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¼ ,(2004). http://id.nii.ac.jp/1001/00058554/

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7) Janos Wagner and Istvan Virag Solving renju,ICGA Joumal Vol.24,No.1,pp.30- 35,(2001),http://www.sze.hu/ gtakacs/downlord/wagnervirag 2001.pdf

8) Jonathan Schaeffer, Neil Burch, Yngvi Bjorsson, Akihiro Kishimoto, Martin Muller, Robert Lake, Poul Lu, and Steve Suphen, Checkers is sloved, Science Vol.317,No.5844, pp.1518-1522,(2007).

9) Joel Feinstein, Amenor Wins World 6 ^Ð 6 Chanpionship!, Forty billionnoted under the tree (July 1993),pp.6-8,British Othello Federation‘s newsletter,(1993).

10) ^«ÑÒÓ ,[

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(GI),Vol.2009-GI-22 No.3pp.1-8,

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¼ ,(2009),http://id.nii.ac.jp/1001/00062415

11) Richard Delrme,Othello programing,(2012),http://abulmo.perso.neuf.fr/index.htm 12) Gunnar Andersson,Wzebra,(2006),http://rabagast.se/othello/

13) ^Ý§«Þß ,^àHÚ ^/

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15) ^]Áë ,

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16) Eric C.D. van der Welf,H.Jaap van den Herik,and Jos W.H.M.Uiterwilk,Solving Go on Small Boards, ICGA Journal,Vol.26,No.2,pp.92-107(2003).

17) T.Ishii,MasterReversi,

Ó £ Ò Ð

é

http://homepage2.nifty.com/tishii/mr/gameresult.html,2007.

18) Michael Buro,Logistello,https://skatgame.net/mburo/log.html,1997

19) ^5« ,

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import java . util .*;

public class GameState extends Observabl e {

int data [][];

int turn ; int player ; int black ; int white ;

public GameState (){

data = new int [8][8];

data [3][3] = 1;

data [3][4] = -1;

data [4][3] = -1;

data [4][4] = 1;

turn = 0;

player = 1;

black = 2;

white = 2;

}

public boolean put ( int x , int y ){')(+*-,/.)021/35476)*5879/:-;=<

//

if ( data [ x ][ y ] != 0){

return false ; }>@?+A)B2()CD;E<F35476)*5879/:D;E<

//

if ( reverse (x ,y , true )== false ){

return false ; }^,/G59H

//

data [ x ][ y ] = player ; player *= -1;

turn ++;

(15)

countDisc ();

setChange d ();

n o t i f y O b s e r v e r s ();

return true ; }

public boolean reverse ( int x , int y , boolean doReverse ){

int dir [][] = {

{ -1 , -1} , {0 , -1} , {1 , -1} , { -1 , 0} , {1 , 0} , { -1 , 1} , {0 , 1} , {1 , 1}

};

boolean reversed = false ;

for ( int i =0; i <8; i ++){^I+JFK2B //

int x0 = x + dir [ i ][0];

int y0 = y + dir [ i ][1];

if ( isOut ( x0 , y0 ) == true ){

continue ; }

int nextState = data [ x0 ][ y0 ];

if ( nextState == player ){

System . out . println (" Next state is player : " + x0 +" ,"+ y0 );

continue ;

} else if ( nextState == 0){

System . out . println (" Next state is null : " + x0 +" ,"+ y0 );

continue ; } else {

System . out . println (" Next state is enemy : " + x0 +" ,"+ y0 );

}I+J7IFLEMONEP7(RQ)SUTWVRXUYOZ/JR[/.)0D\/]^>@?+A)B

//

int j = 2;

while ( true ){

int x1 = x + ( dir [ i ][0]* j );

int y1 = y + ( dir [ i ][1]* j );

if ( isOut ( x1 , y1 ) == true ){

break ; }Y_ZFJR,/.)0=`Oa=MbXc>@?FA)B

//

if ( data [ x1 ][ y1 ]== player ){

System . out . println (" Player cell !: " + x1 +" ,"+ y1 );

(16)

if ( doReverse ){

for ( int k =1; k < j ; k ++){

int x2 = x + ( dir [ i ][0]* k );

int y2 = y + ( dir [ i ][1]* k );

data [ x2 ][ y2 ] *= -1;

System . out . println (" reverse : " + x2 +" ,"+ y2 );

} }

reversed = true ; break ;

}d/e7.)0E`OaMbXFf=g

//

if ( data [ x1 ][ y1 ]==0){

break ; }

j ++;

} }

return reversed ; }

public boolean canReverse ( int x , int y ){

return reverse (x , y , false );

}

public boolean isOut ( int x , int y ){

if (x <0 || y <0 || x >=8 || y >=8){

return true ; }

return false ; }

public boolean checkPass (){h)iDA5j)A+kRJ7l)m=n5*_opTWVRX>@?+A)B5(+C215L5q^r)s-t

//

for ( int y =0; y <8; y ++){

for ( int x =0; x <8; x ++){')(+*-,/.)021/35476287q^r)s-tTu;<

//

if ( data [ x ][ y ] != 0){

continue ;

