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Evaluation of the Method to Present the Walkable Area to Visual Impaired People by Flooring Materials with Different Touch Properties HARA, Toshiaki

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Evaluation of the Method to Present the Walkable Area to Visual Impaired People by Flooring Materials with

Different Touch Properties

(2)

1 ...1

1-1 ...1

1-2 ...3

1-2-1 ...3

1-2-2 ...3

1-2-3 ...5

1-2-4 ...6

1-2-5 ...9

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1-3-1 ...12

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1-4-1 ...16

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1-6 ...19

2 ...21

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2-2-2 ...22

2-2-3 ...24

2-2-4 GB ...25

2-2-5 GB ...25

2-2-6 GB ...27

2-3 ...27

2-4 ...28

2-4-1 ...28

2-4-2 GB ...29

2-5 ...29

(3)

3-2 ...32

3-2-1 ...32

3-2-2 ...32

3-2-3 ...33

3-2-4 GB ...34

3-2-5 ...34

3-2-6 ...35

3-2-7 ...35

3-3 ...35

3-4 ...36

3-5 ...39

4 ...40

4-1 ...40

4-2 ...41

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4-2-2 ...41

4-3 ...42

4-4 ...44

4-4-1 ...44

4-4-2 ...45

4-5 ...46

5 ...47

5-1 ...47

5-2 ...48

5-2-1 ...48

5-2-2 ...49

5-2-3 ...51

5-2-4 GB ...52

5-2-5 ...53

5-3 ...53

5-4 ...55

5-4-1 ...55

5-4-2 ...55

5-4-3 ...56

5-5 ...66

(4)

6-1 ...67

6-2 ...68

6-2-1 ...68

6-2-2 ...68

6-2-3 ...71

6-3 ...75

6-3-1 ...75

6-3-2 ...75

6-3-3 ...77

6-3-4 ...79

6-4 ...79

6-4-1 ...79

6-4-2 ...80

6-4-3 ...82

6-4-4 ...84

6-5 ...85

6-5-1 ...85

6-5-2 C.S.R. ...85

6-5-3 ...86

6-6 ...86

7 ...87

7-1 ...87

7-2 ...89

7-3 ...90

8 ...92

...94

...101

(5)

1

1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-5 1-6

______________________________________________________________________________

1-1

1967 1)

2001 JIS T9251 2) 2012

3 ISO235993)

(6)

2

1-1-1 2)

4) 7

5)

6,7)

8,9,10)

(7)

11) 12)

1-2

1-2-1

visual disorder) visual impairment

visual disability visual

handicap

13)

1-2-2

blindness partial sight

(8)

amblyopia low vision

14)

1-2-2-1

1-2-2-1 15)

2 2

1909

5 1 1

1.0

60 70 60 70

4)

(9)

16)

1-2-3

2005 1 2,034

17)

20.7 19.0 13.7 9.1

7.8 60

1-2-3-1

(10)

1-2-4

2006 18)

1-2-4-1 1-2-4-4 1-2-4-1 1-2-4-2

2006 310,000 8.9

1-2-4-1 70 49.4

60.0 65 1-2-4-2

65 58.3 70

94.9

1-2-4-1

1 2 62

0 1-2-4-3 19)

29.3%

10.6%

6.3 ( 1-2-4-4

33.6%

1-2-4-2

18)

(11)

1-2-4-2 18)

1-2-4-1 18)

(12)

1-2-4-3 18)

1-2-4-4 18)

(13)

1-2-4-2 19)

1-2-5

20)

14 1 21)

22)

(veering tendency) 23)

(14)

24)

25)

360

26)

50

27)

1-2-6

28)

29)

30) 2006 12 20

31) 2005

(15)

32)

33)

1-2-7

26 34)

35)

36) 37)

38) 39)

40)

41)

42,43)

44)

45) 46)

47)

48) 49)

50)

51) 52)

53)

54)

(16)

56,57)

58,59)

60)

61)

62)

63)

64)

65)

1-3

1-3-1

2)

1-3-1-1a 1-3-1-1b

66) 1-3-1-1c

(17)

1-3-2

1967 1)

1967 3 18 2 230

1967 1975

1973 2.

