ࢆఏ࠼ࡿሙ㠃ࢆ୰ᚰ̿ ⛅⏣Ꮫ Ꮫ㝔་Ꮫ⣔◊✲⛉་Ꮫᑓᨷែไᚚ་ Ꮫ⣔⢭⚄⛉Ꮫㅮᗙ 38㸦2㸧 57-61
䝖 䝷 䜴 䝬 䛾 ᵓ 㐀 㛤 ♧ 䛜 ᚰ ㌟ 䛾 ᶵ ⬟ 䛻 ཬ 䜌 䛩 ᙳ 㡪
䇷እയᚋ䝇䝖䝺䝇ᛂ䜢⥔ᣢ䛥䛫䛶䛔䜛ಶே䛸䛭䛾➹グෆᐜ䛾᳨ウ䇷
ῦ᫂ᮤ1) బ⸨2)Effects of structured disclosure of trauma on physical and mental function:
An examination of individuals who have maintained posttraumatic stress
reactions and the written content.
Akari YUASA 1), and Kenji SATO 2)Abstract
The purposes of this study were to examine effects of written disclosure of trauma on physical and mental functions and the written content for the individuals who have maintained posttraumatic stress reactions (PTSR). The written disclosure was structured to take distance from the reactions of the trauma. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups and received three times of writing sessions of 20 minutes once a week: the structured disclosure group(n=6), the free disclosure group(n=4) and the control group(n=4). Although it was found that the degree of the distancing in the structured disclosure group was higher than those of the free disclosure and control groups, these difference䡏 were not statistically significant. The changes were not seen in PTSR and other health indexes before and after disclosure. The written content analyses suggested that the more cognitive words increased, the better the health was in only the structured disclosure group. At the same time, the more cognitive words increased, the stronger the subjective degree of the distress was aroused. To summarize the above, it was suggested that the procedures to take the distance from the reactions of the trauma in this study were not enough. Further examination of the instruction of structuring is needed in future. The result of this study was discussed by theoretical framework.
Key Words; trauma, posttraumatic stress reactions, structured disclosure
1)ᖹᡂ 25 ᖺᗘᚨᓥᏛᏛ㝔⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫᩍ⫱㒊⮫ᗋᚰ⌮Ꮫᑓᨷಟ Master䇻s degree in Clinical Psychology Studies, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Science, The University of Tokushima in 2014
ၥ㢟┠ⓗ ࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘ࡼࡗ࡚ⱞࡋࡴேࡀ࠸ࡿࠋᾏእ ࡛ࡣᩥⓗ⫼ᬒ࡞ࡽ᪩ࡃࡽྲྀࡾୖࡆ ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘࠸࠺ᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪 ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡶ1995 ᖺࡢ㜰⚄࣭ῐ㊰㟈⅏௨㝆㸪 እയయ㦂ࡑࡢᚋࡢᛂ㸪ࡑࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ ὀ┠ࡀ㞟ࡲࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ࠸ ࠺ 㸪 㛵 㐃 ࡢ ᝈ Posttraumatic Stress Disorder( ௨ ୗ PTSD)ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋDSM- IV -TR(APA, 2000)ࡢ PTSD ࡢデ᩿ᇶ‽࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕᐇ㝿ࡲ ࡓࡣ༴࠺ࡃṚࡠࡲࡓࡣ㔜യࢆ㈇࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ฟ ᮶(デ᩿ᇶ‽ A1)ࠖࢆయ㦂㸪ࡑࡢయ㦂ࡽ㸪 య㦂ᙜࠕᙉ࠸ᜍᛧ㸪↓ຊឤ㸪ࡲࡓࡣᡓុ ࢆక࠺(デ᩿ᇶ‽ A2)ࠖᛂࢆ⏕ࡌ㸪ࡲࡓయ 㦂ࡽ1 ࣨ᭶௨ୖ㛫ࡀ⤒㐣ࡋ࡚ࡶ(デ᩿ᇶ ‽E)㸪య㦂≧(デ᩿ᇶ‽ B)㸪ᅇ㑊≧(デ ᩿ᇶ‽ C)㸪㐣ぬ㓰≧(デ᩿ᇶ‽ D)ࢆ࿊ࡍ ࡿ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ὀ┠ࡍࡁࡣ㸪ᇶ‽ A ࡛ཎᅉ࡞ࡗࡓฟ᮶ࡢᛶ㉁㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ ࠕᐇ㝿ࡲࡓࡣ༴࠺ࡃṚࡠࡲࡓࡣ㔜ࢆ㈇ ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞࡛ࡁࡈࠖࡸࠕࡲࡓࡣேࡢ㌟య ࡢಖ㏕ࡿ༴㝤࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡇࡀつᐃࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡢᝈࡢデ᩿ᇶ‽࡛ ࡣ㸪ࡁࡗࡅࡢᛶ㉁ࡀᐃࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ ࡣ࡞ࡃ(๓⏣࣭Ụ, 2009)㸪≉Ṧ࡞デ᩿ᇶ‽ ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠼ࡿࠋ᭦ࡇࢀ㛵㐃ࡋ࡚㸪デ ᩿ᇶ‽A ‶ࡓ࡞࠸ฟ᮶࡛ࡶデ᩿ᇶ‽ B 㹼D ࡛ᐃࡵࡽࢀࡿᣢ⥆ⓗ࡞య㦂࣭ᅇ㑊࣭ ぬ㓰ஹ㐍࠸ࡗࡓ㔜⠜࡞እയᚋࢫࢺࣞࢫ ᛂ(Posttraumatic Stress Reaction㸪௨ୗ PTSR)ࢆ♧ࡍேࠎࡀ࠸ࡿࡇࡀᩘࠎࡢ◊✲ ࡛ᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤఀ⸨࣭㕥ᮌ(2009) ࡣᏛ⏕203 ྡࢆᑐ㇟ㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠸㸪య㦂 ࡋࡓฟ᮶ࡀࠕ⏕ࢆ⬣ࡍࡶࡢࠖࠕࡅࡀࠖ ࠕ㌟యಖࡢ⬣ጾࠖࡢ࠺ࡕ᭱పࢀ 1 ࡘ 㸪ࠕ᭱୰ࡸ┤ᚋᙉ࠸ᜍᛧឤ㸪↓ຊឤ㸪ᜍ ࢀࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࠖ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿฟ᮶࡛࠶ࡗ ࡓ࠺ࡼࡿPTSR ࡢᕪ␗ࢆ᳨ウࡋ㸪 PTSR ࢆ ᐃࡍࡿᑻᗘࡢ࢝ࢵࢺ࢜ࣇ࣏ࣥ ࢺࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ࠺࠸࠺ᇶ‽࡛ぢࢀࡤ㸪 ୧⪅ᕪࡀ࡞࠸ࡇࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ ࡇࡢPTSD デ᩿ᇶ‽ A ᇶ‽ࡢၥ㢟㛵㐃 ࡋ࡚Shapiro & Forrest(1997)ࡣ㸪ࠕࢺࣛ࢘ ࣐ࡢᡂ❧せ௳ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢฟ᮶ࡀ⏕ࢆ⬣ ࡍᛶ㉁ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡑ ࡢಶேᑐࡋ࡚ࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘ᛂࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍฟ ᮶ࡇࡑࡀࢺ࣐࡛ࣛ࢘࠶ࡿࠖࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪 ᮏ㑥࠾࠸࡚ࡶࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘ࢆ⊃⩏ࡢࡶࡢᗈ ⩏ࡢࡶࡢศࡅࡿࡇࡀฟ᮶ࡿ࠸࠺ᣦ ࡀࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋඛ⾜◊✲࠾࠸࡚ࡶᐙ᪘ࡸ ᜊឡ㛵ಀࡢၥ㢟㸪ࡣ㛵ࢃࡽ࡞࠸⮬ศ⮬ ㌟ࡢ་Ꮫⓗၥ㢟࠸ࡗࡓฟ᮶࡛ࡶ PTSR ࢆ ⏕ ࡌ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀ ሗ ࿌ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ(Gold, Marx, Soler-Baillo, & Sloan㸪2005)ࠋࡲࡓ ࢃࡀᅜ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪PTSD デ᩿ᇶ‽ A ࢆ‶ ࡓࡉ࡞࠸య㦂࡛ⱞ③ࢆ࿊ࡍࡿ⪅ࡀ࠸ࡿࡇ ࡀ᫂ࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ◊✲ࡣከࡃࡳࡽࢀࡿ (࠼ࡤ㸪బ⸨࣭ᆏ㔝㸪2001)ࠋ ࡇࢀࢆཷࡅ㸪బ⸨(2005)ࡼࡗ࡚ࢺࣛ࢘ ࣐ࢆ⊃⩏ࡢࡶࡢᗈ⩏ࡢࡶࡢศࡅࡿ ࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡀᥦࡉࢀࡓࠋ͆⊃⩏ࡢࢺࣛ࢘ ࣐͇ࡣ㸪DSM- IV -TR ࡢデ᩿ᇶ‽ A ࡢࡼ ࠺ࡑࡢᛶ㉁ࡣࠕᮏேࡲࡓࡣ⪅ࡢ⏕ࢆ ⬣ࡍࡼ࠺࡞༴㝤࡞ฟ᮶࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡘࡑ ࡢฟ᮶ࡢ᭱୰ࡸ┤ᚋᮏேᙉ࠸ᜍᛧឤ ࢆ࠼ࡿฟ᮶ࠖࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(㔠㸪2001㸹 బ⸨㸪2005)ࠋ୍᪉࡛͆ᗈ⩏ࡢࢺ࣐͇ࣛ࢘ࢆ బ⸨(2005)ࡣࠕయ㦂ᙜྠࡌᜍᛧࡸᛌ ឤࢆᙜヱಶேࡶࡓࡽࡋ⥆ࡅࡿฟ᮶ࠋฟ ᮶ࡢᛶ㉁ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ⏕ࢆ⬣ࡍ༴㝤࡞ ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪ࡑࡢฟ᮶ࡢ᭱୰ࡸ
