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࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾ࡅࡿ♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸᙉྲྀ⤌ࡢᴫせ≉ᚩ㸪
ᚋࡢㄪᰝ◊✲ࡢ᪉ྥᛶ
㜰㇂Ꮫ ே㛫♫Ꮫ㒊 ே㛫♫Ꮫ⛉ ᩍᤵ ᒸᓥ ඞᶞ ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ⋤❧ࣉࣀࣥ࣌ࣥᏛ ᐈဨ◊✲ဨ 㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪࡢᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయࡣ㸪ᕞ࣭㒆࣭ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥ㸦㒔ᕷ㒊ࡣᕞ࣭ᕷ࣭ࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺ㸪㤳㒔 ࡣ㒔࣭༊࣭ࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺ㸧࠸࠺ 3 ᒙࡽᡂࡾ❧ࡘࡀ㸪2000 ᖺ௦๓༙࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࢥ࣑ࣗ ࣮࡛ࣥࣞ࣋ࣝ┤᥋㑅ᣲࢆᐇࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࢆࡘ࠺ࡌ࡚㑅ฟࡉࢀࡓホ㆟ဨࡽᡂࡿホ㆟୍ᐃ ࡢᴗົࢆᢸࢃࡏ㸪ࡑࡢᴗົᐇࡢࡓࡵᚲせ࡞ேᮦ⫱ᡂࡸࢥ࣑࣮࣭ࣗࣥࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺᇶ㔠 ࡤࢀࡿ㈨㔠ࡢᢞධࢆ⾜࠺࠸࠺ศᶒ╔ᡭࡋࡓ㸦ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻᨵ㠉 ➨ 1 ᮇ㸧ࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪2000 ᖺ௦ᚋ༙ࡽࡣ㸪ᕞ࣭㒆࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢホ㆟タ⨨ࢆ㍈ࡍࡿྲྀ⤌ࡀᐇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᆅ᪉⾜ ᨻᨵ㠉 ➨ 2 ᮇ㸧ࠋࡇࡢᕞ࣭㒆ࣞ࣋ࣝ࠾ࡅࡿホ㆟ࡣࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥホ㆟ဨࡀ㑅ࡪᕞ࣭㒆ホ ㆟ဨࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛㸪ࡑࡇᶒ㝈࣭ᶵ⬟㸪ࡑࢀࢆᐇࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㈨㔠࣭ேဨࢆ㓄⨨ ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ືࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦1㸧ࠋ ࡇࡢ➨ 2 ᮇ࠾ࡅࡿືࡁࡢᇶᮏⓗ㡯ࢆグࡋࡓᨻᗓࡢせᩥ᭩ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࠗᡓ␎ᯟ⤌ࡳ࠘ 㹙Royal Government of Cambodia㸦௨ୗ㸪RGC ⾲グࡍࡿ㸧 2005㹛ࠗ㤳㒔࣭ᕞ࣭ᕷ࣭ 㒆࣭༊ ⾜ᨻ㐠Ⴀᇶᮏἲ ࠘㹙RGC 2008㹛㸪ࠗᅜᐙࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࠘㹙RGC 2010㹛ࡢ 3 ࡘࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪 ࡓ࠼ࡤ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢ࠺ࡕࡶࡗࡶ᪂ࡋ࠸ᩥ᭩࡛࠶ࡿࠗᅜᐙࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࠘ࡣ㸪⌧ᅾ㸪㐍⾜୰ ࡢᆅ᪉⾜ᨻᨵ㠉ࡢ┠ⓗࡘ࠸࡚㸪௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺⾲⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻศᶒ࣭ศᩓࡢࡓࡵࡢᅜᐙࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦NP-SNDD㸧ࡢୖ┠ᶆࡣ㸪 Ẹⓗ࡛ໟᦤⓗ࡛⾮ᖹ࡞㛤Ⓨ㸪ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᥦ౪ࡢࢡࢭࢫࡸ㉁࣭⏝ࡢᨵၿ㸪㈋ᅔ ๐ῶࡢ㈉⊩ࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㹙๓ᥖ᭩㸸13㹛㸦ୗ⥺ࡣ➹⪅㸧 ᅜᐙࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ┠ᶆࡣ㸪Ẹⓗཧຍ࠸࠺ཎ๎ࡶ࡙ࡁ㸪ᕞ࣭ᕷ㸪㒆࣭༊㸪 ࢥ࣑࣮࣭ࣗࣥࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺࣞ࣋ࣝ࠾ࡅࡿ㐠Ⴀࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ ࡽࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ⟶㎄ᆅᇦ࠾࠸࡚㸪ᕷẸࡢࢽ࣮ࢬࢆ‶ࡓࡋ㸪㈋ᅔ๐ῶ ㈉⊩ࡍࡿᆅᇦ㛤Ⓨබඹࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢᥦ౪ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡃ㸪㏱᫂ᛶ࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅ ࣜࢸࢆࡶࡗ࡚άືࡍࡿࠋ㹙๓ᥖ᭩㸸13㹛㸦ୗ⥺ࡣ➹⪅㸧 ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪➨ 1 ᮇ࠾ࡼࡧ➨ 2 ᮇ࠾ࡅࡿᆅ᪉⾜ᨻᨵ㠉ࡢືࡁࡣ㸪ࡍࡃ࡞ࡃࡶᨻᗓᩥ᭩ ୖ㸪ᆅ᪉࠾࠸࡚㸪୍ᐃࡢẸⓗṇᙜᛶࢆࡶࡘ⾜ᨻయࢆタ⨨ࡋ㸪ᕷẸࡢኌࡀᫎࡉࢀࡸࡍ2 ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࢁ㸪ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᴗົࢆᢸࢃࡏ㸪ࡑࢀ㝶ࡍࡿ㈨㔠࣭ேဨࢆ㓄⨨ࡍࡿࡇ ࡛㸪ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ㔞ࡸ㉁ࡢᣑࢆࡣࢁ࠺ࡍࡿྲྀ⤌࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡋࡋ㸪ᐇ㝿ࡣ㸪ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ౪⤥ഃ㸪༑ศ࡞ᶒ㝈࣭㈨㔠࣭ ேဨࡀഛࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪⮬ືⓗࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ㔞ࡸ㉁ࡀᢸಖࡉࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡴ ࡋࢁ㸪ᕷẸ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪㟂せഃࡀ୍ᐃࡢ▱㆑࣭ែᗘ࣭ࢫ࢟ࣝ㸪ࡲࡓࡑࡢ⾜ࢆྍ⬟ࡍࡿ ⎔ቃࡀᩚഛࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ㸪ࡑࡢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡀ⏝ࡉࢀ㸪ᕷẸࡢ⏕άࡢྥୖᙺ❧ࡘࡇ ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡑࡶࡑࡶࡼࡾࡼ࠸ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆࡶࡵࡿせồࡣᕷẸࡋ࡚ࡢᶒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪 ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾ࡅࡿ➨ 2 ᮇ࠾ࡅࡿᆅ᪉⾜ᨻᨵ㠉࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᚋヲ㏙ࡍࡿࡼ࠺㸪ࡃ ♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࡢᙉࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓྲྀ⤌ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸰㸬ᮏ✏ࡢ┠ⓗ࣭᪉ἲ࠾ࡼࡧព⩏ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾ࡅࡿ♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸᙉࡢືࡁࡣලయⓗ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡑࢀࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞≉ᚩࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪ࡲࡎ㸪࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ㸪ࡾࢃࡅ♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸᙉࡢྲྀ⤌ࡣ ୍⯡ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ㸪ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞㆟ㄽࢆࡩࡾ࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡢᚋ㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪどⅬࢆ ⛣ࡋ㸪ࡑࡇ࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸᙉྲྀ⤌ࡢᴫせࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪 ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ྲྀ⤌ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡘࡘ㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪࡢ♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸᙉྲྀ⤌ࡢ≉ᚩࡣࡢ ࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ ᮏ✏ࡢᇳ➹࠶ࡓࡗ࡚᥇⏝ࡋࡓ᪉ἲࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪㛵㐃ࡍࡿᩥ⊩ࡢ΅⊟ࡃࢃ࠼㸪♫࢝ ࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸᙉᴗࡀᐇ㝿⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⌧ሙࡢどᐹࢆ⾜࠺࠸࠺᪉ἲࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓࠋ ࡓࡔࡋ㸪ᐇ㝿どᐹࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡢࡣ㸪ㄪᰝᮇࡢ㛵ಀࡽ㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࣭࣏࢝ࣥࢵࢺᕞ࡛㛤 ദࡉࢀࡓ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉࡢࡳ࡛㸪ࡑࡢ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉࡣ㸪2016 ᖺᗘ㸪♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜ ࢸᙉྲྀ⤌ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ㛵ಀ⪅㸦࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ NGO ࡸᆅᇦࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸෆ࡛ືဨࡉࢀࡓ࣎ ᅗ 㸫࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾ࡅࡿᆅ᪉⾜ᨻᨵ㠉㸦➨ ᮇ࣭➨ ᮇ㸧ࡢᴫせ
