȚ ĲȘȞ ȠıĳȣȧțȒ ȤȫȡĮ ĲȦȞ İȡȖĮȗȠȝȑȞȦȞ ıİ ıȣȝȝȩȡĳȦıȘ ʌȡȠȢ ĲȘȞ ȠįȘȖȓĮ ĲȠȣ ȈȣȝȕȠȣȜȓȠȣ 90/269/ǼȅȀ. x ǵȜİȢ ȠȚ İʌȓ ȝȑȡȠȣȢ ȝȘȤĮȞȚțȑȢ įȚĮĲȐȟİȚȢ șĮ ıȣȝȝȠȡĳȫȞȠȞĲĮȚ ʌȡȠȢ ĲĮ ȚıȤȪȠȞĲĮ ȆȡȩĲȣʌĮ ȖȚĮ ĲȘȞ ǹıĳȐȜİȚĮ ĲȦȞ ȂȘȤĮȞȫȞ

8 ȉȡȩʌȠȢ İʌȚȝȑĲȡȘıȘȢ İȡȖĮıȚȫȞ

Ǿ İʌȚȝȑĲȡȘıȘ, ȩĲĮȞ ĮʌĮȚĲİȓĲĮȚ, ȖȓȞİĲĮȚ ıİ țȣȕȚțȐ ȝȑĲȡĮ țĮĲĮıțİȣĮıȝȑȞȠȣ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȠȣ İįĮĳȚțȠȪ ȣȜȚțȠȪ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ, ıȪȝĳȦȞĮ ȝİ ĲȚȢ ĮʌĮȚĲȒıİȚȢ ĲȘȢ ȝİȜȑĲȘȢ țĮȚ ĲȘȢ ʌĮȡȠȪıĮȢ ȆȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮĳȒȢ. ǻİȞ İʌȚȝİĲȡȫȞĲĮȚ ȤȦȡȚıĲȐ, įȚȩĲȚ İȓȞĮȚ İȞıȦȝĮĲȦȝȑȞİȢ, ȩȜİȢ ȠȚ ĮȞĮȖțĮȓİȢ İȡȖĮıȓİȢ țĮșȫȢ țĮȚ ĲĮ ʌȐıȘȢ ĳȪıİȦȢ ȣȜȚțȐ țĮȚ İȟȠʌȜȚıȝȩȢ, Ș İȟĮıĳȐȜȚıȘ țĮȚ Ș țĮĲĮȞȐȜȦıȘ ĲȘȢ İȞȑȡȖİȚĮȢ, țĮșȫȢ țĮȚ țȐșİ ȐȜȜȘ ıȣȝʌĮȡȠȝĮȡĲȠȪıĮ įȡȐıȘ ĮʌĮȚĲȠȪȝİȞȘ ȖȚĮ ĲȘȞ ʌȜȒȡȘ țĮȚ ȑȞĲİȤȞȘ țĮĲȐ ĲĮ ĮȞȦĲȑȡȦ țĮĲĮıțİȣȒ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȠȣ İįĮĳȚțȠȪ ȣȜȚțȠȪ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ ȑȡȖȦȞ ĮȞĲȚıĲȒȡȚȟȘȢ. ǼȚįȚțȩĲİȡĮ, İȞįİȚțĲȚțȐ ĮȜȜȐ ȩȤȚ ʌİȡȚȠȡȚıĲȚțȐ, įİȞ İʌȚȝİĲȡȫȞĲĮȚ ȤȦȡȚıĲȐ ĲĮ ʌĮȡĮțȐĲȦ: x Ǿ ʌȡȠȝȒșİȚĮ ȩȜȦȞ ĲȦȞ ĮʌĮȡĮȓĲȘĲȦȞ ȣȜȚțȫȞ, ȝȚțȡȠȣȜȚțȫȞ țĮȚ ĮȞĮȜȫıȚȝȦȞ x Ǿ ȝİĲĮĳȠȡȐ Įʌȩ ȠʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠĲİ ĮʌȩıĲĮıȘ țĮȚ ʌȡȠıȦȡȚȞȒ ĮʌȠșȒțİȣıȒ ĲȠȣȢ x Ǿ İȞıȦȝȐĲȦıȒ ĲȠȣȢ ıĲȠ ȑȡȖȠ x ĭșȠȡȐ țĮȚ ĮʌȠȝİȓȦıȘ ĲȦȞ ȣȜȚțȫȞ țĮȚ Ș ĮʌȩıȕİıȘ țĮȚ ȠȚ ıĲĮȜȓİȢ ĲȠȣ İȟȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ x Ǿ įȚȐșİıȘ ĲȠȣ ĮʌĮȡĮȓĲȘĲȠȣ ʌȡȠıȦʌȚțȠȪ țĮȚ İȟȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ ȝİ ȩȜĮ ĲĮ İȟĮȡĲȒȝĮĲĮ Ȓ țĮȚ İȡȖĮȜİȓĮ x Ǿ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘ ĲȘȢ ʌȡȩıȠȥȘȢ ȝİ İȪțĮȝʌĲĮ ıĲȠȚȤİȓĮ x Ǿ ʌȡĮȖȝĮĲȠʌȠȓȘıȘ ȩȜȦȞ ĲȦȞ ĮʌĮȚĲȠȪȝİȞȦȞ įȠțȚȝȫȞ, İȜȑȖȤȦȞ ț.Ȝ.ʌ. ȖȚĮ ĲȘȞ ʌȜȒȡȘ țĮȚ ȑȞĲİȤȞȘ İțĲȑȜİıȘ ĲȘȢ İȡȖĮıȓĮȢ ıȪȝĳȦȞĮ ȝİ ĲȘȞ ʌĮȡȠȪıĮ ȆȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮĳȒ, țĮșȫȢ țĮȚ ĲȦȞ ĲȣȤȩȞ įȚȠȡșȦĲȚțȫȞ ȝȑĲȡȦȞ (İȡȖĮıȓĮ țĮȚ ȣȜȚțȐ), İȐȞ įȚĮʌȚıĲȦșȠȪȞ ȝȘ ıȣȝȝȠȡĳȫıİȚȢ, țĮĲȐ ĲȚȢ įȠțȚȝȑȢ țĮȚ ĲȠȣȢ İȜȑȖȤȠȣȢ. ȆȑȡĮȞ ĲȠȪĲȦȞ, șĮ İʌȚȝİĲȡȫȞĲĮȚ ȤȦȡȚıĲȐ: x ȉĮ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȠȪȝİȞĮ ıĲȠȚȤİȓĮ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ (șĮ İʌȚȝİĲȡȫȞĲĮȚ ȝİ ĲȠ ȤȚȜȚȩȖȡĮȝȝȠ ȕȐȡȠȣȢ).

