消費パターンとブランド戦略の相互関係についての
分析 : ライフスタイルブランドTHREEを事例として
(坂本正教授 退職記念号)
著者
田中 晃子
雑誌名
熊本学園商学論集
巻
23
号
2
ページ
179-200
発行年
2019-03-29
URL
http://id.nii.ac.jp/1113/00003187/
ࠑㄽᩥࠒ
ᾘ㈝䝟䝍䞊䞁䛸䝤䝷䞁䝗ᡓ␎䛾┦㛵ಀ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾ศᯒ㻌
㸫ࣛࣇࢫࢱࣝࣈࣛࣥࢻ THREE ࢆࡋ࡚㸫
⏣ ୰ Ꮚ
ࡣࡌࡵ 㸯. ᾘ㈝ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ⢝ရࡢࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ␎ (㸯) ᾘ㈝ᩥ⌮ㄽࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ␎ (㸰) ⢝ရࡢᾘ㈝㛵ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲ (㸱) THREE ࡢࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ␎ 㸰. ᮏㄪᰝࡢᡭἲ (㸯) ᑐ㠃ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ࢜ࣥࣛࣥࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ (㸰) ㄪᰝᴫせ 㸱. THREE ࡢ⮬↛࣭ࢽ࣮ࣗࢺࣛࣝ⚄ヰࡢཷᐜ (㸯) ゎ᫂ࡉࢀࡿࡁㄢ㢟 (㸰) ゝㄝࡢゎㄞ (㸱) ⤖ㄽ ࠾ࢃࡾࡣࡌࡵ
ᮏ✏ࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊ⢝ရࢆ୰ᚰࡋࡓࠕࣛࣇࢫࢱࣝࣈࣛࣥࢻࠖ1࡛࠶ࡿTHREEࡢ࣮ࣘࢨ ࣮ᑐࡍࡿࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊࣈࣛࣥࢻࢆᨭᣢࡍࡿᾘ㈝⪅ࡓࡕࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞≉ᚩࢆᣢࡗ ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡇ࠶ࡿࠋ ㄽᩥࡢᵓᡂࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ➨㸯❶࡛ᾘ㈝ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ␎ࡢ㛵ಀࡘ࠸࡚ㄽ ࡌࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊ➨㸯⠇࡛ᾘ㈝ᩥ⌮ㄽ࠾ࡅࡿࠕᾘ㈝ࡢ♫Ṕྐⓗ࡞ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࠖࢆࡣࡌࡵ ࡍࡿ◊✲㡿ᇦࡘ࠸࡚ᴫほࡋࠊࡉࡽࡑࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚Ⓨ㐩ࡋࡓ࢝ࣝࢳ࣭ࣗࣛࣝࣈࣛࣥࢹ ࣥࢢࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࡘ࠸࡚ㄽࡌࡿࠋḟࠊ➨㸰⠇࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⢝ရࡸࣇࢵࢩࣙࣥ㛵ࡍࡿᾘ㈝ ᩥ⌮ㄽࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࢆࣞࣅ࣮ࣗࡍࡿࠋ➨㸱⠇࡛ࡣࠊTHREEࡢࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ␎ࡘ࠸࡚ᴫㄝࡍ ࡿࠋ➨㸰❶࡛ࡣࠊᅇ᥇⏝ࡋࡓࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ࡞ࡢㄪᰝᡭἲࡘ࠸࡚ᩚ⌮ࡍࡿࠋ➨㸱❶࡛ࡣࠊ THREEࡢ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ࡢࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢆࡶࢸ࢟ࢫࢺศᯒࢆヨࡳࡿࠋTHREEࡢ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ ࡣࠊࠕࣛࣇࢫࢱࣝࠖࠊࠕࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮つ⠊ࠖࠊࠕTHREEࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࠖࡢ㸱㡯┠ࡘ࠸࡚⮬ ⏤ㄒࡗ࡚ࡶࡽࡗࡓࠋ᭱ᚋࠊࢸ࢟ࢫࢺศᯒࡢෆᐜࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊTHREEࡢࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ␎ࡀࡢ ࡼ࠺࡞ᾘ㈝⪅ᨭᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࠋ 1 2016 ᖺࡢᰴᘧ♫ ACRO ࡢࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡼࡾࠋࠕࡽࡢ௦᭱ࡶࡋ࡞ࡸ࡛⮬↛࡞⏕ࡁ᪉ࠊ ࡑࢇ࡞ࣛࣇࢫࢱࣝࡢࣈࣛࣥࢻࡋ࡚ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠖ࠸࠺ⓎゝࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋTHREE ࡛ࡣࠊ ⢝ရࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࢱ࢜ࣝࡸ࣐ࢢ࢝ࢵࣉࠊ࣐࣑ࣟࢫࢺ࠸ࡗࡓࣛࣇࢫࢱࣝࢢࢵࢬࡶ㈍ࡉࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋ➹⪅ࡣࠊ2017ᖺTHREEࡢࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ␎㛵ࡍࡿㄽᩥ2㸦௨ୗࠊ๓✏ࡍࡿ㸧ࢆᇳ➹ࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋTHREEࡢ〇ရࢆ〇㐀࣭㈍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᰴᘧ♫ACROࡢ㛤Ⓨ㈐௵⪅ᑐࡋ࡚ࣥࢱࣅࣗ ࣮3ࢆᐇࡋࡓࠋ๓✏࡛ࡣࠊTHREEࡢࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ␎ࡀᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿせᅉࡀࠊࠕ⮬↛࣭ࢽ࣮ࣗ ࢺࣛࣝ⚄ヰࠖࡢタᐃ࠸࠺ᾘ㈝ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ⏝ࡋࡓ࢝ࣝࢳ࣭ࣗࣛࣝࣈࣛࣥࢹࣥࢢ࠶ࡿࡢ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺⤖ㄽ⮳ࡗࡓࠋ᱁ᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡀᙜࡓࡾ๓ࡔㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓ⌧ ௦᪥ᮏ࠾࠸࡚ࠊᾘ㈝⪅ࡢᒓᛶࢆၥ࠺ࡇ࡞ࡃ࠶ࡾ࠶ࡽࡺࡿேࠎࢆཷࡅࡵࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࣈ ࣛࣥࢻࡢጼໃࡀࠊᾘ㈝⪅ࡢᏳࢆࡽࡆࡓ⤖ㄽ࡙ࡅࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊ๓✏࡛ࡣࣈࣛࣥࢻࡢไస ഃࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡍࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞⚄ヰࡢタᐃࢆཷࡅධࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡣࡎࡢᾘ㈝ ⪅ഃ᥋㏆ࡍࡿࡲ࡛ࡣ⮳ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊᾘ㈝⪅┤᥋ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᐃᛶⓗ࡞ㄪᰝᡭἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊTHREE࣮ࣘ ࢨ࣮ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢆᐇࡋࡓࠋࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡢᐇ㝿ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ๓✏ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ▱ぢ࡞ ࢆඖゎ᫂ࡉࢀࡿࡁ㸲ࡘࡢㄢ㢟ࢆタᐃࡋࡓࠋTHREEࡢ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣛࣇࢫ ࢱࣝࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡀTHREEࡢࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ␎ࡢࡼ࠺ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆ᫂ ࡽࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ᱁ᕪᐃ╔ࡢ௦࠾ࡅࡿTHREEࡢࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ␎ࡘ࠸࡚ᗘ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ ᱁ᕪᐃ╔ᮇࡢᾘ㈝ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡑࡢᾘ㈝ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ␎ࡢᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚ศᯒࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ
㸯㸬ᾘ㈝ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ⢝ရࡢࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ␎
㸦㸯㸧ᾘ㈝ᩥ⌮ㄽࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ␎ ձ ᾘ㈝ࡢ♫Ṕྐⓗ࡞ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ ᭱ึࠊᾘ㈝ᩥ⌮ㄽࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ␎ࡢ㛵ಀࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋᾘ㈝◊✲ࡢ㛵ᚰࡢ୰ᚰࡣ ௦ඹ⛣ࡾኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ≉ࡁ࡞ືྥࡋ࡚ࠊၟရࡢ㉎㈙㐣⛬ࡽ⏕ά㐣⛬ศ ᯒᑐ㇟ࡀᣑࡋࡓࡇࠊᾘ㈝ࡢᩥⓗ࡞ഃ㠃ࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡇࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ4ࠋ ࡲࡓࠊᐃ㔞ⓗ࡞ሗฎ⌮ᆺໟᣓࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣㄽࡌࡿࡇࡢ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸」㞧ࡘᗈ⠊࡞ᾘ㈝⾜ືࡀ ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡛ࠊᐃᛶⓗ࡞ㄪᰝࡢ㔜せᛶࡀ㧗ࡲࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࠋ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣᾘ㈝ᩥ⌮ㄽ࠸࠺ศᯒᯟ⤌ࡳࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓࠋᾘ㈝ᩥ⌮ㄽࡣࠊከࡃࡢሙྜᐃᛶ ㄪᰝࡢᡭἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋᾘ㈝ᩥ⌮ㄽࡢ᭱ࡢ≉ᚩࡣࠊ௦ࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿᾘ㈝ࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ᫂ࡽ ࡋࠊࡑࡢᙧᡂ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿⅬ࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊ⌧௦ⓗ࡞ᾘ㈝ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ࣐࣮ࢣ ࢸࣥࢢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡸᾘ㈝⏕άࣉࣟࢭࢫ࠾ࡅࡿᩥⓗࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡽศᯒࡍࡿࡇ 㔜Ⅼࢆ⨨࠸࡚࠸ࡿⅬ࡛ࡶ≉ᚩࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᾘ㈝ᩥ⌮ㄽࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞◊✲⪅࡛࠶ࡿ࣮ࣀ ࣝࢻࢺࣥࣉࢯࣥ㸦Arnould and Thompson㸧ࡣࠊᾘ㈝ᩥ⌮ㄽࡣ㸲ࡘࡢ◊✲㡿ᇦࡀ࠶ࡿ ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕᾘ㈝⪅ࢹࣥࢸࢸࠖࠊࠕᕷሙᩥࠖࠊࠕᾘ㈝ࡢ♫Ṕྐⓗ࡞ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࠖࠊࠕ࣐ࢫ࣓ࢹࡼࡿࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮ᾘ㈝⪅ࡢゎ㔘ᡓ␎࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ5ࠋ
2 ⏣୰㸦2017㸧࡛ࡣࠊ࢝ࣝࢳ࣭ࣗࣛࣝࣈࣛࣥࢹࣥࢢࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ⌧௦᪥ᮏ࠾ࡅࡿᾘ㈝ࡢ♫
Ṕྐⓗࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢゎ᫂ࢆヨࡳࡓࠋࡋ࡚ࠊISSEY MIYAKE Mame KurogouchiࠊPOLA THREE ࡢࢆྲྀࡾᢅࡗࡓࠋ 3 2016 ᖺ㸴᭶㸵᪥ࠊᮾி⏣ࡢᰴᘧ♫ ACRO ᮏ♫࠾࠸࡚ᐑ㷂⛱❶ྲྀ⥾ᙺᴗ㛤Ⓨ㒊㛗ᑐࡋ࡚ ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢆᐇࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࠋ 4 ྜྷᮧ㸦2010㸧ࠊ13-14 ࣮࣌ࢪࠋྜྷᮧࡣࠊࡇࡢ㸰Ⅼຍ࠼࡚ࠕᾘ㈝ࡢಶேⓗ࡞⾜Ⅽࡋ࡚ࡢഃ㠃ࡢ㛵 ᚰࠊࡑࢀࡣ┦ࡍࡿ㞟ྜࡋ࡚ࡢᾘ㈝࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣබඹⓗ࡞ᾘ㈝ࡢ㛵ᚰࡢࠊྠⓗ࡞ᣑࠖࡀᾘ ㈝ศᯒࡢ㛗ᮇⓗഴྥࢆ≉ᚩ࡙ࡅ࡚ࡁࡓㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
⌧௦ⓗ࡞ᾘ㈝ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆᩥⓗࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡽศᯒࡍࡿࡣࠊᾘ㈝ᩥ6ࣈࣛࣥ ࢻࡢ┦స⏝ὀ┠ࡍࡿࡇࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿࠋᅗ⾲㸯ࡣࠊᾘ㈝⪅ࡢࢹࣥࢸࢸᙧᡂ ࣈࣛࣥࢻࡢ㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᾘ㈝⪅ࡣᾘ㈝⪅ࡢᬽࡽࡍ⏕άୡ⏺࠾࠸࡚ࠊᾘ㈝⪅ྠ ኈ┦ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ྜ࠸࡞ࡀࡽ⮬ᕫࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࠋ⮬ศࡢ࿘ᅖ࠸ࡿᐙ᪘ࡸேࠊᜊேࠊ⫋ሙ ࡢྠ࡞㛵ࢃࡿࡇ࡛ࠊᾘ㈝⪅ࡣ⮬ࡽࡢࣛࣇࢫࢱࣝࡸࢹࣥࢸࢸࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡋࡋࠊᾘ㈝⪅ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿࡢࡣᾘ㈝⪅ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࣈࣛࣥࢻࡀᾘ㈝⪅ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰ ࡍࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࣈࣛࣥࢻࡣࠊࣈࣛࣥࢻࡢᥦ౪ࡍࡿ〇ရࡸࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊᾘ㈝⪅ࡢࣛࣇ ࢫࢱࣝࡸࢹࣥࢸࢸࡢᙧᡂᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿ7ࠋᾘ㈝⪅ࡣ⮬ࡽࡢࢹࣥࢸࢸࢆ♧ ࡍࡓࡵࣈࣛࣥࢻࢸ࣒ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪉࡛ࠊᾘ㈝⪅ࡢࣛࣇࢫࢱࣝࡸࢹࣥ ࢸࢸࡀࣈࣛࣥࢻࡢ࠶ࡾࡼ࠺ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࣈࣛࣥࢻࡀᾘ㈝⪅ᙳ 㡪ຊࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊᾘ㈝⪅ࡶࡲࡓࣈࣛࣥࢻᑐࡋ࡚ᙳ㡪ຊࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ ᅗ⾲㸯 ᾘ㈝⪅ࡢࢹࣥࢸࢸᙧᡂࣈࣛࣥࢻࡢ㛵ಀ 㸦ฟᡤ㸧➹⪅సᡂࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊᾘ㈝⪅ࣈࣛࣥࢻࡣ᪉ྥᙳ㡪ࡋྜ࠺ࠋᾘ㈝⪅ࡢࣛࣇࢫࢱࣝࡸࢹ ࣥࢸࢸࡢᙧᡂࠊࡉࡽࡣᾘ㈝⪅ࡀᙧసࡿᕷሙᩥࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊᾘ㈝⏕άࣈࣛࣥ ࢻࡢ┦㛵ಀࡢయീࢆࡽ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠸࠺ࡢࡀࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢ❧ሙ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 6 ࡇࡇ࡛࠸࠺ᾘ㈝ᩥࡣࠊᾘ㈝⪅ࡢࣛࣇࢫࢱࣝࡸࢹࣥࢸࢸ࠸ࡗࡓᾘ㈝⪅ࡢᙧసࡿᕷሙ ᩥࡢࡇࢆᣦࡍࠋ
