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(1)Perpendicular Anisotropy in Nickel Films By. Hiroshi KONNO and Yosuo GONDO" DePartment of Pdysics. ttttt tttttt (Received April 30, 1964) ' t tt The uniaxial magnetic anisotropy with its easy axis perpendicular to the film plane has been observed in, nickel films by use of the torsion pendulum magnetometer.i) We can determinetheanisotropy constant Kh,. by comparing two magnetization curves of the specimen, one is measured along the plane of film, the other is -done along the direction perpendicular to the plane.. Nickel films are deposited onto microscope cover glass from a heated tungsten wire. The substrate temperature was chosen for each run of de-. position between room temperature and about 2000C. The experimental results show that there is a large Kh,. of the order of 106 erg/cm3 in the films which has been deposited onto substrates kept ' at room temperature (Fig. 1). And Kh,. strongly depends on the substrate temperature T, during deposition, that is, K,.fu7×105 erg/cm3 for T, :1000C, Kh,."-'-O.6×105 erg/cm3 for T,"-'-1500C,. 1<h,. :02×105 erg/cm3 for T,f:2000C, as shown in Fig. 2t-vFig. 4.. The composition dependence of Kl,. about permalloy series was examined, The property of having the large Kl,.. decreases rapidly with increasing the concentration of iron, and it has been lost at the composition of 18%Fe-Ni829/o,. at which composition the magnetostriction constant is almost zero (Fig. 5). Thus we can conclude that this perpendicular anisotropy is a result of the existence of strain in conjunction with negative-magnetostriction in the film. From this point of view we can estimate a large isotropic tensile stress of about 1.95×10iOdyn/cm2 in th.e film described in Fig. 1, by use of the magnetostriction constant of bulk nickel, -34×10-". This result agree with that of NEuGEBAuER's,2' which was obtained from the nickel film deposited in the. ultra-high vacuum. ,/,.. The magnetization in a magnetic film has been used to be considered as. directed in the plane of the film for its large shape anisotropy. ii ;;But when Kh,.. of. a film is larger than the shape anisotropy constant of the fi1th, 2zM2 (1.5×106. erg/cm3 for nickel film), the magnetization of the fiim must'-'be.directed per- .ttt magnetization pendicular to the plane of the film. Actually, the perpendicular. tt t'. '. " Temporarily at Minneapolis-Honeywell Research Center, Minnesota U,S,A..

(2) H. KoNNo and Y. GoNDO. J2. x...->Ge,.x'Sr'g'i9￡.-s?-O' reCM-×.-xO"?ScTKK>,t... 1,O. /,･yO/ ''Nk',V,'N'i56orsk., ij･･. Ms '. n -1soc. O.5. /. o/gl16oi. /. 24 H KOe. x. 8. 6. 10. Fig, 1,. ' o M. fpt-kcr-6. -ni. 1.0. 2tKX. tz th. ,. o :--e-"v.ptac-. 4rcMs. ,a /. e Ni 605A. as. Ku,--- 7× 1o52tqi6ms. Tls -- Iooac. k. o H`f2fiLm. ,x Hxfum. x. o. 8 10 Q 2 4 HKo,6 Fig. 2. , '. ' 1.0. M Ns O,5. o. pt.' 'W..' 4'Xig-xFNi Xe 715A ･ if/ ' ･･ ./ 'Ku:--O.6×1052tZkm5 ,>Z' -Ils･-1500C .. /･ ･-･ ,･ ><fx '' ' '' .1, , ･,.. ' '. tt. '. irO '="2 4 6･'8 10 -' ' H KOe. Fiig. 3..

(3) PerpendicuSar Anisotropy in Nickel Films. 1,O. Q. ..". '. o . --pTo0. e. 7ctpa･--t. O ft,,, .,￡--9t--o-ot-E-zrt-. be. M. Ni 89 2,Z,. .,,･g'. rk----･ --. /. x/. x'. KuL--O,Zxl05erskms 1'S --2000C. xlx. O.5. '13. / x. /. o. 2468 10. x. o. H KOe. ×. Fig. 4.. 1.0. O-v-OTOOD.Ov"O-"tr-7or-or.-CX--O--O.-.O-.CF-orO--O-ruwh-CleP.nt. isthfe-Ni tosoA sc.g /. ll Ms. zz -v1ooOd. /. O.5. o. -. !. y4(. vSs! :. "yt. xZ. "e!. x-! x.K"! . DH4fiL'm xH.LfiLm. x/!O2468 ' 11 KOe. Fig. 5.. 10-. must be divided into domains, so that the demagnetizing factor of the perpen-. dicular direction AiL become lower than 4T. Assuming that the domain width is approximately equal to the film thickness, A71,. is less than 2z. Then we can consider that the perpendicularly magnetized domain must exist in the film whose K,. and film thickness are larger than some adequate ones. The films presented in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are considered to have such domains 'because of their large Kh,-,, and the fact that the remanence magnetization in. the film plane is almost zero also suggests the existence of them,. We can see in another investigation by use of a magnetic-torque meter that the films expected to have such a domain structure are also the films possessing the effect of the rotatable anisotropy.3). The authors are grateful for helpful encouragement of the late Prof. Z,. FuNAToGAwA. This investigation was partly supported by the Scientific Research Funds from the Ministry of Education.. L.

(4) 14.. H. KoNNo and Y. GoND6. References 1). 2) 3). Y. GoND6 and H. KoNNo: Sci. Rep. Yokohama Nat. Univ. Sec. I No. 8 C･ A･ NEuGEBAuER: Phys. Rev. 116 (1959) 1441. H. KoNNo: in this issue of Sci. Rep. Yokohama [Nat. Univ.. (1961) 23..

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