ၥ㢟┠ⓗ ࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘ࡼࡗ࡚ⱞࡋࡴேࡀ࠸ࡿࠋᾏእ ࡛ࡣᩥⓗ⫼ᬒ࡞ࡽ᪩ࡃࡽྲྀࡾୖࡆ ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘࠸࠺ᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪 ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡶ1995 ᖺࡢ㜰⚄࣭ῐ㊰㟈⅏௨㝆㸪 እയయ㦂ࡑࡢᚋࡢᛂ㸪ࡑࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ ὀ┠ࡀ㞟ࡲࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ࠸ ࠺ 㸪 㛵 㐃 ࡢ ᝈ Posttraumatic Stress Disorder( ௨ ୗ PTSD)ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋDSM- IV -TR(APA, 2000)ࡢ PTSD ࡢデ᩿ᇶ‽࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕᐇ㝿ࡲ ࡓࡣ༴࠺ࡃṚࡠࡲࡓࡣ㔜യࢆ㈇࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ฟ ᮶(デ᩿ᇶ‽ A1)ࠖࢆయ㦂㸪ࡑࡢయ㦂ࡽ㸪 య㦂ᙜࠕᙉ࠸ᜍᛧ㸪↓ຊឤ㸪ࡲࡓࡣᡓុ ࢆక࠺(デ᩿ᇶ‽ A2)ࠖᛂࢆ⏕ࡌ㸪ࡲࡓయ 㦂ࡽ1 ࣨ᭶௨ୖ㛫ࡀ⤒㐣ࡋ࡚ࡶ(デ᩿ᇶ ‽E)㸪య㦂≧(デ᩿ᇶ‽ B)㸪ᅇ㑊≧(デ ᩿ᇶ‽C)㸪㐣ぬ㓰≧(デ᩿ᇶ‽ D)ࢆ࿊ࡍ ࡿ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ὀ┠ࡍࡁࡣ㸪ᇶ‽ A ࡛ཎᅉ࡞ࡗࡓฟ᮶ࡢᛶ㉁㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ ࠕᐇ㝿ࡲࡓࡣ༴࠺ࡃṚࡠࡲࡓࡣ㔜ࢆ㈇ ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞࡛ࡁࡈࠖࡸࠕࡲࡓࡣேࡢ㌟య ࡢಖ㏕ࡿ༴㝤࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡇࡀつᐃࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡢᝈࡢデ᩿ᇶ‽࡛ ࡣ㸪ࡁࡗࡅࡢᛶ㉁ࡀᐃࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ ࡣ࡞ࡃ(๓⏣࣭Ụ, 2009)㸪≉Ṧ࡞デ᩿ᇶ‽ ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠼ࡿࠋ᭦ࡇࢀ㛵㐃ࡋ࡚㸪デ ᩿ᇶ‽A ‶ࡓ࡞࠸ฟ᮶࡛ࡶデ᩿ᇶ‽ B 㹼D ࡛ᐃࡵࡽࢀࡿᣢ⥆ⓗ࡞య㦂࣭ᅇ㑊࣭ ぬ㓰ஹ㐍࠸ࡗࡓ㔜⠜࡞እയᚋࢫࢺࣞࢫ ᛂ(Posttraumatic Stress Reaction㸪௨ୗ PTSR)ࢆ♧ࡍேࠎࡀ࠸ࡿࡇࡀᩘࠎࡢ◊✲ ࡛ᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤఀ⸨࣭㕥ᮌ(2009) ࡣᏛ⏕203 ྡࢆᑐ㇟ㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠸㸪య㦂 ࡋࡓฟ᮶ࡀࠕ⏕ࢆ⬣ࡍࡶࡢࠖࠕࡅࡀࠖ ࠕ㌟యಖࡢ⬣ጾࠖࡢ࠺ࡕ᭱పࢀ1 ࡘ 㸪ࠕ᭱୰ࡸ┤ᚋᙉ࠸ᜍᛧឤ㸪↓ຊឤ㸪ᜍ ࢀࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࠖ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿฟ᮶࡛࠶ࡗ ࡓ࠺ࡼࡿPTSR ࡢᕪ␗ࢆ᳨ウࡋ㸪 PTSR ࢆ ᐃࡍࡿᑻᗘࡢ࢝ࢵࢺ࢜ࣇ࣏ࣥ ࢺࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ࠺࠸࠺ᇶ‽࡛ぢࢀࡤ㸪 ୧⪅ᕪࡀ࡞࠸ࡇࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ ࡇࡢPTSD デ᩿ᇶ‽ A ᇶ‽ࡢၥ㢟㛵㐃 ࡋ࡚Shapiro & Forrest(1997)ࡣ㸪ࠕࢺࣛ࢘ ࣐ࡢᡂ❧せ௳ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢฟ᮶ࡀ⏕ࢆ⬣ ࡍᛶ㉁ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡑ ࡢಶேᑐࡋ࡚ࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘ᛂࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍฟ ᮶ࡇࡑࡀࢺ࣐࡛ࣛ࢘࠶ࡿࠖࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪 ᮏ㑥࠾࠸࡚ࡶࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘ࢆ⊃⩏ࡢࡶࡢᗈ ⩏ࡢࡶࡢศࡅࡿࡇࡀฟ᮶ࡿ࠸࠺ᣦ ࡀࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋඛ⾜◊✲࠾࠸࡚ࡶᐙ᪘ࡸ ᜊឡ㛵ಀࡢၥ㢟㸪ࡣ㛵ࢃࡽ࡞࠸⮬ศ⮬ ㌟ࡢ་Ꮫⓗၥ㢟࠸ࡗࡓฟ᮶࡛ࡶ PTSR ࢆ ⏕ ࡌ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀ ሗ ࿌ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ(Gold, Marx, Soler-Baillo, & Sloan㸪2005)ࠋࡲࡓ ࢃࡀᅜ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪PTSD デ᩿ᇶ‽ A ࢆ‶ ࡓࡉ࡞࠸య㦂࡛ⱞ③ࢆ࿊ࡍࡿ⪅ࡀ࠸ࡿࡇ ࡀ᫂ࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ◊✲ࡣከࡃࡳࡽࢀࡿ (࠼ࡤ㸪బ⸨࣭ᆏ㔝㸪2001)ࠋ ࡇࢀࢆཷࡅ㸪బ⸨(2005)ࡼࡗ࡚ࢺࣛ࢘ ࣐ࢆ⊃⩏ࡢࡶࡢᗈ⩏ࡢࡶࡢศࡅࡿ ࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡀᥦࡉࢀࡓࠋ͆⊃⩏ࡢࢺࣛ࢘ ࣐͇ࡣ㸪DSM- IV -TR ࡢデ᩿ᇶ‽ A ࡢࡼ ࠺ࡑࡢᛶ㉁ࡣࠕᮏேࡲࡓࡣ⪅ࡢ⏕ࢆ ⬣ࡍࡼ࠺࡞༴㝤࡞ฟ᮶࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡘࡑ ࡢฟ᮶ࡢ᭱୰ࡸ┤ᚋᮏேᙉ࠸ᜍᛧឤ ࢆ࠼ࡿฟ᮶ࠖࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(㔠㸪2001㸹 బ⸨㸪2005)ࠋ୍᪉࡛͆ᗈ⩏ࡢࢺ࣐͇ࣛ࢘ࢆ బ⸨(2005)ࡣࠕయ㦂ᙜྠࡌᜍᛧࡸᛌ ឤࢆᙜヱಶேࡶࡓࡽࡋ⥆ࡅࡿฟ᮶ࠋฟ ᮶ࡢᛶ㉁ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ⏕ࢆ⬣ࡍ༴㝤࡞ ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪ࡑࡢฟ᮶ࡢ᭱୰ࡸ ┤ᚋᙉ࠸ᜍᛧឤ㸪↓ຊឤ㸪ᡓុࢆ࠼ࡿ ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠖᐃ⩏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋලయ ࡋ࡚㸪ᐙ᪘࡞ࡢぶࡋ࠸ே࣭࣌ࢵࢺࡢṚ ู㸪ᜊேࡸேࡢே㛫㛵ಀࡢ◚⥢࡞ࡀ ᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋୖグࡢఀ⸨࣭㕥ᮌ(2009)࡞ ࡀ♧ࡍࡼ࠺㸪PTSD デ᩿ᇶ‽ A ‶ࡓ࡞ ࠸ฟ᮶࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㔜⠜࡞PTSR ࢆ♧ࡍே ࡀ࠸ࡿࡇࡽ㸪ᗈ⩏ࡢࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃ ࡕฟ᮶ࡢᛶ㉁ࡼࡽࡎ㧗PTSR ≧ែ࡛࠶ ࡿே࣭ࡑࡢ≧ែࢆ⥔ᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿே╔┠ࡍ ࡿ⪃࠼᪉ࡣ㸪⮫ᗋୖព⩏ࡢ࠶ࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡉ ࡚ ⌧ ᅾ 㸪 ⊃ ⩏ ࡢ ࢺ ࣛ ࢘ ࣐ ࡽ ࡢ 㧗 PTSR ≧ែ⥔ᣢ⪅ᤊ࠼ࡿࡇࡀฟ᮶ࡿ PTSD ᝈ⪅ࡢධࡣ㸪ㄆ▱⾜ື⒪ἲ (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/௨ୗ CBT) ࡃ ᣢ ⥆ ࢚ ࢡ ࢫ ࣏ ࣮ ࢪ ࣕ ࣮ ⒪ ἲ (Prolonged Exposue/௨ୗ PE)ࡸ㸪║⌫㐠ື ࡼࡿ⬺ឤసฎ⌮(EMDR)࡞☜❧ࡉ ࢀ ࡘ ࡘ ࠶ ࡿ(Bisson, Ehlers, Matthews, Pilling, Richards, & Turner, 2007)ࠋ୍᪉࡛ ᑐ㇟ࢆᗈ⩏ࡢࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘ᗈࡆ࡚ࡢ᳨ウࡣᮍ ࡔᑡ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡑࡇࡽ⏕ࡌࡿPTSR ࡢධ ᪉ἲࡢ☜❧ࡀ㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࡇ࡛ᗈ⩏ࡢࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓධ ἲ◊✲ࡢࡦࡘࡋ࡚㸪ࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘ࡢ➹グ ࡼࡿ㛤♧(௨ୗ㸪➹グ㛤♧ἲ⾲グ)ࡀᣲࡆࡽ ࢀࡿࠋ➹グ㛤♧ἲࡢጞ⪅ࡢ୍ே࡛࠶ࡿ Pennebaker ࡣ㸪ᗈ⩏ࡢࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘⤒㦂⪅ ➹グ㛤♧ἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡓධࢆ⾜࠸㸪ᐇドⓗ࡞ ᣦᶆࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᚰ㌟ࡢᗣቑ㐍ࢆド᫂ࡋࡓ (࠼ࡤ㸪Pennebaker & Beall㸪1986)ࠋࡲ ࡓ㸪ࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘㛵ࡍࡿᐇࡸࡑࢀࡽక࠺ ᛮ⪃ࡸឤࢆ⮬⏤㛤♧ࡍࡿࡇ(௨ୗ㸪⮬ ⏤㛤♧⾲グ)ࡣ㸪༶ⓗࡣࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞ Ẽศࢆႏ㉳ࡉࡏ㸪⮬ᚊ⚄⤒⣔άືࢆぬ㓰
ࡉࡏࡿࡀ㸪㛗ᮇⓗࡣㄆ▱ⓗᶵ⬟ࢆྥୖࡉ ࡏ(Klein & Boals㸪2001)㸪་ᖌゼၥᅇᩘࡢ ῶᑡࡸචᶵ⬟ࡢᨵၿ࡞ࡢ㌟యⓗᗣࢆ ቑ㐍ࡉࡏࡿࡇࡀ࣓ࢱศᯒࡼࡗ࡚᫂ࡽ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(Smyth㸪1998)ࠋࡉࡽ㸪┠ ᶆྥࡗ࡚ሗࢆฎ⌮ࡋࡘࡘ㸪୍ⓗ ᚲせ࡞ࢆಖᣢࡍࡿാࡁࡉࢀࡿ࣮࣡࢟ ࣥࢢ࣓ࣔࣜ(Working Memory㸹௨ୗ㸪WM ␎グ)ࢆቑࡉࡏࡿࡇࡶሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿ(Klein & Boals㸪2001)ࠋࡇࡢ WM ࡣ㸪 ➹グෆᐜࡢㄆ▱ㄒ(࠼ࡤ㸪ࠕឤࡌࡿࠖࠕศ ࡿࠖ࡞)ࡀቑຍࡋࡓ⪅ࡼࡾࡁ࡞ྥୖ ࢆ♧ࡍࡇࡶ᫂ࡽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(Klein & Boals㸪2001)ࠋࡇࡢὶࢀࡢ୰࡛㸪ᮏ㑥࡛ࡶ ࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘ᑐࡍࡿ➹グ㛤♧ἲࡢຠᯝ◊✲ࡀ ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ⤖ᯝ㸪ほⓗ㌟యᚩೃࡸ ධᛂ(వㄒ࣭ᑿୖ㸪2001)㸪 WM (ᗉᏊ࣭ వㄒ㸪2006㸹Yogo & Fujihara, 2008)㸪➹ グ1 ࣧ᭶ᚋⅬࡢ㸪ࢫࢺࣞࢫ࡛࣍ࣝࣔࣥ࠶ ࡿࢥࣝࢳࢰ࣮ࣝ(ఀ⸨࣭బ⸨࣭㕥ᮌ㸪2009) ࡘ࠸࡚ࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞య㦂ࢆ㛤♧ࡋࡓ⩌ࡀ ⤫ไ⩌(୰❧ⓗ࡞ヰ㢟ࢆ➹グࡍࡿ)ࡼࡾࡶຠ ᯝࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ ࠺㸪ᅜෆእၥࢃࡎᗈ⩏ࡢࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘ᑐࡋ ࡚➹グ㛤♧ࡼࡿධ◊✲ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ㸪ຠᯝ ࡢ᳨ウࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽࡶ㸪ᗈ⩏ࡢ ࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘ᑐࡍࡿ➹グ㛤♧ἲࡀᚰ㌟ᶵ⬟ ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪╔┠ࡍࡿࡇࡣ⮫ᗋⓗ᭷ព ⩏࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ➹グ㛤♧ࡢຠᯝ㛵ࡋ࡚㸪 ඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ୍㈏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡣゝ࠸㞴࠸ࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽᮏ㑥ࡢ➹グ㛤♧◊✲ ࠾࠸࡚⤫ไ⩌ᑐࡍࡿ➹グ㛤♧ຠᯝࡢඃ ᛶࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸◊✲ࡶከࡃᏑᅾࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ(ᖹ࣭బ⸨࣭⃝࣭ᆏ㔝㸪 2001 ࡞)ࠋࡲࡓ Frattaroli(2006)ࡢ࣓ࢱ