7 Schembri, Merrilees and Kristiansen (2010)ࡣࠊᾘ㈝⪅ࡀ⮬ࡽࡢࢹࣥࢸࢸᙧᡂࡢࡼ࠺
ࣈࣛࣥࢻࢆ⏝ࡍࡿࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡋࡓࠋᾘ㈝⪅ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢆᐇࡋࠊBMW ࡸࢺࣚࢱ࠸ࡗࡓ ࣈࣛࣥࢻࡢ⏝ᾘ㈝⪅ࡢࢹࣥࢸࢸࡢ㛵ಀࢆ᫂ࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ղ ࢝ࣝࢳ࣭ࣗࣛࣝࣈࣛࣥࢹࣥࢢ ࡇࡇ࡛ࠊ๓✏ࡢศᯒᯟ⤌ࡳࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡓ࢝ࣝࢳ࣭ࣗࣛࣝࣈࣛࣥࢹࣥࢢࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚ ࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ࢝ࣝࢳ࣭ࣗࣛࣝࣈࣛࣥࢹࣥࢢࡣࠊᾘ㈝ᩥ⌮ㄽᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚Ⓨ㐩ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ ࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ␎ࡢ᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᾘ㈝ᩥ⌮ㄽࡢࠕᾘ㈝ࡢ♫Ṕྐⓗ࡞ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࠖࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡀ ᑟධࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࣐࣮ࢣࢸࣥࢢࡸ࣐࣮ࢣࢸࣥࢢయࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃ♫⤒῭ⓗ࡞Ṕྐⓗ㌿ ࡀࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ␎῝ࡃ㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺どⅬࢆᣢࡘࠋ ࣍ࣝࢺ㸦D. Holt㸧ࡣࠊ࢝ࣝࢳ࣭ࣗࣛࣝࣈࣛࣥࢹࣥࢢࡘ࠸࡚ࠕࢥࣥⓗࣈࣛࣥࢻࡀ୪እ ࢀࡓࢹࣥࢸࢸ౯್ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ⌮⏤ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡀᅜẸࡢ㞟ᅋⓗ࡞Ᏻ㢪ᮃࢆ⾪࠸࡚࠸ ࡿࡇ࠶ࡿࠖ8ࡋࠊ௦ࢆ㇟ᚩࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞♫ⓗၥ㢟㛵ࢃࡿࡇ࡛ᙉຊ࡞ࣈࣛࣥࢻࡀ⏕ ࡲࢀࡿࡢࡔㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢥ࣭࢝ࢥ࣮ࣛࡸࣂࢻ࣡ࢨ࣮ࠊࣇ࢛ࣝࢡࢫ࣮࣡ࢤࣥ࡞ࡢ ࡽࠊ⡿ᅜࡢࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮ࡢ㌿ࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ␎ࡢ㌿ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࢆゎ᫂ࡋࡓࠋ ྜྷᮧ㸦2013㸧ࡣࠊ࢝ࣝࢳ࣭ࣗࣛࣝࣈࣛࣥࢹࣥࢢࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊࢯࢽ࣮ࡢࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ ␎ࡀ࢜ࣝࢩࣙࢵࢡ௨๓௨㝆࡛㌿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆᣦࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ␎ࡢ㌿ ᚋࠊᕷሙᑐᛂࡍࡿࡃ᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡓከ✀ࡢ࣐࣮ࢣࢸࣥࢢᡓ␎ࡘ࠸࡚ㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᴗᾘ㈝ᩥࡢ㛫ࡢ┦㛵ಀ↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡓᡓ␎ⓗ⟶⌮ࡘ࠸࡚ㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊᮏᗉ 㸦2017㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏᗉࡣࠊࣈࣛࣥࢻࡢពᙧᡂ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ♫ᩥⓗᩥ⬦ࢆྲྀࡾ㎸ࡴࡇࡢ 㔜せᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᙇࡋࡓࠋࡋ࡚ࣘࢽࢡࣟࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࠊࣘࢽࢡࣟࡢࣈࣛࣥࢻ౯್ࡢ᥎ ⛣ࢆ30ᖺ㛫10ᖺࡈࡢࢫࣃ࡛ࣥ㏣ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋẁ㝵ⓗࣈࣛࣥࢻࡢ౯್ࡀୖ᪼ࡍࡿ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ ࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊᾘ㈝ࡢ♫Ṕྐⓗ࡞ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢ㌿ࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ␎ࡢ㛵ಀ╔┠ࡋࠊ⌧௦ⓗ ࡞ࣈࣛࣥࢻồࡵࡽࢀࡿᡓ␎⟶⌮ࡢゎ᫂ࢆヨࡳࡿ◊✲ࡀᅜෆእ࡛㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸦㸰㸧⢝ရࡢᾘ㈝㛵ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲ ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣࠊ⢝ရࡸࣇࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢᾘ㈝㛵ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲ࢆᾘ㈝ᩥ⌮ㄽࡢ㸲ࡘࡢ◊✲㡿 ᇦἢࡗ࡚ᩚ⌮ࡍࡿࠋ ➨㸯ࠊࠕᾘ㈝⪅ࢹࣥࢸࢸࠖࡢ◊✲㡿ᇦ࡛ࡣࠊᾘ㈝⪅ࡀ⊂⮬ࢹࣥࢸࢸ ᙧᡂࢆヨࡳࡿࡢྠࡌࡃࠊࣈࣛࣥࢻࡀᾘ㈝⪅ࡢࢹࣥࢸࢸᙧᡂࡢࡓࡵᚲせ࡞ࡿ〇 ရࡸࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊࣈࣛࣥࢻࡀᾘ㈝⪅ࡢࢹࣥࢸࢸࡢᙧᡂ୍ᙺ㈙࠺ࡇ ࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋࢺࣥࣉࢯࣥࣁࢺࢥ㸦Thompson and Haytko㸧ࡣࠊ⢝ࡸࣇࢵࢩࣙ ࣥ㛵ࡍࡿᾘ㈝⪅ࡢゝㄝࡽࠊᾘ㈝⪅ࡢࢹࣥࢸࢸᙧᡂ♫ᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰࡢ㛵㐃ᛶ ࡘ࠸࡚ㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ9ࠋ⢝ࡸࣇࢵࢩࣙࣥࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⤒㦂ࢆㄒࡿ20ྡᑐࡍࡿࣥࢱࣅࣗ ࣮ࡢࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡀࠊゎ㔘Ꮫⓗࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ㏻ࡌ᳨࡚ウࡉࢀࡓࠋࢳ࣮ࣜࣥࢢࡽ㸦Chihling, Debbie and Margaret㸧ࡣࠊ19ࠥ62ṓࡢ31ྡࡢዪᛶᑐࡋ࡚ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢆᐇࡋࠊ⢝ရ㛵ࡍࡿ ⤒㦂ࡘ࠸࡚㉁ၥࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣥࢱࣅ࣮࡛ࣗࡣࠊࠕ⢝ရࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡿࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣈ ࣛࣥࢻࢆᛮ࠸ᾋࡿ㸽ࠖ࡞ࣈࣛࣥࢻࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᑜࡡ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⢝ရࡢᾘ㈝࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ≉ே㛫㛵ಀ࠾ࡅࡿ⤒㦂ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀࡁ࠸ࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ10ࠋ 8 ࣍ࣝࢺ㸦2005㸧ࠊ26 ࣮࣌ࢪࠋ 9 Thompson and Haytko (1997), p.15.
➨㸰ࠊࠕᕷሙᩥࠖࡢ◊✲㡿ᇦ࡛ࡣࠊᕷሙࡢᩥࡣࣇࣥࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࡞௦⾲ࡉࢀ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ᾘ ㈝ ⪅ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ స ࡾ ฟ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ ࣃ ࢱ ࣮ ࢯ ࣥ ࢩ ࣗ ࣟ ࣮ ࢲ ࣮ 㸦Patterson and Schroeder㸧ࡣࠊࢱࢺ࣮㛵ࡍࡿᕷሙᩥࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡋࠊᾘ㈝⪅ࡢ ࢹࣥࢸࢸࢱࢺ࣮ࡀࡢࡼ࠺㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡘ࠸࡚㗦࠸Ὕᐹࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᐜჾࡋ࡚ࡢ⓶ࠊᫎ㠃ࡋ࡚ࡢ⓶ࠊಟṇࡉࢀࡿ࢝ࣂ࣮ࡋ࡚ࡢ⓶࠸࠺㸱ࡘࡢ࣓ࢱ ࣇ࣮ࡀ⓶ࡣ࠶ࡿᣦࡋࠊឡዲ⪅ࡀసࡾฟࡍᕷሙᩥࡢ≉ᛶࡘ࠸࡚ㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ11ࠋ ➨㸱ࠊࠕᾘ㈝ࡢ♫Ṕྐⓗࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࠖࡢ◊✲㡿ᇦ࡛ࡣࠊ㝵⣭ࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࠊẸ᪘ࠊ ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᾘ㈝ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿไᗘཬࡧ♫ⓗᵓ㐀ὀ┠ࡋ࡚ศᯒࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࠋ࣍ ࣉ࢟ࣥࢫ㸦Hopkins㸧ࡣࠊWTOࡢຍ┕௦⾲ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞୰ᅜࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ ࡢᑐᛂࡀࠊ୰ᅜᅜෆࡢ㒔ᕷ࠾ࡅࡿࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮⾲⌧ࡢࡼ࠺ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡢࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ≉ ࠊ⢝ရࡢᾘ㈝ࡀቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡑࢀࡀࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮⾲⌧ࡢ᥎㐍 ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ࠸࠺⯆῝࠸⤖ㄽ⮳ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ♫ⓗᆅࡸࣛࣇࢫࢱࣝ࡞ࡢࢹࣥࢸ ࢸࢆእྥࡗ࡚♧ࡋࡓ࠸࠸࠺ேࠎࡢḧồࡣࠊ⢝ရ࡞ࡢࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࢆ⾲ࡍၟရࡢ ᾘ㈝ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿ࠸࠺Ỵᐃࢆಁࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽࡉࢀࡓ12ࠋࡲࡓࠊ⢝ရࣇ࢙࣑ࢽ ࢬ࣒ࡘ࠸࡚◊✲ࡍࡿࢫࢥࢵࢺ㸦Scott㸧ࡣࠊࣇ࢙࣑ࢽࢬ࣒ࡀᕷሙάືࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࢳά ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ᙇࡍࡿࠋ᪥ࡢࣇ࢙࣑ࢽࢬ࣒ࡣᕷሙάື㠀ᖖྰᐃⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊᗈ࿌ ዪᛶࡢ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞࣓࣮ࢪࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࡇࡸዪᏊඣ❺ࡢࡓࡵ㐍Ṍⓗ࡞⋵ලࢆసࡿࡇ ࡣཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀ࡙ࡽ࠸࠸࠺ࠋᙼዪࡣࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝࠾ࡅࡿࣇ࢙࣑ࢽࢫࢺ㐠ືࡢⓎᒎࢆẁ㝵ⓗ ㊧࡙ࡅ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࣇ࢙࣑ࢽࢬ࣒ࡣࠕᕷሙࡢእࠖ࠶ࡿࡢၥࢆᢞࡆࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ ᴗ࡛ാࡃዪᛶࡀṔྐⓗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᕷሙάືࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࣇ࢙࣑ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆ⾲᫂ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࢆ♧ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿ13ࠋ ➨㸲ࠊ」ᩘࡢ◊✲㡿ᇦ㛵ಀࡍࡿᛮࢃࢀࡿ◊✲ࡶ࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࠕᾘ㈝⪅ࢹ ࣥࢸࢸࠖࠕ࣐ࢫ࣓ࢹࡼࡿࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮ᾘ㈝⪅ࡢゎ㔘ᡓ␎ࠖࡢ㸰ࡘࡢ◊✲㡿ᇦ 㛵ಀࡍࡿࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࠊ࣐ࢫ࣓ࢹ࠾࠸࡚ᥥࢀࡿᾘ㈝⪅ࡢࣛࣇࢫࢱࣝࡸࢹࣥ ࢸࢸࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊᾘ㈝⪅ࡀࡢࡼ࠺ᛂࡍࡿࡢࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᴗ⦼ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࣒࢟ࢭ࢜ࢵࢡ㸦Kim and Seock㸧ࡣࠊⱝᖺዪᛶࡀ⨾ᐜ〇ရࢆ㉎ධࡍࡿ㝿ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⾜ື ࢆྲྀࡿࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊᾘ㈝⪅ࡢᗣព㆑ࡸ⎔ቃព㆑ࡀ㧗࠸ሙྜࡣࠊᾘ㈝⪅ ࡢ〇ရࡢែᗘࡸ㉎㈙⾜ືࡀࡢࡼ࠺ኚࡍࡿࡢㄪᰝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢹ࣮ࢱࡣࠊ210ྡࡢዪ ᏊᏛ⏕ࡽ㞟ࡉࢀࡓࠋᗣཬࡧ⎔ቃព㆑ࡢ୧᪉࠾࠸࡚㧗࠸ࣞ࣋ࣝ࠶ࡿㄪᰝᑐ㇟⪅ࡣࠊ ⮬↛⨾ᐜ〇ရᑐࡍࡿホ౯ࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿഴྥ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺⤖ᯝ࡞ࡽࠊ࣐ࢫ࣓ࢹࡼࡗ ࡚Ⓨࡏࡽࢀࡿ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡼࡾࡶᗣࡸ⎔ቃᑐࡍࡿᾘ㈝⪅ࡢព㆑ࡢ㧗ࡉࡀ⨾ᐜ〇ရࡢᾘ㈝ ࠾࠸࡚ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ14ࠋ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺ࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞㛵ᚰᇶ࡙ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ⢝ရࡸࣇࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢᾘ㈝࠾࠸࡚ࡶᾘ ㈝ᩥ⌮ㄽࡢ㸲ࡘࡢ◊✲㡿ᇦヱᙜࡍࡿ◊✲ࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡢሙྜࡶࠊ♫ⓗၥ