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x Ǿ İʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘ ĲȘȢ ʌȡȩıȠȥȘȢ ȝİ ȐțĮȝʌĲĮ ıĲȠȚȤİȓĮ (șĮ İʌȚȝİĲȡȐĲĮȚ ĮȞȐ ĲİĲȡĮȖȦȞȚțȩ ȝȑĲȡȠ ȩȥİȦȢ).

x ȉȠ ĲȝȒȝĮ ĲȠȣ İįĮĳȚțȠȪ ȣȜȚțȠȪ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ, ĲȠ ȠʌȠȓȠ įİȞ ĳȑȡİȚ ıĲȠȚȤİȓĮ ȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪ (șĮ İʌȚȝİĲȡȐĲĮȚ ĮȞȐ țȣȕȚțȩ ȝȑĲȡȠ).

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9 ǺȚȕȜȚȠȖȡĮĳȓĮ

BS 8006:1995 «Code of practice for strengthened/reinforced soils and other fills -- KĮȞȩȞİȢ ȖȚĮ ĲȘȞ İȞȓıȤȣıȘ/ȠʌȜȚıȝȩ İįĮĳȚțȫȞ ȣȜȚțȫȞ țĮȚ ȜȠȚʌȫȞ ȣȜȚțȫȞ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ»

ǼȜȕİĲȚțȩȢ ȀĮȞȠȞȚıȝȩȢ SN 670 010 “ ȀȡȚĲȒȡȚĮ ĮʌȠįȠȤȒȢ İįĮĳȚțȫȞ ȣȜȚțȫȞ İʌȓȤȦıȘȢ ȖȚĮ įȚȐĳȠȡȠȣȢ ĲȪʌȠȣȢ ȑȡȖȦȞ ĮȞĲȚıĲȒȡȚȟȘȢ Įʌȩ ȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘ ȖȘ”