インドネシアのイスラム化と政治家 ――1999, 2004年選出の地方議員プロフィールから―― [Islamization and Politicians in Indonesia: An Analysis of the and Regional People’s Representative Council Elections]
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(2) ῍῍ ῍ ῎ῌῌῐ . !. ". ῍῍. #ῌ. Islamization and Politicians in Indonesia: An Analysis of the ῍ῐῐῐ and ῎ῌῌ῏ Regional People’s Representative Council Elections M>>8=> Ken*. The ruling Golkar party dominated the political scene during the Suharto era, but recently political power has been contested among various parties, including Islamic parties that emerged in the ῍ election. Some analysis of that election is still focused on a dichotomy between secular and Islamic parties, the so-called “aliran” politics of the ῍ῑῌs. There is also an argument that political elites formed during the Suharto era have persisted even after the “reformasi” in ῍. This article, through an analysis of profiles of members elected to the Regional People’s Representative Council $DPRD% in ῍ and ῎ῌῌῐ, argues that aliran politics has been fading away and that new politicians have been emerging slowly. Although no longer dominant, Golkar has widened its base and absorbed some Islamic votes, while the new Islamic parties attract the relatively higher educated and some business elites. Thus Islamization is not directly related to the emergence of Islamic parties. Old political elites have also maintained their influence within both secular and Islamic parties, and various organizations dating from the Suharto era have been recruiting local elites. The increasing number of swing votes, largely consisting of urban people, is accelerating the shift in political elites. Keywords: Post-Soeharto Indonesia, Islam, Islamism, Islamization, political elite, political party, general elections ῑῌΐῌῒ῏ & '( )*
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(269) Abuza, Zachary. ῎ῌῌΐ. Political Islam and Violence in Indonesia. London: Routledge. Van Bruinessen, Martin. ῎ῌῌ῎. Genealogies of Islamic Radicalism in Post-Suharto Indonesia. Southeast Asia Research ῍ῌ ῎ : ῍῍ΐ῍῍ῑῐ. Geertz, Cliford. ῍ῒῑ. The Social History of an Indonesian Town. Cambridge, Massachusetts: M. I. T. Press. Haidar, M. Ali. ῍ῐ. Nahdatul Ulama dan Islam di Indonesia. Jakarta: Gramedia. Hasan, Noorhaidi. ῎ῌῌ῎. Faith and Politics: The Rise of the Laskar Jihad in the Era of Transition in Indonesia. Indonesia ΐ῏: ῍ῐῑ῍῍ΐῌ. Hassan, Sahar L.; Kuat Sukardiyono; and Dadi M. H. Basri, eds. ῍. Memilih Partai Islam: Visi, Misi, dan Persepsi. Jakarta: Gema Insani Press. Hefner, Robert W. ῎ῌῌῌ. Civil Islam: Muslims and Democratization in Indonesia. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Jamhari, Jajang Jahroni, ed. ῎ῌῌῐ. Gerakan Salafi Radikal di Indonesia. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers. Lembaga Survey Indonesia LSI
(270) ῎ῌῌ῏. The Behavior of Muslim Voters: The Issues of the Presidency, Parties, and Democracy. Jakarta, November ῎ῌῌ῏. Porter, Donald J. ῎ῌῌ῎. Managing Politics and Islam in Indonesia. Oxon: RoutledgeCurzon. Robison, Richard; and Hadiz, Vedi R. ῎ῌῌῐ. Reorganising Power in Indonesia: The Politics of Oligarchy in an Age of Markets. Oxon: RoutledgeCurzon. Roy, Olivier. ῍ῐ. The Failure of Political Islam, translated by Carol Volk. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ῌῌῌῌ. ῎ῌῌῑ. Globalised Islam: The Search for a New Ummah. New Delhi: Rupa. Sidel, John T. ῎ῌῌῒ. Riots, Pogroms, Jihad: Religious Violence in Indonesia. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. Sabili, no. ῎ῒ, ῎ῌῌῐ. ῌΐ. ῍ῒ. PKS Akhirnya: pp. ῍ῒ῍῎῍.. 114.
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