67) 1985

68)

1-3-3

69)

2000 3 1996

TR T 0006 : 1999

70,71)

1-3-1-1b

1-3-1-1a 1-3-1-1c

(18)

2000 JIS 2001 9 JIS T 9251 : 2001

2)

JIS 1980

2010 6 JIS JIS

2012

3 ISO23599 3)

ISO

1-3-4 JIS

72)

73)

66)

32)

74)

75)

76)

77)

78) 79)

(19)

6,7)

KOBAYASHI 8,9,10)

S.B. Thies 80)

81)

2mm

82)

83)

1-3-5

2

7)

46%

84)

300mm 800mm

85)

8)

81)

2mm

2000 29)

(20)

1-4

1-4-1

1-4-1-1 BIG-I

380mm

1-4-1-2 BIG-I

1

1-4-1-3

1-4-1-4 2

3

(21)

1-4-1-1 86, 87)

1-4-1-2 BIG-I 88)

(22)

1-4-1-4 90)

1-4-2

49,50,91)

92)

3

93)

94)

1-5

(23)

1-6

1

2

3 2

2

3 3 2

4 3

5

6

(24)

7 2 6 8

(25)

2

2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5

1

3

4 2

______________________________________________________________________________

2-1

1

11) 12)

(26)

2-2

2-2-1

10 5 5 21.4 SD 1.3

2-2-2

SONY NW-E103 (

ATH-F3

3 4

4 3640mm 600mm

2

(27)

7280mm

2

4 4 16

3 2300mm 2800mm 3300mm

2-2-2-1

50 2

72 144

2-2-2-1

(28)

2-2-2-2

2-2-3

300mm

4 2-2-3-1

2-2-3-1

SM300-JU

INAX LGS-300 RK22

GA4002

(29)

2-2-3-1

2-2-3-1

2-2-4 GB

GB 95)

GB 1m

2-2-5 GB

1m

GB

GB VICON612 VICON

12 CCD

Laboratory Coordinate System xyz 100Hz

CCD

(30)

1 2

1 2000 1mm

(global coordinate system)

DLT(Direct Liner Transformation) 20)

2-2-5-2 2-2-5-1

(31)

2-2-6 GB

GB 2-2-6-1

2-2-6-1 GB

2-3

2-3-1 4

2-3-1

(32)

A B

F(3,27) 18.385 <0.01 ES=0.671 (F(3,27)=16.930 <0.01 ES=0.653)

(F(9,81)=29.427 <0.01 ES=0.766)

F(3,27) 3.657 <0.05 ES=0.289

F(3,27) 28.074 <0.01 ES=0.757

F(3,27) 33.177 <0.01 ES=0.787

F(3,27) 24.469 <0.01 ES=0.731 F(3,27)

43.887 <0.01 ES=0.830

2-3-1

GB GB

( 2-3-2) GB

0.76

2-3-2 GB

2-4

2-4-1

(33)

50%

50% 50%

100 75

52

32 75

75

100

2-4-2 GB

GB GB

GB

2-5

(34)

2

10

GB

(35)

3

3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5

3 2

______________________________________________________________________________

3-1

(36)

3-2

3-2-1

10 5 5 21.6 SD 1.91

2

3-2-2

2

2

3

3 3 9

(37)

50 3

6 54 108

3-2-2-1

3-2-3

300mm 3

3-2-3-1

TS-0101F

TS-0201F

(38)

GA4002

3-2-3-1

3-2-3-1

3-2-3-1

3-2-4 GB

2 2-2-5 GB 3-2-4-1

3-2-4-1 GB

3-2-5

(39)

C.S.R. 96)

3-2-6

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F F= N

VICON612

VICON (AMTI)

3-2-7

3-2-7-1

3-2-7-1

3-3

3-3-1 3

A B

A F(2,18)=10.229 <0.01 ES=0.532

B F(2,18)=17.700 <0.01 ES=0.663 F(4,36)=5.867

<0.01 ES=0.395

(40)

<0.05 ES=0.439 F(2,18)=7.585 <0.01 ES=0.457 F(2,18)=6.485 <0.05 ES=0.419

3-3-1

3-3-1

3-4

2

90%

(41)

80

5

3-4-1

A B

C C

F(1,8)=391.061 <0.01 ES=1.000 A B F(1,8)=15.185

<0.01 ES=0.925 A B C F(1,8)=13.773 <0.05 ES=0.900

3-4-1

50%

80%

0% 10

100%

2

3-4-2

3-4-2a

3-4-2b

(42)

3-4-1

3-4-2

(43)

3-5

3 2

2

(44)

4

4-1 4-2 4-3 4-4 4-5

______________________________________________________________________________

4-1

(45)

1

4-2

4-2-1

6 4 2 48.5 SD 9.61

30 4-2-1-1

4-2-1-1

4-2-2

(46)

3

3 1

2 3

1

4-3

4-3-1 3

80%

94%

A

B A

F(2,10)=1.386 n.s. B F(2,10) =2.210 n.s.

F(4,20)=2.284 n.s. 3

4-3-2

(47)

2

2.40 0.09 2.72 0.09

F(5,25)=2.282 n.s. 3

4-3-1

(48)

4-3-2

4-4

4-4-1

80%

94%

100%

6 2

11) 3

(49)

4-4-2

3

480mm97) 1440mm

76) 900mm

1.5

75)

1

900mm

300mm 1200mm 4-4-2-1

1440mm

(50)

4-5

3

8 3

(51)

5

5-1 5-2 5-3 5-4 5-5

4 2

______________________________________________________________________________

5-1

(52)

1

5-2

5-2-1

10 5 5 46.18 SD 12.78

10

59 5-2-1-1

5-2-1-1

(53)

5-2-2

Creative

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3

JIS 5

900mm

9 8,100mm

5

A

B B A

4 5 6 7 8

5 5-2-2-1

50%

1 20 4 5 1

20 1 5

(54)

80

3 1

2 3

1

5-2-2-1

(55)

5-2-2-2

5-2-3

300mm 5

5-2-3-1

TS-0101F

TS-0201F GA4002

Astroface Soft SM300-JU

(56)

5-2-3-1

5-2-3-1

5-2-4 GB

2 2-2-5 GB 5-2-4-1

5-2-4-1 GB

(57)

5-2-5

3 3-2-6 5-2-5-1

5-2-5-1

5-3

5-3-1

A B

A F(1,1.471)=16.455 <0.01 ES=0.646 B

F(1,9)=6.572 <0.05 ES=0.422

F(1.513,13.617)=3.539 n.s. A

B

5-3-1

5-3-2

10 5 5

3

A B

(58)

ES=0.996 A F(2,18)=2.731 n.s.

F(2,18)=3.058 n.s.

5-3-1

5-3-2

(59)

5-4

5-4-1

8

2

9

8

5-4-2

4

2 480mm

98) 960mm 4

1 480mm

3

(60)

64)

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40)

98)

40)

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6

1 100) 2 (4mm) 3 (128Hz ) 4

5 6 5-4-3-1

(61)

5-4-3-1 Von Frey Filament99)

(62)

5-4-3-1

(63)
(64)
(65)
(66)
(67)
(68)

5-4-3-2

5-4-3-3

A B

(F(1,3)=145.230 <0.01 ES=0.980)

F(2,6)=3.234 n.s. F(2,6)=2.919 n.s.

5-4-3-2

(69)

5-4-3-3

(70)

5-5

4 JIS

2

(71)

6

6-1 6-2 6-3 6-4 6-5 6-6

4

1.4mm

______________________________________________________________________________

6-1

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KEYENCE LLK-500 0.50m/s 3

6-2-2-1-1

94)

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C.S.R. Coefficient of Slip Resistance

96)

BPN British Pendulum Number

C.S.R. JIS

100)

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1 C.S.R.

(74)

C.S.R.

C.S.R. C.S.R. ONO PPSM

30c 20 kg 18

20kg 18

JIS C.S.R.

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23.5 SD 2.1 7

42.7 SD 5.21

(76)

6-2-3-1-1

6-2-3-1-2

(77)

6-2-3-2

10 7

3

1) 6-2-3-2-1a

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6-2-3-2-1

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900mm

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1800mm

6-2-3-3-1 20cm

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6-2-3-3-2

(79)

6-3

6-3-1

4

10

4

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a TS c

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6-3-1-1

6-3-2

C.S.R. 6-3-2-1

(80)

6-3-2-1

(1) (2)

(3) (4) C.S.R.

(5)

(81)

6-3-3

C.S.R.

6-3-3-1 6-3-3-2

2

6-3-3-2 10

6-3-3-1

C.S.R.

6-3-3-1

(82)

6-3-3-2

(1) (2)

(3) C.S.R. (4) C.S.R.

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(83)

6-3-4

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0.5mm 2mm

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(3) C.S.R. (4) C.S.R.

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(88)

6-4-4

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R ver2 13 6-4-4-1 3

6-4-4-1

6-4-4-1

(89)

6-5

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1m/s 2step/s 0.5m

3 5

6-4-4-1 1.4mm

1.4mm

6-5-2 C.S.R.

C.S.R.

93) C.S.R.

30 20kg

1cm 0.2 0.3kg

C.S.R.

C.S.R.