11 Patterson and Schroeder (2010), p.253. 12 Hopkins (2007), p.287.
13 Scott (2006), p.1.
㢟ࡸᵓ㐀ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⌮ゎࡢ㛵㐃ࢆྲྀࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᾘ㈝ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡋ࡚࠸ࡿⅬ࡛≉ ᚩⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ 㸦㸱㸧7+5(( ࡢࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ␎ ձ ⢝ရࣈࣛࣥࢻࢆࡵࡄࡿ♫⤒῭ⓗ࡞⫼ᬒࡢኚ ๓✏࡛ࡣࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ⓑ᭩ࡸ⤫ィ㈨ᩱࡽ᪥ᮏࡢ♫⤒῭ⓗ࡞㌿ࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊ THREEࡢࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ␎ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆศᯒࡋࡓࠋ᱁ᕪ♫ࡢ≧ἣࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡼࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡇ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛THREEࡢࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ␎ࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞௦ࢆ⫼ᬒᵓ⠏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡢ⡆༢ᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡲࡎࠊᑓᴗ፬ୡᖏᩘඹാࡁୡᖏᩘࡢ᥎⛣15╔┠ࡍࡿࠋ1990ᖺ2000ᖺ࡛ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ ࠊ1990ᖺࡣᑓᴗ፬ୡᖏࡣ897ୡᖏࠊඹാࡁୡᖏࡣ823ୡᖏ࡛ࠊᑓᴗ፬ୡᖏࡢ᪉ࡀ ከࡗࡓࡀࠊ2000ᖺࡣ㏫㌿ࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋඹാࡁୡᖏࡢᩘࡣቑ࠼⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋዪᛶࡢ♫㐍ฟ ࡀ┒ࢇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ぢ᪉ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࡀࠊ⏨ᛶࡢᖹᆒᖺࡀῶᑡഴྥ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ ࠊᚲせ㏕ࡽࢀ࡚ാࡁฟࡿዪᛶࡀቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ぢ᪉ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ⥆ ࠸ ࡚ ࠊ ᡤ ᚓ ࡸ ㈨ ⏘ ࡢ ᱁ ᕪ ࢆ ࡿ ᑻ ᗘ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࢪ ࢽ ಀ ᩘ16ࡢ ᥎ ⛣ ࢆ ぢ ࡿ ࠊ 1992ᖺ ࡣ 0.3703࡛࠶ࡗࡓ➼౯ᙜึᡤᚓࢪࢽಀᩘࡀࠊ2014ᖺࡣ0.4822ࡲ࡛ቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ➼౯ᙜึᡤ ᚓࢪࢽಀᩘࡢ᥎⛣ࡽ⤒῭ⓗ࡞᱁ᕪࡀᣑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊ⌧ᅾࡢ⏕άᑐ ࡍࡿ‶㊊ᗘ17ࡢ᥎⛣ࢆぢࡿࠊ⯆῝࠸ࡇࠊ2000ᖺࡽ2015ᖺࡲ࡛ⱝᖸࡢኚືࡣ࠶ࡿࡶ ࡢࡢࠊࡁ࡞ኚࡣ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ➼౯ᙜึᡤᚓࢪࢽಀᩘࡣ᱁ᕪࡢᣑࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶ ࢃࡽࡎࠊࡑࢀࡽࡣ⏕ά‶㊊ᗘࡣᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ2010ᖺࡽ2015ᖺࡅ࡚ࡣࠊഹ࡛ ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ⏕ά‶㊊ᗘࡢ㧗ࡲࡾࡉ࠼ぢࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢ┦▩┪ࡍࡿᩘ್ࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ♫Ꮫࡢ㡿ᇦ࡛㆟ㄽࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࢆ⤂ ࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋᐑྎ㸦1995㸧ࠕ⤊ࢃࡾ࡞ࡁ᪥ᖖࠖ࠸࠺㆟ㄽࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ1980ᖺ௦ࠊ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ ౯್ほࡀ┦ᑐࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓ࣏ࢫࢺࣔࢲࣥࡢ௦ࡀ฿᮶ࡋࡓࠋ♫⤯ᑐⓗ࡞౯್ほ ࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊேࠎࡣ⮬⏤࡞ࡿࡢྠࠊ⾜ືࡢᣦ㔪ࡶ⮬ᕫࡢ౯್ࢆぢᐃ ࡵࡿᇶ‽ࡶ᭕࡞ࡾࠊ₍↛ࡋࡓᏳࡀᗈࡀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋᐑྎࡣࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ᏻࢆ ᣔ࠸ཤࡿࡓࡵࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡀࠕ⤊ࢃࡾ࡞ࡁ᪥ᖖࠖࢆ⏕ࡁࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣏ࢫ ࢺࣔࢲࣥ௨㝆ࡢ♫࡛ࡣ㠉ࡣ㉳ࡁࡎࠊ⏕άࡀⓗኚࡍࡿࡇࡶ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊࠕ⤊ࢃࡾ ࡞ࡁ᪥ᖖࠖࢆࠕࡲࡗࡓࡾ⏕ࡁࡿࠖࡋ࡞࠸࠸࠺㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢᥦ♧࡛࠶ࡗࡓ18ࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ⃝㸦2011㸧ࡣࠊ⌧௦᪥ᮏࡢⱝ⪅ࡓࡕࡢ⏕ά‶㊊ᗘࡢ㧗ࡉ╔┠ࡋࠊⱝ⪅ࡢከࡃࡀ ࠕࡢ⏕άࡀᖾࡏࡔࠖᅇ⟅ࡍࡿ⌮⏤ࢆࠊࠕᙼࡽࡣᮍࡔከࡃࡢே⏕ࡢ㛫ࡀṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 15 ⥲ົ┬ࠕປാຊㄪᰝࠖཬࡧࠕປാຊㄪᰝ≉ูㄪᰝࠖࡼࡾࠋ 16 ཌ⏕ປാ┬ࠕᡤᚓศ㓄ㄪᰝࠖࡼࡾࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡢࢪࢽಀᩘࡣࠊ➼౯ᙜึᡤᚓࢪࢽಀᩘࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᡤ ᚓࡀศ㓄ࡉࢀࡿ๓ࡢᩘ್࡛࠶ࡿࠋ➼౯ᙜึᡤᚓࢪࢽಀᩘࡣࠊ1992 ᖺ௨㝆୍㈏ࡋ࡚ୖ᪼ഴྥ࠶ࡿࠋ ୍᪉࡛ࠊᡤᚓศ㓄ᚋࡢ➼౯ศ㓄ᡤᚓࢪࢽಀᩘࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ1998 ᖺࢆࣆ࣮ࢡపୗഴྥ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ ➼౯ศ㓄ᡤᚓࢪࢽಀᩘࡀపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࢃࡽࡎ┦ᑐⓗ㈋ᅔ⋡ࡀୖ᪼ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽࠊ㧗ᡤ ᚓᒙపᡤᚓᒙࡢ᱁ᕪࡢᣑࢆᣦࡍࡿពぢࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ 17 ෆ㛶ᗓࠕᅜẸ⏕ά㛵ࡍࡿୡㄽㄪᰝࠖࡼࡾࠋ 18 ᐑྎ㸦1995㸧ࠊ170 ࣮࣌ࢪࠋᐑྎࡣࠕࠗỌஂ㍤ࡁࢆኻࡗࡓୡ⏺࠘ࡢ࡞࡛ࠊࠗᑗ᮶ࢃࡓࡗ࡚㍤ࡃࡇ ࡢ࡞࠸࠶ࡾ࠼࡞࠸⮬ศ࠘ࢆᢪ࠼࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡑࡇࡑࡇ⭉ࡽࡎࠗࡲࡗࡓࡾ࠘⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࠖࡀᚲせ ࡔᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡶࢃࡽࡎࠊࡑࡢṧࡉࢀࡓᑗ᮶ࡢ୰࡛ࠊࡼࡾࡶᖾࡏ࡞ࡿࡣᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡽࠖ19 ࡛࠶ࡿ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ⌧௦ࡢⱝ⪅ࡀ๓ୡ௦ࡢⱝ⪅ࡼࡾᴦࡋࡃ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵᖾࡏ ࡔ⟅࠼࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᑗ᮶ࡢᕼᮃࡀᣢ࡚࡞࠸ࡀࡺ࠼ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᅇ⟅ࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿ ࡢࡔㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᐑྎ⃝ࡢ㆟ㄽࢆᘬ⏝ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࠕࠗ᪥ࡼࡾࡶ᫂᪥ࡀࡼࡃ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࠘ᛮ࠺ࠊேࡣ ࠗࡀᖾࡏ࠘⟅࠼ࡿࠖ20ࡢࡔ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣྂᕷ㸦2011㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⌧௦ࡢⱝ⪅ࡣࠊࠕ ᪥ࡼࡾࡶ᫂᪥ࡀࡼࡃ࡞ࡿࠖಙࡌࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡎࠊ┠ࡢ๓ᗈࡀࡿࠕ⤊ࢃࡾ࡞ࡁ᪥ᖖࠖࢆ㐣 ࡈࡍࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡾᕼᮃࢆ࡞ࡃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ࠸࠺21ࠋ ๓✏࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞௦ࢆ᱁ᕪᐃ╔♫ᐃ⩏࡙ࡅࡓࠋዪᛶࡢ♫㐍ฟࡣ㐍ࢇ࡛ ࠸ࡿࡀࠊປാ㐣⛬࠾ࡅࡿᆅࡀྥୖࡋࡓࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ࠸࠼࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊྛ✀ࡢᣦᶆࡀ♧ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ⤒῭ⓗ᱁ᕪࡣᣑࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡶࢃࡽࡎ♫ⓗኚ㠉ࡢ᪉ྥࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡿࢃ ࡅ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃࠊ᪥ࡶ᫂᪥ࡶྠࡌ᪥ᖖࢆᬽࡽࡍࡋ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡢࡀ⌧௦ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ♫Ꮫ⪅ࡓ ࡕࡢぢ❧࡚࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ๓✏࡛ࡣࠊᰴᘧ♫ACROࡢᐑ㷂⛱❶ྲྀ⥾ᙺᴗ㛤Ⓨ㒊㛗ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗㄪᰝࢆᐇࡋࠊ ࡑࡢࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢆࡶTHREEࡢࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ␎ࡘ࠸࡚ศᯒࡋࡓࠋศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ᫂ࡽ ࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊ2010ᖺ๓ᚋࡢࠕ᱁ᕪࡢᐃ╔ࠖ࠸࠺♫Ṕྐⓗ࡞㌿Ᏻࢆᢪ࠸ࡓᾘ㈝⪅ ᑐࡋࠊᚑ᮶ࡢPOLAࣈࣛࣥࢻࡢ⚄ヰࢆಟṇࡍࡿᙧ࡛ⓏሙࡋࡓࡢࡀTHREE࠸࠺ࣈࣛࣥࢻ࡛࠶ ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ղ 7+5((ࡢ⮬↛࣭ࢽ࣮ࣗࢺࣛࣝ⚄ヰ THREEࡣ࣏࣮࣭ࣛ࢜ࣝࣅࢫ࣮࣍ࣝࢹࣥࢢࢫࡢചୗ࠶ࡿ⫱ᡂࣈࣛࣥࢻ22࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣏࣮࣭ࣛ ࢜ࣝࣅࢫ࣮࣍ࣝࢹࣥࢢࢫࡢᇶᖿࣈࣛࣥࢻ࡛࠶ࡿPOLAࡣࠊఏ⤫ⓗᡞูゼၥࡼࡿ㈍ࢆ ࡋ࡚࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ23ࡀࠊ⫋ᴗࢆᣢࡘዪᛶࡢቑຍࢆཷࡅᴗ⦼ࡀⴠࡕ㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡢࡼ ࠺࡞≧ἣୗ࡛ࠊ2009ᖺࠊⓒ㈌ᗑྥࡅࡢ㈍㊰ࢆ㛤ᣅࡍࡿࡓࡵ᪂ࡓసࡽࢀࡓࣈࣛࣥࢻࡀTHREE ࡛࠶ࡿ24ࠋࣈࣛࣥࢻྡࡣᩘᏐࡢ㸱ࢆពࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢⰋ࠸ࡇࢁࢆྜࢃ ࡏ࡚ࠊࡃ᪂ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍ25࠸࠺ពࡀ㎸ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ〇ရᡓ␎࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⮬ ↛⏤᮶ࡢᡂศ⛉Ꮫࡢຊࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡛ຠᯝࢆ㧗ࡵࡿ〇ရసࡾࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢢ࣮ࣞࢆᇶ ㄪࡋࡓ㠀ᖖࢩࣥࣉࣝ࡞ࣃࢵࢣ࣮ࢪࡀ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢳࣕࢿࣝᡓ␎࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊⓒ㈌ᗑࢆ୰ ᚰᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮾி㟷ᒣⰄᗑࠕTHREE AOYAMAࠖࢆ࣮࢜ࣉࣥࡋ࡚௨㝆ࠊ࣮࣡ࢡ ࢩࣙࢵࣉࡢ㛤ദ࡞ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ࣛࣇࢫࢱࣝࡢᥦࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋTHREE ࡢබᘧ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺ࡛ࡣࠊTHREE AOYAMAࡘ࠸࡚ࠕࠗ⮬↛య࡛⏕ࡁࡿࡇࡇࡑ⨾ࡋ࠸࠘ 19 ⃝㸦2011㸧ࠊ124 ࣮࣌ࢪࠋ 20 ྂᕷ㸦2011㸧ࠊ103-104 ࣮࣌ࢪࠋ 21 ᐑྎ㸦2014㸧ࡶࡲࡓࠊࠕ⤊ࢃࡾ࡞ࡁ᪥ᖖࠖࡣ࡛ࡶ࡞࠾⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 22 ࣏࣮࣭ࣛ࢜ࣝࣅࢫ࣮࣍ࣝࢹࣥࢢࢫබᘧ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺࡼࡾࠋ 23 POLA ࡢṔྐࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⏣㸦2006㸧ࡀヲࡋ࠸ࠋ 24 ᮾὒ⤒῭࢜ࣥࣛࣥ㸦2016 ᖺ㸱᭶ 23 ᪥㸧ࡼࡾࠋ 25 THREE බᘧ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺࡣࠊࠕ⮬↛ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࠋឤᛶࠊ࢚ࣅࢹࣥࢫࠋ୍ேࡦࡾࡢಶᛶࠊ ௦ࢆ♧ࡍ࣮ࣔࢻࠋ┦ࡍࡿࠗ2 ࡘࡢ౯್࠘ࢆᕪࡉࡏ࡚⏕ࡲࢀࡿࡲ࡛࡞࠸ࠗ➨ 3 ࡢ౯್࠘ࢆࠊ ୖ㉁࡞᪥ᖖྥࡅ࡚Ⓨಙࡋࡲࡍࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ
࠸࠺THREEࡢࣇࣟࢯࣇ࣮ࢆࠊయឤࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚࠾ᒆࡅࡍࡿࣇࣛࢵࢢࢩࢵࣉࢩࣙࢵࣉࠖ26ࠊ ࠕ୍᪥ࡢࡣࡌࡲࡾࡽᚰ࣭ࡽࡔ࣭⫙ࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆࢽ࣮ࣗࢺࣛࣝᩚ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠖ27 ⤂ࡋࠊࣈࣛࣥࢻࡢせ⣲࡛࠶ࡿࠕ⮬↛ࠖࡸࠕࢽ࣮ࣗࢺࣛࣝࠖࢆ༳㇟࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ๓✏࡛ࡣࠊPOLAࡽTHREEࡢࣈࣛࣥࢻࡢ㌿ࡀ࠸࡞ࡉࢀࡓࡢศᯒࢆヨࡳࡓࠋᅗ ⾲㸰ࡣࠊPOLAࡽTHREEࣈࣛࣥࢻࡢ⚄ヰࡀࡢࡼ࠺ಟṇࡉࢀࡓࡢࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ THREEࡀⓎࡉࢀࡿ௨๓ࡢ2000ᖺ௦๓༙ࡲ࡛ࡢPOLAࡢ⚄ヰࡣࠊ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࢆ⫼ᬒࡋࡓ⛉ Ꮫ࣭ࡺࡓࡉᚿྥ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋPOLAࡣ⛉Ꮫࡢຊ࡛ࣈࣛࣥࢻࢆᢲࡋୖࡆ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊゼၥ㈍ ࠸࠺㈍᪉ἲࡣࠊᑓᴗ፬ࡸࣃ࣮ࢺࢱ࣒ປാ⪅ࢆ๓ᥦࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋዪᛶࡢ⏕ άࡢ୰ᚰࡣᐙᗞ࠶ࡿዪᛶࡢࣛࣇࢫࢱࣝࡢㄞࡳྲྀࡾࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠸ࠊ⏕άࡺࡾࡢ࠶ࡿ ẚ㍑ⓗࡺࡓ࡞㢳ᐈᒙᨭᣢࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋPOLAࡢࡇࡢ⛉Ꮫ࣭ࡺࡓࡉᚿྥࡢ⚄ヰࢆಟṇࡋ ࡓࡢࡀTHREE࡛࠶ࡿࠋTHREEࡣPOLAࡢࠕ⛉Ꮫࠖࡸࠕୖ㉁ࠖࠊࡑࡋ࡚୰ᚰⓗ࡞㢳ᐈࡀࠕዪ ᛶ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡗࡓせ⣲ࢆᘬࡁ⥅࠸࡛࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡛࠸࡚THREEࡣࠊ⤒῭ࡀࡋࠊ᱁ᕪࡀᐃ ╔ࡋࠊேࠎࡀࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ࣛࣇࢫࢱࣝࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿ2010ᖺ௦ࠊ⮬↛࣭ࢽ࣮ࣗࢺࣛࣝ⚄ヰࢆ ᵓ⠏ࡋࡓࠋ THREEࡀᙉㄪࡍࡿࠕ⮬↛ࠖࡣయඃࡋ࠸⮬↛ᚿྥࢆ㔜どࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇྠࠊࡍ ࡚ࡢࣛࣇࢫࢱࣝᑐࡋ࡚ࢽ࣮ࣗࢺࣛࣝ࡞≧ែ࡛࠸ࡿࡇࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࢧࢥࢢࣛࣇࢵࢡࢹࣔࢢࣛࣇࢵࢡࢆࡅྜࢃࡏ࡚ࢭࢢ࣓ࣥࢺࢆᅗࡾࠊᚑ᮶ࡢ࣐࣮ࢣ ࢸࣥࢢᡓ␎ࡣ࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡀࠊTHREEࡣࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞⪃࠼᪉ࢆྲྀࡽ࡞࠸࠸࠺㊃᪨ࡢ Ⓨゝࢆᐑ㷂Ặࡣࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕ࢚ࢪࣞࢫ࡛ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲࣞࢫࠊ⏨ዪࡢ༊ูࡶ࠶ࡲࡾࡍࡿẼࡣ࡞࠸ࠖ ᐑ㷂Ặࡀࣥࢱࣅ࣮࡛ࣗㄒࡗࡓࡼ࠺ࠊTHREEࡣ᪤Ꮡࡢᕷሙ⣽ศࡣ␗࡞ࡿࡸࡾ᪉࡛ ࣐࣮ࢣࢸࣥࢢࢆヨࡳ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᛶูࡸᖺ㱋ࠊ⤒῭ⓗ࡞ᣦᶆ࡛༊ษࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡴࡋࢁࡉࡲ ࡊࡲ࡞ࣛࣇࢫࢱࣝࡢேࠎࢆཷࡅධࢀࡿࡇࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊ⌧௦ࢆ ⏕ࡁࡿேࠎࡢᥗࡳࡇࢁࡢ࡞࠸ࣛࣇࢫࢱࣝᑐᛂࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊTHREEࡣᾘ㈝⪅ࡽࡢ ᨭᣢࢆ⋓ᚓࡋࡓࠋ 26 THREE AOYAMA බᘧ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺࡼࡾࠋ 27 ྠୖࠋ
ᅗ⾲㸰 THREEࡼࡿ⚄ヰࡢಟṇ 㸦ฟᡤ㸧࣍ࣝࢺ㸦2005㸧ࢆཧ⪃➹⪅సᡂࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ๓✏࡛ࡣᐑ㷂ẶࡢⓎゝࢆࡣࡌࡵࡍࡿTHREE㛵ࡍࡿ㈨ᩱࢆゎ㔘ࡍࡿࡇ ࡛ࠊTHREEࡢࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ␎ࡀᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿせᅉࡀࠕ⮬↛࣭ࢽ࣮ࣗࢺࣛࣝ⚄ヰࠖ࠶ࡿ⤖ㄽ ࡙ࡅࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊᐇ㝿ࡢࡇࢁTHREEࡢࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ␎ࢆᾘ㈝⪅ࡀࡢࡼ࠺ཷࡅࡵࠊ⮬ࡽ ࡢࢹࣥࢸࢸᙧᡂᙺ❧࡚࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡲ࡛ࡣ⮳ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋᮏ✏࡛ ࡣࠊTHREEࡢ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣛࣇࢫࢱ࡛ࣝࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞౯್ほࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ ࠊࡑࡋ࡚THREE࠸࠺ࣈࣛࣥࢻࢆࡢࡼ࠺ཷࡅධࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ
㸰㸬ᮏㄪᰝࡢᡭἲ
㸦㸯㸧ᑐ㠃ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ࢜ࣥࣛࣥࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ ᐃᛶㄪᰝࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᾘ㈝◊✲ࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞◊✲⪅ࡢ㸯ே࡛࠶ࡿ࣋ࣝࢡ㸦Belk㸧ࡣࠊࠕᐃᛶㄪᰝ ࡣࠊᾘ㈝⪅ࡸᕷሙࡀࡢࡼ࠺ືࡃࠊ࡞ࡐࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ືࡁࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࡘ࠸࡚⊂⮬ࡢどゅ ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࠖ28㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋᐃᛶㄪᰝࡣᐃ㔞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆศᯒᑐ㇟ࡍࡿ࠸ ࠺≉ᚩࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ㞟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢥࣥࢸࢡࢫࢺぢࡽࢀࡿᩥࡸ♫ࠊไᗘࠊ ே㛫㛵ಀ࡞ࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢࡇࢁᾘ㈝ᩥ⌮ㄽࡣࠊᾘ㈝◊✲࠾ࡅࡿᐃᛶㄪᰝࡢ ᑟධࢆຊᙉࡃ㐍ࡵ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗㄪᰝࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡣࠊᐃᛶㄪᰝ࡛ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ㞟 ࡢ᰾ᚰࢆ࡞ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࡣ␗࡞ࡿ29ࠋࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ㉁ၥࢆࣜࢫࢺ 28 ࣋ࣝࢡ㸦2016㸧ࠊ㸵࣮࣌ࢪࠋ 29 ྠୖࠊ55-56 ࣮࣌ࢪࠋࡋࡓ⏝⣬ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡀࠊࣥࢱࣅ࣮࡛ࣗࡣࣉࣟࢺࢥࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ࣋ࣝࢡࡣㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣉ ࣟࢺࢥࣝࡣࠊ㉁ၥࡢࣜࢫࢺ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃヰ㢟ࡢࣜࢫࢺࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋලయⓗ࡞㉁ၥࢆỴࡵ࡚ ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊヰࡢࡼ࠺㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᐃᛶㄪᰝࢆࡣ ࡌࡵࡋࡓ㉁ⓗ◊✲ࡣࠊ㎸ࡳධࡗࡓࢹࢸ࣮ࣝࡼࡾከࡃࡢ㛵ᚰࡀ࠶ࡾ30ࠊࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡢ ࢧࣥࣉࣝᩘ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡢෆᐜࡽㄞࡳゎࡃࡇࡢ࡛ࡁࡿࣉࣟࢭࢫࡸࢥࣥࢸࢡࢫ ࢺࢆ㔜どࡍࡿࠋ ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ◊✲ࠊࢢ࣮ࣜࣥࢥࣥࢩ࣮࣐࣮ࣗࡢ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾㄪᰝࡀ࠶ࡿ31ࠋ㏆ ᖺࠊ⎔ቃၥ㢟ᑐฎࡍࡿ㝿ࠊᾘ㈝⪅ࡀ⮬ࡽࡢᾘ㈝ࢆ㐺ษࡍࡿࡇࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇ ࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࣝࣛࣥࢻࡢ㒔ᕷ㒊࠾࠸࡚81ྡࡢࢢ࣮ࣜࣥࢥࣥࢩ࣮࣐࣮ࣗࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ ࢆᐇࡋࠊࢢ࣮ࣜࣥࢥࣥࢩ࣮࣐࣮ࣗࡢᬽࡽࡋࡢᐇែࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓࠋࢢ࣮ࣜࣥᾘ㈝ࢆᐇࡍࡿࡓ ࡵࡣከࡃࡢ㛫ᗈ࠸✵㛫ࢆᚲせࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊៃࡓࡔࡋ࠸⏕άࢆ㏦ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿேࠎࡣᐇ㊶ ࡍࡿࡇࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊࣇ࢙ࢺ࣮ࣞࢻ࡞࡛ࡶᑟධࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࣛ࣋ࣝ ไᗘࡀᾘ㈝⪅ࡢࢢ࣮ࣜࣥᾘ㈝ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡢᙺ❧ࡘ⤖ㄽ࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊᑐ㠃ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗඹ࢜ࣥࣛࣥࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡢᡭἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ ࡛ࡢࢳࣕࢵࢺࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡣ⾲㠃ⓗ࡞┦స⏝ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍഴྥ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ㡢ኌᫎീࢆక࠺ ࣅࢹ࢜㏻ヰ࡛ࡢヰࡣ౯್ࡢ࠶ࡿෆᐜࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋᚓࡿࡉࢀࡿ32ࠋࡲࡓࠊ࢜ࣥࣛࣥࣥࢱ ࣅ࣮ࣗࡣ㡢ኌᫎീࢆ⡆༢グ㘓࡛ࡁࡿⅬࡶ㛗ᡤࡋ࡚ᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊ࢜ࣥࣛࣥ ࣥࢱࣅ࣮࡛ࣗࡣㄪᰝᑐ㇟⪅ࡀ⮬Ꮿ࡛ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢆཷࡅࡿࡇࡀከࡃࠊㄪᰝᑐ㇟⪅ࡀࣜࣛࢵ ࢡࢫࡋࡸࡍ࠸⎔ቃ࡛ヰࢆ⪺ࡃࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ࢟ࣅࢵࢶ㸦Kivits㸧ࡣࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞࢜ࣥࣛࣥࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡢࡸࡾ᪉ࡘ࠸࡚ᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋSkype33ࡢࣅࢹ࢜㏻ヰᶵ⬟ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡸ㟁Ꮚ࣓࣮ࣝࡼࡿࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ࡞ࠊ ㏻ᖖࡢᑐ㠃ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗẚ㍑ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡑࢀࡽࡢ㛗ᡤ▷ᡤࢆ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸦㸰㸧ㄪᰝᴫせ ᮏ◊✲࠾ࡅࡿࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡣࠊᑐ㠃ᙧᘧࡢࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࠊLINE34Skypeࡢ㏻ヰᶵ⬟ ࢆ⏝ࡋࡓ࢜ࣥࣛࣥࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ࠸࠺㸰ࡘࡢᙧᘧ࡛ᐇࡋࡓࠋᐇᮇ㛫ࡣ2018ᖺ㸱ࠥ㸷 ᭶࡛࠶ࡾࠊㄪᰝᑐ㇟⪅ࡣࠊࠕࣛࣇࢫࢱࣝࠖࠊࠕࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮つ⠊ࠖࠊ୪ࡧࠕTHREEࡢ ࣓࣮ࢪࠖࡢ㸱㡯┠ࡘ࠸࡚ࡑࢀࡒࢀ⮬⏤ㄒࡗ࡚ࡶࡽࡗࡓࠋ ᑐ㠃ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡢᑐ㇟⪅ࡣࠊ▱ேࡢ୰ࡽࠕTHREE〇ရࡢ⏝⤒㦂ࡀ࠶ࡿ⪅ࠖࢆᇶ‽ ࡋ࡚㸱ྡ㑅ࡧฟࡋࡓࠋ2018ᖺ㸱᭶㸷᭶ᮾி࡛ࠊ2018ᖺ㸷᭶⇃ᮏ࠾࠸࡚ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠸ヰࢆ⪺࠸ࡓࠋ 30 ࣉࣛࢧࢻ㸦2018㸧ࠊ㸴࣮࣌ࢪࠋ
31 William, Kumju, Seonaidh and Caroline (2009). 32 ࣋ࣝࢡ㸦2016㸧ࠊ186 ࣮࣌ࢪࠋ
33 ࢳࣕࢵࢺᶵ⬟㏻ヰᶵ⬟ࢆᣢࡘࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡛ࠊࣅࢹ࢜㏻ヰࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࢜ࣥࣛࣥࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡢᑐ㇟⪅ࡣࠊSNS35ࢆ⏝࠸࡚THREE〇ရࡢ⏝⤒㦂ࡀ࠶ࡿ࢝࢘ ࣥࢺࢆ㑅ࢇࡔࠋ37ྡ༠ຊ౫㢗ࡢ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆ㏦ಙࡋࠊ㸳ྡࡽ༠ຊࢆᚓࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ ⤖ᯝⓗࠊᑐ㠃ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ㸱ྡࠊ࢜ࣥࣛࣥࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ㸳ྡࡢィ㸶ྡࡼࡾヰࢆ⪺ࡃࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋᅗ⾲㸱࡛ࡣࠊಶேሗಖㆤࡢࡓࡵྡ๓ࡣ௬ྡ⨨ࡁ࠼ࡓୖ࡛ࠊㄪᰝᑐ㇟⪅ࡢ ᒓᛶሗ࡞ࢆᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᅗ⾲㸱 ㄪᰝᑐ㇟⪅ࡢ୍ぴ 㸦ฟᡤ㸧➹⪅సᡂࠋ ḟ❶࡛ࡣࠊࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࣐ࢽࣥࢢࢶ࣮ࣝࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚‽ഛⓗ࡞సᴗࢆࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓゝㄝࢆゎㄞࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ 㸦㸱㸧7+5(( ࡢ⮬↛࣭ࢽ࣮ࣗࢺࣛࣝ⚄ヰࡢཷᐜ ձ ゎ᫂ࡉࢀࡿࡁㄢ㢟 ๓✏࡛ࡣࠊ♫Ṕྐⓗ࡞㌿Ⅼࢆྛ✀ࡢ⤒῭ⓗᣦᶆࡽㄞࡳྲྀࡾࠊࡉࡽᰴᘧ♫ACRO ᑐࡍࡿࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ⤖ᯝࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊTHREEࡀࠕ⮬↛࣭ࢽ࣮ࣗࢺࣛࣝࠖ⚄ヰࢆᒎ㛤 ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࠕ⮬↛࣭ࢽ࣮ࣗࢺࣛࣝࠖ⚄ヰࡣࠊ᱁ᕪᐃ╔ࡢ௦ࢆ⫼ᬒ సࡾฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ࡀࡢࡼ࠺ࠕ⮬↛࣭ࢽ࣮ࣗࢺࣛࣝࠖ⚄ヰࢆཷࡅ ධࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࡇ࡛ゎ᫂ࡉࢀࡿࡁㄢ㢟ࢆ㸲ࡘᣲࡆ࡚࠾ࡃࡇࡍࡿࠋㄢ 㢟ࡀ᱁ᕪᐃ╔ࡢ௦≧ἣࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚タᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽࠊTHREEࡢ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮≉᭷ࡢ ≉ᚩࢆᥗࡳฟࡍྠࠊ⌧௦ࡢᾘ㈝ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡇࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ ࡿࠋ ➨㸯ࠊࣛࣇࢫࢱࣝࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇࡍࡿࠋTHREEࡢ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ࡣᖺ㱋ࡸᛶ ูࡢᯟࢆ㉸࠼࡚ከᵝ࡞ேࠎࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࠊࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࡢᖜࢆ⊃ࡵ࡞࠸ࢽ࣮ࣗࢺࣛࣝ࡞ࣈࣛࣥ ࢻᡓ␎ࡀᨭᣢࡉࢀᖜᗈ࠸ᒙ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ࡀ࠸ࡿࡉࢀࡿࠋᰴᘧ♫ACROࡢᐑ㷂Ặࡣࠊࠕࢹࣔ
35 ࢯ࣮ࢩࣕࣝࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡࢟ࣥࢢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࠋඛ㏙ࡋࡓ LINE ຍ࠼ࠊFacebook ࡸ Instagram ࡞ࡀ௦⾲
ⓗ࡞ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡋ࡚ᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋᅇࡣࠊInstagram ࡞ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊTHREE 〇ရࡢ⏝⤒㦂ࡀ࠶ࡿ ⪅ࢆ᥈ࡋฟࡋ༠ຊࢆ౫㢗ࡋࡓࠋ
ࢢࣛࣇࢵࢡⓗ࡞༊ษࡾ᪉ࡣࡋ࡞࠸ࠖࠊࠕᖺ㱋ࡸᛶู࡛༊ูࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡃࠊୡ⏺୰ࡢ⪽᫂࡞ ேࠎࢆࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࣥࢱࣅ࣮࡛ࣗㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢺࣛࣝ࡞ࣛ ࣇࢫࢱࣝࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠺ࡀㄢ㢟࡞ࡿࠋ ➨㸰ࠊᾘ㈝⪅ࢹࣥࢸࢸࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࠋ⢝ရࡢ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ࡢ౯್ほࡣࠊࡘ࡚ ࡢᑓᴗ፬ᚿྥࡽ㌿ࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࠊከࡃࡢዪᛶࡀ⫋ᴗࢆᣢࡘࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋ♫ฟ࡚ ാࡃዪᛶࡓࡕࡣࠊ࠸ࡃࡘࡶࡢᾘ㈝⪅ࢹࣥࢸࢸࢆᣢࡕࠊ༢୍ࡢ౯್ほ࡛ࡣ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸」㞧࡞᪥ᖖ⏕άࢆ㐣ࡈࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᰴᘧ♫ACROᑐࡍࡿࣥࢱࣅ࣮࡛ࣗࡣࠊ ࠕయඃࡋ࠸ࡶࡢࡀ࠸࠸ࡗ࡚࠸࠺ᙜ↛ࡢḧồࡀ࠶ࡿᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ࠸ࡗ࡚┿㠃┠ࠊ ୍ษࡢࡑ࠺࠸࠺㐟ࡧࢆᢤ࠸࡚ᬽࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࡣᛮࡗ࡚࠸࡞ࡃ࡚ࠋ୍᪉࡛ࡣࠊࡓࡲࡣࣁ ࣓ࢆእࡋ࡚ࠊ╔㣭ࡗ࡚ࠊ⮬ศࡢẼศࢆኚ࠼࡚ࡗ࡚࠸࠺ࡇࡶࡸࡾࡓ࠸ࠋࡑࡢ୧᪉ࡀྠࡌே ࡢ୰࠶ࡿࡢࡀ⮬↛࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠸࠺ࡢࡀTHREEࡢ⪃࠼᪉࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࠖㄒࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀ ࡗ࡚ࠊTHREEࡢ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ࡣ」ᩘࡢࢹࣥࢸࢸࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ࠸࠺࠸ࢃࡤ࣏ࢫࢺࣔࢲࣥࡢ ௦ࡢᾘ㈝⪅ࡋ࡚ࡢ≉ᛶࢆ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿ࠺ࡀ㘽࡞ࡿ࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ ➨㸱ࡢㄢ㢟ࡣࠊᕷሙᩥࡢᙧᡂࡘ࠸࡚☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋTHREEࡢ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ࡣࠊ⊂⮬ ࡢᕷሙᩥࢆᙧᡂࡋࠊࡑࡢ⊂⮬ᛶࢆឡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡃࠋᾘ㈝⪅ࡣࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᕷሙᩥ ࢆసࡾฟࡍࠋ࠼ࡤࠊᾘ㈝⪅THREEࢫࢱࢵࣇࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡑࡢ⊂⮬ᛶࡀ⾲ࢀ ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡼࡾලయⓗࡣࠊⰄᗑTHREE AOYAMA࡞࠾ࡅࡿᕷሙᩥࡢᙧᡂ ࡘ࠸࡚☜ㄆࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ➨㸲ࡢㄢ㢟ࡣࠊTHREEࡼࡿሗⓎಙࡣࠊᾘ㈝⪅ࡼࡗ࡚ࡢࡼ࠺ཷࡅࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡢ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋTHREEࡣࠊࣈࣛࣥࢻࡢ᰾࡛࠶ࡿࠕ⮬↛ࠖຍ࠼ࠊPOLAࡽཷࡅ ⥅࠸ࡔࣈࣛࣥࢻࡢ≉ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠕ⛉Ꮫࠖࡸࠕୖ㉁ࠖࢆࣈࣛࣥࢻࡢᰕ⨨࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋTHREE ࡢ❧࡚ࡓ⛉Ꮫࡸୖ㉁ࡉࢆ㔜どࡍࡿᡓ␎ᾘ㈝⪅ࡀࡢࡼ࠺ᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢゎ㔘ࢆ☜ㄆࡋ ࡓ࠸ࠋ 㸦㸰㸧ゝㄝࡢゎㄞ ᅗ⾲㸲ࡣࠊࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࣐ࢽࣥࢢࢶ࣮ࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡢࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ36࠾࠸࡚㢖ฟ ࡍࡿྡモࢆࣛࣥ࢟ࣥࢢᙧᘧ࡛ᩚ⌮ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㢖ฟࡍࡿྡモࡣࠊᾘ㈝⪅ࡀ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋㄒࡗ ࡚࠸ࡿ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻࡢ୰ࡽࠊゎ᫂ࡉࢀࡿࡁㄢ㢟ᇶ ࡙࠸࡚ࠊࠕᑓᴗ፬ࠖࠊࠕ࣓ࢡࠖࠊࠕᏊࡶࠖࠊࠕࢼࢳࣗࣛࣝࠖࠊࠕࢩࣥࣉࣝࠖࠊࠕ⤖፧ࠖࠊ ࠕࠖࠊࠕᏳࠖ࠸ࡗࡓㄒ≉╔┠ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗཎ✏ࡢศᯒࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ㉁ၥ⪅ࡢⓎゝࢆ㝖ࡁࠊᅇ⟅⪅ࡢⓎゝࡢࡳࡢࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡍࡿฎ⌮ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