ศᯒ࡛ᑐ㇟࡞ࡗࡓ 146 ࡢ◊✲ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪 8(5%)ࡢ◊✲࡛ຠᯝࡀ↓࠸ࡇ㸪36(25%)ࡢ ◊✲࡛㏫ຠᯝࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡇࡽ㸪Ḣ⡿࡛ࡶ7 ࡶࡢ◊✲࡛ຠ ᯝࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࡣ࠸࠼࡚ࡢ◊✲࡛࣏ࢪ ࢸࣈ࡞⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪➹グ㛤♧◊✲ࡣḟࡢ2 ࡘࡢㄢ 㢟 ձࡼࡾከࡃࡢேຠᯝⓗ࡞㛤♧᪉ἲࡢ 㛤Ⓨࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࡢࡓࡵࡣ➹グ㛤♧ ࡢຠᯝ⏕㉳ࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆ▱ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ Ⅼ㸪ղ⤫ไ⩌࠾࠸࡚PTSR ࡀධࡢ๓ᚋ ࡛ຠᯝᣦᶆᨵၿࡀぢࡽࢀࡿⅬࡀṧࡗ࡚࠸ ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ 1 Ⅼ┠ࡢ➹グ㛤♧ἲࡢຠᯝᶵᗎࡘ࠸࡚ ࡣFoa, Keane,& Friedman (2000)ࡼࡾ㸪 ㄆ▱↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡓධࡼࡗ࡚ PTSR ࡀపῶࡍࡿࡇࡀศࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽ㸪 ㄆ▱ⓗホ౯(cognitive reappraisal)ࡀὀ ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋㄆ▱ⓗホ౯ࡣ㸪Lange et al.(2001)ࡼࡿࠕࡑࡢ⤒㦂ᑐࡍࡿ᪂ࡋ ࠸㐺ᛂⓗ࡞ゎ㔘ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋᐇ㝿㸪 ㄆ▱ⓗホ౯ࡢಁ㐍ࢆ≺ࡗ࡚ᵓ㐀ࡉࢀࡓ ➹ グ 㛤 ♧ ἲ ( ᵓ 㐀 㛤 ♧ ;structured disclosure)ࡀ㸪PTSR ࡢపῶ᭷┈࡛࠶ࡿ ࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(Lange et al., 2001)ࠋ ࡇࢀࢆཷࡅ㸪ᮏ㑥࡛ࡶㄆ▱ⓗホ౯ࢆಁࡍ ࡓࡵㄆ▱⒪ἲࡢほⅬࡽ➹グᡭ⥆ࡁࢆᵓ 㐀ࡋࡓᵓ㐀㛤♧ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ㸪ࡑࡢຠᯝࢆ ᳨ウࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᒣᮏ࣭బ⸨(2005) ࡛ࡣ㸪ᵓ㐀㛤♧ࡼࡗ࡚ฟ᮶ᑐࡍࡿ ከᵝどⅬᗘࡀ㧗ࡲࡗࡓ⪅ IES ࡢᚓⅬ ࡀపୗࡋࡓࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢᚋ ఀ⸨࣭బ⸨࣭㕥ᮌ(2009)ࡼࡾ㸪ே ࢻࣂࢫࢆồࡵࡿ᪉ἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡛ከᵝ どⅬᗘࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ᵓ㐀㛤 ♧ࡢᡭ⥆ࡁࡢᨵኚࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࠋேࢻ ࣂࢫࢆồࡵࡿ᪉ἲࡣ㸪ࠕ࠶࡞ࡓࡢぶࡀ ࠶࡞ࡓྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ฟ᮶ࢆ⤒㦂ࡋ㸪ࡑࡇ ࡽྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞⪃࠼ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ㸪ఱ ࢻࣂࢫࡍࡿࠖ࠸࠺ᩍ♧ࢆᗈ⩏ࡢࢺ ࣐ࣛ࢘ಖᣢ⪅࠼ࡿࡇ࡛ᐈほⓗどⅬࢆ ྲྀࡾධࢀ㸪ࡑࢀࢆࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘㛵ࡍࡿㄆ▱ ⤌ࡳ㎸ࡴࡇࡼࡗ࡚ㄆ▱ⓗホ౯ࢆಁ㐍 ࡍࡿ࠸࠺㸪➨ୡ௦CBT ౫ᣐࡋࡓ᪉ἲ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ◊✲ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢ ࡼ࠺⮬⏤㛤♧ࢆ⾜࠺⩌(⮬⏤㛤♧⩌)㸪⤫ ไ⩌ẚ㍑ࡋࡓ㝿㸪ᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌࡛ࡢࡳ㸪 ➹グᚋ1 ࣨ᭶࡛ධᛂࡀపῶࡋࡓ(୰ᕝ࣭ ୰㔝࣭బ⸨㸪2008)ࠋࡉࡽఀ⸨࣭బ⸨࣭㕥 ᮌ(2009)ࡣ㸪ᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌ࡢ WM ࡀ⤫ไ⩌ ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ྥୖࡍࡿഴྥࡀぢฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ୍᪉࡛㸪PTSR ࡢపῶຠᯝࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚࠸ ࡿㄆ▱⒪ἲ(Ehlers et al., 2005)࡛ࡣ㸪ᚑ᮶ ࡢᚑ᮶ࡢㄆ▱⒪ἲࡣ␗࡞ࡾ㸪࣓࣮ࢪࡸ ➹グࡼࡿᭀ㟢ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘グ᠈ࡢ୰ ᰾ⓗ㒊ศ(ࠕstuck pointࠖࡸࠕhot spotsࠖ) ࢆ᫂☜ࡍࡿࡇࢆ㔜どࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢺࣛ࢘ ࣐グ᠈ࡢ୰᰾ⓗ㒊ศࡣ㸪㉳ࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘ グ᠈ࡢ୰࡛ࡶ≉㧗࠸ࢿ࢞ࢸࣈឤࡸⱞ ③ࢆక࠺ࡶ(Grey, Holmes,& Brewin, 2001)㸪ධⓗ࡞࣓࣮ࢪ㧗࠸୍⮴ࢆ♧ࡍ (Holmes, Grey,& Young, 2005)ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿࡇࡽ㸪ࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘グ᠈ࡢ୰ࡢ᰾ⓗ㒊ศ ࡛⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿㄆ▱ⓗ࡞ⴱ⸨(᪤Ꮡࡢࢫ࣮࢟ ࣐ࡢㄪ⠇)ࡸ㸪ࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞ㄆ▱ⓗホ ౯ࡀPTSR ࡢ⥔ᣢࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(Ehlers & Clark, 2000)ࠋ ࡇࡢࡇࡽ㸪୰㔝࣭ஂᴦ࣭ྜྷ⏣࣭బ⸨(2012) ࡣ㸪ఀ⸨࣭బ⸨࣭㕥ᮌ(2009)ࡀ⏝࠸ࡓே ࡢࢻࣂࢫἲࡢᡭ⥆ࡁࡢ๓㸪ฟ᮶ ࢆయ㦂ࡋࡓ୰࡛᭱ࡶⱞ③ࢆឤࡌࡓ▐㛫ࡘ ࠸࡚᭩ࡁ⥛ࡿࡼ࠺ồࡵࡿᡭ⥆ࡁࢆᵓ㐀➹
ศᯒ࡛ᑐ㇟࡞ࡗࡓ 146 ࡢ◊✲ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪 8(5%)ࡢ◊✲࡛ຠᯝࡀ↓࠸ࡇ㸪36(25%)ࡢ ◊✲࡛㏫ຠᯝࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡇࡽ㸪Ḣ⡿࡛ࡶ7 ࡶࡢ◊✲࡛ຠ ᯝࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࡣ࠸࠼࡚ࡢ◊✲࡛࣏ࢪ ࢸࣈ࡞⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪➹グ㛤♧◊✲ࡣḟࡢ2 ࡘࡢㄢ 㢟 ձࡼࡾከࡃࡢேຠᯝⓗ࡞㛤♧᪉ἲࡢ 㛤Ⓨࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࡢࡓࡵࡣ➹グ㛤♧ ࡢຠᯝ⏕㉳ࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆ▱ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ Ⅼ㸪ղ⤫ไ⩌࠾࠸࡚PTSR ࡀධࡢ๓ᚋ ࡛ຠᯝᣦᶆᨵၿࡀぢࡽࢀࡿⅬࡀṧࡗ࡚࠸ ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ 1 Ⅼ┠ࡢ➹グ㛤♧ἲࡢຠᯝᶵᗎࡘ࠸࡚ ࡣFoa, Keane,& Friedman (2000)ࡼࡾ㸪 ㄆ▱↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡓධࡼࡗ࡚ PTSR ࡀపῶࡍࡿࡇࡀศࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽ㸪 ㄆ▱ⓗホ౯(cognitive reappraisal)ࡀὀ ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋㄆ▱ⓗホ౯ࡣ㸪Lange et al.(2001)ࡼࡿࠕࡑࡢ⤒㦂ᑐࡍࡿ᪂ࡋ ࠸㐺ᛂⓗ࡞ゎ㔘ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋᐇ㝿㸪 ㄆ▱ⓗホ౯ࡢಁ㐍ࢆ≺ࡗ࡚ᵓ㐀ࡉࢀࡓ ➹ グ 㛤 ♧ ἲ ( ᵓ 㐀 㛤 ♧ ;structured disclosure)ࡀ㸪PTSR ࡢపῶ᭷┈࡛࠶ࡿ ࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(Lange et al., 2001)ࠋ ࡇࢀࢆཷࡅ㸪ᮏ㑥࡛ࡶㄆ▱ⓗホ౯ࢆಁࡍ ࡓࡵㄆ▱⒪ἲࡢほⅬࡽ➹グᡭ⥆ࡁࢆᵓ 㐀ࡋࡓᵓ㐀㛤♧ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ㸪ࡑࡢຠᯝࢆ ᳨ウࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᒣᮏ࣭బ⸨(2005) ࡛ࡣ㸪ᵓ㐀㛤♧ࡼࡗ࡚ฟ᮶ᑐࡍࡿ ከᵝどⅬᗘࡀ㧗ࡲࡗࡓ⪅ IES ࡢᚓⅬ ࡀపୗࡋࡓࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢᚋ ఀ⸨࣭బ⸨࣭㕥ᮌ(2009)ࡼࡾ㸪ே ࢻࣂࢫࢆồࡵࡿ᪉ἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡛ከᵝ どⅬᗘࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ᵓ㐀㛤 ♧ࡢᡭ⥆ࡁࡢᨵኚࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࠋேࢻ ࣂࢫࢆồࡵࡿ᪉ἲࡣ㸪ࠕ࠶࡞ࡓࡢぶࡀ ࠶࡞ࡓྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ฟ᮶ࢆ⤒㦂ࡋ㸪ࡑࡇ ࡽྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞⪃࠼ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ㸪ఱ ࢻࣂࢫࡍࡿࠖ࠸࠺ᩍ♧ࢆᗈ⩏ࡢࢺ ࣐ࣛ࢘ಖᣢ⪅࠼ࡿࡇ࡛ᐈほⓗどⅬࢆ ྲྀࡾධࢀ㸪ࡑࢀࢆࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘㛵ࡍࡿㄆ▱ ⤌ࡳ㎸ࡴࡇࡼࡗ࡚ㄆ▱ⓗホ౯ࢆಁ㐍 ࡍࡿ࠸࠺㸪➨ୡ௦CBT ౫ᣐࡋࡓ᪉ἲ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ◊✲ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢ ࡼ࠺⮬⏤㛤♧ࢆ⾜࠺⩌(⮬⏤㛤♧⩌)㸪⤫ ไ⩌ẚ㍑ࡋࡓ㝿㸪ᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌࡛ࡢࡳ㸪 ➹グᚋ1 ࣨ᭶࡛ධᛂࡀపῶࡋࡓ(୰ᕝ࣭ ୰㔝࣭బ⸨㸪2008)ࠋࡉࡽఀ⸨࣭బ⸨࣭㕥 ᮌ(2009)ࡣ㸪ᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌ࡢ WM ࡀ⤫ไ⩌ ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ྥୖࡍࡿഴྥࡀぢฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ୍᪉࡛㸪PTSR ࡢపῶຠᯝࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚࠸ ࡿㄆ▱⒪ἲ(Ehlers et al., 2005)࡛ࡣ㸪ᚑ᮶ ࡢᚑ᮶ࡢㄆ▱⒪ἲࡣ␗࡞ࡾ㸪࣓࣮ࢪࡸ ➹グࡼࡿᭀ㟢ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘グ᠈ࡢ୰ ᰾ⓗ㒊ศ(ࠕstuck pointࠖࡸࠕhot spotsࠖ) ࢆ᫂☜ࡍࡿࡇࢆ㔜どࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢺࣛ࢘ ࣐グ᠈ࡢ୰᰾ⓗ㒊ศࡣ㸪㉳ࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘ グ᠈ࡢ୰࡛ࡶ≉㧗࠸ࢿ࢞ࢸࣈឤࡸⱞ ③ࢆక࠺ࡶ(Grey, Holmes,& Brewin, 2001)㸪ධⓗ࡞࣓࣮ࢪ㧗࠸୍⮴ࢆ♧ࡍ (Holmes, Grey,& Young, 2005)ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿࡇࡽ㸪ࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘グ᠈ࡢ୰ࡢ᰾ⓗ㒊ศ ࡛⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿㄆ▱ⓗ࡞ⴱ⸨(᪤Ꮡࡢࢫ࣮࢟ ࣐ࡢㄪ⠇)ࡸ㸪ࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞ㄆ▱ⓗホ ౯ࡀPTSR ࡢ⥔ᣢࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(Ehlers & Clark, 2000)ࠋ ࡇࡢࡇࡽ㸪୰㔝࣭ஂᴦ࣭ྜྷ⏣࣭బ⸨(2012) ࡣ㸪ఀ⸨࣭బ⸨࣭㕥ᮌ(2009)ࡀ⏝࠸ࡓே ࡢࢻࣂࢫἲࡢᡭ⥆ࡁࡢ๓㸪ฟ᮶ ࢆయ㦂ࡋࡓ୰࡛᭱ࡶⱞ③ࢆឤࡌࡓ▐㛫ࡘ ࠸࡚᭩ࡁ⥛ࡿࡼ࠺ồࡵࡿᡭ⥆ࡁࢆᵓ㐀➹ グ㛤♧ἲຍ࠼ࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᐇ㦂ࡽ 1 ࣨ᭶Ⅼ࡛ ᐃࡋࡓWM ࡢ್ࡀ᭷ពቑ ࡋ㸪PTSR ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࡑࡢపῶ᭷⏝࡞ࡇ ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪௨㝆ࡢᚋ ⥆◊✲࡛ࡣࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࡣᏳᐃࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ᯇᮏࡽ(2011)ࡣ㸪ᵓ㐀➹グ㛤♧ ຠᯝࡢ୰᰾ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓㄆ▱ⓗホ౯㛵 ࡋ࡚ㄆ▱ⓗホ౯ࢆ㺀ࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞ᛮ⪃ࡣ ⌧ᐇࢆṇ☜ᫎࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ ࡼ࠺࡞ࡿ㺁࠸ࡗࡓ㸪⮬ศࡢᛮ⪃ࡸឤ ᑐࡍࡿㄆ▱ࡢ᪉(ែᗘ)㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ࣓ࢱㄆ▱ (metacognition)ࡢኚ㸪㺀ࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞ᛮ ⪃ࡀ㐺ᛂⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃ኚࡍࡿ㺁࠸ࡗࡓᛮ ⪃ෆᐜࡢኚࡢ 2 ࡘࡢせ⣲ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ Ⅼ╔┠ࡋ㸪 Beck(1976)ࡀㄆ▱⒪ἲࡢせ⣲ ࡋ࡚ࠕ㊥㞳ࢆ⨨ࡃࡇࠖࡢ㔜せᛶࢆᣦ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽ≉๓⪅㔜Ⅼࢆ࠾࠸࡚ ᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࠕ㊥㞳ࢆ⨨ࡃࡇࠖࡣ㸪⮬ ືᛮ⪃ࢆ⌧ᐇࡣ⪃࠼ࡎ௬ㄝࡸ᥎ㄽ࡛࠶ ࡿࡽ࠼ࡿࡇ㸪ᐈほⓗ═ࡵࡿࡇ࡛ ࠶ࡾ㸪ୖ㏙ࡢ࣓ࢱㄆ▱ࡢኚ࠶ࡓࡿࠋࡑ ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪➹グᛮ⪃ࡸឤࡽ㊥㞳ࢆ⨨ ࡅࡓ⛬ᗘࡀ㧗࠸⪅ࡣప࠸⪅ࡼࡾࡶ➹グࡼ ࡗ࡚PTSR ࡀ᪩ࡃపῶࡋ㸪ධᛂ࣭ⱞ③ ᗘࡀࡼࡾపῶࡍࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࡇࡇ࡛㸪࣐ࣥࢻࣇࣝࢿࢫ࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ ࡘ࠸࡚ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓ࠸ࠋ࣐ࣥࢻࣇࣝࢿࢫ ࡣ㸪ࠕࡇࡇ࡛ࡢయ㦂ホ౯ࡸ౯್ุ᩿ࢆ ຍ ࠼ ࡿ ࡇ ࡞ ࡃ ὀ ព ࢆ ྥ ࡅ ࡿ ࡇ ࠖ (Kabat-Zinn, 1994)࡛࠶ࡿࡉࢀ㸪ᢚ࠺ࡘ ࡢධࡢศ㔝࡛≉ὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣐ ࣥࢻࣇࣝࢿࢫࡣ㸪CBT ➨୕ୡ௦ࡢ⪃࠼᪉ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞ㄆ▱ࢆྠᐃࡋಟṇࡍ ࡿࡇࢆヨࡳࡿ➨ୡ௦ࡢ CBT ẚ㍑ࡋ㸪 CBT ➨୕ୡ௦࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕࡶࡢࡈࡢὀពࡢ ྥࡅ᪉ࢆኚ࠼ࠖ(ஂᮏ㸪2008)㸪ࠕࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ ࡞ㄆ▱ࢆ↓⌮ᢚ࠼ࡎ㊥㞳ࢆ࠾ࡃࠖ (ᮡᾆ㸪 2008)ࡇ࡛ࡢ⒪ຠᯝࡀ≺ࢃࢀ㸪ࡑࡢ⒪ ຠᯝࡣᐇドⓗ᳨ドࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣐ ࣥࢻࣇࣝࢿࢫⓗ࡞㸪ὀពࡢྥࡅ᪉ࢆኚ࠼࡚ ࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞ㄆ▱ࢆ↓⌮ᢚ࠼ࡎࡑࡇࡽ ㊥㞳ࢆ⨨ࡃ⪃࠼᪉ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡇ ࡣ㸪ᯇᮏࡽ(2011)ࡀ㏙ࡓࡼ࠺࡞㸪➹グ ฟ᮶క࠺ᛮ⪃ࡸឤࡽ㊥㞳ࢆ⨨ࡃ ࡓࡵᚲせ࡞ࢫ࡛࢟ࣝ࠶ࡿゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡇࡢ Ⅼࡘ࠸࡚ᑠᰘ࣭℈ᒸ࣭ὸ࣭ሷ⏣࣭బ⸨ (2012)ࡣ㸪ඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡶ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡓே ࡢࢻࣂࢫࢆồࡵࡿᵓ㐀㛤♧ࡢᡭ⥆ࡁ ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡛㸪CBT ➨୕ୡ௦ⓗ࡞ฟ᮶ ࡽࡢ㊥㞳ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡇࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋேࡢࢻࣂࢫἲࡣୖ㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ 㸪CBT ➨ୡ௦ⓗ࡞ㄆ▱ⓗホ౯ࢆពᅗ ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ᐈほⓗどⅬࢆྲྀࡾධ ࢀࡿ࠸࠺᪉ἲࡽ㸪㊥㞳ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿ➨ ୕ୡ௦ⓗ࡞ほⅬࡶෆໟࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡇࡢᑠᰘࡽ(2012)◊✲࡛ᢅ ࢃࢀࡓ㊥㞳ࡣ㸪࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶฟ᮶ࡽ㊥ 㞳ࢆ⨨ࡅࡓᗘྜ࠸ࢆ ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᯇᮏ ࡽ(2011)ࡸ Beck(1976)ࡀ㔜どࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞㊥ 㞳ࢫ࢟ࣝࡢᙳ㡪ࡲ࡛ࢆぢࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ ࡗࡓࠋࡼࡗ࡚ேࡢࢻࣂࢫἲࢆ⏝ ࠸ࡓᵓ㐀㛤♧ࡢᡭ⥆ࡁࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡇࡢⅬ ࡛᭦࡞ࡿ᳨ウࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿゝ࠼ࡿࠋ ࡉ࡚ࡇࡇ࡛㸪ᡃࡀᅜ࡛ࡢ➹グ㛤♧ධࡢ ◊✲⤖ᯝࡀ୍ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡣゝ࠸㞴࠸ࡶ࠺ ࡦࡘࡢ⌮⏤㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࡋࡤࡋࡤ⤫ไ⩌ ࠾࠸࡚PTSR ࡀධࡢ๓ᚋ࡛ຠᯝᣦᶆᨵ ၿࡀぢࡽࢀࡿⅬࡘ࠸࡚ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿࠋࡇࢀ ࡣࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘ࢆ⤒㦂ࡋࡓேࡢ୰ࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘ࢸ ࢵࢡ࡞ᛂࡀ㛫ࡶపῶࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ ேࡓࡕ(ᅇ⩌)㸪㛫ࡢ⤒㐣㛵ࢃࡽࡎࡑ ࡢᛂࡀ⥔ᣢࡉࢀࡿேࡓࡕ(⥔ᣢ⩌)ࡀᏑᅾ
ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ(୰ᕝ࣭୰㔝࣭బ⸨ 2008)ࠋ ࡇࡢⅬ࠾࠸࡚୰ᕝ࣭୰㔝࣭బ⸨(2008)ࡣ㸪 ࢫࢡ࣮ࣜࢽࣥࢢࡽ㸴ࣨ᭶ࡢ⤫ไᮇ㛫ࢆ⨨ ࡃࡇࡼࡾ⥔ᣢ⩌ࡀᢳฟ࡛ࡁࡿࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋ୍᪉࡛୰ᕝ࣭୰㔝࣭బ⸨(2008)࡛ࡣ㸪 Ehlers & Clark (2000)ࡢࣔࢹࣝࡽ⪃ᐹࡍ ࡿᵓ㐀➹グ㛤♧⩌ࡢᡭ⥆ࡁࡀ༑ศᵓ 㐀ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛㏙ ࡓᵓ㐀➹グ㛤♧ἲࡣ⥔ᣢ⩌ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣᮍ ࡔ᳨ウࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸Ⅼࡀ㸪ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡢࡇࡽ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣඛ⾜◊✲ ೌ࠸㸴ࣧ᭶ࡢ⤫ไᮇ㛫ࢆ⨨࠸࡚ᢳฟࡉࢀࡓ ࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘⥔ᣢ⩌ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ฟ᮶ࡢ୰᰾ⓗ 㒊ศࡢᭀ㟢㊥㞳ࢆពᅗࡋࡓᵓ㐀 㛤♧ἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡓධຠᯝࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ ࡇࡇ࡛㸪➹グ㛤♧ἲ࠾࠸࡚ࡼࡾࡁ࡞ ຠᯝࢆாཷࡋࡓ⪅ࡢ㛤♧ᩥ࡛ࡣ㸪Ὕᐹㄒ( ࠼ࡤ㸪ᛮ࠺࣭ศࡿ)ࡸ㸪ᅉᯝ㛵ಀㄒ(࠼ࡤ㸪 ࡞ࡢ࡛࣭ࡔࡽ)࠸ࡗࡓㄆ▱ฎ⌮ㄒࡢቑ ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(Pennebaker & Francis㸪 1996)ࠋྠᵝ㸪Lutgendorf & Antoni(1999) ࡼࡿࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘⤒㦂ࡢཱྀ㢌㛤♧㛵ࡍࡿ◊ ✲ࡽࡣ㸪ឤࡢ㛤♧ࡼࡿ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ ឤኚࢆாཷࡍࡿࡣ㸪༢ฟ᮶ࢆゝ ㄒⓗ㛤♧ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡑࡢឤࡸ ಶேⓗពࢆ῝ࡃయ㦂ࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛㸪ⴱ⸨ࢆ ᅇ㑊ࡏࡎ㛤♧㛵ࡋ࡚Ὕᐹࡍࡿࡇࡀ 㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ ࡽ㸪➹グෆᐜࡢኚࡢ᭷↓ࡀ≧ࡢᨵ ၿࡸᗣቑ㐍ࡁࡃ㛵ࢃࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡇࡀ ศࡿࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ከࡃࡢ➹グ㛤♧ἲ ◊✲ࡀຠᯝኚᩘ࡛ࡢ᳨ド␃ࡲࡾ㸪➹グෆ ᐜࡢศᯒࡲ࡛⮳ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ≉㸪ࢺࣛ ࣐࢘⥔ᣢ⩌ᑐࡋ࡚⾜࠺㊥㞳ࢆពᅗࡋࡓ ᵓ㐀➹グ㛤♧ἲࡢຠᯝࡢ᳨ウ࠾࠸࡚㸪 ࡑࡢ➹グෆᐜࡶ↔Ⅼࢆᙜ᳨࡚࡚ドࡋࡓ◊ ✲ࡣᮏ㑥࡛ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡼࡗ࡚ᮏ◊✲࡛ ࡣୖ㏙ࡢ┠ⓗຍ࠼࡚㸪㛤♧⩌࠾ࡅࡿ➹ グෆᐜࡢኚࢆศᯒࡋ㸪ຠᯝኚᩘࡢ㛵㐃 ࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡇࡶేࡏ࡚⾜࠺ࠋ ௨ୖࡼࡾ㸪ᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗࢆ௨ୗࡍࡿࠋ ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪୰㔝࣭ஂᴦ࣭ྜྷ⏣࣭బ⸨(2012) ೌࡗࡓᵓ㐀➹グ㛤♧ἲ㊥㞳ࡢ㛵㐃 㸪ᚰ㌟ࡢᗣࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ㸪୰ᕝ࣭୰㔝࣭ బ⸨(2008)ೌ࠸ 6 ࣨ᭶ࡢ⤫ไᮇ㛫ࢆ⨨ࡁ ᢳฟࡋࡓ㸪እയᚋࢫࢺࣞࢫᛂࢆ⥔ᣢࡉࡏ ࡚࠸ࡿಶே㸪ࡘࡲࡾࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘⥔ᣢ⩌ᑐࡋ ࡚ධᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ᳨࡛ドࡍࡿࡇࢆᮏ ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗࡍࡿࠋ࠶ࢃࡏ࡚㸪ࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘ࡢ ➹グ㛤♧ෆᐜ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ࡑࡢᙳ㡪ࡢ㛵 㐃ࢆぢࡿࠋ ᪉ἲ 1. ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ࡢᢳฟ A ┴ෆࡢᅜ❧Ꮫ⏕ 847 ྡࢆᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚㸪 ᤵᴗࡢ๓ᚋ㉁ၥ⣬ࢆ㓄ᕸࡋ㸪➨1 ᅇ┠(௨ ୗtime1)ࡢㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋㄪᰝෆᐜࡣձࣇ ࢙ࢫࢩ࣮ࢺ㸪ղబ⸨࣭ᆏ㔝(2001)ࡼࡗ ࡚సᡂࡉࢀࡓእയయ㦂ㄪᰝ⚊㸪ճฟ᮶ ࣥࣃࢡࢺᑻᗘ㸦Impact of Event Scale/௨ୗ IES㸧᪥ᮏㄒ∧(Asukai & Miyake, 1998㸧㸪 մฟ᮶ᑐࡍࡿほⓗⱞ③ᗘ࣭㛤♧ᗘ࣭ 㛤♧ḧồᗘࢆၥ࠺ࡶࡢࡢ 4 Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋղ ࡢእയయ㦂ㄪᰝ⚊ࡣ㸪ࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘ࡢ᭷↓ࢆၥ ࠸㸪ࡉࡽయ㦂ᮇෆᐜࢆၥ࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㝿ࡶ㸪ᅇ⟅ࡣᙉไ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ᅇ⟅ ࡢ㠀ࡀᡂ⦼➼ࡣᙳ㡪ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇࢆ⾲⣬ グ㍕ࡋࡓୖ࡛㸪ཱྀ㢌࡛ࡶᩍ♧ࡋ㸪ࡀ୍ ㄪᰝࡢᙳ㡪ࡀฟࡓሙྜࡢࡓࡵ㸪⡆༢࡞ࣜ ࣛࢡࢭ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ᪉ἲ◊✲⪅ࡢ㐃⤡ඛ ࢆグ㍕ࡋࡓ⣬ࢆ㓄ᕸࡋ㸪㐃⤡ࢆ㈔࠼ࡤ࠸ࡘ ࡛ࡶᑐᛂࡍࡿ᪨ࢆཱྀ㢌࡛ࡶᩍ♧ࡍࡿ࡞ࡢ
ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ(୰ᕝ࣭୰㔝࣭బ⸨ 2008)ࠋ ࡇࡢⅬ࠾࠸࡚୰ᕝ࣭୰㔝࣭బ⸨(2008)ࡣ㸪 ࢫࢡ࣮ࣜࢽࣥࢢࡽ㸴ࣨ᭶ࡢ⤫ไᮇ㛫ࢆ⨨ ࡃࡇࡼࡾ⥔ᣢ⩌ࡀᢳฟ࡛ࡁࡿࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋ୍᪉࡛୰ᕝ࣭୰㔝࣭బ⸨(2008)࡛ࡣ㸪 Ehlers & Clark (2000)ࡢࣔࢹࣝࡽ⪃ᐹࡍ ࡿᵓ㐀➹グ㛤♧⩌ࡢᡭ⥆ࡁࡀ༑ศᵓ 㐀ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛㏙ ࡓᵓ㐀➹グ㛤♧ἲࡣ⥔ᣢ⩌ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣᮍ ࡔ᳨ウࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸Ⅼࡀ㸪ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡢࡇࡽ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣඛ⾜◊✲ ೌ࠸㸴ࣧ᭶ࡢ⤫ไᮇ㛫ࢆ⨨࠸࡚ᢳฟࡉࢀࡓ ࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘⥔ᣢ⩌ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ฟ᮶ࡢ୰᰾ⓗ 㒊ศࡢᭀ㟢㊥㞳ࢆពᅗࡋࡓᵓ㐀 㛤♧ἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡓධຠᯝࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ ࡇࡇ࡛㸪➹グ㛤♧ἲ࠾࠸࡚ࡼࡾࡁ࡞ ຠᯝࢆாཷࡋࡓ⪅ࡢ㛤♧ᩥ࡛ࡣ㸪Ὕᐹㄒ( ࠼ࡤ㸪ᛮ࠺࣭ศࡿ)ࡸ㸪ᅉᯝ㛵ಀㄒ(࠼ࡤ㸪 ࡞ࡢ࡛࣭ࡔࡽ)࠸ࡗࡓㄆ▱ฎ⌮ㄒࡢቑ ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(Pennebaker & Francis㸪 1996)ࠋྠᵝ㸪Lutgendorf & Antoni(1999) ࡼࡿࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘⤒㦂ࡢཱྀ㢌㛤♧㛵ࡍࡿ◊ ✲ࡽࡣ㸪ឤࡢ㛤♧ࡼࡿ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ ឤኚࢆாཷࡍࡿࡣ㸪༢ฟ᮶ࢆゝ ㄒⓗ㛤♧ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡑࡢឤࡸ ಶேⓗពࢆ῝ࡃయ㦂ࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛㸪ⴱ⸨ࢆ ᅇ㑊ࡏࡎ㛤♧㛵ࡋ࡚Ὕᐹࡍࡿࡇࡀ 㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ ࡽ㸪➹グෆᐜࡢኚࡢ᭷↓ࡀ≧ࡢᨵ ၿࡸᗣቑ㐍ࡁࡃ㛵ࢃࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡇࡀ ศࡿࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ከࡃࡢ➹グ㛤♧ἲ ◊✲ࡀຠᯝኚᩘ࡛ࡢ᳨ド␃ࡲࡾ㸪➹グෆ ᐜࡢศᯒࡲ࡛⮳ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ≉㸪ࢺࣛ ࣐࢘⥔ᣢ⩌ᑐࡋ࡚⾜࠺㊥㞳ࢆពᅗࡋࡓ ᵓ㐀➹グ㛤♧ἲࡢຠᯝࡢ᳨ウ࠾࠸࡚㸪 ࡑࡢ➹グෆᐜࡶ↔Ⅼࢆᙜ᳨࡚࡚ドࡋࡓ◊ ✲ࡣᮏ㑥࡛ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡼࡗ࡚ᮏ◊✲࡛ ࡣୖ㏙ࡢ┠ⓗຍ࠼࡚㸪㛤♧⩌࠾ࡅࡿ➹ グෆᐜࡢኚࢆศᯒࡋ㸪ຠᯝኚᩘࡢ㛵㐃 ࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡇࡶేࡏ࡚⾜࠺ࠋ ௨ୖࡼࡾ㸪ᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗࢆ௨ୗࡍࡿࠋ ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪୰㔝࣭ஂᴦ࣭ྜྷ⏣࣭బ⸨(2012) ೌࡗࡓᵓ㐀➹グ㛤♧ἲ㊥㞳ࡢ㛵㐃 㸪ᚰ㌟ࡢᗣࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ㸪୰ᕝ࣭୰㔝࣭ బ⸨(2008)ೌ࠸ 6 ࣨ᭶ࡢ⤫ไᮇ㛫ࢆ⨨ࡁ ᢳฟࡋࡓ㸪እയᚋࢫࢺࣞࢫᛂࢆ⥔ᣢࡉࡏ ࡚࠸ࡿಶே㸪ࡘࡲࡾࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘⥔ᣢ⩌ᑐࡋ ࡚ධᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ᳨࡛ドࡍࡿࡇࢆᮏ ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗࡍࡿࠋ࠶ࢃࡏ࡚㸪ࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘ࡢ ➹グ㛤♧ෆᐜ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ࡑࡢᙳ㡪ࡢ㛵 㐃ࢆぢࡿࠋ ᪉ἲ 1. ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ࡢᢳฟ A ┴ෆࡢᅜ❧Ꮫ⏕ 847 ྡࢆᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚㸪 ᤵᴗࡢ๓ᚋ㉁ၥ⣬ࢆ㓄ᕸࡋ㸪➨1 ᅇ┠(௨ ୗtime1)ࡢㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋㄪᰝෆᐜࡣձࣇ ࢙ࢫࢩ࣮ࢺ㸪ղబ⸨࣭ᆏ㔝(2001)ࡼࡗ ࡚సᡂࡉࢀࡓእയయ㦂ㄪᰝ⚊㸪ճฟ᮶ ࣥࣃࢡࢺᑻᗘ㸦Impact of Event Scale/௨ୗ IES㸧᪥ᮏㄒ∧(Asukai & Miyake, 1998㸧㸪 մฟ᮶ᑐࡍࡿほⓗⱞ③ᗘ࣭㛤♧ᗘ࣭ 㛤♧ḧồᗘࢆၥ࠺ࡶࡢࡢ 4 Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋղ ࡢእയయ㦂ㄪᰝ⚊ࡣ㸪ࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘ࡢ᭷↓ࢆၥ ࠸㸪ࡉࡽయ㦂ᮇෆᐜࢆၥ࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㝿ࡶ㸪ᅇ⟅ࡣᙉไ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ᅇ⟅ ࡢ㠀ࡀᡂ⦼➼ࡣᙳ㡪ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇࢆ⾲⣬ グ㍕ࡋࡓୖ࡛㸪ཱྀ㢌࡛ࡶᩍ♧ࡋ㸪ࡀ୍ ㄪᰝࡢᙳ㡪ࡀฟࡓሙྜࡢࡓࡵ㸪⡆༢࡞ࣜ ࣛࢡࢭ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ᪉ἲ◊✲⪅ࡢ㐃⤡ඛ ࢆグ㍕ࡋࡓ⣬ࢆ㓄ᕸࡋ㸪㐃⤡ࢆ㈔࠼ࡤ࠸ࡘ ࡛ࡶᑐᛂࡍࡿ᪨ࢆཱྀ㢌࡛ࡶᩍ♧ࡍࡿ࡞ࡢ ⌮ⓗ㓄៖ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ㝿㸪➨2 ᅇ┠ࡢ ㄪᰝ(௨ୗ time2)ࡢ༠ຊࢆࡋ࡚ࡶࡼ࠸ ࠸࠺ሙྜࡣ㸪ྡ๓㐃⤡ඛࢆグ㍕ࡍࡿࡼ ࠺ㄪᰝᑐ㇟⪅౫㢗ࡋࡓࠋ ࡇࡢㄪᰝ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㓄ᕸࡋࡓ㉁ၥ⣬ 847 㒊ᑐࡋ㸪ᅇ 792 㒊㸪࠺ࡕ㸪ⓑ⣬ᅇ ᅇ⟅ഛࡢ࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡀ14 㒊㸪ᅇ⟅ ࡢᑐ㇟࡞ࡿฟ᮶ࡀ࡞ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㏵୰ࡲ ࡛ࡢᅇ⟅࡞ࡗࡓ㸪ࡶࡋࡃࡣఱฟ᮶ࡀ ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶIES ᚓⅬࡀ࢝ࢵࢺ࢜ࣇ௨ୗ࡛࠶ࡗ ࡓࡶࡢࡀ676 㒊࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪ศᯒࡢᑐ㇟ ࡛ࡁࡿ᭷ຠᅇ⟅ࡣ101 㒊㸪᭷ຠᅇ⟅⋡ࡣ 12.99㸣࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ࠺ࡕ௨㝆ࡢㄪᰝࡢ༠ ຊࡢࡓࡵ㐃⤡ඛࢆグ㍕ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓࡢࡣ 57 ྡ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ time1 ࡽ 6 ࣨ᭶ᚋ time2 ࡢㄪᰝࢆ⾜ ࠺ࡓࡵ㸪㟁ヰࡶࡋࡃࡣE ࣓࣮࡛ࣝㄪᰝ༠ຊ ⪅ࡢ୍㒊ᐇ㦂ᐊࡢ᮶ᐊࢆ౫㢗ࡋࡓࠋ౫ 㢗ࡢᑐ㇟࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣ㸪time1 ㄪᰝ㐃 ⤡ඛࢆグ㍕ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡘࠕࡘ࡚ ⤒㦂ࡋࡓࡁྠࡌⱞ③ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ⥆ࡅ࡚ ࠸ࡿฟ᮶ࠖࢆᣢࡕ㸪ࡘ㸪IES ࡢ࢝ࢵࢺ ࢜ࣇ࣏ࣥࢺ 9 Ⅼ௨ୖࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓே 57 ே࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋtime1 time2 ࡢ㛫㝸ࡢཧ⪃ ࡋ ࡓ ᇶ ‽ ࡣ 㸪 ⥔ ᣢ ⩌ ࢆ ᢳ ฟ ࡋ ࡓ ୰ ᕝ (2008)ೌ࠸㸪6 ࣧ᭶㛫ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ㐃⤡ ᑐࡋ㸪16 ྡࡣ㐃⤡ࡀࡘࡎ㸪14 ྡࡣከᛁ ࡢࡓࡵ᮶ᐊࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸࠸࠺⌮⏤࡛᮶ᐊࢆ᩿ ࡾ㸪⤖ᯝ᮶ᐊࢆᢎㅙࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓࡢࡣ27 ྡ࡛ ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢෆ2 ྡࡣᙜ᪥᮶ᐊࡋ࡚㈔࠼ࡎ㸪 25 ྡࡀᐇ㝿᮶ᐊࡋࡓࠋ ᐇ㦂⏝࠸ࡓᐇ㦂ᐊࡣ㸪ᚨᓥᏛ⥲ྜ⛉ Ꮫ㒊3 ྕ㤋ෆ➨ 4 ᐇ㦂ᐊ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ᮶ᐊࡋ ࡓㄪᰝ༠ຊ⪅ࡣ㸪ᐇ㦂ᐊධᐊᚋ㸪ࡲࡎ time1 ㄪᰝ࡛グ㍕ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽࡗࡓࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘ࡀ ఱ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚ࡶࡽࡗࡓᚋ㸪ㄪ ᰝ⏝⣬ࢆᡭΏࡋ㸪◊✲⪅ࡣㄪᰝ༠ຊ⪅ࡢᅇ ⟅ࡢᵝᏊࡀ┠ධࡽ࡞࠸⨨⛣ືࡋ㸪ࡑ ࡢᚋᅇ⟅ࢆ㛤ጞࡋ࡚ࡶࡽࡗࡓࠋㄪᰝෆᐜࡣ time1 ࡢㄪᰝ⏝⣬ࡽ㸪ղእയయ㦂ㄪᰝ⚊ ࢆ㝖࠸ࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ⌮ⓗ㓄៖ࡋ࡚㸪ᡭඖࣜࣛࢡࢭ࣮ࢩ ࣙࣥࡢ⏝⣬ࢆ⏝ពࡋ㸪ࠕఱ࠶ࡗࡓࡽኌࢆ ࡅ࡚ୗࡉ࠸ࠖᩍ♧㸪◊✲⪅ࡣᚲࡎᐊෆ࡛ ᚅᶵࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࡋࡓࠋࡀ୍ㄪᰝ༠ຊ⪅ࡀ ㄪࢆッ࠼ࡿ࡞ࡋࡓሙྜഛ࠼㸪⮫ᗋᚰ ⌮ኈࡢ㈨᱁ࢆᣢࡘᚰ⌮Ꮫࢥ࣮ࢫࡢᩍဨ 1 ྡ 㐃⤡ࡉࡏ࡚ࡶࡽ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺౫㢗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪ㄪᰝ⤊ࡣ㸪⡆༢࡞ࣜࣛࢡࢭ࣮ ࢩࣙࣥἲ◊✲⪅ࡢ㐃⤡ඛࢆグ㍕ࡋࡓ⏝⣬ ࢆᣢࡕᖐࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡼ࠺ࡋࡓࠋ ㄪᰝᮇ㛫ࡣ㸪time1 ㄪᰝࡀ 2013 ᖺ 4 ᭶࣭ 5 ᭶㸪time2 ㄪᰝࡀ 10 ᭶࣭11 ᭶࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ᮶ᐊࡋ࡚㈔࠼ࡓཧຍ⪅ࡢ࠺ࡕtime2 Ⅼ࡛ ࡶIES ࡢ࢝ࢵࢺ࢜ࣇ࣏ࣥࢺ 9 Ⅼ௨ୖࢆ⥔ ᣢࡋࡓ⪅㸪time2 ᐃᚋ㸪⢭⚄ᝈ⡆᫆ ᵓ㐀㠃᥋᪥ᮏㄒ∧(Sheehan & Lecrubier, 2003; ௨ୗ M.I.N.I.)ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ PTSD ࠸࡛ ࡞࠸ࡇࢆ☜ㄆࡋ㸪ࡉࡽ⌧ᅾ⮫ᗋᚰ⌮┦ ㄯᐊࡸ⢭⚄࣭ᚰ⒪ෆ⛉࡞ࡢ㛵㐃ࡢᑓ 㛛ᶵ㛵ࡢ⏝ࡀ࡞࠸ࡇࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓᚋ㸪ᘬ ࡁ⥆࠸࡚ࡢᐇ㦂ࡢཧຍࢆᡴデࡋ㸪ᐇ㦂ࡢ ㄝ᫂ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚㸪ᐇ㦂ཧຍࡢྠព(I.C.)ࢆ ࡗࡓࠋ ༠ຊ⪅25 ྡࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪7 ྡᘬࡁ⥆࠸࡚ࡢ ༠ຊ౫㢗ࡣ⾜ࢃࡎ(ෆヂ㸹⮬↛ᅇ࡛ IES ࡀ ࢝ࢵࢺ࢜ࣇ࣏ࣥࢺ௨ୗపୗ4 ྡ㸪ᑓ㛛 ᶵ㛵ཷデ୰1 ྡ㸪ᐇ㦂⪅ഃࡢᡭ㐪࠸࡛౫㢗 ฟ᮶࡞ࡗࡓ1 ྡ)㸪1 ྡࡣ౫㢗ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡀ ከᛁࡢࡓࡵ௨ᚋ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚ࡢ༠ຊࡣ᩿ࡗࡓࡓ ࡵ㸪ᐇ㦂ࡢཧຍ⪅ࡣィ17 ྡ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ࡣ㊥㞳ࢆពᅗࡋࡓタၥἢࡗ
࡚ᵓ㐀ࡉࢀࡓ㛤♧ࢆ➹グ࡚⾜࠺⩌(௨ ୗᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌)㸪Pennebaker(2004)ࡢ᪉ ἲࢆཧ⪃ࡋࡓฟ᮶㛵ࡍࡿᐇࡸឤ ࢆ⮬⏤㛤♧ࡍࡿ➹グࢆ⾜࠺⩌(௨ୗ⮬⏤ 㛤♧⩌)㸪ฟ᮶㛵ಀࡢ࡞࠸ࢽ࣮ࣗࢺࣛࣝ ࡞ෆᐜ࡛㸪ࡘ㛤♧ⓗഃ㠃ࢆྵࡴ➹グࢆ⾜ ࠺⩌(௨ୗ⤫ไ⩌)ࡢ 3 ⩌ࣛࣥࢲ࣒ࡾ ࡽࢀࡓࠋ ௨ୖࡼࡾ㸪ᐇ㦂㛤ጞࡢྛ⩌ࡢேᩘࡣᵓ 㐀㛤♧⩌6 ྡ㸪⮬⏤㛤♧⩌ 5 ྡ㸪⤫ไ⩌ 6 ྡࡾࡗࡓࡀ㸪ᐇ㦂ᮇ㛫୰ 3 ྡࡢ ࢻࣟࢵࣉ࢘ࢺࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪᭱⤊ⓗ࡞ศᯒᑐ㇟ ⪅ࡣᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌6 ྡ㸪⮬⏤㛤♧⩌ 4 ྡ㸪 ⤫ไ⩌ 4 ྡ࡞ࡗࡓ(ィ 14 ྡ㸪ᖺ㱋ᖹᆒ 19.39㸪ᶆ‽೫ᕪ 0.79)ࠋ 2. ᐇ㦂ᡭ⥆ࡁ ᐇ㦂༠ຊ⪅ࡣ㸪I.C.ࡢᚋ➨ 1 ᅇ┠ ᐃ (➹グ๓ࡢ ᐃ㸹௨ୗ pre)ࢆࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸㸪ࡑ ࡢᚋ1 㐌㛫ࡈ 3 ᅇ㸪ධ(S1㸪S2㸪S3) ࡢࡓࡵ᮶ᐊࡋ࡚ࡶࡽࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽ㸪S3 ⤊ ࡽ 2 㐌㛫ᚋ(௨ୗ 2w)࣭1 ࣨ᭶ᚋ(௨ୗ 1m)ຠᯝࡢ ᐃࡢࡓࡵ᮶ᐊࡋ࡚ࡶࡽࡗ ࡓࠋ2w ࡣ➹グࡢ▷ᮇⓗ࡞ຠᯝ㸪1m ࡣ➹グ ࡢ୰ᮇⓗ࡞ຠᯝࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ ᐃ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋ ᐃ㸪➹グㄢ㢟ࡣ࡚ᐇ㦂ᐊෆࡢ㜵㡢࣭ 㐽ගᵝࡢࢩ࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣒࡛ࣝ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ᐃࡢ㝿ࡣᐇ㦂⪅ࡶࢩ࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣒ࣝෆ ྠ⾜ࡋ㸪㉁ၥ⣬ᅇ⟅୰࣭ ᐃ୰ࡣᐇ㦂༠ຊ ⪅ࡢど⏺ධࡽ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ᚋ᪉ࡢᖍ⛣ືࡋ ࡓࠋ ➹グࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢ㝿ࡣࢩ࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣒ࣝධ ᐊᚋ㸪ᣦᶆࡢ ᐃࢆ⾜࠸㸪ࡑࡢᚋ➹グㄢ㢟 ࡢᩍ♧ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋྛ⩌ࡢ➹グࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢ ᩍ♧ࡣ㸪ᩍ♧ᩥࢆ༳ๅࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆ⏝ពࡋ࡚ ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ᥦ♧ࡋ㸪ᐇ㦂⪅ࡶ㡢ㄞࡋࡓࠋ ࡇࡢᩍ♧⏝⣬ࡣ➹グ୰ࡶᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ࡢᡭඖ ⨨࠸࡚㸪ㄢ㢟ࡀࢃࡽ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡣ ☜ㄆࡋ࡚ࡶࡼ࠸᪨ࢆఏ࠼ࡓࠋᩍ♧ࡢᚋ㸪 ᫂࡞Ⅼࡀ࡞࠸ࡇࢆᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅☜ㄆࡋ㸪 ➹グ⏝⣬ࢆᡭΏࡋ࡚㸪ᐇ㦂⪅ࡣࢩ࣮ࣝࢻࣝ ࣮࣒ࡽ㏥ᐊ㸪➹グㄢ㢟ࢆᐇࡋ࡚ࡶࡽࡗ ࡓࠋ19 ศ࡛ṧࡾ 1 ศࡢྜᅗࡢࣀࢵࢡࢆ㸪20 ศ࡛ᗘ⤊ࡢྜᅗࡢࣀࢵࢡࢆ⾜࠸㸪ᡬࢆ ᑡࡋ㛤ࡅ࡚㸪ᐇ㦂༠ຊ⪅ධᐊࡢチྍࢆ ࡗ࡚ࡽධᐊࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ┤ᚋ༶ⓗຠᯝ ࡢᣦᶆࡢ ᐃ࣭ᐇ㦂᧯సࡢጇᙜᛶࡢᣦᶆ ࡢᅇ⟅ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡶࡽࡗࡓࠋ➹グㄢ㢟୰㸪ᐇ 㦂⪅ࡣࢩ࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣒ࣝእ㏥ᐊࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ㸪 Ẽศࡀᝏࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡽᐊእኌࢆࡅ࡚ࡃࢀ ࢀࡤࡍࡳࡸᐇ㦂ࢆ୰Ṇࡍࡿ᪨ࢆᐇ㦂༠ ຊ⪅๓ఏ࠼㸪ᐇ㦂༠ຊ⪅ࡀ➹グ୰ ΰࢆ࿊ࡋࡓሙྜഛ࠼㸪ᐇ㦂⪅ࡣᚲࡎᐇ 㦂ᐊෆ࡛ᚅᶵࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ᐇ㦂ࡢᮇ㛫ࢆࡋࡓᐇ㦂༠ຊ⪅ࡣ㸪 ᗘ᮶ᐊࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸㸪ࢹࣈ࣮ࣜࣇࣥࢢ ㅰ♩ࡢ㐍࿊ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ 3. ྛ⩌ࡢ➹グㄢ㢟 ձᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌ ᑠᰘࡽ(2012)ೌ࠸㸪ᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌ࡢ➹ グㄢ㢟ࡣ㊥㞳ࢆಁࡏࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿㄢ㢟 ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓࠋ᭱ึࡢ➹グࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ(௨ୗ S1)࡛ձฟ᮶ࡢ࠾࠾ࡲ࡞➹グ㸪ղ᭱ࡶ㎞ ࡗࡓ▐㛫࣭ືᦂࡋࡓ▐㛫㛵ࡍࡿ➹グ㸪 ճࡑࡢ▐㛫ᑐࡍࡿㄆ▱ࡢ➹グ㸪2 ᅇ┠ࡢ ➹グࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ(௨ୗ S2)࡛ྠᵝࡢయ㦂ࢆࡋ ࡚ྠᵝࡢㄆ▱ࢆᣢࡘேࡢࢻࣂࢫࢆ ➹グ㸪᭱ᚋࡢ➹グࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ(௨ୗ S3)࡛ S2 ࢻࣂࢫࢆ S1 ⤌ࡳ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡢ➹グࢆ ⾜ࡗ࡚㈔࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ලయⓗ࡞ᩍ♧ࡢෆᐜࡣ㸪௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ S1㸸ࠕ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽ➨ 1 ᅇ┠ࡢ➹グㄢ㢟 ࢆࡣࡌࡵࡿࡇࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡲࡎ㸪ձ࠶
࡚ᵓ㐀ࡉࢀࡓ㛤♧ࢆ➹グ࡚⾜࠺⩌(௨ ୗᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌)㸪Pennebaker(2004)ࡢ᪉ ἲࢆཧ⪃ࡋࡓฟ᮶㛵ࡍࡿᐇࡸឤ ࢆ⮬⏤㛤♧ࡍࡿ➹グࢆ⾜࠺⩌(௨ୗ⮬⏤ 㛤♧⩌)㸪ฟ᮶㛵ಀࡢ࡞࠸ࢽ࣮ࣗࢺࣛࣝ ࡞ෆᐜ࡛㸪ࡘ㛤♧ⓗഃ㠃ࢆྵࡴ➹グࢆ⾜ ࠺⩌(௨ୗ⤫ไ⩌)ࡢ 3 ⩌ࣛࣥࢲ࣒ࡾ ࡽࢀࡓࠋ ௨ୖࡼࡾ㸪ᐇ㦂㛤ጞࡢྛ⩌ࡢேᩘࡣᵓ 㐀㛤♧⩌6 ྡ㸪⮬⏤㛤♧⩌ 5 ྡ㸪⤫ไ⩌ 6 ྡࡾࡗࡓࡀ㸪ᐇ㦂ᮇ㛫୰ 3 ྡࡢ ࢻࣟࢵࣉ࢘ࢺࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪᭱⤊ⓗ࡞ศᯒᑐ㇟ ⪅ࡣᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌6 ྡ㸪⮬⏤㛤♧⩌ 4 ྡ㸪 ⤫ไ⩌ 4 ྡ࡞ࡗࡓ(ィ 14 ྡ㸪ᖺ㱋ᖹᆒ 19.39㸪ᶆ‽೫ᕪ 0.79)ࠋ 2. ᐇ㦂ᡭ⥆ࡁ ᐇ㦂༠ຊ⪅ࡣ㸪I.C.ࡢᚋ➨ 1 ᅇ┠ ᐃ (➹グ๓ࡢ ᐃ㸹௨ୗ pre)ࢆࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸㸪ࡑ ࡢᚋ1 㐌㛫ࡈ 3 ᅇ㸪ධ(S1㸪S2㸪S3) ࡢࡓࡵ᮶ᐊࡋ࡚ࡶࡽࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽ㸪S3 ⤊ ࡽ 2 㐌㛫ᚋ(௨ୗ 2w)࣭1 ࣨ᭶ᚋ(௨ୗ 1m)ຠᯝࡢ ᐃࡢࡓࡵ᮶ᐊࡋ࡚ࡶࡽࡗ ࡓࠋ2w ࡣ➹グࡢ▷ᮇⓗ࡞ຠᯝ㸪1m ࡣ➹グ ࡢ୰ᮇⓗ࡞ຠᯝࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ ᐃ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋ ᐃ㸪➹グㄢ㢟ࡣ࡚ᐇ㦂ᐊෆࡢ㜵㡢࣭ 㐽ගᵝࡢࢩ࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣒࡛ࣝ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ᐃࡢ㝿ࡣᐇ㦂⪅ࡶࢩ࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣒ࣝෆ ྠ⾜ࡋ㸪㉁ၥ⣬ᅇ⟅୰࣭ ᐃ୰ࡣᐇ㦂༠ຊ ⪅ࡢど⏺ධࡽ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ᚋ᪉ࡢᖍ⛣ືࡋ ࡓࠋ ➹グࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢ㝿ࡣࢩ࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣒ࣝධ ᐊᚋ㸪ᣦᶆࡢ ᐃࢆ⾜࠸㸪ࡑࡢᚋ➹グㄢ㢟 ࡢᩍ♧ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋྛ⩌ࡢ➹グࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢ ᩍ♧ࡣ㸪ᩍ♧ᩥࢆ༳ๅࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆ⏝ពࡋ࡚ ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ᥦ♧ࡋ㸪ᐇ㦂⪅ࡶ㡢ㄞࡋࡓࠋ ࡇࡢᩍ♧⏝⣬ࡣ➹グ୰ࡶᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ࡢᡭඖ ⨨࠸࡚㸪ㄢ㢟ࡀࢃࡽ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡣ ☜ㄆࡋ࡚ࡶࡼ࠸᪨ࢆఏ࠼ࡓࠋᩍ♧ࡢᚋ㸪 ᫂࡞Ⅼࡀ࡞࠸ࡇࢆᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅☜ㄆࡋ㸪 ➹グ⏝⣬ࢆᡭΏࡋ࡚㸪ᐇ㦂⪅ࡣࢩ࣮ࣝࢻࣝ ࣮࣒ࡽ㏥ᐊ㸪➹グㄢ㢟ࢆᐇࡋ࡚ࡶࡽࡗ ࡓࠋ19 ศ࡛ṧࡾ 1 ศࡢྜᅗࡢࣀࢵࢡࢆ㸪20 ศ࡛ᗘ⤊ࡢྜᅗࡢࣀࢵࢡࢆ⾜࠸㸪ᡬࢆ ᑡࡋ㛤ࡅ࡚㸪ᐇ㦂༠ຊ⪅ධᐊࡢチྍࢆ ࡗ࡚ࡽධᐊࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ┤ᚋ༶ⓗຠᯝ ࡢᣦᶆࡢ ᐃ࣭ᐇ㦂᧯సࡢጇᙜᛶࡢᣦᶆ ࡢᅇ⟅ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡶࡽࡗࡓࠋ➹グㄢ㢟୰㸪ᐇ 㦂⪅ࡣࢩ࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣒ࣝእ㏥ᐊࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ㸪 Ẽศࡀᝏࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡽᐊእኌࢆࡅ࡚ࡃࢀ ࢀࡤࡍࡳࡸᐇ㦂ࢆ୰Ṇࡍࡿ᪨ࢆᐇ㦂༠ ຊ⪅๓ఏ࠼㸪ᐇ㦂༠ຊ⪅ࡀ➹グ୰ ΰࢆ࿊ࡋࡓሙྜഛ࠼㸪ᐇ㦂⪅ࡣᚲࡎᐇ 㦂ᐊෆ࡛ᚅᶵࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ᐇ㦂ࡢᮇ㛫ࢆࡋࡓᐇ㦂༠ຊ⪅ࡣ㸪 ᗘ᮶ᐊࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸㸪ࢹࣈ࣮ࣜࣇࣥࢢ ㅰ♩ࡢ㐍࿊ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ 3. ྛ⩌ࡢ➹グㄢ㢟 ձᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌ ᑠᰘࡽ(2012)ೌ࠸㸪ᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌ࡢ➹ グㄢ㢟ࡣ㊥㞳ࢆಁࡏࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿㄢ㢟 ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓࠋ᭱ึࡢ➹グࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ(௨ୗ S1)࡛ձฟ᮶ࡢ࠾࠾ࡲ࡞➹グ㸪ղ᭱ࡶ㎞ ࡗࡓ▐㛫࣭ືᦂࡋࡓ▐㛫㛵ࡍࡿ➹グ㸪 ճࡑࡢ▐㛫ᑐࡍࡿㄆ▱ࡢ➹グ㸪2 ᅇ┠ࡢ ➹グࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ(௨ୗ S2)࡛ྠᵝࡢయ㦂ࢆࡋ ࡚ྠᵝࡢㄆ▱ࢆᣢࡘேࡢࢻࣂࢫࢆ ➹グ㸪᭱ᚋࡢ➹グࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ(௨ୗ S3)࡛ S2 ࢻࣂࢫࢆ S1 ⤌ࡳ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡢ➹グࢆ ⾜ࡗ࡚㈔࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ලయⓗ࡞ᩍ♧ࡢෆᐜࡣ㸪௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ S1㸸ࠕ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽ➨ 1 ᅇ┠ࡢ➹グㄢ㢟 ࢆࡣࡌࡵࡿࡇࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡲࡎ㸪ձ࠶ ࡞ࡓࡢࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞ឤయ㦂ࢆᛮ࠸ฟࡋ㸪 ᭩ࡁฟࡍࡇࡽጞࡵࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡣ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞య㦂ࡔࡗࡓࡢࢆ㸪⡆༢᭩ࡁฟ ࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋḟ㸪ղࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶ᭱ࡶ ㎞ࡗࡓ▐㛫㸪ືᦂࡋࡓ▐㛫ࡘ࠸࡚㸪࡛ ࡁࡿࡔࡅලయⓗ㸪ヲࡋࡃ᭩ࡁࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡑࡢఱࡀ㉳ࡇࡾ㸪࠶࡞ࡓࡣఱࢆぢ࡚ఱࢆ ⪺࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚࠶࡞ࡓࡣ࠺ ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚᭱ᚋ㸪ճࡑࡢ ▐㛫ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⪃࠼ࡀᾋࢇ࡛࠸ ࡿࢆ᭩࠸࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࠼ࡤ㸪࠶࡞ࡓ ⮬㌟ࡸ࠶࡞ࡓࡢᑗ᮶ᑐࡍࡿ⪃࠼㸪⪅ࡸ ୡ⏺ᑐࡍࡿ⪃࠼࡞࡛ࡍࠋ⏝⣬ࡀ㊊ࡾ࡞ ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓሙྜࡣ㸪ணഛࡢ⏝⣬ࢆࡗ࡚ᵓ࠸ ࡲࡏࢇࠋࡲࡓ㸪ูࡢࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞ឤయ㦂 ࡘ࠸࡚᭩ࡁࡓࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡽ㸪ணഛࡢ⏝⣬ࢆ ࡗ࡚᭩ࡁࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࠖ S2㸸ࠕ᪥ࡣ➹グㄢ㢟ࡢ➨ 2 ᅇ┠࡛ࡍࠋ๓ ᅇࡣ㸪ձ࠶࡞ࡓࡢࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞ឤయ㦂㸪 ղࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶ᭱ࡶ㎞ࡗࡓ▐㛫㸪ືᦂࡋࡓ ▐㛫ࡘ࠸࡚㸪࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅලయⓗ㸪ヲࡋ ࡃ᭩ࡁ㸪᭱ᚋ㸪ճࡑࡢ▐㛫ᑐࡋ࡚ᾋ ࢇࡔ⪃࠼ࢆ᭩ࡁฟࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋᅇࡢ➹グㄢ 㢟ࡣ㸪๓ᅇࡢ➹グㄢ㢟࡛᭩࠸ࡓෆᐜࢆ㋃ࡲ ࠼࡚㸪ࠗ࠶࡞ࡓࡢぶࡀ࠶࡞ࡓྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ ฟ᮶ࢆ⤒㦂ࡋ㸪ࡑࡇࡽྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞⪃࠼ ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ㸪ఱࢻࣂࢫࡍࡿ࠘ ࢆ᭩࠸࡚ࡳࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ࠾࠸ఱ࡛ࡶヰ ࡏ࡚㸪ࡶࡋᅔࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡽຊ࡞ࡗ࡚࠶ࡆࡓ ࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ぶࡀ㸪࠶࡞ࡓྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ฟ᮶ ࢆ⤒㦂ࡋ࡚㸪࠶࡞ࡓࡑࡢࡇࢆヰࡋࡲ ࡋࡓࠋ࠶࡞ࡓࡣࡦࡋࡁࡾ㸪ࡑࡢⱞ③ࡸ㎞ ࡉ࡞ࡢẼᣢࡕࢆཷࡅṆࡵ࡚㸪Ẽᣢࡕࢆᐹ ࡋ࡚ኌࢆࡅ㸪ぶࡣࡦࡲࡎࡣⴠࡕ╔ࡁ ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋ࠺ࡸࡽ㸪ࡑࡢฟ᮶ࡢ⤒ 㦂ࡸ㸪ࡑࡇࡽฟ࡚ࡃࡿ⪃࠼ࡘ࠸࡚㸪 ࠺ࡋࡓࡽࡼ࠸ࡢ㸪ࢻࣂࢫࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ ࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡢࢻࣂࢫࡢࢥࢶࡣ 㸨ẼᣢࡕࢆཷࡅṆࡵ࡚࠶ࡆࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ 㸨ࠗࡶ࠺ࡑࡢࡇࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ ࡋࡼ࠺ࠖゝ࠺ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠘㸨ᐈほⓗ ≧ἣࢆᩚ⌮ࡋぢ┤ࡋ࡚࠶ࡆࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ ࡍࠋࠖ S3㸸ࠕ᪥ࡣ➹グㄢ㢟ࡢ➨ 3 ᅇ┠࡛㸪᭱⤊ ᅇ࡛ࡍࠋ➨1 