3 ࣛࣥࢸ㸪⾜ᨻ㛵ಀ⪅㸧ࡀࡩࡾ࠼ࡾ㸪ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄢ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡢࢆ≉ᐃࡍࡿ࠸࠺ ㊃᪨ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ᮏ✏ࡀࡶࡘព⩏ࡘ࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪௨ୗࡢ 2 ࡘࡢࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ➨୍㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪࡢᆅ᪉⾜ᨻᨵ㠉◊✲ୖࡢព⩏࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾࠸࡚㸪᭱㏆㸪 㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᆅ᪉⾜ᨻᨵ㠉㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᅜᐙࡸ㸪ᅜᐙ࣭♫㛫㛵ಀࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࠺ ࠼࡛ࡶ㸪ලయⓗ࡞ಶேࡢ⏕άᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿ♫ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢືྥࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࠺࠼࡛ࡶ㸪㔜せ ᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡶࢃࡽࡎ㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪࡢᆅ᪉⾜ᨻᨵ㠉ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࡢㄽ⪃ࡀ ࢇᏑᅾࡋ࡚ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ࡞࠶ࡗ࡚㸪➹⪅ࡣ㸪ࡲࡎయീࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪 ἲ௧ࡸᨻ⟇ᩥ᭩㸪ㄽᩥ➼ࡢ㛵㐃ᩥ⊩ࢆ΅⊟ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ 1 ࡘࡢㄽᩥࡲࡵࡓ㹙ᒸᓥ ㏆ ห㹛ࠋࡋࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶࠕ⥲ㄽࠖⓗ࡞⨨࡙ࡅ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᚋࡣ㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪࡢᆅ᪉ ⾜ᨻᨵ㠉ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿᰕ 1 ࡘࡦࡘࡘ࠸࡚㸪୍ᐃࡢ῝ࡉࢆࡶࡗ࡚グ㏙࣭ศᯒࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ✏ࡣ㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪࡢᆅ᪉⾜ᨻᨵ㠉ୗ࡛ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡿࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ྲྀ⤌ࡢ ࡞ࡽ㸪♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࢆྲྀࡾฟࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᴫせࡸ≉ᚩࢆࡲࡵࡓࠕྛㄽࠖࡢ 1 ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ➨㸪ࡑࡶࡑࡶ♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ㛵ࡍࡿㄽ⪃ࡣ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣࢇᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ ࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࡢᐃ⩏ࡢ᫂☜ࡸ࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ◊✲ࡢࡓࡵࡢໟᣓⓗᯟ⤌ࡳࡢᥦ ♧ࢆヨࡳࡓ㧗ᶫࡀࡑࡢⴭ᭩㹙2015㸸10㹛ࡢ࡞࡛㏙ࡿࡼ࠺㸪࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ◊✲ ࡢ࡞࡛ࡶ㸪ࡃ♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ㛵ࡍࡿࡑࢀࡣඛ⾜◊✲ࡀࡁࢃࡵ࡚ᑡ࡞࠸ศ 㔝࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ✏ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ◊✲ࡢ⭾࡞ࢠࣕࢵࣉࡢ୍㒊ࢆᇙ ࡵࡿດຊ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ 㸱㸬♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ㛵ࡍࡿୡ⏺ⓗ࡞㆟ㄽ࣭ྲྀ⤌ࡢᴫせ ࡉ࡚㸪ࡑࡶࡑࡶࠕ࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࠖࡣ࡞ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡲࡎ㸪ᐃ⩏ࡸࡑࢀࡀ㆟ ㄽࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ⤒⦋ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᴫ␎ࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࡢᐃ⩏㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪㧗ᶫ࣭⢑㇂ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ㸪ࠕA ࡣ㸪B ᑐࡋ ࡚ࡑࡢ㐣ཤࡲࡓࡣᑗ᮶ࡢάືࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࢆࡍࡿ⩏ົࡀ࠶ࡿࡁ㸪B ᑐࡋ࡚࢝࢘ࣥࢱ ࣅࣜࢸࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࠋຍ࠼࡚㸪B ࡣ࣏ࢪࢸࣈࡲࡓࡣࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞ไࢆ A ᑐࡋ࡚⛉ࡍࡿ ࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࠖ㹙2015㸸29㹛࠸࠺య㛫ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆ♧ࡍᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࡢ㛵ಀ ᛶࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿせ⣲ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᐃ⩏ࡽࡶศࡿࡼ࠺㸪࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࢆ㈇࠺⪅ A ࡣ ࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࢆㄢࡍ⪅ B ᑐࡋ࡚ࠕㄝ᫂ࠖࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪B ࡣ ࡑࡢㄝ᫂ࢆ⌮ゎࡋ㸪ホ౯ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢホ౯⤖ᯝࡶ࡙ࡁ㸪A ᑐࡋ࡚ࠕไࠖ㸦࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ ሙྜࡣࠕሗൾࠖ㸧ࢆࡍࡿሙྜࡶᐃࡋ㸪࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࡣ㸪ᇶᮏ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࠕㄝ᫂ࠖ 㸦࡞࠸ࡋࡣࠕᛂ⟅ᛶࠖ㸦࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࢆㄢࡏࡽࢀࡿഃࡀࡑࡢ⾜ືࡢ⌮⏤ࡸ⫼ᬒࢆㄝ᫂ ࡍࡿ㈐௵ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ㸧㸧ࠕไࠖ࠸࠺ 2 ࡘࡢせ⣲ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦2㸧ࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕㄝ᫂ࠖࠕไࠖ࠸࠺ 2 ࡘࡢᵓᡂせ⣲ࡀస⏝ࡍࡿ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ఏ
4 ⤫ⓗ㸪᭷ᶒ⪅ࡀ㑅ᣲࢆࡘ࠺ࡌ࡚බ㑅⫋⪅࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࢆㄢࡍࠕ㑅ᣲ࢝࢘ࣥࢱ ࣅࣜࢸࠖ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪ᅜᐙෆ⤌⧊㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪❧ἲᗓࡸ㸪⾜ᨻᗓࡢୖ㒊⤌⧊ࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ⾜ᨻ ᗓࡸ㸪⾜ᨻᗓࡢୗ㒊⤌⧊ᑐࡋ࡚㸪࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࢆㄢࡍࠕỈᖹⓗ࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ ࠖࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡀ㸪᭱㏆࡛ࡣ㸪᪂ࡋ࠸ᙧࡢ࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࡀⓏሙࡋ㸪࢝࢘ࣥࢱ ࣅࣜࢸ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡀከᵝࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ᙧࡢ࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࡣ㸪ᕷ Ẹ♫ࡀ⾜ᨻᗓᑐࡋ࡚ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞᪉ἲ࡛ㄢࡍࠕ♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࠖ㸪EU ➼ࡢ㉸ᅜ ᐙᶵ㛵ࡸ㸪ୡ⏺㖟⾜➼ࡢᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵ࡀ≉ᐃࡢᅜᐙᑐࡋ࡚ㄢࡍࠕᅜ㝿ⓗ࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࠖ ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ఏ⤫ⓗ࡞࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒࡛࠶ࡿࠕỈᖹⓗ࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ ࠖ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ィ᳨ᰝ㝔ࡸ㑅ᣲ⟶⌮ᶵ㛵㸪ở⫋ᑐ⟇ᶵ㛵㸪┿┦✲᫂ጤဨࡢタ⨨➼㸪 ᪂ࡋ࠸㐍ᒎࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿ㹙㧗ᶫ 2015㸸7-10㸹㧗ᶫ࣭⢑㇂ 2015㸸33-40㹛ࠋ 㸪ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ㛵ࡍࡿ㆟ㄽࡢάⓎࡸྲྀ⤌ࡢከᵝࡀ⏕㉳ ࡍࡿ⫼ᬒࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࣁࣥࢸࣥࢺࣥࡼࡗ࡚ࠕ➨୕ࡢἼࠖࡢ⛠ࡀࡘࡅࡽࢀࡓ㸪1980 ᖺ௦ࡽ 1990 ᖺ௦ึ㢌㉳ࡇࡗࡓẸࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡇ㹙Wild et al. 2015㸸11㹛㸪ࡑࡋ࡚㸪 ࡑࡢᚋ㸪࢜ࢻࢿࣝࡼࡗ࡚ࠕጤ௵ᆺẸ⩏㸦delegative democracy㸧ࠖࡢⓏሙ࡛ࡃ㑅 ᣲ࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࡢᶵ⬟ࡀᣦࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓ㹙㧗ᶫ࣭⢑㇂ 2015㸸21㹛➼ ࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࠋඛ㐍ᅜ࠾࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝࡢㄢ㢟ࢆᢪ࠼ࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪୍ᴫࡣゝ࠸㞴࠸ࡀ㸪 ࡃ᪂⯆Ẹ⩏ᅜ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࠕẸࠖࢆ㡯ᑐ❧ⓗ㸪㠀ẸⓗయไࡽẸⓗయ ไࡢ⛣⾜ࡽ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪⛬ᗘࡢၥ㢟ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼㸪ࠕẸ⩏ࡢ㉁ࠖࢆၥ࠸㸪ࡇࡢ ㉁ࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ࠸࠺⫼ᬒࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ࡞࠶ࡗ࡚㸪ࡃᮏ✏ࡀᢅ࠺♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࡣ㸪2000 ᖺ௦ึ㢌࠶ ࡓࡾࡽᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵㸦ࡃୡ⏺㖟⾜㸧ࡽὀ┠ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾ㸪㏵ୖᅜ࡛ᩘከࡃᐇ㊶ࡉ ࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㹙Ackerman 2005㸸iii㸹Eng et al. 2015㸸1㹛ࠋᐃ⩏ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪 ࡇࡢศ㔝࡛ඛ㥑ⓗ࡞◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢫ࣒ࣦࣟࢵࢶ࣌ࣝࢯࢵࢸ㸦Smulovitz and Peruzzotti㸧ࡼࡿ㸪ࠕᕷẸࡼࡿ⤌⧊ࡸ㐠ື࡞㸪ከᵝ࡞ᙧែࢆ㏻ࡋࡓάື㸪ࡑࡋ࡚࣓ ࢹࡼࡾⓎືࡉࢀࡿ㸪㑅ᣲࡼࡽ࡞࠸ࡀᆶ┤ⓗᨻᗓࢆࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡍࡿ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪ᨻᗓࡢṇࢆᭀ࠸ࡓࡾ㸪᪂ࡓ࡞ၥ㢟ࢆබⓗதⅬࡋࡓࡾ㸪Ỉᖹⓗ࢝ ࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࢆάᛶࡉࡏࡓࡾࡍࡿࠖࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㹙㧗ᶫ࣭⢑㇂ 2015㸸37-38㹛ࠋࡇࡢ♫ ࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࡣ㸪ձ㑅ᣲ␗࡞ࡾ㸪࠶ࡽࡌࡵỴࡵࡽࢀࡓ᪥⛬ᣊ᮰ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠕ㑅 ᣲ㑅ᣲࡢ࠶࠸ࡔࡢᮇ㛫ࠖࡶᕷẸࡀᨻᗓᑐࡋ࡚࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࢆせồࡍࡿࡇࡀ ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ㸪ղ࡞ࡽࡎࡋࡶከᩘỴཎ⌮➼ᣊ᮰ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛㸪⮫ᶵᛂኚᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ ≉ᚩ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋ♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࡣ㸪ලయⓗࡣ㸪ཧຍᆺண⟬㸦බⓗ࡞ண⟬Ỵᐃ 㐣⛬ᕷẸࡢពྥࢆ⤌ࡳධࢀࡿྲྀ⤌㸧㸪ᕷẸ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ࣮࢝ࢻ㸪ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻ㸪 ♫ⓗ┘ᰝ㸪ᕷẸホ㆟㸪࢜ࣥࣈࢬ࣐ࣥ㸪࣐ࢫ࣓ࢹ➼ࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆࡘ࠺ࡌ࡚せồࡉ ࢀࡿ㹙Ackerman 2005㸸iii㸹Fox 2015㸸346㸹Malena and McNeil 2010㸸6㸹㧗ᶫ࣭⢑㇂ 2015㸸38㹛ࠋ