ᅗ⾲㸲 㢖ฟࡍࡿྡモࣛࣥ࢟ࣥࢢ㸦㸯ࠥ50㸧 㸦ฟᡤ㸧ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࣐ࢽࣥࢢࢶ࣮ࣝ㸦User Local㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚➹⪅సᡂࠋ ձ ࢽ࣮ࣗࢺࣛࣝ࡞ࣛࣇࢫࢱࣝ 17ṓࡢBࡉࢇࡣࠊయࢆືࡍࡢࡀዲࡁࡔㄒࡗࡓࠋ41ṓࡢCࡉࢇࡣࠊኟ┠ₙ▼ࡸྖ㤿㑈ኴ㑻 ࢆዲࡁ࡞సᐙᣲࡆࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊㄪᰝᑐ㇟⪅ࡢ୰ࡣࠊ⫋ሙ࡛ࡣ⏨ᛶࡢ᱁ዲࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ⤊ᴗ ᚋࡣ࣓ࢡࢆࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࠕ࣓ࢡ⏨Ꮚࠖࡶྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᐇከࡃࡢࠕࢱࣉࠖࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋ ࡉࡽὀ┠ࡉࢀࡿࡁⅬࡣࠊㄪᰝᑐ㇟⪅ࡢ⤖፧ほࡢከᵝࡉ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⤖፧⤖፧ᚋࡢാࡁ᪉ ࡘ࠸࡚㉁ၥࢆࡍࡿࠊ᪩ࡃ⤖፧ࡋ࡚᪩ࡃᏊࡶࢆᣢࡕࡓ࠸࠸࠺ᑓᴗ፬ᚿྥ࡞Ⓨゝࡶ࠶ ࢀࡤࠊ⤖፧ࡋࡓ࠸࠸࠺Ẽᣢࡕ⮬యࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠸࠺Ⓨゝࡶ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ⤖፧ࡋ࡚Ꮚ⫱ ࡚ࢆࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ࢟ࣕࣜᙧᡂࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ⪃࠼ࡿ࠸࠺Ⓨゝࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋゼၥ㈍ࢆ୰ᚰᡂ㛗ࡋ ࡚ࡁࡓPOLAࡀࠊᑓᴗ፬ࢆࡓࡿ㢳ᐈ࡛࠶ࡿ๓ᥦࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡽ⪃࠼ࡿࠊTHREEࡢ 㢳ᐈࡢከᵝᛶࡣ⌧௦ࡢዪᛶࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃ♫≧ἣࡽࡢᙳ㡪ࢆᙉࡃཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡲࡓࠊㄪᰝᑐ㇟⪅ࡣࠕᴦほ⩏ࠖࡸࠕ࣏ࢪࢸࣈࠖ࡞ࡢࡇࡤࢆ࠸࡞ࡀࡽࠊᏳࢆᢪ ࠼ࡘࡘࡶ⌧≧‶㊊ࡋ࡚⏕άࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᵝᏊࢆㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ๓㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺⃝ࡣࠊࠕࠗ᪥ࡼ ࡾࡶ᫂᪥ࡀࡼࡃ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࠘ᛮ࠺ࠊேࡣࠗࡀᖾࡏ࠘⟅࠼ࡿࠖࡢࡔ㏙ࡓࠋㄪᰝᑐ㇟ ⪅ࡣࠕᏳࠖࠕᖾࡏࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ᫂☜㏙ࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋㄪᰝᑐ㇟⪅ࡣࠊ᱁ᕪᐃ╔♫ ࡢ୰࡛ࠊᑗ᮶ᑐࡍࡿ᫂☜࡞ᒎᮃࢆᥥࡃࡇࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ┠ࡢ๓ࡢ᪥ᖖࢆ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠼ࡿ
ࡢࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡽ࠼ࡇࢁࡀ࡞ࡃࠊ᪉ྥᛶࡀぢฟࡏ࡞࠸ᬽࡽࡋ࠸࠺ព࡛ࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢺ ࣛࣝ࡞ࣛࣇࢫࢱࣝ࠸࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ Bࡉࢇ ㉁ၥ㸸࠾ⱝ࠸࡛ࡍࡼࡡ㸽 ᅇ⟅㸸17࡛ࡍࠋ ㉁ၥ㸸17ṓ࡛ࡑࡢព㆑ࡢ㧗ࡉ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍ㸽 ᅇ⟅㸸ព㆑ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡢࡣẼࡋ࡚࡞࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࠋࠕ࠶ࠊ➽ࢺࣞࡋࡓ࠸࡞ࠖࡗ࡚ ࡞ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࠋ Cࡉࢇ ㉁ၥ㸸ዲࡁ࡞సᐙࡣ࠸ࡲࡍ㸽 ᅇ⟅㸸⤖ᵓ࣐ࢽࢵࢡ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ⌧௦ࡢேࡣ࠶ࡲࡾㄞࡲ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊᩥࡢேࡀዲࡁ࡛ࡍࠋ ᐙ᪘ࡣࡕࡻࡗᘬ࠸࡚ࡲࡍࡡࠋࣁ࣐ࡗࡓࡽࡎࡗኟ┠ₙ▼ࢆㄞࢇࡔࡾࠋࡗࡘ ࡁࡸࡍ࠸ࡇࢁࡔᒣᓮ㇏Ꮚࡉࢇࡸྖ㤿㑈ኴ㑻ࡉࢇࡶㄞࡳࡲࡍࡡࠋ Eࡉࢇ ᅇ⟅㸸㢦ࡔࡅࠊ࣓ࢡ⏨Ꮚࡗ࡚࠸࠺ࢸ࣮࣐࡛ࠋ ㉁ၥ㸸㧥ᆺࡣ࣓ࣥࢬࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ㸽 ᅇ⟅㸸࣓ࣥࢬࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࠋ⢝ࡔࡅࡤࡗࡕࡾࡘࡅࡲࡘࡆࡋ࡚ࠋࣜࢵࣉࡶࠊ࣐ࢵࢺࡢࡍࡈ ࠸⃰࠸ࣜࢵࣉࡘࡅ࡚ࠋ᭱㏆ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺࣓ࢡ⏨Ꮚࡶὶ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡿࡢ࡛ࠋᾏእ࡛ࠋ Dࡉࢇ ㉁ၥ㸸ᑓᴗ፬࡞ࡾࡓ࠸࡛ࡍ㸽 ᅇ⟅㸸࡞ࡾࡓ࠸࡛ࡍࡡࠋ࡞ࢀࡿ࡞ࡽࠋ 㸦୰␎㸧 ㉁ၥ㸸యఱṓࡄࡽ࠸ࡲ࡛⤖፧ࡋ࡚ࠊᏊࡶࡣఱṓࡄࡽ࠸ࡲ࡛ᣢࡕࡓ࠸ࡗ࡚࠸࠺ ࡢࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ㸽 ᅇ⟅㸸⌮ࡣࡍࡄ࡛ࡶ࠸࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࠋࡍࡄ⤖፧ࡋ࡚ࠊ26ࡄࡽ࠸࡛࣐࣐ࠋ⌮ⓗ ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࠋ28ࡲ࡛Ꮚࡶࡀ࠸ࢀࡤࠊാࡃዪᛶࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ⌧ᐇⓗ࡛⌮ⓗ ࡞ࡢ࡞ࡗ࡚ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋዪᛶࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡿ࡞ࡽ࡛ࡶ↛ࠊࡴࡋࢁ㐜࠸ࡄࡽ࠸ ࡞ࠋ Fࡉࢇ ㉁ၥ㸸⤖፧ࡣࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ㸽 ᅇ⟅㸸ࡑࢀࡶ≉ࡋࡓ࠸ࡗ࡚࠸࠺ࡢࡣ࡞࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࠋ⤯ᑐࡋࡓࡃ࡞࠸ࡗ࡚ࢃࡅ࡛ࡶ࡞ ࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࠊูࡋࡓ࠸ࡗ࡚ᛮࡗࡓࡇࡶ࡞࠸ࡗ࡚ឤࡌ࡛ࡍࠋ Hࡉࢇ ㉁ၥ㸸ാࡃࡗ࡚ఱ࡛ࡍࡗ࡚⪺ࢀࡓࡽ࠺⟅࠼ࡲࡍ㸽
ᅇ⟅㸸⮬ᕫᐇ⌧ࡢᡭẁࡢ㸯ࡘ࡞ࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ⏕άࡢࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡣኚࢃࡾ࡞࠸ࢇ࡛ ࡍࡅࠋዪᛶࡣࢆࡍࡿࢇࡔࡗࡓࡽࡇ࠺࡞ࡾࡓ࠸ࠊ⮬ศ࡛㌟ࢆ❧࡚ࡿ ࠸࠺⤒῭ⓗ⮬❧ࡋࡓ࠸࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࠺ࡢࡀࡁࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࠊබົဨࢆ㑅ࢇࡔࢃ ࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠋ⌧ᐇࡣࠊ࢟ࣕࣜࡼࡾᏊ⫱࡚ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ࠺ࡸࡗ࡚ാ࠸࡚࠸ࡃࡗ࡚ ࠸࠺ࡇࢁࡀᝎࡲࡋࡃ࡚ࠋᏊࡶࡀⴠࡕ╔࠸ࡓࡽ⮬ศࡢࡇ⪃࠼࡚ࠕฟୡࡍࡿ ࡒࠖࡌࡷ࡞࠸࡛ࡍࡅࠋಶࠎࡢࠊ⮬ศࡢᢸᙜࡋ࡚ࡿࢆ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡇ࠺࡞ ࡗ࡚࡞ࢀࡤ࠸࠸࡞ࠋ ㉁ၥ㸸ฟୡḧࡣ࠶ࡿ᪉࡛ࡍ㸽 ᅇ⟅㸸᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡓࡣࠕࣚࢵࢩࣕㄢ㛗࡞ࡿࡒ㸟ࠖࡄࡽ࠸ࡣᛮࡗ࡚ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࠋ㸦୰ ␎㸧᪂ேࡢ㡭ࡢໃ࠸ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡍࠋ⌧ᐇぢ࡚ࡿዪᛶࡢ⟶⌮⫋ࡣࡲࡔࡲࡔᑡ ࡞࠸࡛ࡍࠋ Aࡉࢇ ㉁ၥ㸸ᑗ᮶Ᏻࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ㸽 ᅇ⟅㸸Ᏻࡣ࡞ࡃࡣ࡞࠸ࡅࠊᴦほ⩏ࡔࡽࠊࡲ࠶࡞ࢇ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࡗ࡚Ẽᣢࡕ ࡛࠸ࡿࠋᴦࡋࡳ࡞ࠋ Cࡉࢇ ㉁ၥ㸸ᑗ᮶Ᏻࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ㸽 ᅇ⟅㸸࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ᛮ⪃࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࢇࡲࡾᏳࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠋ⮬ศࡢࡶᬑ㏻⪃࠼࡚࠸ ࡗࡓࡽඛ⣽ࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࠊࡃࡑ࠺࠸࠺㢼ᛮࡗ࡚ ࠸࡞ࡃ࡚ࠋࡢ⮬ศ‶㊊ࡍࡿࢇࡌࡷ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ࠸ࡘࡶክࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡑࢀྥࡗ ࡚ດຊࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࢱࣉ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠋ࠸ࡘࡶ࣡ࢡ࣡ࢡࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࡇ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡽᅔࡿ࡞ ࡗ࡚⪃࠼ࡿࡇࡣ⁛ከ࡞࠸࡛ࡍࡡࠋ Gࡉࢇ ㉁ၥ㸸ᑗ᮶Ᏻࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ㸽 ᅇ⟅㸸ࡣࡑࢇ࡞ࠋⱝᖸࡢᏳࠋࡇࡢࡲࡲ10ᖺ㛫ྠࡌ⏕άࢆࡋ࡚ࡓࡽࡕࡻࡗᏳࠋ ղ ࣈࣜࢥ࣮ࣛࢪ࣭ࣗࢹࣥࢸࢸ ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ࠾࠸࡚༳㇟ⓗࡔࡗࡓࡇࡢ㸯ࡘࠊዲࡁ࡞ࡇࢆࡋࡓ࠸ࠊࡣ ู⾲⌧ࡍࡿάືࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࠸࠸࠺ேࡀከࡗࡓࡇࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࠊ⫋ሙ࢜ࣇࡣ ษࡾศࡅ࡚㐣ࡈࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺Ⓨゝࡶぢࡽࢀࡓࠋ࠸ࡃࡘࡶࡢ⮬ศࢆ࠸ศࡅࡿጼࡣࠊ࣏ࢫࢺ ࣔࢲࣥᾘ㈝◊✲ࡀ࠸࠺ࡇࢁࡢࠕࣈࣜࢥ࣮ࣛࢪࣗࠖࡢ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿ37ࠋࢺࣥࣉࢯࣥ㸦2001㸧 ࡣࠊ࣏ࢫࢺࣔࢲࣥᾘ㈝⪅ࡣࠊࣈࣜࢥ࣮ࣛࢪࣗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ΰᡂࡉࡏࡓࡾྜᡂࡉࡏࡓࡾࡍࡿ⾜Ⅽ ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᩥయࡽࢫࢱࣝႴዲࢆ⮬⏤ྲྀࡾ㎸ࢇ࡛ࠊ␗㉁ࡘᐃᙧ࡞⮬ᕫࡢࢹ ࢺࣥࣉࢯࣥࡣࠊࠕࣈࣜࢥ࣮ࣛࢪࣗࠖࡣࠊᡭධࡿࡶࡢࡣఱ࡛ࡶࡗ࡚సࡿ࠸࠺ᐤࡏ㞟ࡵⓗ࡞⾜Ⅽ ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ࢹࣥࢸࢸࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢺࣥࣉࢯࣥ㸦㸧ࠊ ࣮࣌ࢪཧ↷ࠋ
ࣥࢸࢸࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍ࠸࠺ࠋᾘ㈝ࡣᾘ㈝⪅ࡢࠕࢹࣥࢸࢸࢆ⏕⏘ࡋࠊ⮬ᡃࡣ᩿∦ ࡋ࡚⤯࠼ࡎኚࡋࠊከᵝᛶࢆᴟࡵࡿࠖ38ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ Aࡉࢇ ㉁ၥ㸸Aࡉࢇࡗ࡚ࠊാࡃࡗ࡚࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍ㸽 ᅇ⟅㸸⮬ศࡀᡂ㛗ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㌟ࢆ⨨ࡃሙᡤࡗ࡚ࡽ࠼࡚ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࠋ᭱㏆ࡣ⏕άࡍ ࡿࡓࡵࡔ࡞ࡗ࡚ᛮ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊࡍࡈ࠸ᡂ㛗ࡣࡋࡓ࡞ࡗ ࡚ឤࡌࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࠋ⚾⏕άࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ሙ㠃࡛ࡶࠊᡂ㛗ࡣࡋ࡚࠸ࡅࡿሙᡤ ࠸ࡿ࡞ࡗ࡚ᛮࡗ࡚࡚ࠋ㸦୰␎㸧ࡢࡔࡅ࡛ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡇ࠺ࡣᛮࡗ࡚࡞࠸ ࡽࠋࣔࢹࣝ࠸࠺⿕య࠸࠺ࠊኌࡅ࡚ࡶࡽ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊࡑ࠺ ࠸࠺ࡢࡶࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࡋࠋ Gࡉࢇ ㉁ၥ㸸࠺࠸࠺ᖾࡏࡔ࡞ࡗ࡚ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ㸽 ᅇ⟅㸸ࡣ࡛㡹ᙇࡗ࡚ࠊࡢᚋྠᮇ㣗⾜ࡗࡓࡾࠊࡑࡢᖐࡾ㐨ᴦ ࡋࡗࡓ࡞ࡗ࡚ࠋ᪥ࡶ㡹ᙇࡗࡓ࡞ࡗ࡚ࠋࡑࢀࡽࡀఇࡳࡢ᪥ࣛࣈ ⾜ࡗ࡚࣮࣡ࢵ㦁࠸࡛ࡿ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ ճ ࢼࢳ࡛ࣗࣛࣝୖ㉁࡞ᕷሙᩥ 㟷ᒣࡢⰄᗑࢆࡣࡌࡵࡍࡿᗑ⯒ࡸࢫࢱࢵࣇࡢ࠶ࡾࡼ࠺ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࠕୖ㉁ࠖࡉࡸࠕࢼࢳ ࣗࣛࣝࠖࡉࢆ㧗ࡃホ౯ࡍࡿኌࡀከࡗࡓࠋࡶࡗࡶᆅ᪉ࡢᗑ⯒࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ␗࡞ࡿぢ᪉ࡶ࠶ ࡗࡓࠋ Bࡉࢇ ㉁ၥ㸸THREEࡢ⨾ᐜ㒊ဨࡉࢇヰࡋ࡚࡚ࠊ࠺࠸࠺ேࡀከ࠸࡞ࡗ࡚༳㇟ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ 㸽 ᅇ⟅㸸ࡍࡈ࠸ヰࡋࡸࡍ࠸ேࡀከ࠸࡛ࡍࡡࠋࣈࣛࣥࢻࡼࡗ࡚ࡕࡻࡗᅽࡀࡍࡈ࠸ࡇ ࢁࠊ࠾ᗑࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ࠶ࡿࡌࡷ࡞࠸࡛ࡍࠋ 㸦୰␎㸧 ㉁ၥ㸸㏆ᐤࢀ࡞࠸࡛ࡍࡶࢇࡡࠋࣂࣜࡀᙇࡽࢀ࡚࡚ࠋ ᅇ⟅㸸ࡑࢀࡀ࡞ࡃࡗ࡚ࠋࡍࡈ࠸ヰࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࠊྍឡࡽࡋ࠸ேࡀከ࠸࡛ࡍࡡࠋ ㉁ၥ㸸ࡁࢀ࠸⣔ࡼࡾࡣྍឡࡽࡋ࠸ឤࡌࡢ᪉ࡀከ࠸࡛ࡍ㸽 ᅇ⟅㸸ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࡡࠋ࣓ࢡࡢࡏ࠸ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸࡛ࡍࡅࠊඃࡋࡑ࠺࡞ࢼࢳࣗࣛࣝ࡞࣓ ࢡࡉࢀ࡚ࡿ᪉ࡀከ࠸ࡢ࡛ࠋࢧ࣮ࣥࣟࣛࣥࡳࡓ࠸࡞ࡃࡗࡁࡾࡋࡓࠊࡌࡷ࡞ࡃ࡚ ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡩࢇࢃࡾࡋࡓ᪉ࡀከ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ Fࡉࢇ ᅇ⟅㸸㟷ᒣࡢTHREEࡢ࠾ᗑࡗ࡚ࡍࡈ࠸ࡁࢀ࠸ࡌࡷ࡞࠸࡛ࡍࠋ 38 ࢺࣥࣉࢯࣥ㸦2001㸧ࠊ112 ࣮࣌ࢪࠋ
㉁ၥ㸸⚾ࡶ᪥⾜ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ ᅇ⟅㸸ࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ㸟࠶ࡑࡇࡀࡍࡈ࠸ዲࡁ࡛ࠋ࠾ᗑࡢ㞺ᅖẼࡶዲࡁࡔࡋࠊ࢝ࣇ࢙࠸࠺ ࠊࣞࢫࢺࣛࣥࠋࡑࡇࡶࡍࡈ࠸ዲࡁ࡛ࠊ⤖ᵓ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࠋ Aࡉࢇ ㉁ၥ㸸⨾ᐜ㒊ဨࡉࢇࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࠊ༳㇟ṧࡗ࡚ࡿࡇࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ㸽 ᅇ⟅㸸ᛮࡗ࡚ࡿࡼࡾࡶTHREEࡢᗑဨࡉࢇࡗ࡚ὴᡭࡗ࡚࠸࠺ࠋࡁࡘࡵ࡞ឤࡌࡗ࡚࠸࠺ ࠋࡀࠊከ࠸࡞ࡗ࡚ឤࡌࡓࡶࠋ 㸦୰␎㸧 ㉁ၥ㸸ࡢࣈࣛࣥࢻࡢ⨾ᐜ㒊ဨࡉࢇ࡛ࡑ࠺࠸࠺༳㇟ࢆཷࡅࡓࡇࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ㸽 ᅇ⟅㸸࡞࠸ࠋࣈࣛࣥࢻ࣓࣮ࢪࡲ࠶ྜࡗ࡚ࡿ࡞ࡗ࡚ࠋᙜࡢࠊᒸᒣࡢᗑ⯒ࡔࡗࡓࡗ ࡚࠸࠺ࡢࡶ࠶ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࢇࡔࡅࠋࡇࡗࡕ᮶࡚ࡽࡣࡑࢇ࡞ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࢠ ࣕࢵࣉࢆឤࡌࡓࡇࡀ࡞࠸ࡽࠋᆅ᪉ࡔࡽ࡞ࡢ࡞ࠋ մ ᘬࡁ⥅ࡀࢀࡿࠕ⛉Ꮫࠖࠕୖ㉁ࠖ THREEࡢ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ࡣࠊTHREEࡢࣈࣛࣥࢻࡢ᰾࡛࠶ࡿࠕ⮬↛ࠖຍ࠼ࠊࣈࣛࣥࢻࡢ≉ᛶ࡛ ࠶ࡿࠕ⛉Ꮫࠖࡸࠕୖ㉁ࠖࢆዲࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᐃࡋࡓࠋࣥࢱࣅ࣮࡛ࣗࡶࠊ⛉Ꮫࢆ ྲྀࡾධࢀࡓ〇ရ࡙ࡃࡾࠊࡑࡋ࡚〇ရࡢࢡ࢜ࣜࢸࡢ㧗ࡉࡸࢩࣥࣉࣝࡉࢆẼධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸ ࠺Ⓨゝࡀከࡃࠊࣈࣛࣥࢻࡢ㌿ࢆ⏕ࡍᡓ␎ࡣཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ᛮࢃࢀࡓࠋ Cࡉࢇ ᅇ⟅㸸᭱ึࡢฟ࠸ࡗ࡚㸳ࠊ㸴ᖺ๓࡛ࠋࡁࡗࡅࡣ࡞ࡓࡢࣈࣟࢢࡔࡗࡓᛮ࠸ࡲ ࡍࠋࣃࢣࡶࡍࡈࡃࢩࣥࣉ࡛ࣝὙ⦎ࡉࢀ࡚࡚ࠊࡕࡻࡗࣉࣟࡗࡱ࠸ឤࡌࡢၟရࡸ ࣓ࢡࡀከ࠸ࡢ࡛ࠋ⚾ࡶⰍࠎ࡞ࣈࣛࣥࢻࢆࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚ࠊࡇࡇࡣࡲࡔࡗ࡚࡞࠸ ࡗ࡚࠸࠺ࡢ࡛㣕ࡧࡘࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ ㉁ၥ㸸ࠕࣉࣟࡗࡱ࠸ࠖࡗ࡚࠸࠺ࡢࡣ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽 ᅇ⟅㸸࢝ࢿ࣎࢘ࡉࢇࡢࣝࢼࢯࣝࡉࢇࡔࠊ୍⯡ࡢዪᛶࡀዲࡁࡑ࠺࡞ၟရࢆฟࡋ࡚ࣄࢵ ࢺࡋ࡚ࡿࡗ࡚ឤࡌ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࠋTHREEࡉࢇࡢሙྜࡣࠊ࣮ࣔࢻ㊰⥺ࢆᣢࡗ ࡚࡚ࠊ⮬ศࡢࣈࣛࣥࢻయ࡞ࢇࡔࡅࠊࡲ࡛࣓ࢡࢆᴦࡋࢇ࡛ࡁࡓேࡓࡕࡀ ཷࡅධࢀࡓࡃ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࢡ࢜ࣜࢸࡗ࡚࠸࠺ࠋே࢘ࢣࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ၟရࡌࡷ ࡞ࡃࡗ࡚ࡶࠊⰺࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ࠼ࡤࡼࡉࡀ࠶ࡿࡗ࡚࠸࠺ࠋ⳹ࡸࡗ࡚࠸࠺ࡼࡾ ࡣሀᐇ㏆࠸ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࢇࡔࡅࠊᐇ㝿ࡗࡓᕪࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚࣓ࢡࡀᫎ ࠼ࡿឤࡌ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ Eࡉࢇ ㉁ၥ㸸THREE࠸࠺ࣈࣛࣥࢻᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣓࣮ࢪࢆ࠾ᣢࡕ࡛ࡍ㸽 ᅇ⟅㸸㠀ᖖྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ࣈࣛࣥࢻࡔ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࠺࣓࣮ࢪࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠋࣈࣛࣥࢻࡢࢥࣥࢭࣉ ࢺࡋ࡚⮬↛ࡢࠊࢼࢳࣗࣛࣝࡢࠋ⮬↛ࡢᡂศࡔࡅࡔ⫙ぶᛶࡀ࠶ࢇࡲࡾከ ࡃ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊᾐ㏱ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵᏛᡂศࢆධࢀࡓࡾࠊᡂศࡢ᪉ἲࢆྲྀࡗ࡚ࡿ ࡗ࡚࠸࠺ࡢࡀ㠀ᖖྜ⌮ⓗࡔ࡞ࡗ࡚ᛮ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
Dࡉࢇ ㉁ၥ㸸THREE࠸࠺ࣈࣛࣥࢻᑐࡋ࡚࠺࠸࠺࣓࣮ࢪࢆ࠾ᣢࡕ࡛ࡍ㸽 ᅇ⟅㸸Ὑ⦎ࡉࢀ࡚ࡿឤࡣ࠶ࡿ࡞ࠋ ㉁ၥ㸸ᛮ࠸ࡘࡃ㝈ࡾ࣮࣡ࢻ࡛ฟࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࠊࡣఱࡀᾋࡧࡲࡍ㸽 㸦୰␎㸧 ᅇ⟅㸸ࢩࣥࣉࣝࠋࢩࣥࣉࣝࡔࡅࢩࣥࣉࣝࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࠋࢩࣥࣉࣝࡔࡅ࢜ࢩࣕࣞࠋ Fࡉࢇ ㉁ၥ㸸THREEࡣ࠺࠸࠺࣓࣮ࢪࢆ࠾ᣢࡕ࡛ࡍ㸽 ᅇ⟅㸸࣮࢜࢞ࢽࢵࢡࠊὶ⾜ࡾࡢ᭱ึࡢ᪉ࠋ㐪࠺ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡅࠊ⚾ࡢ୰࡛ࡣඛ 㥑ࡅࡢࣈࣛࣥࢻ࡞ᛮࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠋࡑࢀࡋ࡚ࡣࢫࢱࣜࢵࢩࣗ࡞ឤࡌ࡛ࠋࢼ ࢳࣗࣛࣝࡔࡅࢲࢧࡉࡢ᪉ࡣᐤࡽࡎࠊࡗࡇࡾࡌࡷ࡞ࡃ࡚ࢫࢱࣜࢵࢩࣗ⣔ ࡛ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢁࡀዲࡁ࡛ࡍࠋ Hࡉࢇ ㉁ၥ㸸THREEᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ࠺࠸࠺࣓࣮ࢪࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࡲࡍ㸽 ᅇ⟅㸸ࢩࣥࣉࣝ࡞ࢹࢨࣥࠋࠕ୰㌟࡛㈇ࠖ࡞ࠋ࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡿࠊዪᛶ ࡢࠊಶேࢆ⏕ࡍࡼ࠺࡞࣓ࢡࢆᥦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀከࡗࡓ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ㸦୰␎㸧 ࢺࣞࣥࢻࡶྲྀࡾධࢀࡘࡘࠊࢩࣥࣉࣝ࡞ࢇࡔࡅಶᛶⓗ࠸࠺ࠋࡑࡢேࡢಶᛶ ࢆᘬࡁ❧ࡓࡏࡿࡼ࠺࡞㥆ᰁࡴ࣓ࢡ࠸࠺ࠋ࠶ࢼࢳࣗࣛࣝᚿྥ࡞ࢇ࡞ࠋ ࣮࢜࢞ࢽࢵࢡᚿྥࡌࡷ࡞࠸࡛ࡍ㸽ࡑࡢ㎶ࡀẼ࡞ࡿࢇ࡛ࠊ࠾⫙ඃࡋ࠸ࢇ࡛ ࠶ࢀࡤࡢ〇ရࠊ࣮࣋ࢫ࣓ࢡࡶヨࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸࡞ᛮࡗ࡚ࡿࡇࢁ࡛ࡍࠋ
㸱㸬⤖ㄽ
௨ୖࡢゝㄝࡢゎㄞࡽࠊタᐃࡋࡓ㸲ࡘࡢㄢ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ḟࡢࡼ࠺ࡲࡵࡿࡇࡀチࡉࢀࡿ ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ➨㸯ࡢㄢ㢟ࡣࠊTHREEࡢ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ࡢࣛࣇࢫࢱࣝࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ≉ࠊከᵝ࡞ࣛࣇࢫࢱࣝࢆᣢࡘேࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࢽ࣮ࣗࢺࣛࣝ࡞≉ᚩ╔┠ࡍࡿࡇ ࡋࡓࠋㄪᰝᑐ㇟⪅ࡣࠊయࢆືࡍࡇࡀዲࡁ࡞㧗ᰯ⏕ࠊㄞ᭩ዲࡁ࡛ࣛࢱ࣮ࢆ⫋ᴗࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿ᪤፧ዪᛶࠊࡉࡽࡣ࣓ࢡ⏨Ꮚࢆ⮬ㄆࡍࡿ♫ဨ࡞ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࣛࣇࢫࢱࣝࡘ࠸ ࡚ㄒࡗ࡚ࡃࢀࡓࠋከᵝᛶࡀ┠❧ࡕࠊࣛࣇࢫࢱࣝඹ㏻Ⅼࢆぢฟࡍࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࡋࡋࠊᑗ᮶ࡘ࠸࡚᫂☜࡞ᒎᮃࡀㄒࡽࢀࡿࡇࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ⏕ࡁ᪉ࡣࡽ࠼ ࡇࢁࡀ࡞࠸༳㇟ࡀṧࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡣඹ㏻ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊTHREEࡢ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ࡢࣛࣇ ࢫࢱࣝࡣ㔜ࡢព࡛ࢽ࣮ࣗࢺ࡛ࣛࣝ࠶ࡿ࠸࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ⌧≧࠾࠸࡚ࠊ≉ᐃࡢࢭࢢ࣓ ࣥࢺ≉ࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ೫ࡾࡀ࡞࠸࠸࠺ព࡛ࢽ࣮ࣗࢺ࡛ࣛࣝ࠶ࡾࠊᑗ᮶ⓗࡶࠊࡑࡇྥ ࡗ࡚㐍ࡴࡁ┠ᶆࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠸࠺ព࡛ࢽ࣮ࣗࢺࣛࣝ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ๓✏࡛᫂ࡽ ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊᑓᴗ፬ࡢᩘࡀῶࡾࠊ᱁ᕪࡀᐃ╔ࡍࡿ୰࡛ࠊTHREEࡢࡗࡓࢭࢢ࣓ࣥࢺࢆ㝈ᐃ ࡋ࡞࠸ࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ␎ࡣࠊࡑࡢᡓ␎ࢆཷࡅධࢀࡿ㢳ᐈࢆ⋓ᚓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ ➨㸰ࡢㄢ㢟ࡣࠊTHREEࡢ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ࡢࢹࣥࢸࢸࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡇ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡓ ࡿ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮࡛࠶ࡿዪᛶࡀᑓᴗ፬ᚿྥࡽ࢟ࣕࣜᚿྥ㌿ࡋࠊࡑࡢࡇࡀࢹࣥࢸࢸࡢࡼ࠺ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ╔┠ࡋ࡚ࡳࡓࠋ⤖ᯝࡋ࡚ࠊ࢜ࣇࢆ༊ ูࡋ࠸ศࡅࡿᵝᏊࡸ⾲⌧άື㛵ᚰࢆ♧ࡍᵝᏊࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࠊ」ᩘࡢࢹࣥࢸࢸࢆ᭷ ࡋࠊࡑࢀࢆࢫࢵࢳࡍࡿ࣏ࢫࢺࣔࢲࣥᾘ㈝ㄽ࡛࠸࠺ࡇࢁࡢࣈࣜࢥ࣮ࣛࢪࣗᾘ㈝ࢆぢ࡚ྲྀࡿ ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ ➨㸱ࡢㄢ㢟ࡣࠊᕷሙᩥࡢᙧᡂࢆ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿ࠺࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋⰄᗑࢆࡣࡌࡵࡍࡿᗑ ⯒ࡢ࠶ࡾࡼ࠺ࡑࢀᑐࡍࡿ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ࡢホ౯ࡸ㛵ࢃࡾࡽࠊ୍ᐃࡢᕷሙᩥࡢᙧᡂࢆឤࡌࡿ ࡇࡣ࡛ࡁࡓࡀࠊᆅ᪉ࡢᗑ⯒ᑐࡍࡿ᭕࡞ホ౯࡞ࡽࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶ୍యឤࡢ࠶ࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽ ࢸࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡣゝ࠸㞴࠸≧ἣࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࣈࣛࣥࢻᾘ㈝ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ᪉ࡢࢽ࣮ࣗࢺ ࣛࣝ࡞≉ᚩࡀࠊ୍యឤࡢ࠶ࡿࣈࣛࣥࢻࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡢᙧᡂࢆᣄࢇ࡛࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ⪃࠼ࡿࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋ ➨㸲ࡢㄢ㢟ࡣࠊTHREEࡼࡿሗⓎಙࡀᾘ㈝⪅ࡗ࡚ࡢࡼ࠺ཷࡅࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡢࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࢩࣥࣉࣝ࡞ࢹࢨࣥࡸ࣮࢜࢞ࢽࢵࢡ࡞≉ᛶࢆホ౯ࡍࡿኌຍ ࠼࡚ࠊ⛉Ꮫࡢຊࢆࣉࣛࢫせ⣲ࡋ࡚ㄒࡿㄪᰝᑐ㇟⪅ࡶ࠸ࡓࠋPOLA௦ࡽ୍㈏ࡋ࡚ᙉㄪࡉ ࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࣈࣛࣥࢻࡢ≉ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿୖ㉁ࡉࡸ⛉Ꮫࡢຊࡣࠊ౫↛ࡋ࡚ࣉࣛࢫࡢホ౯ࢆᚓ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ ࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ௨ୖ㏙࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺ࠊㄪᰝ๓ᣲࡆࡓ㸲ࡘࡢゎ᫂ࡉࢀࡿࡁㄢ㢟ࡣࠊࡰᐃࡉࢀࡓ㏻ ࡾࡢ⤖ᯝࢆᚓࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ๓✏࡛ࡣ᫂ࡽ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓᾘ㈝⪅ࡢከᵝ࡞ࢹࣥࢸ ࢸࡑࡇࡽ⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡿࢽ࣮ࣗࢺࣛࣝ࡞ࣛࣇࢫࢱࣝࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ ゎ᫂ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋᕷሙᩥࡢᙧᡂࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ༑ศ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊࡇࡢⅬࡣᗘࣈࣛࣥࢻ⟶⌮ࡢどⅬࡽࡢ⪃ᐹࡀᚲせࡉࢀࡿࠋ
࠾ࢃࡾ
ࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ␎ࢆᡂຌࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊ♫Ṕྐⓗ࡞ᾘ㈝ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢ㌿ࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿᚲ せࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡢࡀ࢝ࣝࢳ࣭ࣗࣛࣝࣈࣛࣥࢹࣥࢢࡢ⪃࠼᪉࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௦ࡢ㌿Ⅼࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊ ࣈࣛࣥࢻࡢ᰾ᚰ㒊ศࢆ⥔ᣢࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡶᾘ㈝⪅ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ㌿ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ ࡀࠊࣈࣛࣥࢻồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᮏ✏ࡣࠊࣈࣛࣥࢻᾘ㈝⪅ࡣ᪉ྥᙳ㡪ࡋྜ࠺࠸࠺ほⅬࡽࠊᾘ㈝⪅ࡢࣛࣇࢫࢱ ࣝࡸࢹࣥࢸࢸ࠸ࡗࡓᾘ㈝⏕άࡢෆᐇࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊᕷሙࣈࣛࣥࢻࡢ ┦㛵ಀࡍࡿጼࡢయീࢆࡽ࠼ࡼ࠺ヨࡳࡓࠋ࢝ࣝࢳ࣭ࣗࣛࣝࣈࣛࣥࢹࣥࢢࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࡣࠊ ᾘ㈝ᩥ⌮ㄽࢆ࣮࣋ࢫࡋ࡚࡛ࡁࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢࡇࢁࠊᐃᛶㄪᰝࡢᡭἲࢆ⏝ ࠸࡚ᾘ㈝ࡢෆᐇࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ␎ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡋࡓᴗ⦼ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ᅇࠊࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗㄪᰝࢆᐇࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ⤫ィ㈨ᩱࡢά⏝ࡸࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ࡛ࡣឤࡌྲྀ ࡿࡇࡢ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ᾘ㈝⪅ࡢᝎࡳࡸᦂࢀࡿ⏕ࡁ᪉┤㠃ࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ࠸࠺ ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃࠊ⌧௦ࡢࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ␎ࡗ࡚ᚲせྍḞࡢᾘ㈝⪅ࡢ῝࠸⌮ゎࡣࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ㄪᰝࡼࡿ▱ぢࢆᢤࡁࡣ⋓ᚓࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
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William, Y. Kumju, H. Seonaidh, M. and Caroline, J. O. (2009). Sustainable consumption: green consumer behavior when purchasing products, Sustainable Development, 18(1), 20-31. ⏣Ὀே㸦2006㸧ࠕ⢝ရゼၥ㈍ࡢྐⓗᒎ㛤 ࣏࣮̾ࣛ⢝ရᮏ⯒ࡢືࡁࢆ୰ᚰ̾ࠖ ࠗ㏆␥Ꮫ▷ㄽ㞟࠘➨39ᕳ➨㸯ྕࠊ12᭶ࠊ57-66࣮࣌ࢪ. ⃝┿ᖾ㸦2011㸧ࠕྍ⬟࡞ࡿ㠉 ࠕᖾ⚟ࡔࠖ⟅࠼ࡿⱝ⪅ࡓࡕࡢ௦ࠖࠗAtࣉࣛࢫ㸸ᛮ άື࠘➨㸵ྕࠊ2011ᖺ㸰᭶ࠊ114-127࣮࣌ࢪ. ⏣୰Ꮚ㸦2017㸧ࠕᾘ㈝ᩥ⌮ㄽࡢࣈࣛࣥࢻศᯒࡢᑟධ ̾᱁ᕪᐃ╔ᮇࡢࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ␎̾ࠖ ⇃ᮏᏛᅬᏛᏛ㝔ಟኈᏛㄽᩥࠊ2017ᖺ㸱᭶.
⏣୰Ꮚ࣭ྜྷᮧ⣧୍㸦2017㸧ࠕ᪥⡿࠾ࡅࡿCCT◊✲ࡢ⌮ㄽⓗⓎᒎ㐣⛬㛵ࡍࡿ⪃ᐹࠖ ࠗ⇃ᮏᏛᅬၟᏛㄽ㞟࠘➨21ᕳ➨1ྕࠊ2017ᖺ㸱᭶ࠊ97-125࣮࣌ࢪ. ࢺࣥࣉࢯࣥ, C. J.㸦2001㸧ࠕࡽ࠼ࡇࢁࡢ࡞࠸࣏ࢫࢺࣔࢲࣥᾘ㈝⪅ࠖࠗDiamond Harvard Business Review࠘ࠊ2001ᖺ㸴᭶ྕࠊ2001ᖺ㸴᭶ࠊ111-114࣮࣌ࢪ. ྂᕷ᠇ᑑ㸦2011㸧ࠗ⤯ᮃࡢᅜࡢᖾ⚟࡞ⱝ⪅ࡓࡕ࠘ㅮㄯ♫. ᮏᗉຍ௦Ꮚ㸦2017㸧ࠕࣈࣛࣥࢻ౯್ࡢ㊴㌍㛵ࡍࡿ୍⪃ᐹ——࢝ࣝࢳࣗࣛࣝࣈࣛࣥࢹࣥࢢ ࡢどⅬࡽ——ࠖࠗ⌧௦⤒Ⴀ⤒῭◊✲࠘➨㸲ᕳ➨㸰ྕࠊ㸱᭶ࠊ21-50࣮࣌ࢪ. ᯇ๛㸦2013㸧ࠗࡇࡤ࣐࣮ࢣࢸࣥࢢ㸸ࠕ⒵ࡋࠖࣈ࣮࣒ࡢᾘ㈝♫ྐ࠘☒Ꮫ⯋. ᐑྎ┿ྖ㸦1995㸧ࠗ⤊ࢃࡾ࡞ࡁ᪥ᖖࢆ⏕ࡁࢁ ࣒̾̾࢜࢘ඞ᭹࣐ࢽࣗࣝ࠘⟃ᦶ᭩ᡣ. ᐑྎ┿ྖ㸦2014㸧ࠗ⚾ࡓࡕࡣࡇࡽ᮶࡚ࠊࡇ⾜ࡃࡢ࠘ᗁ⯋ ྜྷᮧ⣧୍㸦2010㸧ࠕᾘ㈝ᩥ⌮ㄽࡀ࣐࣮ࢣࢸࣥࢢ◊✲ࡶࡓࡽࡍࡶࡢࠖࠗ⇃ᮏᏛᅬၟᏛㄽ 㞟࠘➨16ᕳ➨㸯ྕࠊ㸷᭶ࠊ13-30࣮࣌ࢪ. ྜྷᮧ⣧୍㸦2013㸧ࠕ⌧௦࣐࣮ࢣࢸࣥࢢ࠾ࡅࡿ࢝ࣝࢳ࣭ࣗࣛࣝࣈࣛࣥࢹࣥࢢࡢ⨨ ࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ␎࠾ࡅࡿṔྐᛶࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࠖࠗὶ㏻࠘➨33ྕࠊ12᭶ࠊ53-68࣮࣌ࢪ. ཌ⏕ປാ┬ࠗᡤᚓศ㓄ㄪᰝ࠘ࠋ ⥲ົ┬ࠗປാຊㄪᰝ࠘ࠋ ⥲ົ┬ࠗປാຊㄪᰝ≉ูㄪᰝ࠘ࠋ ෆ㛶ᗓࠗᅜẸ⏕ά㛵ࡍࡿୡㄽㄪᰝ࠘ࠋ THREEࠕABOUTࠖhttps://www.threecosmetics.com/brand/about/㸦2018ᖺ11᭶13᪥☜ㄆ㸧 THREEࠕTHREE AOYAMAࠖhttps://aoyama.threecosmetics.com/㸦2018ᖺ12᭶17᪥☜ㄆ㸧 UserLocalࠕࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࣐ࢽࣥࢢࢶ࣮ࣝࠖhttps://textmining.userlocal.jp/㸦2018ᖺ11᭶㸯᪥ ☜ㄆ㸧 ᮾὒ⤒῭࢜ࣥࣛࣥࠕ࣏࣮ࣛࠕTHREEࠖࡢேࡀ᭱ᚋᣮࡴࡇ ୡ⏺࡛㏻ࡌࡿ᪥ᮏⓎࣈ ࣛࣥࢻࢆసࡿࠖhttps://toyokeizai.net/articles/-/110603?page=2㸦2018ᖺ11᭶12᪥☜ㄆ㸧 ࣏࣮࣭ࣛ࢜ࣝࣅࢫ࣮࣍ࣝࢹࣥࢢࢫࠕࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢᴗᵓᡂࠖ https://www.po-holdings.co.jp/group/perspective/index.html㸦2018ᖺ11᭶13᪥☜ㄆ㸧
The purpose of this paper is to clarify the characteristics of consumers who support THREE a lifestyle brand centered on cosmetics, through interviews with users of the brand.
In this research, I approached consumers directly. I interviewed THREE users using qualitative research methods. In conducting the interview, I set four issues to be clarified. I examine THREE’s brand strategy in the era of inequality by revealing the lifestyles that users of THREE have and by clarifying how they relate to the brand strategy. I analyze consumption patterns of the inequality society and the influence of the brand strategy on consumption patterns.
