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(1)

Properties of l in KS from the View Point

of R

.

Thompson ' s groups F

Akihir

Tak an ( The University of To kg

)

Joint Work with

Yuya Kodama ( To kg

Metropolitan University )

Intelligence of Low

-

dimensiono.IT opo log y

May 26.2022

(2)

Introduction

[ Thompson , 19651 defined the groups F . T and V

.

They are used to Con struct finite.ly

-

presented groups

with und able Word problem s

.

.

T and V are finite.ly

-

presented Infinite Simple groups

.

[ Jones , 20173

introduced a method of Construction g ( Oriented ) Iink s from

element s of F ( or F )

.

.

Shared an and ogue of ( un Oriented ) Alexander ' s theorem

だッ

恌 いは

寿 as a closed b said

.

and a Highly We der result for the Oriented case

.

( Aid 10,20201 Complete l y proud the theorem for the Oriented case

.

(3)

Brad Group

Simple !

EEE EEE

Thompson ' s Group

. . . . .

TI ^ Complete d

. ..

Main result

We Contract a sequence 側

CF

Lk よし お

sociatedlink.lk : a Item ating and fiber ed

# Lk , d Ltd , SW , b W

mini mol genus Hat S ei fer t Surface s

(4)

I. Definition s and Construction s

2. Example s

3. Main result

(5)

I. Definition s and Construction s

2. Example s

3. Main result

(6)

Thompson

'

s Group F Tree diagram

F = { pair with s the of root same ed.pl number an an of bin Leaves any Trees

下り ~

Description s of Elements of F

FII

) =

or

T

The equivalent relation : Care t

= E F

The opposingcarets.is Tree called diagram the representing.GE reduced Tree F diagram without pair of s g. of

(7)

The Group Operation

=

(T.T)

(T.T) = (T.T)

1 1 1 1

(T.T)

t.T%ae.ws/g

• に

(T.T) EF ( T : bin any Tree )

(T-T)

Presentation s of F [ McKenzie

-

Thompson , 1 9 7 3 1

F

N , K ,

つぐ

なつ

( i = Ij + ( i < j )

0.x

とつぐ

どな ]

, とつぐ

,

つく

]

つく

つく

・ ・ ・

(8)

Jones ' Construction

( 1 )

ーー ・ ・ ・ ・ ・

I

) EF : reduced Tree diagram with int l Leaves

.

Place the Leaves of し

) at ( 20 ) ( )

( 2

.

0 )

Note that

CR × R ≥ 。 and T

-

CR × R 。

(1) Con struct the Manor graph (T.T) :

Vert EX : (O.O) 、 ( 1

,

0 ) .

. . .

. ( h

,

O )

Edge : For Inter seats of trans I and ver Sally does jus not t Once do the an Edge other Edge of s

of し

)

.

(9)

F . T

Jones ' Construction

4

-

v de int graph

( 1 )

.fi

ーー ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・

・ ・

Iink

Project Ion

: 1.

I

(T.T)

(2) Con struct the Media I graph MMF

下り

Let G be a Connect

edplanargraph.Itsmedidgraphmisobtainedavertexi.me Edge : Two pondingedgesareadjacentonafo.ee Vert very i Cesare Edge of join G ed if of the G

.

comes

(10)

Jones ' Construction

( 1 )

- . -

: 1.

(

た に

) M

、下り

がた )

(3) Con struct the Link diagram HIM :

replacevertices.in | R R × × R R with with

.

(11)

Jones ' Sub groups

FF 引

) EF

) is 2

-

color able } : Jones ' Sub groups

or

A graph G is 2 color able Oriented Thompson ' s

da 手 : MG ) = { Vert ices of G } { t ,

-

} groups

si.uisevaarejoinedfwJ.BY Convention , the Vert ex (O.O) has the color t

.

Example

(1) ( 1 )

+

t.it

| +

| 2

-

color able NOT 2

-

color able

(12)

(II) EF ~

) is Natural I y Oriented

+ - + - 謭

color in g

( たで

んし

た、下

) んし

た、下

)

- 䵷 -

S (T.T)

っっ

Orient

(T.T) able is 2

-

color able

checkerboard.SI Surface

た、下に

んし

た、下

) obtained from

i

.

S (T.T) is a S e tert Surface

.

Blue regions

of HIT )

(13)

Generator s of F

Thin 1 Got an

-

Sapir 20171

・ F is Gene rate d by X : = 1

で つい

i 0 } and

= 1

つぐ

i 0

,

n 1 }

.

• F is generatedbjxa.x.kz and DG

.

• F

go.yi.bz 。

・ ・ ・ よ

i = y ; + 2 ( i < j )

片 (

(i) ( in )

Remark F = たつ

-

) :

binarytrees.FI

) : 3

-

any Trees .

. . .

. 1 し

) : k

-

any Trees

まで i =

.

=

. . .

(14)

I. Definition s and Construction s

2. Example s

3. Main result

(15)

[

1 1

= n e {

) =

Fact All linksobto.in ed from element s of F with 5 Leaves

are Tri vid

.

= n

. . . . . .

n

、 : n

~

(16)

-

: : : : : : :

藩 蘐

a.

. . . . . . .

. . .

= y ? y ? ~

(17)

Lam [ Kodama

-

T

.

20221

で が =

• T 。

・ ・ 、

n n

( n 1 )

ど が =

T 。 。 。 。 。

n n

n + 1

n

. .

'

Y y T u n

. . . . . . . . . . . .

.n e

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

' .

' .

' s

n n

(18)

k Gk L # L C a Her not in g fibered 8 b

0 で お ↳ a

2 2 YES YES 0 2

1 で

? 4

I 4 YES YES 1 3

2 で

? Lia 2 5 YES YES 1 3

3 で

? Loaa 3 6 YES YES 1 3

4

3 ha 、 2 7 YES YES 2 3

5 で が 8

1 8 YES YES 3 3

: b : braid Index

'

C : Crossing number

g : genus

(19)

I. Definition s and Construction s

2. Example s

3. Main result

(20)

Thin [ Kodama

-

T

.

20221

ば がい ( k = 2 m )

{ Sho : sequence in F given by Sk +2 yim

-

2 ( k = 2 m + 1 )

'

↳ は

1 ( k = 6 m + 1 . 6 m + 5 )

=

• # Lk = | 2 3 ( ( k k = = 2 6 m m ) + 3 ) i

ど が=

• dL 。 ) = 2 . c ( LA = k + 3 ( k 1 )

• Vk 0.LK : a Item ating and fiber ed

• b ( Lo ) = 2 . b ( ↳ = 3 ( k 1 )

M ( k = 2 m )

• g ( ↳ = | 3 3 m m + + 3 l ( ( k k = = 6 6 m m + + 1 5 . ) 6 m + 3 )

・ We Can easilyobtc.in the mini mol genus Hat S e tert

Surface of h from SI

.

(21)

Proof ( ou Him )

キ、

Lk

Competition s using the result of Aid 10,20191

.

: altemating.cl

※ 踝 - - '

𩻄 - - 𩻄 -

(22)

g ( ↳

, h : fiber ed

: Iink , alt ) : Alexander pdynomid of L

.

L em [ Kodama

-

T

.

20221

「 k 0 , deg ( t ) = k + 1 and ) : mon ic

𩻄 "

~ Complete thesetert Matrix

.

Fact 1 ( to well , 19591.1 Murasugi , 19583.1 Murasugi , 1 9 6 3 ]

L : non

-

Split a Her voting Iink

・ deg I ) = 2 g ( L ) + # L

-

1 , L : fibered Minori c

.

(23)

b し ↳

: Iink , alt ) : Alexander pdynomid of L

.

L em [ Kodama

-

T

.

20221

「 k 0 , deg ( t ) = k + 1 and LX : mon ic

𩻄 "

~ Complete thesetert Matrix

.

Fact [ Murasugi , 1 9 9 1 ]

L : non

-

Split a Her voting fibered Iink

HL ) = dL )

-

deg I ) + 1

.

(24)

Se tert Surface

Le : Iink , alt ) : Alexander pdynomid of L

.

L em [ Kodama

-

T

.

20221

「 k 0 , deg ( t ) = k + 1 and LX : mon i c

.

(

! : mini and genus

~ Complete thesetert Matrix

.

HS 。 ( お

" ' . k + 1 = 2 9 ( S 。 はが # L

-

1

i.gl S ( ) = g ( L )

参照

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