5 㸲㸬࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾ࡅࡿ♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸᙉྲྀ⤌ࡢᴫせ ௨ୖ㸪ぢ࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺㸪♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࡢྲྀ⤌ࡣ㸪୍⯡㸪2000 ᖺ௦ึ㢌ࡽ㸪 ㏵ୖᅜ࡛ࡣ㸪ᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵ࡢᨭࢆཷࡅ㸪ᐇ㊶ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇ ࡢ♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸᙉࡢྲྀ⤌ࡣ㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ ࢁ࠺ࠋ௨ୗ㸪ᨻ⟇ⓗ⤒⦋㸪ලయⓗ࡞ෆᐜࡢ 2 ࡘศࡅ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ 㸲㸫㸯㸬ᨻ⟇ⓗ⤒⦋ ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾ࡅࡿ♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ㛵ࡍࡿ㆟ㄽࡸලయⓗ࡞ྲྀ⤌ࡣ㸪ᮏ✏ࡢෑ 㢌࡛㏙ࡓ࠾ࡾ㸪ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻᨵ㠉ࡢ࡞࡛Ⓩሙࡋࡓࠋලయⓗࡣ㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾ࡅࡿᆅ ᪉⾜ᨻᨵ㠉ࡣ㸪ࡍࡃ࡞ࡃࡶᨻ⟇ୖ㸪ᆅᇦ㛤Ⓨࡢಁ㐍㸦local development㸧ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪 ᆅᇦẸ⩏ࡢᙉࡶࡋࡃࡣᆅᇦ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫࡢྥୖ㸦local democracy/governance㸧ࡶ┠ ⓗࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㹙RGC 2005㸸5㸹RGC 2010㸸13㹛㸪ࡑࢀࡣ㸪ࠗᡓ␎ᯟ⤌ࡳ࠘ࡸࠗᅜᐙ ࣉ ࣟ ࢢ ࣛ ࣒ ࠘ ࠸ ࠺ ୖ ᨻ ⟇ ࢆ ヲ ⣽ ࡋ ࡓ ࠗ ᐇ ィ ⏬ ࠘㹙 National Committee for Democratic Development㸦௨ୗ㸪NCDD ⾲グࡍࡿ㸧2010㹛ࡶ㈏ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠕᆅᇦ࠾ࡅࡿẸⓗ㛤Ⓨ sub-national democratic developmentࠖࢆࠕᕷẸࡢ⚟♴ ࡢᨵၿࠖ࠸࠺ࡩ࠺ࡢࡳゎ㔘ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᨵၿࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࡢᚲせ࡞ᆅᇦ࠾ ࡅࡿ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫࡢኚ᭦ࢆ↓どࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪ࡑࢀࡣไ⣙ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋྠᵝ㸪ࠕᆅ ᇦ࠾ࡅࡿẸⓗ㛤Ⓨࠖࢆࠕᆅᇦ࠾ࡅࡿẸ⩏ࡢⓎᒎࠖ㝈ᐃࡋ࡚⌮ゎࡋ㸪ᆅ ᇦࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡢ⚟♴ࢆᨵၿࡍࡿ࠺࠼࡛ᚲせ࡞㈨※ࡢ㔞ࡸศ㓄ࡢኚࢆ↓どࡍࡿࡢ ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪ࡑࢀࡶไ⣙ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㹙๓ᥖ᭩㸸2㹛 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠕẸⓗ㛤Ⓨࠖࢆᆅ᪉࡛㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࠗᐇィ⏬࡛࠘ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ㝶ᡤ࡛࢝ ࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࡢ㔜せᛶࡘ࠸࡚ゝཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡃ♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࡘ࠸࡚ ࡣࠕ㸦ᅜᐙ㸧ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢࣅࢪࣙࣥࠖ㢟ࡍࡿ❶ࠕࠕ࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࠖࡋ ࡚ࡢẸⓗศᶒࠖ࠸࠺⠇ࢆタࡅ㸪㠀㑅ᣲⓗ࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࡋ࡚ࠕ᭹⏦❧ไᗘࠖ ࠕホ㆟ࡢ≉ᐃࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ⏝⪅ࡼࡿ┤᥋ࣇ࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡ/ࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻࠖࠕᕷẸࡼࡿ┤ ᥋ࣇ࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡ/ࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻࠖ㹙๓ᥖ᭩㸸12㹛ゝཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࠕᅜᐙࣉࣟࢢࣛ ࣒ࠖࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ 6 ࡘࡢࢧࣈࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦㸱㸧ࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ 1 ࡘࠕᆅ᪉⾜ᨻࡢ㈨※ࠖࠕ㈈ᨻ㐠Ⴀ ࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࡢࡓࡵࡢᆅ᪉⾜ᨻ⬟ຊࠖ࠸࠺㡯┠ࢆ⨨ࡁ㸪♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ ࢆྵࡴໟᣓⓗ࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸᯟ⤌ࡳࡢ㛤Ⓨ㐺⏝ࢆ⾜࠺グ㍕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㹙๓ᥖ᭩㸸 286-287㹛ࠋ 㸲㸫㸰㸬ලయⓗ࡞ෆᐜ ࠗᐇィ⏬࠘ࡀ⟇ᐃࡉࢀࡓ 2010 ᖺⅬ࡛ࡣࡲࡔ࠶ࡲࡾヲ⣽ࡀྜពࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓࡀ㸪
6 ࡑࡢᚋ㸪2013 ᖺࡣ㸪ᨻᗓᕷẸ♫ࡢྜព࠶ࡿࠗᆅ᪉ࡢẸⓗ㛤Ⓨࡢࡓࡵࡢ♫࢝࢘ ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸᡓ␎ィ⏬࠘㹙NCDD 2013㹛ࡀ㸪2014 ᖺࡣ㸪ࡑࡢᡓ␎ィ⏬ࢆヲ⣽ࡋࡓࠗ♫ ࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸᯟ⤌ࡳ 2015-2018 ᖺᐇィ⏬࠘௨ୗ㸪I-SAF ⾲グࡍࡿ㸧ࠖ㹙I-SAF 2014㹛ࡀ⟇ᐃࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࡇࡢ I-SAF ࡣ㸪2015 ᖺࡽ 2018 ᖺࡢᮇ㛫㸪᭱⤊ⓗࡣ 19 ᕞ 120 㒆࠾࠸࡚㸪ձሗ ᥦ౪㸪ղᕷẸࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢ㸪ճேᮦ⫱ᡂ㸪մホ౯࠸࠺ 4 ᮏᰕࡽ࡞ࡿάືࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࢆ ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㸲 㸧ࠋࡇࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ࡃ୰ᚰⓗ࡞άື࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿձሗᥦ౪ղᕷẸࣔࢽ ࢱࣜࣥࢢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢάືࡢᴫせࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸲㸫㸰㸫㸯㸬ሗᥦ౪ ࡲࡎ㸪ձሗᥦ౪ࡘ࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡣẖᖺ 1 ᭶㹼4 ᭶㸪2㹼8 㐌㛫ࡢᮇ㛫ࢆࡅ㸪 ᮧࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮༢࡛ᐇࡉࢀࡿၨⓎάືࡀ㍈࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢάື࡛ࡣ㸪ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥホ ㆟ಖࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪ᑠᏛᰯ㛵ࡍࡿሗࢆ⡆₩ࡲࡵ࡚సࡽࢀࡓࠕᕷẸࡢࡓࡵࡢሗ ࣃࢵࢣ࣮ࢪ㸦Information Packs for Citizens㸪␎⛠ࡣ I4C㸧ࠖࢆࡶࡕ࠸୍࡚⯡ᕷẸศ ࡾࡸࡍࡃゎㄝࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢάືࡢ୰ᚰ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ㸪ᚋヲ㏙ࡍࡿ CAF㸦Community Accountability Facilitators㸧ࡤࢀࡿᆅᇦࡢ᭷ൾ࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᙼࡽࡀࢥ࣑࣮ࣗ ࣥホ㆟ဨࡸࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᣐⅬ⫋ဨ➼㐃ᦠࡋ࡚ᐇࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㹙WGPD 2016㸸26㹛ࠋ ࡇࡢ I4C ࡣ㸪ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥホ㆟ົᡤࡸಖࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪ᑠᏛᰯ࡞ࡶ㈞ࡉࢀࡿᆺ ࣏ࢫࢱ࣮࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㒊࡛ 9 ᯛ࠶ࡾ㸪ෆᐜࡣࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥホ㆟㛵ࡍࡿࡶࡢ㸦ࠕࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥ ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ㛵ࡍࡿᕷẸࡢᶒࠖࠕࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥࡢண⟬ࠖࠕࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥࡢᴗ⦼ࠖ㸧㸪ಖࢭࣥࢱ࣮ 㛵ࡍࡿࡶࡢ㸦ࠕಖࢭࣥࢱ࣮㛵ࡍࡿᕷẸࡢᶒࠖࠕಖࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢᇶ‽ࠖࠕಖࢭࣥࢱ࣮ ࡢண⟬ᴗ⦼ࠖ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ㛵ࡍࡿࡶࡢ㸦ࠕᏛᰯ࠾ࡅࡿᶒࠖࠕᑠᏛᰯࡢண⟬ᴗ⦼ࠖ㸦ᑠᏛ ᰯ㛵ࡍࡿࡶࡢ㸧㸪3 ࢭࢡࢱ࣮㒊㛵ࡍࡿࡶࡢ㸦ࠕඹྠ࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ⾜ືィ⏬ࠖ㸧 ࡽᡂࡾ❧ࡘࠋࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥホ㆟࣭ಖࢭࣥࢱ࣮࣭ᑠᏛᰯ࡛ཷࡅࡽࢀࡿࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢෆᐜࡸࡑ ࡢ౯᱁➼㸪ᅜ୍ᚊỴࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ୰ኸ࡛〇సࡉࢀࡿࡦ࡞ᙧࡢୖグ㍕ ࡉࢀ㸪ᆅ᪉㓄ᕸࡉࢀࡿࡀ㸦㸳 㸧㸪ࢥ࣑࣮࣭ࣗࣥタࡑࢀࡒࢀࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿᴗ⦼ࡸண⟬ 㛵ࡍࡿሗࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ẖᖺ㸪㒆ࡢ㛵㐃㒊ᒁࡀ A4 ⏝⣬ࢆࡶࡕ࠸࡚ཧ⪃㈨ᩱࢆసᡂࡋ㸪ࡇ ࢀࢆᆺ࣏ࢫࢱ࣮ࡢヱᙜ⟠ᡤ㈞ࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㹙๓ᥖ᭩㸸22-25㹛㸦㸴㸧ࠋ 㸲㸫㸰㸫㸰㸬ᕷẸࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢ ࡘࡂ㸪ղࡢᕷẸࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢ㛵ࡋ࡚࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡣ㸪⌧ᅾ㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾࠸࡚ ᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢ୰ᚰ࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑ ࡢࡓࡵ㸪ከࡃࡢྲྀ⤌ࡀྵࡲࢀࡿࠋලయⓗࡣ㸪㸦a㸧ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻࡢᐇ㸪㸦b㸧 ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᥦ౪⪅⮬ᕫホ౯ྜࡢ㛤ദ㸪㸦c㸧ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙ࢫྜࡢ㛤ദ࠸࠺ 3 ࡘࡢྲྀ⤌ ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
