「世界の日本語教育 . J J 1 2 , 2 0 0 2 年 6 月
"Respo 翻 s i b l e ' ' J apa 悶母 sevs . " . I 阻 鵠 盟 意 i o 阻 a l "
Cog 監査討 i v eCo 闘を ≪ r 棄容を ofNo 賞 五 回 i n t e n t i o 重 1 a lEve 翻 意g
料P r a s h a n t PARDESH ド
Key w o r d s : n o n ‑ i n t e n t i o n a l e v e n t s , i m p l i c a t i o n a l h i e r a r c h y , c o n c e p t u a l i z a t i o n , notion o f c o n t r o l , notion o f r e s p o n s i b i l i t y
The g o a l o f t h i s paper i s t o : 1 ) provide a comprehensive d e s c r i p t i v e account o f t r a n s i t i v e l y encoded n o n ‑ i n t e n t i o n a l e v e n t s i n Japanese and 2 ) o f f e r a p r i n ‑ c i p l e d e x p l a n a t i o n f o r t h e fundamental i s s u e : Why a predominantly BECOME‑
language l i k e Japanese f r e e l y permits t r a n s i t i v e encoding o f such e v e n t s , through a c o n t r a s t i v e study with t h e i r c o u n t e r p a r t s i n I n d i c l a n g u a g e s . The r a i s o n de t r e f o r such a comparison i s t h a t such e v e n t s can be rendered using a t r a n ‑ s i t i v e verb only s p o r a d i c a l l y i n I n d i c l a n g u a g e s . This w i l l thus o f f e r a unique opportunity t o s e e a c l e a r ‑ c u t c o n t r a s t p e r t a i n i n g t o l i n g u i s t i c encoding o f non
四i n t e n t i o n a l e v e n t s .
W e claim t h a t t h e s i m i l a r i t i e s and d i f f e r e n c e s between Japanese and I n d i c languages with regard t o n o n ‑ i n t e n t i o n a l e v e n t s f o l l o w from the ways t h e s e s i t u a t i o n s a r e c o n c e p t u a l i z e d . W e propose t h a t t h e d i f f e r e n c e s i n c o n c e p t u a l i z a t i o n o f t h e same e x t e r n a l r e a l i t y a r e guided by s o c i o ‑ c u l t u r a l f a c t o r s t h a t shape our c o g n i t i o n . The c o g n i t i v e account proposed here s u g g e s t s t h a t Japanese i s more s e n s i t i v e t o the notion o f r e s p o n s i b i l i t y than i t s I n d i c c o u n t e r p a r t s , while Indic languages a r e more s e n s i t i v e t o the notion o f i n t e n t i o n a l i t y than Japa‑
nese ‑ not i n a b s o l u t e terms but i n a r e l a t i v e s e n s e . Crossing the threshold o f grammar, a non‑native l e a r n e r o f a language needs t o master such c o g n i t i v e parameters i n order t o sound n a t u r a l i n t h a t l a n g u a g e . The n o t i o n s o f a DO‑
v s . a BECOME‑language o r a PERSON‑FOCUS v s . a SITUATION
四FO‑
CUS‑language a r e not a matter o f a l l o r nothing ( i . e . , dichotomy) but a matter o f degree ( i . e . , continuum).
*ブラシャント・パルデシ: P o s tD o c t o r a l F e l l o w , Japan S o c i e t y f o r t h e Promotion o f S c i e n c e / Kobe U n i v e r s i t y .
料