}>W?+A)B5()C)1wvxTWaFyE3RCDXFzE*_{|TWV

//^GR}+' false

if ( canReverse ( x , y ) == true ){

return false ;

(17)

}

} }

return true ; }

public void countDisc (){

black = 0;

white = 0;

for ( int y =0; y <8; y ++){

for ( int x =0; x <8; x ++){

if ( data [ x ][ y ] == 1){

black ++;

} else if ( data [ x ][ y ] == -1){

white ++;

} }

}

import java . util .*;

public class randomAI {

int color ; // BLACK or WHITE

public randomAI (){

color = -1;

}

int [] decide ( GameState state ){

ArrayList < int [] > array = new ArrayList < int [] >();~F2J2dFK2B5G59F:215L5q^r2sDt

//

for ( int y =0; y <8; y ++){

for ( int x =0; x <8; x ++){')(+*-,/.)021/3RC28RFB

//

if ( state . data [ x ][ y ] != 0)

continue ;9F:512K)B7J=3DCDX+F3/TWV77

//

if ( state . canReverse ( x , y ) == true ){

(18)

int pos [] = {x , y };

array . add ( pos );

}

} }+R77)

//

if ( array . size () <= 0){

int pos [] = { -1 , -1};

return pos ; }

Random rnd = new Random ();

int index = rnd . nextInt ( array . size ());

return array . get ( index );

} }

import java . util .*;E-F7/O

//

public class montAI extends Observabl e { class Move extends Observable {

public int eval =0;

public bestmove ()

super (0 ,0);

}

public bestmove ( int x , int y int e ) {

super (x , y );

eval = e ; }

};

class r a n d o m A I P l a y e r implements Player {

private AI randomAi = null ;

public r a n d o m A I P l a y e r () {

randomAi = new randomAI ();

}

public void onTurn ( C o n s o l e B o a r d board ) throws G a m e o v e r E x c e p t i o n

(19)

{

randomAi . bestmove ( board );

if ( board . isGameover ()) throws new G a m e o v e r E x c e p t i o n ();

} };O)+

//

private int trialN =100;~FR22+

//

public void bestmove ( C o n s o l e B o a r d board ) {

BookManage r book = new BookManage r ();

Vector < point > movables = new book . find ( board );

if ( movables . Empty ()) {^FB2G5'+1

//

board . pass ();

return ; }

if ( movables . size ()=1) {FV)1D)F.R ¡O);^Mb¢)£F8D¤+¥2;E<

//

board . move (( Point ) movables . get (0));

return ;

//°5±)(D²2³P7(R/´-µ=1 AI

private int vertualGa m e ( C o n s o l e B o a r d nB , Point montPoint )

{

C o n s o l e B o a r d nBoard = new C o n s o l e B o a r d ();

nBoard = nB ;

System . out . println ();

nBoard . print ();^¶5·)¸

//

int evaluation =0;

Player [] player new Player [2];¹R´/M_JFk5A/DL7ºF1

//

int c u r r e n t _ p l a y e r ;

int fast_trun = nBoard . g e t C u r r e n t C o l o r ();

(20)

fast_turn = 1;

System . out . println^[FJD»)¼ (""+ fast_turn );

player [0] = n e w r a n d o m P l a y e r^½ ();

player [1] = n e w r a n d o m P l a y e r^e ();

if ( fast_trun =1) {

c u r r e n t _ p l a y e r =0;

} else {

c u r r e n t _ p l a y e r =1;

}²5¾EJ7 F¿5J2À)Á7F(7¬/:-¨`OaDÂ2ÃGRFÄ2Å/Æ)Ç=FR7

//

nBoard . move ( montPoint );^ODÈFA7É7Ê

//

c u r r e n t _ p l a y e r = ++ c u r r e n t _ p l a y e r 2 ;f=g)P7(5)A)

//

while ( turn ) {

try {

player [ c u r r e n t _ p l a y e r ]. onTurn ( nBoard );

}

catch ( doExcepti o n n ) {

do {

System . out . println (" do ");

nBoard . do (); nBoard . do ();

} while ( nBoard . g e t M o v a b l e s P o s (). isEmpty ());

contenue ; }

catch ( E x i t E x c e p t i o n n ) {

n . p r i n t S t a c k T r a c e ();

}

catch ( B a m e O v e r E x c e p t i o n n ) {

System . out . println^f=g ("");

System . out . print ( nBoard . countDisc ( Disc . BLACK ));

System . out . print ( nBoard . countDisc ( Disc . WHITE ));

if ( fast_turn =1){

evalution = nBoard . countDisc ( Disc . WHITE ) nBoard . countDisc ( Disc . BLACK );

}

(21)

else {

evalution = nBoard . countDisc ( Disc . BLACK ) nBoard . countDisc ( Disc . WHITE );

}

break ; }

return evalution ; }

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