7 ࡲࡎ㸪㸦a㸧ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡣ 5 ᭶㹼8 ᭶ࡅ࡚㸪3㹼5 ࡘ ࡢᮧࢆ 1 ࡘࡢᮧࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡋ㸦ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥࡢࡁࡉࡼࡗ࡚ࡇࡢࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡢᩘࡣ␗࡞ ࡿ㸧㸪ࡑࡢࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮༢࡛㛤ദࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪࡢሙྜ㸪ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢫࢥ ࣮࢝ࢻ࡛ᕷẸࡀホ౯ࢆ⾜࠺⾜ᨻࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡣ㸪ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥホ㆟ᑠᏛᰯ㸪ಖࢭࣥࢱ࣮ ࡢ 3 ࡘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪1 ᮧࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮࡛ 3 ᅇࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻྜࡀ㛤ദ ࡉࢀ㸦ᑠᏛᰯࡸಖࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡣタࡈ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡢ࡛㸪ࡑࡢᆅᇦタࡀ࡞࠸ሙྜ㸪㛤 ദྜィᅇᩘࡣ␗࡞ࡿ㸧㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀᕷẸࡀ 20 ྡ⛬ᗘཧຍࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ1 ᅇࡢࢥ ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻྜࡢᡤせ㛫ࡣ 3 㛫⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿ㹙๓ᥖ᭩㸸40-46㹛ࠋࡇࡢࢥ࣑ ࣗࢽࢸࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻྜ࡛ࡣ㸪ᨵࡵ࡚ 3 ࡘࡢタࡢᇶᮏሗ㸦ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢᶆ‽ࡸᴗ⦼㸪 ண⟬㸧ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄝ᫂ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡶ㸪ᕷẸ㛫࡛ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆホ౯ࡍࡿᇶ‽ 㛵ࡍࡿ㆟ㄽࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢ㆟ㄽࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ྜពࡉࢀࡓ 4㹼6 ࡘࡢホ౯ᇶ‽ࢆࡶ 5 ẁ 㝵ࡢࢫࢥࣜࣥࢢࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡀ㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪࡢሙྜ㸪ᕷẸࡣ㸪ホ౯ᇶ‽ࡈ▼㸦⏨ᛶࡣ ⓑ࡞࠸ࡋࡣ⥳Ⰽ㸪ዪᛶࡣ㉥࡞࠸ࡋࡣⲔⰍࡢ▼㸧ࢆࠕ࡚ࡶࡼ࠸ࠖࠕࡼ࠸ࠖࠕᬑ㏻ࠖࠕࢃࡿ࠸ࠖ ࠕ࡚ࡶࢃࡿ࠸ࠖࡢ࠸ࡎࢀ⨨࠸࡚࠸ࡃᙧ࡛㸪ᕷẸࡼࡿホ౯ࢆᘬࡁฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡑࡋ ࡚㸪ࡉ࠸ࡈ㸪ࢫࢥࡀ㞟ィࡉࢀࡿࡶ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢホ౯ᇶ‽ࡈ㸪࡞ࡐࡑࡢⅬᩘ ࡞ࡿࡢ㸪㛗ᡤࡸ▷ᡤࢆ≉ᐃࡋ㸪⌮⏤ࢆࡘࡅࡓホ౯ࡢ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺ດຊࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪 ࡇࢀࡽࡢసᴗࡣࡍ࡚ CAF ࡀࣇࢩࣜࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᙺࢆࡘࡵࡿᙧ࡛ᐇࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻࡣ㸪ࡑࡶࡑࡶᕷẸࡼࡿ⾜ᨻࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ㛵ࡍࡿሗධ ᡭ࣭⌮ゎࡢಁ㐍࠸࠺ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ㟂せഃࡢᙉࢆ⾜࠺ࡶ㸪ᕷẸࡼࡿホ౯⤖ᯝࢆཷࡅ ࡚㸪ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᥦ౪ഃࡢ࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࢆಁࡍࡇࢆពᅗࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪༢ホ౯ ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ᕷẸ࣭⾜ᨻࡢ༠ാࢆࡘ࠺ࡌࡓࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᨵၿࢆࡶ┠ᣦࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻ࠸࠺ྲྀ⤌ࡢ㔜せ࡞ࢥ࣏ࣥ ࣮ࢿࣥࢺࡋ࡚㸪ᕷẸഃࡸࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᥦ౪⪅ࡀࡿࡁ⾜ືࡀ㆟ㄽࡉࢀࡿࠋゝ࠸࠼ࢀࡤ㸪 ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻ࠸࠺ྲྀ⤌ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢྡ⛠ࡽീࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺㸪ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ ࡢᕷẸࡀ⾜ᨻࡢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢࠕᡂ⦼⡙ࠖࢆࡘࡅࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࠕᡂ⦼⡙ࠖࢆࡘࡅࡓᚋࡣ㸪ࡉ ࡽ㸪ᕷẸ⾜ᨻࡀࡶㄢ㢟ࢆゎỴ࣭⦆ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡼ࠺㸪ィ⏬ࢆ❧࡚㸪ࡑࢀࢆࣇ࢛࣮ࣟ ࢵࣉࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ືࡁ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᕷẸࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢ࡛ࡣ㸪ᅜ࠾ࡅࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻྠᵝ㸪ᕷẸࡼࡿ⾜ ᨻࢧ࣮ࣅࢫホ౯ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᥦ౪ഃࡼࡿ⮬ᕫホ౯ࡶࢭࢵࢺ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠋࡑࢀࡀ㸪 㸦b㸧ࡢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᥦ౪⪅⮬ᕫホ౯ྜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢྜࡶ㸪ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥホ㆟ᑠᏛᰯ㸪 ಖࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢ 3 ࡘࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢタ࡛㛤ദࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛㸪ཧຍ⪅ࡣࡑࡢ⾜ᨻࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆ ᥦ౪ࡍࡿᣐⅬࡢ㛗ࡢ㸪⫋ဨ㸦ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥホ㆟ࡢሙྜࡣࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥホ㆟ဨ㸧ࡢ௦⾲⪅ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ࡁ࡞ྜ࡞ࡿ㸪άⓎ࡞㆟ㄽࡀ⾜࠸ࡃ࠸ࡓࡵ㸪య࡛ 20 ྡࢆ㉸ ࠼࡞࠸ேᩘ࡛⾜࠺ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᡭ㡰ࡶᕷẸࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢྠࡌ࡛㸪CAF ࡀࣇࢩࣜ ࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡍࡿ࡞㸪ཧຍ⪅ࡀホ౯ᇶ‽ࢆ⮬ࡽ⪃࠼㸪ࡑࡢ 4㹼6 ࡘࡢホ౯ᇶ‽ࡑࢀࡒࢀ
8
ࡘ࠸࡚ 5 ẁ㝵ホ౯ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࢀࡶᕷẸࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢྠࡌࡼ࠺㸪ᨵၿィ ⏬ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿ㹙๓ᥖ᭩㸸34-39㹛ࠋ
ࡉ࠸ࡈ㸪㸦c㸧ࡢࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙ࢫྜ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡣࢥ࣑࣮࡛ࣗࣥࣞ࣋ࣝ㸪⾜ᨻࢧ ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ㟂せഃ࡛࠶ࡿᕷẸ㸪ᥦ౪ഃ࡛࠶ࡿ⾜ᨻ㛵ಀ⪅㸦ᑠᏛᰯࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᰯ㛗ࡢ㸪 Ꮫᰯࢧ࣏࣮ࢺጤဨ㸦School Support Committeeࠋ␎⛠ࡣ SSC㸧㸪ಖࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡘ࠸࡚ ࡣࢭࣥࢱ࣮㛗ࡢ㸪ಖࢭࣥࢱ࣮㐠Ⴀጤဨ㸦Health Center Management Committeeࠋ ␎⛠ࡣ HCMC㸧ጤဨࢆྵࡴ㸧ࡀ୍ᇽᑐ㠃ࡋ㸪㛤ദࡉࢀࡿྜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣ㸪ඹྠ࢝ ࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ⾜ືィ⏬ࡤࢀࡿࡶࡢ㸦Joint Accountability Action Planࠋ␎⛠ࡣ JAAP㸧 ࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡶ㸪ࡇࢀࡢᐇࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢ࣭ࣇ࢛࣮ࣟࢵࣉࡢࡓࡵࡢ JAAP ጤဨ ࡤࢀࡿ࣎ࣛࣥࢸጤဨࢆ⤌⧊ࡍࡿࡓࡵ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠋලయⓗ࡞ࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪 ༗๓༗ᚋࡢ㒊ศࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪༗๓୰ࡣ 3 ศ㔝ศࢀ࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢫ ࢥ࣮࢝ࢻ⮬ᕫホ౯ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆሗ࿌ࡋྜ࠺ࡶ㸪CAF ࡢࣇࢩࣜࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡶ࡙ ࠸࡚㸪ࢫࢸࢵ࣮࢝ࢆࡶࡕ࠸࡚ྛศ㔝 4㹼6 ࡘࡢඃඛⓗࢡࢩࣙࣥࢆ㑅ࡧฟࡍࠋ༗ᚋࡣ㸪 ࡑࡢඃඛⓗࢡࢩࣙࣥࢆ㸪࣐ࣝࢳࢭࢡࢱ࣮࡛ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡁࡶࡢྛࢭࢡࢱ࣮࡛ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴ ࡁࡶࡢࡢ 2 ࡘศࡅ㸪ࡃᚋ⪅ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡇࡀ㍈࡞ࡾ㸪ㄡࡀ༠ຊࢆࡋ࡚㸪ඃඛⓗ ࢡࢩࣙࣥࢆᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢࢆ㆟ㄽࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ JAAP ࡋ࡚ࡲࡵࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪JAAP ጤဨࡣ㸪ᕷẸ௦⾲㸦ࡓࡔࡋ㸪ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ 4 ྡࡢዪᛶ࣭1 ྡࡢ࣮ࣘࢫ௦⾲㸧㸪3 ศ㔝 ࡢ⾜ᨻ㛵ಀ⪅ࡀጤဨᑵ௵ࡋ㸪ࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢ࣭ホ౯ࢆඛᑟࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪 ࡇࡢ JAAP ࡣ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡽ⟇ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥ㛤Ⓨィ⏬ࡸࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥᢞ㈨ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ ࣜࣥࢡࡅࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪㒆⤫ྜ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉ࡛Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ௨ୗࡣ㸪௨ୖࡢㄝ᫂ࢆศࡾࡸࡍࡃࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪⾲ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⾲ 㸫࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾ࡅࡿᕷẸࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢࡢᴫせ
9
࡞࠾㸪ࡇࡢሗᥦ౪ᕷẸࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢࡢ㍈ࢆᢸ࠺ CAF ࡢເ㞟ࡸ⫱ᡂ㸪CAF ࡢάືࢆ ᪥ᖖⓗᨭ࠼ࡿ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ NGO࣭ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ⤌⧊㸦CBO㸧ࡢ⬟ຊᙉ㸪CAF ࡸ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ NGO࣭CBO ࡢάືࡢࡓࡵࡢ㈨㔠ᥦ౪࡞ࡣ㤳㒔ࣉࣀࣥ࣌ࣥົᡤࢆ⨨ࡃᅜ㝿࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ ᅜෆࡢᡭ NGO ጤクࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋලయⓗࡣ㸪RACHA㸦࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜᅜ㝿㛤Ⓨᗇ㸧㸪 Save the Children㸦ୡ⏺㖟⾜㸧㸪World Vision㸦ୡ⏺㖟⾜㸧㸪Star Kampuchea㸦Forum Syd 㸦ࢫ࢙࣮࢘ࢹࣥࡢ NGO ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᅋయ㸧㸧㸪CARE㸦EU㸧࠸࠺ 5 ࡘ NGO㸦ᣓᘼෆࡣ ࡑࡢάືࡢࡓࡵࡢ㈨㔠ࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࢻࢼ࣮㸧ࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀᢸᙜᕞࢆࡶࡕ㸪ࡑࡢᕞෆ࡛ࡢάືࢆ ᨭ࠼ࡓࡾ㸪ᩍカࡢᢳฟ㸪ᨻ⟇ࡢᥦゝࡘ࡞ࡆࡓࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㸵㸧ࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࡢྲྀ⤌㛵ࡍࡿᨻᗓෆᢸᙜ㒊ᒁࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡶ ࡶᆅ᪉⾜ᨻᨵ㠉యࡢィ⏬⟇ᐃ࣭ண⟬࣭┬ᗇ㛫ㄪᩚ➼ࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿẸⓗᆅ᪉㛤Ⓨᅜᐙ ጤဨ㸦National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Developmentࠋ௨ୗ㸪NCDD ⾲グࡍࡿ㸧ࡢࡓࡵෆົ┬ෆ NCDD ົᒁࡀタࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࡢ NCDD ົᒁ ࡢ࡞࠶ࡿ M&E ࢭࢡࢩࣙࣥ㛗ࡀ♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ㛵ࡍࡿᴗົࢆ⟶ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢ NCDD ෆᢸᙜ⪅࠾ࡼࡧಖ┬࣭ᩍ⫱┬ࡢᢸᙜ⪅㸪ࡉࡽ NGO ഃࡽࡢ 3 ྡ㸪ࡉࡽ ࢜ࣈࢨ࣮ࣂ࣮ࡋ࡚ཧຍࡍࡿᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵ࡼࡗ࡚ࢼࢩࣙࢼ࣭ࣝࢥ࣮ࢹࢿࢸࣥࢢ࣭ࢢࣝ ࣮ࣉࡀ⤌⧊ࡉࢀ㸪┬ᗇࡸᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵㸪ᕷẸ♫ࡢㄪᩚࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㹙I-SAF 2014㸸34㹛ࠋ 㸳㸬࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾ࡅࡿ♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸᙉྲྀ⤌ࡢ≉ᚩ ௨ୖ㸪ୡ⏺ⓗ࡞♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸᙉࡢྲྀ⤌㸪ࡑࡋ࡚㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾ࡅࡿ♫ ࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ㛵ࡍࡿྲྀ⤌ࡢᴫせࢆグࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࡇࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞≉ᚩ ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ௨ୗ㸪3 ࡘศࡅ࡚グࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ➨୍㸪᪤㏙ࡢ࠾ࡾ㸪ୡ⏺ⓗࡣ♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸᙉࡢලయⓗྲྀ⤌ࡋ࡚ࡉ ࡲࡊࡲ࡞࣓ࢽ࣮ࣗࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡀ㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾ࡅࡿ♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸᙉࡢྲྀ⤌ ࡢ㍈࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻࡢྲྀ⤌࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡀ᭱ࡢ≉ᚩ࡞ࡗ ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦8㸧ࠋ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ㸪࡞ࡐ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࡛ࡣࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻࡀ᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ṇ☜ࡣ㸪ᙜࡢ㛵ಀ⪅ࢆᑐ㇟ࡍࡿ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾࢆ࠾ࡋ࡚☜ㄆࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࢥ࣑ࣗ ࢽࢸࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻ⮬㌟ࡀࡶࡘᛶ㉁㉳ᅉࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢᛶ㉁ࡣ㸪ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ ࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻࡀ㸪2000 ᖺ௦ึ㢌㸪ᡭ NGO ࡢ CARE International ࡼࡗ࡚࣐ࣛ࢘ ࡢಖࢭࢡࢱ࣮ᙉࡢࡓࡵ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓࡁࡽࠕࢧࣥࢻࢵࢳ࣭ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠖࡤࢀ ࡿࡶࡢࢆෆໟࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㹙Wild et al. 2015㸸12㹛㸪ࡑࢀࡀᨻⓗ࡞ཷࡅධࢀࡸࡍࡉࡘ࡞ࡀ ࡿ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࠕࢧࣥࢻࢵࢳ࣭ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠖࡣ㸪ఏ⤫ⓗぢࡽࢀࡿ㸪ᕷẸ ♫ᅜᐙࡢᑐ❧㛵ಀࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡇࢀࢆၐ࠼ࡿ Fox ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࠕࠕኌࠖ ࠕṑࠖࡢ᪉ࠖ㹙2015㸸346㹛㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ᕷẸ♫࣭ᅜᐙ㛫ࡢ༠ㄪࢆ㔜ࢇࡌ㸪ᕷẸࡢኌ ᅜᐙࡢไᗘⓗ⬟ຊࡢ୧᪉ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿไᗘኚ㠉ᡓ␎࡛࠶ࡿࠋゝ࠸࠼ࢀࡤ㸪ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢫ
10 ࢥ࣮࢝ࢻࡣ㸪ᕷẸ♫ࡢ࢚ࣥࣃ࣓࣡ࣥࢺࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪ᕷẸ♫࣭ᅜᐙ㛫㸪බඹࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ ࡢ㟂せഃ౪⤥ഃࡢᶫΏࡋࢆࡣࡾ㸪ඹྠ࡛ࡢၥ㢟ゎỴࢆᚿྥࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸦9㸧㸪ࡑࢀ ࡺ࠼㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࡛ࡶ᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡸࡍࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡞࠾㸪ୡ⏺㖟⾜ࡣ㸪2000 ᖺ௦ึ㢌ࡽ㸪ୡ⏺ⓗ࡞つᶍ࡛♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ㛵ࡍ ࡿྲྀ⤌ࡘ࠸࡚⇕ᚰ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡃ♫㛤Ⓨ㒊࡛ࡣ㸪ᙜࡽ㸪♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ 㛵ࡍࡿ࣮࣡࢟ࣥࢢ࣮࣌ࣃ࣮㹙Ackerman 2005㹛ࢆⓎ⾜ࡋ㸪2010 ᖺ௦ධࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪ࡦࡁ ࡘ࡙ࡁㄪᰝ◊✲ࢆ⾜࠸㸪ࡑࡢ▱ぢࢆ῝ࡉࡏࡿࡶ㹙McNeil and Makena 2010㸹 Grandvoinnet et al. 2015㹛㸪ࡑࢀࢆୡ⏺ྛᆅ࠾ࡅࡿ♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ ᙉᴗࡘ࡞ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾ࡅࡿ♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ㛵ࡍࡿྲྀ⤌ࡶ㸪 ୡ⏺㖟⾜ࡀ 2000 ᖺ௦ࡣࡌࡵ Program to Enhance Capacity in Social Accountability 㸦PECSA㸧࠸࠺ྡ⛠࡛㸪ࡑࡢᚋࡣ Demand for Good Governance㸦DFGG㸧࠸࠺ྡ⛠ ࡛⾜ࡗࡓᴗ➃ࢆⓎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ➨㸪⌧ᅾ㸪I-SAF ࡢࡶ࡛㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻࡣ㸪ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗ ࣥホ㆟ᑠᏛᰯ㸪ಖࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢ 3 ࡘࢆᕷẸࡼࡿ⾜ᨻホ౯ࡢᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚㑅ᢥࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡀ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ホ౯ᑐ㇟ࢫࢥ࣮ࣉࡢᣑࡶ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾ࡅࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻ ࡢ≉ᚩ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶᮏ✏ᇳ➹ࡢཧ⪃ࡋࡓᩥ⊩࡛⤂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪 ᅜ࠾ࡅࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ 1 ࢭࢡࢱ࣮㝈ᐃࡋ࡚⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᗈࡃ♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸᙉྲྀ⤌ࡀ」ᩘࢭࢡࢱ࣮ࢆᢅࡗࡓࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇ Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ㸧ࠋࡲࡓ㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾࠸࡚ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻࡀࣃࣟࢵࢸࣥࢢⓗ ᑟධࡉࢀࡣࡌࡵࡓᮇᇳ➹ࡉࢀࡓㄪᰝ◊✲㹙Eng et al. 2015㹛࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪⪃ᐹࡢᑐ㇟ ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡣ 1 ᆅ༊ 1 ࢭࢡࢱ࣮ࡢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᑐࡍࡿᕷẸホ౯࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᙜึࡣ 1 ࢭࢡࢱ࣮ᑐࡍࡿᕷẸࡼࡿ⾜ᨻホ౯ࡋ࡚ᐇࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢫࢥ ࣮࢝ࢻࡢ࣐ࣝࢳࢭࢡࢱ࣮ࡣ㸪どᐹࡢ㝿ࡶ㸪ࡾࡲࡵࡿ JAAP ᩘࡢከࡉࡺ࠼㸪⌧ሙ ࡛ࡢΰࡸ㈇ᢸឤࢆ⏕ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢኌࡶ⪺ࢀࡓࠋ࡞ࡐࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢹࢨࣥ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ ࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡣ㸪➨୍ࡢ≉ᚩྠᵝ㸪ᑟධࡢ㛵ಀ⪅ࡢ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪࢝ࣥ ࣎ࢪࡢศᶒࡢ≉ᚩ㉳ᅉࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾ࡅࡿᆅ᪉⾜ᨻᨵ㠉ࡢ≉ᚩ ࡢ 1 ࡘࡣ㸪ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయࡢࡓࡵࡢᇶ㔠タ⨨㸪ࡑࡇࡢ୰ኸᨻᗓࡽࡢ㈨㔠⛣㌿㸪ࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡑ ࡢ㏵㛵ࡍࡿᕷẸཧຍᆺỴᐃ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚Ỵࡵࡽࢀࡿᐇ㝿ࡢ㏵ࡣ㐨㊰⿵ ಟ➼ࡢࣥࣇࣛᴗ೫㔜ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢࡢࢭࢡࢱ࣮ᗈࡀࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ ࡼ࠺࡞ഴྥࡘ࠸࡚㸪ୡ⏺㖟⾜ࡣ㸪ᨻⓗ⌮⏤㸦ࣥࣇࣛᩚഛࡣ┠ぢ࠼ࡸࡍࡃᕷẸࡽ ࡶඪࡽࡶᑐࡉࢀ࡞࠸㸧ࡸᢏ⾡ⓗ⌮⏤㸦㈝⏝ࡢぢ✚ࡶࡾࡸᴗ⪅㑅ᐃࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡀᐃᆺ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡚㸪ẚ㍑ⓗᐇࡀᐜ࡛᫆࠶ࡿ㸧ࡽࢥ࣑࣮࣭ࣗࣥࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺホ㆟ホ㆟ဨࡀጤ⦰ ࡋ㸪ᮏ᮶㸪Ẹⓗ࡞࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࡀᶵ⬟ࡍࡿࡣࡎࡢሙࡀ⤖ᒁࠕಖᏲ⩏ࠖ㹙Plummer and Tritt 2012㸸5㹛ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿホ౯ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ࣭ಖࢭࣥ ࢱ࣮㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ୡ⏺㖟⾜ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢタ㐠ႠᕷẸࡢኌࢆᫎࡉࡏࡿࡇタࡢ
11
ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࢆᨵၿࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚タࡅࡽࢀࡓ SSC ࡸ HCMC ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ㄪᰝ◊ ✲ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㹙Plummer, Tritt and Öjendal 2013㹛ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡶ㸪SSC ࡸ HCMC ࡣไᗘ ⓗ⌮⏤㸦タ㐠Ⴀ⪅࣭ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻ㛵ಀ⪅ࡼࡗ࡚ጤဨࡀᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧ࡸᩥⓗ⌮⏤㸦 ⪅ࡢᑓ㛛㡿ᇦධࡾ㎸ࢇ࡛Ⓨゝࡍࡿࡇࢆ㑊ࡅࡿ㸧ࡽ㸪♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࡀᯝࡓ ࡉࢀࡎ㸪ࡏ࠸ࡐ࠸ࡀ♫ⓗࣁ࣮ࣔࢼࢮ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ࠶ࡾ㸪㟂せഃࢻࣜࣈࣥࡢᙧ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ ࡞࠸ホ౯ࡋ㸪ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻࣜࣥࢡࡍࡿࡇࢆᥦゝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦10㸧ࠋࡑ࠺ࡋ ࡓ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪࡢศᶒࡢ⌧≧㸪ࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࢀ㛵ࡍࡿୡ⏺㖟⾜ࡢホ౯ࡀࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣐ࣝࢳ ࢭࢡࢱ࣮࠾ࡼࡪࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻࡢ᥇⏝ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ➨୕㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾ࡅࡿ♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸᙉࡢྲྀ⤌࡛ࡣ㸪ᕷẸࡢኌࡢ⾜ᨻ ࡢᫎ㸪බඹࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ㉁ⓗ࣭㔞ⓗྥୖ࠸࠺ᡂᯝࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪ࡑࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࠾ࡅࡿ ᕷẸ♫ࡢᙉ࠸࠺ࡇࡶ㔜せどࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ධᛕ࡞ேᮦ⫱ᡂィ⏬కࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸ ࠺ࡇࡀ≉ᚩ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋලయⓗࡣ㸪ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻࡣ㸪᪤㏙ࡢ࠾ࡾ㸪 ㈨㔠ᥦ౪ࢆ⾜࠺ᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵ࡢୗ㸪ᅜ㝿࣭ᅜෆࡢᡭ NGO ࡀᴗົ⟶⌮ࢆ⾜࠺ࡀ㸪ᐇ㝿ࡢ᪥ᖖ ᴗົࡣ㸪ࡉࡽࡑࡢୗ⨨ࡍࡿᑠつᶍ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ NGO ࡸ CBO㸪ᆅᇦᒃఫࡍࡿᕷẸࡢ࡞ ࡽເ㞟ࡉࢀࡿ᭷ൾ࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࡛࠶ࡿ CAF ࡼࡗ࡚ᢸࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࢀࡽ ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ NGO ࡸ CBO㸪CAF ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡲࡎ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ NGO ⫋ဨྥࡅィ 16 ᪥㛫ࡢ ToT ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ㸪ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻࡢྛẁ㝵㛵㐃ࡍࡿ▱㆑ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ㌟ࡘࡅࡉࡏ㸪 ࡑࡢ࠺࠼࡛࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ NGO ࡀࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝάືࡍࡿዪᛶࡸ࣮ࣘࢫ㸪㞀ࡀ࠸⪅➼ 㛵ࡍࡿάືࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ CBO ࢆ≉ᐃࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ NGO CBO ࡣ㸪ᕞ࣭㒆࣭ ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥ⾜ᨻ㛵ಀ⪅㸪㛵㐃┬ᗇࡢᆅ᪉ฟඛᶵ㛵⫋ဨ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ࣭ಖࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢタ㐠Ⴀ 㛵ಀ⪅ࡀཧຍࡍࡿࣥࢭࣉࢩࣙࣥྜࡤࢀࡿྜࢆ㛤ദࡋ࡚㸪♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ ࡢព⩏ࡸࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻࡢᡭ㡰➼ࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡓ࠶㸪࢘ࢺ࣮ࣜࢳάືࢆࡘ࠺ ࡌ࡚㸪CAF ࡢເ㞟࣭㑅ᐃࢆ⾜࠺ࠋCAF ࡣ 1 ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥ 4 ྡ࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ 2 ྡࡣዪᛶ㸪 2 ྡࡣ 35 ᡯ௨ୗࡢ࣮ࣘࢫ࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࠸࠺ᇶ‽ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦㒆༢࡛ࡣ 30㹼40 ྡࡢ CAF ࡀ࠸ࡿࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧ࡀ㸪ࡇࡢ CAF ࡣ㸪᭱ึࡢᇶ♏ⓗ࡞◊ಟ㸦ィ 16 ᪥㛫㸧ࢆ ⤊࠼ࡓ࠶㸪࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ NGO ࡀ⾜࠺ᕷẸྥࡅሗᥦ౪ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࢆ CAF ࡀほᐹࡋ㸪ḟࡣ CAF ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ NGO ⫋ဨࡀඹྠ࡛ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࢆࣇࢩࣜࢸ࣮ࢺࡋ㸪ࡉࡽࡑࡢᚋ㸪CAF ࡀ⮬㌟࡛ࣇࢩࣜࢸ࣮ࢺࡋ㸪࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ NGO ࡀほᐹࡍࡿ࠸࠺ᙧ࡛㸪ᗙᏛᐇ㊶ࢆ⤌ࡳྜ ࢃࡏ㸪ᚎࠎ⊂ࡾ❧ࡕࡍࡿࡼ࠺ᕤኵࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋゝ࠸࠼ࢀࡤ㸪య㦂ⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ࣉࣟࢢࣛ ࣒࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪▱㆑ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪ࡑࢀࡢ⏝㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㸪ࠕ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠖࡇࢆ┠ ᣦࡋࡓࢹࢨࣥ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸴㸬ᚋ㸪ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡁ◊✲ㄢ㢟 ௨ୖ㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾ࡅࡿᆅ᪉⾜ᨻᨵ㠉ࡢᯟ⤌ࡢ࡞࡛㐍ࡵࡽࢀࡿ♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜ ࢸ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢᵓ⠏ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡑࡢᴫせࡸ≉ᚩࢆぢ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᚋ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ືࡁ㛵
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ࡋ࡚ࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄪᰝ◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
➨୍㸪ᡂᯝ࣭ࣉࣟࢭࢫホ౯ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾ࡅࡿ♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ ᙉࡢྲྀ⤌ࡣࡲࡔጞࡲࡗࡓࡤࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡓホ౯㹙Eng et al. 2015㹛ຍ࠼㸪ࡲࡓ㸪㐣ཤ⾜ࢃࢀࡓ࣮࣋ࢫࣛࣥㄪᰝ㹙Heng et al. 2014㹛↷ࡽࡋ㸪 I-SAF グࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᥦ౪⪅ࡸ㸪ᕷẸ♫ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ CBO ࡸ CAF ࡢ▱㆑࣭ែ ᗘ࣭ࢫ࢟ࣝୖࡢኚᐜ㸪ᕷẸ⾜ᨻࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢኚࡀᮏᙜᐇ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿ ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