2 C.S.R. 0.2

100) C.S.R.

C.S.R.

(90)

6-5-3

6-6

2 1 4mm

(91)

7

7-1 7-2 7-3

3

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______________________________________________________________________________

7-1

(92)

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1) : 1983 2) JIS T 9251

2001

3) ISO23599 Assistive products for blind and vision-

walking surface indicators International Organization for Standardization 2012 4)

1993 5) E&C

1998

6) OT 33

pp.839-pp844 1999

7) 2002

8)

C 69(681) pp86-pp92 2003

9) Yoshiyuki KOBAYASHI Takamichi TAKASHIMA Mieko HAYASHI Hiroshi FUJIMOTO Gait Analysis of People Walking on Tactile Ground Surface

Indicators IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 13(1)pp53-pp59 2005

10)

C 72 720

pp2574-pp2579 2006

11) 2001 12)

7 pp33-pp38 2008

13) 1997

14)

http://www.jslrr.org/page/guideline 2012

15) 5 15 1950

16)

pp73-pp76 2013

(99)

17)

17 2005

18) 18

2006

19) 13

2001

20) pp44-pp207

1997

21) 14 1 1960

22)

34 2 pp140-pp146 1994

23) Direction Judgment of Blind Travelers in

Straight Walking under Controlled Environment 1988

24) 1999

25) 1997

26)

pp78-pp80 1983

27) , , NO.119

pp59-pp63 2003

28) 2006

29)

2000 30)

1993

31) 2005

32)

502 pp179-pp186 1997

33) 25

2013 34)

pp179-pp180 1988

35) 2

pp919-pp920 1979

(100)

pp921-pp922 1979 37)

pp1397-pp1398 1979

38) 5

pp1231-pp1232 1980

39)

3 -

pp1308-pp1311 1997

40) -

1 pp1041-pp1044 2006

41)

50 pp324-pp325 1999

42)

pp149-pp150. 1998

43) -

1998 44)

pp32-pp37 1999 45)

pp477-pp478 1997 46)

9) pp415-pp416

2002 47)

641 pp1531-pp1538 2009

48)

ECOMO pp143-pp174 2011

49)

pp487-pp488 2005 50)

(101)

pp489-pp490 2005

51) - -

pp891-pp892 1995

52) 1

pp473-pp474 1998 53)

pp943-pp944 2005 54)

2006 55)

pp1743-pp1744 1983

56) : ECOMO

pp5-pp44 2012 57)

96 pp233-pp241 2012

58)

40 1994

59) 2

48 2 pp359-pp373 2000

60) , -

- 614 pp105-pp112 2007

61)

pp96-pp97 2009 62)

1 ,

pp65-pp66 1997

63) , -

611 pp75-pp82 2007

64)

57(6) pp418-pp424 2006 65)

(102)

13 pp73-pp76 2013

66)

2 38 pp478-pp479 2002

67) 2

1973

68) 1985

69)

528 pp47-pp52 2000 70)

1998

71) JIS TRT 0006

1999 72)

Vol.43No.3 pp172-pp179 2007

73)

pp123-pp124 2007 74)

pp151-pp152 1997

75) 12

2000 76)

2005

77) 2

pp475-pp476 1998

78)

pp481-pp482 1998 79)

pp595-pp596 2000

80) S.B.Thies L.P.J.Kenney D.Howard C.Nester M.Oemerod R.Newton R.Baker M.Faruk H.MacLennan Biomeghanics for inclusive design: Effects of tactile paving older adults' gait when crossing the street Journal of Biomechanics44

(103)

2011 81)

No.627 44 pp67-pp76 1999

82)

1 661 pp551-pp557 2011

83)

pp843-pp844 2006 84)

2001 85)

3 pp59-pp61 2003

86)

9 pp92-pp98 2009

87)

13(2) ppA1-ppA13 2011

88) -

43 pp5-pp7 2004

89) -

27 pp48-pp55 2008

90) , : - -

177 pp32-pp33 2012

91)

3 pp491-pp492 2005

92)

pp355-pp356 2000 93)

1 72 pp23-pp30

2007

94) ,

2 73

pp1063-pp1070 2008

(104)

95) pp34-pp38 1996

96) 20 240

pp.35-pp62 1995

97) -

- 22 pp119-pp131 1992

98) 2004

99) 29

1992 100)

2012

101) yukatokken.com

(105)

5 6

.

.

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Variational iteration method is a powerful and efficient technique in finding exact and approximate solutions for one-dimensional fractional hyperbolic partial differential equations..