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富 山 医 科 薬 科 大 学 看 護 学 会 誌 第³ 号 ^{2 00 0}

Stud _y o n C hildc a re a n d H o u s e w o rk b _y W o rkiⁿ _g C o u ple s (¹)

M its u e H O R II^l, M ay ^{u m} i I S H I D A²_, y uki k o O B A S H I³_, T o m o mi H A S E G A W A ^l

1scho ol of N u r sing ,T oy^{a m a} M edic al a nd P h a r m a c e utic al U niv e r si_{t y}

2 G r adu ate Sch o ol of N u r s l ng ^,T oy^{a m a} M edic al a nd ^Pha r m a c e utic al U ⁿiv e r s lt y

3T oy ^{a m a} M edic al a n d P ha r m a c e utic al U niv e r sitie s T e a ching H o sp^ltal

A b str a et

W ith r e c e ntin c r e a s ein the e m ploy ^{m e n}t r ate of w o m e n ,the n u m be r s of w o m e n w o rk ing

afte r f rla r riag^{e a n}d ha ving bab ie s a r ein c T e a Si_rlg ^. F _{o r} m a n age m e nt _oftheir w o rk a nd f^{a m} il_y life_, the hu sba nd^'s c o op^{e r a}tio n is ind isp ^{e n s a}ble. Studie s o n fathe r s h a v e be e n r e c e ntl_y in c r e a sing ,but they ^{a r e s}till a r ein s ufficie nt c o m p^{a r e}d to th o s e o n m othe r s.

In this stud_y, w ein v e stlg^ated thein v olv e m e nt of c o uple s a nd their ta sk sha r ein chil dc a r e a nd ho u s e w o rk u sing q ^{u e s}tio n n air e s of 1 3 5 c o uple s w ho s e chil dr e n w e r e c a r ed fo r in 3

n u r s e rie s in T oy^{a m a} P r efe ctu r e

, a nd a n al_y z ed diffe r e n c e s in r e c ogⁿitio n bet w e e n fathe r s a nd m othe r s.

O f the w o m e n in their 3 0s who c a r ed fo r their ch il dr e n , the tr aditio n al c o n c ep t of

‖G E^N D E R ^‖ (hu sba nd ‑ d^{o m}in a n c e_, m a n‑ d^{o m}in a n c e, w o rk fo r m e n a nd ho u s e w o rk fo r w o m e n) w a s c o n si de r ed to be

t '

w r o ng

‖in 31 .9 % ,

■'

p ^{a r}tiall_y ri_ght^{' ■}in 5 9^.3 % ,

' '1a rg^el_y ri_ght^{' '}in

7^.4 % _, a nd ^{‑ '}ri_ght^‖in 1^.5 % ^. T heir w o rking t y p^{e s w e r e} p^{a r}t‑^tim ej^{obs (2 6 .2 %), s elf‑e m ploy m e nt} (l l^.1 %) , a nd full‑^tim ej^{obs (6 2.2 %) . A fte r day} n u r s e rie s, s o m e w o m e n a sked their m othe r‑ in^‑la w o r o w n m othe r to c a r e fo r their chil dr e n

, a nd a s m all n u m be r of m othe r utiliz ed p ^{r o}lo ng ^ed c a r ein the n u r s e rie s ,

H u sba nds w e r efo u nd to be m o r ein v olv ed in play^{l n}g ^{a n}d chatting ^with ch ildr e n, c ud dling ^,

s e ndⁱⁿg the ch il dr e n to the n u r s e rie s a nd c olle cting, a nd shop p^{l n}g tha n in o rde r childc a r e a nd h o u s ehol d w o rk , but n o n e of the m r e a ched thele v els that their wiv e s e xp ^{e c}ted ^.

K ey ^{w o r}ds

B eha vio r of w o rk ing ^{c o u}ple s, ch ildc a r e by hu sba nd ,ho u s e w o rk b_y hu sba nd_, beh a vio r of hu sba nd e xp ^{e c}ted b_y wife

Intr odu etio n

W ith r e c e nt in c r e a sing p ^{a r}tic lp^atio n of

w o m e n in p^ublic affair s a nd a de c r e a s e in the n u mbe r ofch il dr e n p ^{e r w o m e n}in Jap^{a n} ,cir c u m ^‑ sta n c e s of chⁱl dc a r e ha v e be e n c o n si de r abl_y

cha ng^{l n}g ^{, a n}d hu sba nds a r e e xp^{e c}ted to p^{e r}fo r m chil dc a r e a n d ho u s e w o rk ^.