➨㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᅜ࠾ࡅࡿ⤒㦂ࡽ㸪ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻࡣᐇࡉࢀࡿࢥ ࣥࢸࢡࢫࢺࡼࡗ࡚ᡂᯝࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡇࡀศࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㹙Wild et al. 2015㸹Fox 2015㸹 Grandvoinnet et al 2015㹛ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ᡂᯝࡀ⏕㉳ࡍࡿ⎔ቃ㸪ࡑࡇ࠶ࡿಁ㐍࣭㜼ᐖせᅉ ࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡢࡶ࠶ࢃࡏ࡚ㄪࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࢹࢨࣥࡉࢀࡓࢥ࣑ࣗࢽ ࢸࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻࡢᡂᯝ㐩ᡂ࠸࠺⠊ᅖ㝈ࡽࡎ㸪ࡉࡽᗈࡃどⅬࢆࡶࡕ㸪ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ ࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻ⮬యࡀࡶࡘ㸪ᕷẸ࣭⾜ᨻ㛫ࡢࠕᑐ❧ࠖࡽᘓタⓗ࡞ࠕ༠ຊࠖ࠸࠺ࠕ㠀ᨻ ᛶࠖࡀ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾ࡅࡿ♫㐠ືࡢᡂ㛗ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛵ಀ࠶ࡿࡢ㸪ఏ⤫ⓗ࡞♫ 㐠ືᡭἲࡢளὶ➼ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠸ࡗࡓศᯒࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ➨୕㸪㸪NGO ࡢ࡞࡛ࡶேᶒᇶ┙ᆺࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆᶆᴶࡍࡿࡇࢁࡣᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ ࡀ㸪ࡑࡢᐇ㝿ࡢྲྀ⤌ࡣ㸪࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢྲྀ㎸㸪Uvin㹙2004㹛ࡢゝ࠺ࠕࣞࢺࣜࢵࢡୖࡢໟ ࠖࡍࡂ࡞࠸ሙྜࡶᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࠋ୍᪉㸪Ackerman㹙2005㹛ࡸ Grandvoinnet et al㹙2015㸸 25-27㹛ࡀグࡍࡼ࠺㸪♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸேᶒᇶ┙ᆺࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡣ㸪ฟ⮬ࡀ␗ ࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ཧຍࡸሗ㛤♧㸪㠀ᕪู࣭ໟᦤᛶ➼ࡢㅖཎ๎ࢆඹ᭷ࡋ㸪┦⿵ࡍࡿ㛵ಀ ࠶ࡿࠋᚋࡣ㸪♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࡢྲྀ⤌ࡀࡢࡼ࠺ேᶒᇶ┙ᆺࣉ࣮ࣟࢳฟ ࠺ࡢ࣭ฟࢃ࡞࠸ࡢ㸪ࡼࡾᐇドⓗ࡞ㄪᰝ◊✲ࢆ㔜ࡡࡿࡇࢆࡘ࠺ࡌ࡚᥈ồࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ὀ 㸦1㸧ࡇࡢ➨ 2 ᮇ⦅ࡉࢀࡓᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయࡢᴫせ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢ⫼ᬒࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᣋ✏㹙ᒸᓥ ㏆ห㹛 ࢆཧ↷ࡢࡇࠋ 㸦2㸧࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࡣ㸪୍⯡ⓗࠕㄝ᫂㈐௵ࠖ࠸࠺᪥ᮏㄒヂࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀከ࠸ࡀ㸪 ࡇࢀࡣ㸪࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸᴫᛕࡢ 2 ࡘࡢᵓᡂせ⣲ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪୍᪉ࡔࡅࡋྵࡲ࡞࠸ヂㄒ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ᮏ✏࠾࠸࡚ࡣ࢝ࢱ࢝ࢼ᭩ࡁ࡛ࠕ࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࠖ࠸࠺⾲グ ࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸦3㸧ࡇࡢ 6 ࡘࡢࢧࣈࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣ㸪ࠕᨻ⟇㛤Ⓨࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛㄪᩚ㸦NCDD ົᒁ㸧ࠖࠕᆅ᪉ ⾜ᨻࡢไᗘⓗ࣭ேⓗ㈨※㛤Ⓨ㸦ෆົ┬㸧ࠖࠕᆅ᪉⾜ᨻࡢேⓗ㈨※㐠Ⴀ㸦බົဨ┬㸧ࠖࠕᆅ᪉ ⾜ᨻࡢ㈨※㸦⤒῭㈈ົ┬㸧ࠖࠕᆅ᪉⾜ᨻࡢィ⏬࣭ᢞ㈨ࣉࣟࢢ࣑ࣛࣥࢢไᗘ㸦ィ⏬┬㸧ࠖࠕホ ㆟㐃ྜࡢ⬟ຊ㛤Ⓨ㸦ホ㆟㐃ྜ㸧࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪
13 㸦4㸧ࡼࡾṇ☜ࡣ㸪2016 ᖺᗘࡣ 14 ᕞ࣭54 㒆࠾࠸࡚ᐇ῭࡛㸪2017 ᖺᗘࡣ 19 ᕞ࣭100 㒆㸪 2018 ᖺᗘࡣ 19 ᕞ࣭120 㒆ᣑࡍࡿணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿ㹙WGPD 2016㸸4㹛ࠋ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪࡣ㸪 㒊࡛ 165 㒆࠶ࡿࡢ࡛㸪యࡢ⣙ 7 ࢆ࢝ࣂ࣮ࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪㒔ᕷ㒊࠾ࡅࡿ ♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢᵓ⠏ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᮇ I-SAF ᳨࡛ウࡉࢀ㸪2017 ᖺᐇィ⏬ࡀⓎ⾲ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㹙๓ᥖ᭩㸸35㹛ࠋ 㸦5㸧I4C ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሗࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᮏᩥ࡛ཧ↷ࡋࡓᩥ⊩㹙DFGG 2015㸸81-89㹛 I4C ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢⱥㄒ∧ࡀᥖ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ࡑࢀࢆཧ↷ࡢࡇࠋ ࡕ࡞ࡳ㸪ࡑࡇࡣ㸪ࡓ࠼ࡤ㸪ࠕࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ㛵ࡍࡿᕷẸࡢᶒࠖࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪 ձホ㆟ဨࡣᕷẸࡀ 5 ᖺ 1 ᗘ㑅ฟࡍࡿࡇ㸪ղࢥ࣑࣮࣭ࣗࣥࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺᇶ㔠ࡢ㏵ࡘ ࠸࡚ࡣᮧ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝẖᖺྜࡀ㛤ദࡉࢀ㸪ᕷẸࡣࡑࡇ࡛ពぢ⾲᫂ࡍࡿࡇ㸪ճࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥ ホ㆟ྜࡢ㛤ദ᪥➼ࡣᥖ♧ᯈ㈞ࡉࢀ㸪ᕷẸࡣࡑࡇཧຍࡋ࡚㉁ၥ࣭せồࡍࡿࡇ 㸪մᅔࡗࡓࡇࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥホ㆟ဨࢥࣥࢱࢡࢺࡋ㸪ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥࡀᥦ౪࣭ᐇ ࡍࡿࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࣭ᴗࡘ࠸࡚‶⾲࣭᫂㉁ၥࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ㸪յࡍ࡚ࡢᚲせ᭩㢮ࡢᥦฟࡀ ࠶ࢀࡤ㸪ฟ⏕࣭Ṛஸ࣭⤖፧ド᫂᭩ࡣ 3 ᪥௨ෆⓎ⾜ࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡇ㸪ն᪤ᐃ ௨እࡢᩱ㔠ࢆᨭᡶ࠺ᚲせࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ㸪շᕷẸࡣᑛཝ࣭ᑛ㔜ࢆࡶࡗ࡚᥋ࡏࡽࢀࡿࡇ㸪ո ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥ㛤Ⓨィ⏬ࡸண⟬㸪ᴗ㸪ົ㛫㸪ᥦ౪ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢෆᐜ౯᱁ࢆ㈞ࡋ࡞ࡅ ࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࡀグࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕಖࢭࣥࢱ࣮㛵ࡍࡿᕷẸࡢᶒࠖ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶグࡋ࡚࠾ࡃ㸪ձᕪู࡞ࡃ㸪ᑛཝ ᑛᩗࢆࡶࡗ࡚᭱ၿࡢࢣࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ㸪ղࡍ࡚ࡢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ౯᱁㸦↓ᩱࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢሙ ྜࡣࡑࡢ᪨ࡢグ㍕ࡀᚲせ㸧ࢆ᫂☜グࡍࡇ㸪ճศࡾࡸࡍࡃ⮬ศࡢᗣ≧ែࡢㄝ᫂ࢆ ཷࡅࡿࡇ㸪㏫⮬ศࡢሗࢆᡭ㛤♧ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡇ㸪մつᐃ௨እࡢᩱ㔠ࢆㄳồࡉࢀ ࡞࠸ࡇ㸪յዪᛶ⏝ࡢࢺࣞ➼㸪ࣉࣛࣂࢩ࣮ࡀ☜ಖࡉࢀࡿࡇ㸪նࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࢻࢥ ࣥࢭࣥࢺࡀ㑂Ᏺࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀグࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᩍ⫱ࢭࢡࢱ࣮㛵ࡋ࡚グࡋ࡚࠾ࡃ㸪ࡓ࠼ࡤ㸪ࠕᏛᰯ࠾ࡅࡿᶒࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ձ ࡍ࡚ࡢᏊࡶࡣ 9 ᖺ㛫ࡢᏛᰯᩍ⫱ࢆ↓ᩱ࡛㸪⏨ዪᕪูࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡃ㸪ཷࡅࡿࡇࡀ ࡛ࡁ㸪ぶࡶࡋࡃࡣಖㆤ⪅ࡣࡍ࡚ࡢᏊࡶ 6 ᡯࡽᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡉࡏࡿ⩏ົࢆ㈇࠺ࡇ㸪 ղ1 Ꮫ⣭ࡢ⏕ᚐᩘࡣ᭱ 42 ྡ࡛࠶ࡿ㸪ճᩍᖌࡣᖺ㛫 228 㛫ᩍ࠼ࡿ⩏ົࢆ㈇࠸㸪ᤵᴗᮇ 㛫୰ࡣᏛᰯ࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ㸪մᏛᰯࡣࡍ࡚ࡢᏊࡶ 1 ே 3㹼4 ࡢᩍ⛉᭩ ࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ㸪յ⏨ዪูࡢࢺࣞࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ㸪ն ᩍᖌࡣ⏕ᚐࢆᖹ➼ᢅ࠸㸪ᑛཝࢆ㔜ࢇࡌ㸪యࡸᚰࢆയࡘࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡞⨩ࢆ࠼࡞࠸ࡇ㸪 ࡲࡓ㸪ẖ᭶㸪ぶࡲࡓࡣಖㆤ⪅Ꮚࡶࡢᡂ㛗ࢆఏ࠼ࡿࡶ㸪㠀ṇつࡢᨭᡶ࠸ࢆồࡵ ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡇࡀグࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸦6㸧 ࡇࡢཧ⪃㈨ᩱᥖ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ㸪ᮏᩥグࡋࡓࡼ࠺㸪ᴗ⦼ண⟬࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇ ࡢ࠺ࡕᴗ⦼ࡘ࠸࡚ࡉࡽㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ㸪ࡑࡇࡣ㸪୰ኸᨻᗓࡽᣦ♧ࡢ࠶ࡗࡓྛศ㔝 6 㡯┠㸪ィ 18 㡯┠ࡘ࠸࡚ྛࢥ࣑࣮࣭ࣗࣥタ࠾ࡅࡿࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᥦ౪≧ἣࡸࡑࡢᡂᯝࡀ