In the s e cir c u m sta n c e s

, stud ie s o n fathe r s

ha v e be e nin c r e a sing ^. F uj^{iw a r a et all).indic ated}

that o n e fa cto r affe cting hu sba nds

' beha vio r s of ch il dc a r e a nd ho u s e w o rk w a s e m ploy ^{m e n}t

of their wife, a nd r ep ^{o r}ted that h u sba nds di d

m o r e ho u s e w o rk in fa milie s whe r e their wife

had aj^{ob a nd that cbildc a r e a nd h}o u s e w o rk bv hu sba nds w e r e m o r e e xpe cted bv their wife.

In the p ^{r e s e n}t stud_y , w e s u r v ey^ed w o rking ^{c o}

uple s who s e ch il dr e n w e r e c a r ed fo rin 3 n u r s e rie sin T oy ^{a m a} P r efe ctu r e_, a nd a n al_yz ed the p

r oble m s of chil dc a r e a nd ho u s e w o rk b_y u sing q^{u e s}tio n n air e s.

M et h ods

Ⅰ. Subj^{e ct}

T he s ubj^{e cts w e r e 315 c o u}ple s who s e ch il dr e n w e r e c a r ed fo r^･in H a nd K n u r s e rie sin T oy ^{a m a} C i_{t y} a nd in M n u r s e ry in F u chu‑^{m a c}hi^.

Ⅱ. In v e sti g^atio n m eth ods

W e p^{r e}p ^{a r e}d t w o k ids of _qu e stio n n air e s , o n e

fo r fathe r s a nd the othe r fo r m othe r s. W ith

c o n s e nt of the he ad te a che r s of the n u r s e rie s,

w e e xplain ed ab o ut o u rin v e stlg ^atio n to p^{a r e n} ts at the tim e of s e nding their ch il dr e n to the n u r s e rie s. A fte r c o n s e nt w a s g^{l V e n} , W e a sked the m to a n s w e r 2 k inds of _q u e stio n n air e s a nd to r etu r n the m to a c olle ctio n bo x within 2

w e eks.

Ⅲ. In v e stig^atio n ite m s

The in v e sti_g atio n ite m s fo r hu sba nds w e r e

the ag^{e s o}f the c o uple

, fa mil_{y t y p}e, d w elling t y p^e, e m ploy ^{m e n}t t y p ^e, tim e in the ho u s e,

c o m m e nts o n birth of their babie s, a nd th e

fr eq ^{u e n c}y ^of cbildc a r e a nd h o u s e w o rk they do_, which w e r e to be a n s w e r ed ite m b_y Ite m b_y

cho o sing fr o m

' '

alw ay^{s ,}

t ■

s o m etim e s

'' ,

‑'

o c c a‑

11

sio n all_y ^‖_, a nd ^{‑ '}n e v e r

‑ ‑ .

T he in v e sti_gatio n ite m s fo r wiv e s w e r e the

p r e s e n c e o r abs e n c e of e m ploy ^{m e n}t,the p^{e r s o n}

wh o lo oks afte r their chil dr e n du ring ^{w o r}k ,

the a ctu al a nd e xpe cted fr eq ^{u e n c}y ^of their

h u sba nd^'s ch il dc a r e a nd ho u s e w o rk ( ^{s a m e} ite m s a sin the q^{u e s}tio n n air e fo r h u sb a nds) ^to

be a n s w e r ed b_y 4 _g r ade s

, a nd their vie w s abo ut ^‖G E N D E R ^‖. T he statistic al d iffe r e n c e s w e r e a n aly z ed bv du ring t‑^{te st.}

R e s ults

T he q ^{u e s}tio n n air e s w e r e a n s w e r ed b_y 1 3 5 ^of 3 15 c o uple s (4 9^.2 %)^. O f the 15 5 c o uple s, wiv e s of 13 5 c o uple s w e r e e m ploy^ed ^. T w elv e c o uple s of wh ich the wiv e s w e r e n ot e m ploy ^ed w e r e e x cluded be c a u s e of the s m all n u m be r.

T he effe ctiv e c olle ctio n r ate w a s 4 2^.8 % ^.