14 グࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥホ㆟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㸦a㸧12 ᅇࡢྜࢆ㛤ദࡋࡓ㸪㸦b㸧ࢥ ࣑࣮ࣗࣥᢞ㈨ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ⟇ᐃࡶ࡞࠺ࢥࣥࢧࣝࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥྜࢆཧຍᆺ࡛㛤ദࡋࡓ 㸪㸦c㸧ఫẸ࣭ฟ⏕࣭፧ጻド᫂᭩ࡢ 80㸣௨ୖࢆ 3 ົ᪥௨ෆⓎ⾜ࡋࡓ㸪㸦d㸧ࣥ ࣇࣛᘓタጤဨࡀ࠶ࡿ࠺㸪㸦e㸧ண⟬ࡸィ⏬㸪ົ㛫㸪ᩱ㔠➼ࡢሗ㛤♧ࡀ࡞ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪㸦f㸧JAAP ࡀබ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ 6 㡯┠ࡀ࠶ࡀࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᒚ⾜≧ἣ ᐇ⦼ࡋ࡚㸪ᐇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࢀࡤ܂࣐࣮ࢡࡀ㸪ᐇࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ܉ࡀ♧ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࠋᑠ Ꮫᰯ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪㸦a㸧ᩍဨඣ❺ẚࡀ 42 ே࠸࠺ᇶ‽ࢆ‶ࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪㸦b㸧ᖺ㛫 228 ᪥ᤵᴗࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸪㸦c㸧ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ 3 ࡢᩍ⛉᭩ᥦ౪ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓ㸪㸦d㸧ᑠᏛᰯ㐍 Ꮫ⋡ࡣ 90㸣௨ୖࢆ㉸࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㸪㸦e㸧␃ᖺ⋡ࡀ 10㸣ࢆ㉸࠼࡚࠸࡞࠸㸪㸦f㸧ึ➼ᩍ⫱ ಟ⋡ࡀ 80㸣ࢆ㉸࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ 6 㡯┠ࡀ㸪ಖࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㸦a㸧㏻ᖖႠ ᴗ㛫ෆࡣ 8 ྡ㹼12 ྡࡢ⫋ဨࡀົࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪㸦b㸧ಖࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢ 24 㛫⫋ဨ ᖖ㥔యไࡣᏲࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪㸦c㸧ᖺ 12 ᅇ㸪ᨻᗓࡽࡢᇶ♏⸆ရᥦ౪ࡶ࡙ࡁ㸪ಖ ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡛ࡣᕷẸᚲせ࡞⸆ရࡀฎ᪉ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪㸦d㸧80㸣௨ୖࡢዷ፬ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ ࡶ 4 ᅇ㸪ಖࢭࣥࢱ࣮㏻ࡗࡓ㸪㸦e㸧ಖࢭࣥࢱ࣮࠾ࡅࡿฟ⏘⋡ࡣ 66㸣ࢆ㉸࠼࡚ ࠸ࡿ㸪㸦f㸧1 ṓᮍ‶ඣࡢண㜵᥋✀⋡㸦ィ 3 ᅇ㸧ࡣ 97㸣ࢆ㉸࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ 6 㡯┠ ࡀ࠶ࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪ࡇࡢᴗ⦼㛵ࡍࡿཧ⪃㈨ᩱࡣ㸪NCDD ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺෆタ ࡅࡽࢀࡓࠕI-SAF M&E Database Systemࠖ㸦http://mis.ncdd.gov.kh/isaf/en㸧࠾࠸࡚ ࢡ࣓࣮ࣝㄒ࡛㜀ぴࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
㸦7㸧2016 ᖺᗘ࠾ࡅࡿሗᥦ౪࣭ᕷẸࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢࡢᐇ 19 ᕞࡑࢀࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿᅜ㝿࣭ᅜ ෆᡭ NGO ࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋRACHA ࡣࢥ࣏ࣥࣥࢫࣉ࣮㸪ࢥ࣏ࣥࣥࢳ࣒ࣕ㸪ࣃ ࣜࣥ㸪ࣂࣥࢸ࣑ࣥࢳ࢙㸪ࢩ࢚࣒ࣜࢵࣉ㸪ࣂࢵࢱࣥࣂࣥࢆ㸪World Vision ࡣࣂ ࣥࢸ࣑ࣥࢳ࢙㸪ࢩ࢚࣒ࣜࢵࣉ㸪ࢥ࣏ࣥࣥࢺ࣒㸪ࣉࣞࣅ࣊㸪ࢥ࣏ࣥࣥࢳࣗࢼ ࣥࢆ㸪Save the Children ࡣࣉࣞ࣋ࣥ㸪ࣉࣝࢧࢵࢺ㸪ࢡࣛࢳ࢚㸪ࢫࢺࣥࢺࣞࣥ㸪ࢺ ࣎ࣥࢡ࣒ࣥ㸪CARE ࡣࣛࢱࢼ࢟ࣜ㸪ࣔࣥࢻࣝ࢟ࣜ㸪ࢥࢥࣥ㸪࣏࢝ࣥࢵࢺ㸪Star Kampuchea ࡣࢫࣂ࢚ࣜࣥࢆᢸᙜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦୍㒊ࡢᕞࡣ」ᩘࡢ NGO ࡀ㛵ࡋ㸪ࡑࡇ࡛ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ ࡛ᢸᙜ㒆ࢆศࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧ࠋ
㸦8㸧♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸᙉࡢྲྀ⤌ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻ௨እ㸪 ࡍ࡚ࡢࢥ࣑࣮࣭ࣗࣥࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺ㸪㒆࣭༊࣭ᕷ࠾࠸࡚㸪᭹ࢆ⾲᫂ࡋࡓࡾ㸪ṇࢆሗ ࿌ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ┠Ᏻ⟽㸦grievance box ࡶࡋࡃࡣ complaint box ⾲グࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕᅜᐙࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖࡢ࡞࡛ࠕᖹ⏦❧ไᗘ㸦grievance mechanism㸧ࠖ⾲グࡉࢀࡿࡶ ࡢྠ୍࡛࠶ࡿ㸧ࢆタ⨨ࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㹙NCDD 2014㸸18㹛ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡑࡢ┠ᶆ ࡋ࡚㸪2017 ᖺᗘࡣࡍ࡚ࡢࢥ࣑࣮࣭ࣗࣥࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺࡀཷ⌮ࡋࡓ᭹ᒆࡀ 3000㸪㒆࣭ ᕷ࣭༊ࡀ 1200 ࠸࠺ᩘ್┠ᶆࡶ࠶ࡿ㹙๓ᥖ᭩㸸18㹛ࠋ 㸦9㸧ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻࡢ≉ᚩࡣ㸪ྠࡌ♫࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸᙉࢆࡡࡽࡗࡓྲྀ⤌ ࡛࠶ࡿᕷẸ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ࣮࢝ࢻẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࡳࡿࡼࡃศࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋᕷẸ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ࢝
15 ࣮ࢻࡣ㸪ࣥࢻ࣭ࣂ࣮࡛ࣥ࢞ࣟ㛤Ⓨ࣭ᐇࡉࢀࡣࡌࡵࡓࡶࡢ࡛㸪ࡑࡢᚋ㸪ୡ⏺㖟⾜ࡸࡑ ࡢࡢᨭࢆᚓ࡚㸪ୡ⏺ྛᆅ࡛ᐇࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᕷẸ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ࣮࢝ࢻࡣ㸪ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ ࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻྠᵝ㸪ᕷẸࡀබඹࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ㏻ಙ⡙ࢆࡘࡅࡿ࠸࠺ᴗ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᕷẸࣞ ࣏࣮ࢺ࣮࢝ࢻࡢሙྜࡣ㸪⤫ィᏛⓗ࡞⬟ຊࢆഛ࠼ࡓᑓ㛛ᐙ㞟ᅋ㸦NGO ➼㸧ࡀ≉ᐃࡢබඹࢧ ࣮ࣅࢫ㛵ࡍࡿ‶㊊ᗘࢆၥ࠺㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠸㸪࣓ࢹࢆࡘ࠺ࡌ࡚㸪ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࢆබ⾲ ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ᢏ⾡ⓗ࡞ᴗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡡࡽ࠸ࡣ㸪ձᨻᗓࡢᙅ࠸ࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢࢆ⿵࠸ࡘࡘ㸪ղ ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕ┠❧ࡕຠᯝࠖ㸦glare effect㸧ࡼࡗ࡚㸪࣏ࢪࢸࣈࡲࡓࡣࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞ไࢆ ࡶࡓࡽࡍࡇ㸪ࡘࡲࡾ㸪ᐇ⬟ຊࡢᙉ࠸࣭ᙅ࠸㒊⨫ࡀ㒊⨫ẚ㍑ࡋ㸪ࡑࡇࡽࣃࣇ࢛ ࣮࣐ࣥࢫࡢྥୖࡘ࡞ࡆࡿࡇࢆᮇᚅࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪ᕷẸ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ࣮࢝ࢻࡶ㸪 ࡑࡢᚋࡣ㸪ᢏ⾡ⓗ⍗⑅ࡢ࡞࠸‶㊊ᗘㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠺࠸࠺≉ᚩࢆ⥅⥆ࡋࡘࡘࡶ㸪⤖ᯝࢆබ ⾲ࡍࡿ㝿ࡣࣃࣈࣜࢵࢡࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࢆタࡅ㸪ࡑࡇ࡛ᐁᕷẸࡀ୍⥴⤖ᯝࡸࡑࡢᨵ ၿࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡍࡿ➼㸪♫ⓗ࡞せ⣲ࢆ⤌ࡳࡇࡴࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᕷẸ♫ ࡢᙺࡶ㸪ࡑࢀᛂࡌ࡚㸪reactive㸦⤖ᯝࡢබ⾲㸧Ѝproactive㸦ኚࡢࡓࡵࡢᑐヰ㸧 Ѝreformist㸦ᨵ㠉ࡢࡓࡵࡢࢻࣂࢫ㸧࠸࠺ኚࢆࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ㹙Ackerman 200㹛ࠋ 㸦10㸧 ࡞࠾㸪ࡇࡢࡶ㸪ୡ⏺㖟⾜ࡀ⾜ࡗࡓᆅ᪉⾜ᨻᨵ㠉㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝሗ࿌᭩ࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ㸪 ࢝ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻࡢᐇࢹࢨࣥࡢ㝶ᡤࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤ㸪1990 ᖺ௦௨ 㝆㸪CARERE2 ࡸ Seila ࡤࢀࡿᴗࡢ࡞࡛㸪ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥ㛤Ⓨィ⏬࣭ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥᢞ ㈨ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ⟇ᐃ㛤ദࡉࢀࡿᮧⴠྜ࡛ࡣࠕୡᖏࡢ 60㸣௨ୖࠖ࠸࠺ከᩘࡢᕷẸ ࡀືဨࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࡢືဨ┠ᶆࡀ㐩ᡂࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡇࡶᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࡶࡑࡶ ࡑࡇ࡛ࡣᐇ㉁ⓗពぢ⾲᫂ࢆࡍࡿࡇࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ୡ⏺㖟⾜ࡢሗ࿌᭩࡛ ࡶ㸪ࠕཧຍࠖࡢ㉁ࡀపࡃ㸪ࠕᕷẸཧ⏬ civic engagementࠖࡢᇦ㐩ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢᣦࡀ ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㹙Plummer and Tritt 2012㸸31-32㹛ࠋࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻ࡛ࡣ㸪ᮏ ᩥ࡛ࡶグࡋࡓࡼ࠺㸪㏫㸪ྜࡢཧຍ⪅ᩘࡣ 20 ྡ௨ୗ࠾ࡉ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪࢝ ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾ࡅࡿ࣮ࣘࢫࡢᨻཧຍࡢ㔞ⓗ࣭㉁ⓗ࡞పࡉࡣ㸪UNDP㹙2010㹛ࡸ CDRI㹙Heng et al. 2014㹛 ࡼ ࡿ ㄪ ᰝ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ᣦ ࡉ ࢀ 㸪 ୡ ⏺ 㖟 ⾜ ࡢ ሗ ࿌᭩ 㹙 Plummer, Tritt and Öjendal㸸2013㹛ࡢ㝶ᡤ࡛ゝཬࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ᮏᩥ࡛ࡶ㏙ࡓࡼ࠺ 㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾ࡅࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢫࢥ࣮࢝ࢻ࡛ࡣ CAF ࡢເ㞟࠾࠸࡚ᙉࡃព㆑ࡉ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㸦ⱥᩥ㸧
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Reform and Youth Participation in Local Rural Governance. 㸦CDRI Working Paper Series No.94.㸧, Phnom Penh: Cambodia Development Research Institute.
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Working Group for Partnerships in Decentralization 㸦 2016 㸧Update on the ISAF Implementation 㸦 Quarterly Meeting of the Working Group for Partnerships in Decentralization, 30 August 2016㸧. Phnom Penh: WGPD.
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㸦ᩥ㸧 ᒸᓥඞᶞ㸦㏆ห㸧ࠕ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾ࡅࡿᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘࡢኚ㑄̿2000 ᖺ௦ᚋ༙௨㝆ࡢືࡁࡑࡢ ≉ᚩࠖࠗ㜰㇂Ꮫே㛫♫Ꮫㄅ㸦Vol.11㸧࠘㜰㇂Ꮫ. JICA㸦2007㸧ࠗJICA ࠾ࡅࡿ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫᨭ㸫Ẹⓗ࡞ไᗘ࡙ࡃࡾ㸪⾜ᨻᶵ⬟ࡢྥୖ㸪ἲᩚ ഛᨭ㸫ㄪᰝ◊✲ሗ࿌᭩࠘JICA. 㧗ᶫⓒྜᏊ㸦2015㸧ࠕ࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸᨵ㠉ࡢᨻᏛࠖࠗ࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸᨵ㠉ࡢᨻᏛ࠘ 㧗ᶫⓒྜᏊ⦅㸪᭷ᩫ㛶. 㧗ᶫⓒྜᏊ࣭⢑㇂♸Ꮚ㸦2015㸧ࠕ࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ◊✲ࡢ⌧≧ㄢ㢟ࠖࠗ࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸ ᨵ㠉ࡢᨻᏛ࠘㧗ᶫⓒྜᏊ⦅㸪᭷ᩫ㛶.