Ⅰ. Ba ck_gr o u nd

(1) A _ge : H u sba nd, 3 5^.0 ^±4^.9 _ye a r s;W ife, 3 2^.4

±4 ^.2 _ye a r s

(2) Fa mil_{y t y p}e : N u cle a rfa mil_y,4 3^.7 % _;E xte nded fa mil_y,5 6 ^.3 %

(3) D w elling t y p^{e :}D eta ch ed h o u s e, 8 1^.0 % ;

M ultisto ried ap^{a r}tm e nt,1 9 ^.0 %

(4) D w elling ^{e n v}ir o n m e nt:R u r al a r e a s,23 ^.1 %_; U rba n r e si de ntial a r e a s, 7 2^.4 % ;Othe r s,4^.5 % (5) E m ploy ^{m e n}t c o nditio n : W o rk e nds at

r eg^ula r tim e_,4 3^.2 % (6 0 _pe r s o n s) ;W o rk e nds atir r eg^ula rti m e _,4 8^.2 % (6 7 p e r s o n s)

(6) T im e at ho m e hu sba nds o n w e ek day^{s :} M e a n , l l^.3 ^±2 ^.9 ho u r s ( ト2 0 ho u r s)_; Le s s

tha n 5 ho u r s

,3 ^.8 % (5 _p e r s o n)_;5 ‑10 h o u r s

,

2 6 %

富 山 医 科 薬 科 大 学 看 護 学 会 誌 第³ 号 ^{2 00 0}

(7) T im e at ho m e of h u sb a nds o n day^{s o}ff:

M e a n _,19 ^.0 ± 4 .9 ho u r s

(8) E m ploy ^{m e n}t of wi右^{e s a n}d its t y p^{e :} A ll

wiv e s had aj^{ob . T he e m ploy m e nt t y pe s'w e r e}

pa rt ^‑tim e (3 6 ^wiv e s

,2 6 .2 %) ,s elf‑^{e m} ploy ^{m e n}t

(1 5 wiv e s, l l.1 %) , a nd full‑^tim e j^{obs (8 4}

wiv e s_, 6 2 ^.2 %) ^. O f the 8 4 full‑^tim e m othe r s,

4 2 finished their w o rk at a r eg^ula r tim e_, while the othe r s alw ay^{s w o r}ked afte r e nding

r eg^ula r tim e a s w ell_, w o rked o n Su nday^s,

w o rked in 2nd‑ ^{o r} 3rd ^‑shifts

, w e r e r e s e a r che r s o r stude nts, o r c o ul d n ot c o m e ba ck ho m e at

托eding O q ngJ

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rq di^ap^{q s}

叫 ^r唱^Clot he s Pun ing t^obed α)vering ^wit h ahuto n ard c ar] ng

fo^r c ry^{l n}g ^Ch il d a( n ajg ht Se nding t h^{e c}hil d tot 旭 nu rs 訂ic s

u ld pi^ckirg t h^{e m u}p C LJd dlirq

OⅦlt ir唱^Wit h chi一d

PIayi 咽 ^Wit h child 伽くirq

W a shing q ^{e a n]}g

S h q pi^rg

C 加1 VerS alio n abcut ch il(ねare C bn v q s atio n abot^ sLq ^{e CtS}

ot 旭rt 拍m chil dcu e C bn vers aliα1 abcLA ch ildren

( br℃ ern about wife^●she alt h

r eg ^ula r e nding ti m e be c a u s e of m a n ag^{e m e n}t

j^{obs o r o utsi de dutie s, The m othe r s who c o uld}

n ot c a r efo r their chil dr e n afte r day n u r s e rie s utiliz ed _pr olo ng^ed c a r e in the n u r s e rie s o r a sked their m othe r‑iⁿ‑l^{a w o r o w n m ot}he r to c a r e fo r their ch il dr e n.

Ⅱ. F r eq^{u e n c}ie s of ehil de a r e a n d ho u s e w o rk p ^{e r}fo r m ed b_{y t}h e h u sba nds a nd th efr eq ^‑

u e n cie s e x p^{e c}ted b_{y t}he wiv e s

(1) T he a ctu al state of affair s of beh a vio r b_y hu sba nd ^. T he r e s ults w e r e a s F i_g ^.1^,

Doing

a一w ay^{s s o m e}ti m e s o c c a si onall y ^never(^%)

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43.0 ^至 1.5

Fi_g.1.T he pe r c e ntag^{e c}hird^{c a r e a n}d ho u s e w o rk _pe rfo r m ed b_{y t}he h u sba nd s