ᅇ┠ࡢ➹グㄢ㢟ࡣ㸪ձ࠶࡞ࡓ ࡢࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞ឤయ㦂㸪ղࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶ ᭱ࡶ㎞ࡗࡓ▐㛫㸪ືᦂࡋࡓ▐㛫ࡘ࠸࡚㸪 ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅලయⓗ㸪ヲࡋࡃ᭩ࡁ㸪᭱ᚋ㸪 ճࡑࡢ▐㛫ᑐࡋ࡚ᾋࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࢆ᭩ ࡁฟࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚➨ 2 ᅇ┠ࡢ➹グㄢ㢟 ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢࡇࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚㸪ぶࡀྠࡌࡼ ࠺࡞య㦂ࢆࡋࡓሙྜఱࢻࣂࢫࡍࡿ ࢆ᭩ࡁฟࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ᪥ࡢ➹グㄢ㢟ࡣ㸪➨ 1 ᅇ┠ࡢ➹グ࡛᭩ࡁฟࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡞㸪㉁ၥղ ࠗ᭱ࡶ㎞ࡗࡓ▐㛫㸪ືᦂࡋࡓ▐㛫࠘ࡸ㸪 ㉁ၥճࠗࡑࡢ▐㛫ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⪃࠼ ࡀᾋࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࠘ࢆ㸪ࡶ࠺୍ᗘ᭩࠸࡚ࡳ ࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡓࡔᅇࡣ㸪➨ 1 ᅇ┠㐪ࡗ ࡚㸪➨ 2 ᅇ┠࡛᭩࠸ࡓぶࡢᐈほⓗ࡞ ࢻࣂࢫࢆ⤌ࡳ㎸ࢇ࡛㸪ࠗ᭱ࡶ㎞ࡗࡓ▐㛫㸪 ືᦂࡋࡓ▐㛫࠘ࡸ㸪ࠗࡑࡢ▐㛫ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢ ࡼ࠺࡞⪃࠼ࡀᾋࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࠘ࢆ᭩࠸࡚ࡳ ࡚ୗࡉ࠸ࠋ⏝⣬ࡀ㊊ࡾ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓሙྜணഛ ࡢ⏝⣬ࢆࡗ࡚ᵓ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋࡲࡓ㸪௨๓ ➹グࡋࡓෆᐜࢆぬ࠼࡚࠸࡞࠸ሙྜ㸪௨๓ࡢ ➹グ⏝⣬ࢆࡳ࡚ࡶࡲ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋࠖ ղ⮬⏤㛤♧⩌ ⮬⏤㛤♧⩌ࡢ➹グㄢ㢟ࡣS1㹼3 ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ฟ ᮶ࡸฟ᮶㛵ࡍࡿឤࢆ⮬⏤➹グࡋ ࡚㈔࠺ࡶࡢࡋࡓࠋ ճ⤫ไ⩌ ⤫ไ⩌ࡢ➹グㄢ㢟ࡣ㸪S1 ࡛ᐇ㦂๓᪥ࡢ⾜ື㸪
S2 ࡛ᐇ㦂ᙜ᪥ᐇ㦂๓ࡢ⾜ື㸪S3 ࡛ᐇ㦂ᙜ ᪥ᐇ㦂ᚋࡢணᐃࢆ㸪ᛮ⪃ࡸឤࢆ࠼ࡎᐈ ほⓗ➹グࡋ࡚㈔࠺ࡶࡢࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ 4. ᗘ ձ⤫ไኚᩘ ᖺ㱋࣭ᛶู࣭ᗈ⩏ࡢࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘ࡢᛶ㉁(୰ ᕝ࣭୰㔝࣭బ⸨(2008)ࡢ᪉ἲࢆཧ⪃࢝ࢸ ࢦࣜ)࣭ᗈ⩏ࡢࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘ࡽࡢ⤒㐣ᮇ㛫 ࣞ࢟ࢩࢧ࣑ഴྥࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࢺࣟࣥ ࢺࣞ࢟ࢩࢧ࣑ᑻᗘ 20 㡯┠∧(Bagby et al., 1994)ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ∧(ᑠ∾࣭๓⏣࣭᭷ᮧ࣭ ୰⏣࣭⠛⏣࣭⥴᪉࣭ᚿᮧ࣭ᕝᮧ࣭ஂಖ⏣㸪 2003㸹௨ୗ TAS-20) ᢚ࠺ࡘഴྥࢆ ᐃࡍࡿ㸪ᢚ࠺ࡘࢫࢡ࣮ࣜ ࢽࣥࢢᑻᗘ(Radloff㸪1977)ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ∧(ᓥ࣭ 㮵㔝࣭ᮧ࣭ὸ㸪1985㸹௨ୗ CES-D) ▱ぬࡉࢀࡓࢫࢺࣞࢫᑻᗘ᪥ᮏㄒ∧(㮖ぢ㸪 2006㸹௨ୗ PSS)ࠋࡇࢀࡣྛ⩌࣭ྛᮇࡢ ࢫࢺࣞࢫ㈇Ⲵ೫ࡾࡀ࡞࠸ࡇࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿ ࡓࡵ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ ղᐇ㦂᧯సጇᙜᛶኚᩘ ឤࢆ➹グࡋࡓᗘྜ࠸(௨ୗ㸪ឤ➹グᗘ) ➹グࡼࡾືᦂࡋࡓᗘྜ࠸(௨ୗ㸪ືᦂᗘ) ➹グෆᐜࡀࣉ࣮ࣛ࣋ࢺ࡞ෆᐜ࡛࠶ࡗࡓᗘ ྜ࠸(௨ୗ㸪ಶேⓗᗘ) ճᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌ࡀᩍ♧㏻ࡾ➹グࢆ⾜࠼ࡓ ᗘྜ࠸ࢆၥ࠺㉁ၥ մ༶ⓗຠᯝኚᩘ ➹グࡢ๓ᚋ⌧ᅾࡢẼศࡘ࠸࡚ホᐃࡍ ࡿ Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale(Watson et al., 1988)ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ∧(బ ⸨࣭Ᏻ⏣, 2001㸹௨ୗ㸪PANAS)ࠋ 16 㡯 ┠ࡽ࡞ࡿ⮬グᘧࡢᑻᗘ࡛㸪࣏ࢪࢸࣈ ືᅉᏊ8 㡯┠࢞ࢸࣈືᅉᏊ 8 㡯┠ ࡽ࡞ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢືࡘ࠸࡚㸪0ࠕࡃ ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ㹼5ࠕ㠀ᖖࡼࡃᙜ࡚ࡣࡲ ࡿࠖࡢ6 ௳ἲ࡛ࡢホᐃࢆồࡵࡿࡶࡢࠋ ᵓ㐀࣭⮬⏤㛤♧⩌ࡢ2 ⩌ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ࢭ ࢵࢩࣙࣥࡈࡢࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘ࡽࡢ㊥㞳ࡢᗘ ྜ࠸ࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࠕฟ᮶㛵ࡋ࡚ᾋ ࢇ࡛ࡁࡓ⮬ศࡢ⪃࠼ࡽ㸪ᇳ╔ࡏࡎ㊥㞳ࢆ ⨨࠸࡚➹グࡋࡓᗘྜ࠸ࡣࢀࡃࡽ࠸࡛ࡍ 㸽ࠖ࠸࠺㉁ၥࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪0ࠕࡲࡗࡓࡃࡑ ࠺ᛮࢃ࡞࠸ࠖ㹼10ࠕࡲࡗࡓࡃࡑ࠺ᛮ࠺ࠖࡢ 11 ௳ἲ࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡿࡶࡢࠋ㸦௨ୗ㸪ほ ⓗ㊥㞳ᗘ㸧 յ▷࣭୰ᮇⓗຠᯝኚᩘ PTSR ࡢᣦᶆࡋ࡚ࡢ IES ᪥ᮏㄒ∧ࠋ ฟ᮶㛵ࡍࡿⱞ③ࡢᗘྜ࠸ࢆၥ࠺ 11 ௳ἲࡢ㉁ၥ(௨ୗ㸪ⱞ③ᗘ)ࠋ ㊥㞳ࡢᗘྜ࠸ࢆ ᐃࡍࡿㄆ▱ⓗ⤫ไᑻ ᗘ(ᮡᾆ㸪2007㸹௨ୗ CC)ࠋࠕㄽ⌮ⓗᅉᏊࠖ ࠕ◚ᒁⓗᛮ⪃ࡢ⦆ࠖࡢ 2 ࡘࡢୗᑻᗘ ࡽ࡞ࡿࠋࠕㄽ⌮ⓗᅉᏊࠖࡣ5 㡯┠࡛ၥ㢟 ᑐࡍࡿูࡢゎ㔘ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ㸪ࠕ◚ᒁⓗᛮ⪃ࡢ⦆ ࠖࡣ 6 㡯┠࡛ྰᐃⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃ࡀᾋࢇࡔ ࡑࢀᅽಽࡉࢀࡎ㸪◚ᒁⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃ࢆṆࡵ ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࠋィ11 㡯 ┠࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀ㸪1(ࡃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸)㹼4(☜ᐇ ࡛ࡁࡿ)ࡢ 4 ௳ἲ࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡿࡶࡢࠋ ㌟యⓗᗣࡢᗘྜ࠸ࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ⏝࠸ ࡓ Pennebaker Inventory of Limbic Languidness (Pennebaker, 1982)ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ ∧(బ⸨࣭ᆏ㔝㸪2001㸹௨ୗ㸪PILL)ࠋ⮬グ ᘧࡢᑻᗘ࡛㸪ࠕ┠ࡢ࠺ࡿࡳࠖ࡞54 㡯┠ ࡢ㌟యᚩೃࡘ࠸࡚㸪0ࠕࡑࡢ≧ࡣ୍ᗘࡶ ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࢇ⤒㦂ࡋࡓࡇࡀ࡞࠸ࠋࠖ㹼 4ࠕࡑࡢ≧ࡣ㐌ᩘᅇ⤒㦂ࡍࡿࠋࠖࡢ 5 ௳ ἲ࡛ࡢᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡿࡶࡢࠋ ⢭⚄ⓗᗣࡢᗘྜ࠸ࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ⏝࠸ ࡓThe General Health Questionnaire 28 㡯┠(Goldberg, 1972)ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ∧(୰ᕝ࣭
S2 ࡛ᐇ㦂ᙜ᪥ᐇ㦂๓ࡢ⾜ື㸪S3 ࡛ᐇ㦂ᙜ ᪥ᐇ㦂ᚋࡢணᐃࢆ㸪ᛮ⪃ࡸឤࢆ࠼ࡎᐈ ほⓗ➹グࡋ࡚㈔࠺ࡶࡢࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ 4. ᗘ ձ⤫ไኚᩘ ᖺ㱋࣭ᛶู࣭ᗈ⩏ࡢࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘ࡢᛶ㉁(୰ ᕝ࣭୰㔝࣭బ⸨(2008)ࡢ᪉ἲࢆཧ⪃࢝ࢸ ࢦࣜ)࣭ᗈ⩏ࡢࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘ࡽࡢ⤒㐣ᮇ㛫 ࣞ࢟ࢩࢧ࣑ഴྥࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࢺࣟࣥ ࢺࣞ࢟ࢩࢧ࣑ᑻᗘ 20 㡯┠∧(Bagby et al., 1994)ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ∧(ᑠ∾࣭๓⏣࣭᭷ᮧ࣭ ୰⏣࣭⠛⏣࣭⥴᪉࣭ᚿᮧ࣭ᕝᮧ࣭ஂಖ⏣㸪 2003㸹௨ୗ TAS-20) ᢚ࠺ࡘഴྥࢆ ᐃࡍࡿ㸪ᢚ࠺ࡘࢫࢡ࣮ࣜ ࢽࣥࢢᑻᗘ(Radloff㸪1977)ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ∧(ᓥ࣭ 㮵㔝࣭ᮧ࣭ὸ㸪1985㸹௨ୗ CES-D) ▱ぬࡉࢀࡓࢫࢺࣞࢫᑻᗘ᪥ᮏㄒ∧(㮖ぢ㸪 2006㸹௨ୗ PSS)ࠋࡇࢀࡣྛ⩌࣭ྛᮇࡢ ࢫࢺࣞࢫ㈇Ⲵ೫ࡾࡀ࡞࠸ࡇࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿ ࡓࡵ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ ղᐇ㦂᧯సጇᙜᛶኚᩘ ឤࢆ➹グࡋࡓᗘྜ࠸(௨ୗ㸪ឤ➹グᗘ) ➹グࡼࡾືᦂࡋࡓᗘྜ࠸(௨ୗ㸪ືᦂᗘ) ➹グෆᐜࡀࣉ࣮ࣛ࣋ࢺ࡞ෆᐜ࡛࠶ࡗࡓᗘ ྜ࠸(௨ୗ㸪ಶேⓗᗘ) ճᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌ࡀᩍ♧㏻ࡾ➹グࢆ⾜࠼ࡓ ᗘྜ࠸ࢆၥ࠺㉁ၥ մ༶ⓗຠᯝኚᩘ ➹グࡢ๓ᚋ⌧ᅾࡢẼศࡘ࠸࡚ホᐃࡍ ࡿ Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale(Watson et al., 1988)ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ∧(బ ⸨࣭Ᏻ⏣, 2001㸹௨ୗ㸪PANAS)ࠋ 16 㡯 ┠ࡽ࡞ࡿ⮬グᘧࡢᑻᗘ࡛㸪࣏ࢪࢸࣈ ືᅉᏊ8 㡯┠࢞ࢸࣈືᅉᏊ 8 㡯┠ ࡽ࡞ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢືࡘ࠸࡚㸪0ࠕࡃ ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ㹼5ࠕ㠀ᖖࡼࡃᙜ࡚ࡣࡲ ࡿࠖࡢ6 ௳ἲ࡛ࡢホᐃࢆồࡵࡿࡶࡢࠋ ᵓ㐀࣭⮬⏤㛤♧⩌ࡢ2 ⩌ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ࢭ ࢵࢩࣙࣥࡈࡢࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘ࡽࡢ㊥㞳ࡢᗘ ྜ࠸ࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࠕฟ᮶㛵ࡋ࡚ᾋ ࢇ࡛ࡁࡓ⮬ศࡢ⪃࠼ࡽ㸪ᇳ╔ࡏࡎ㊥㞳ࢆ ⨨࠸࡚➹グࡋࡓᗘྜ࠸ࡣࢀࡃࡽ࠸࡛ࡍ 㸽ࠖ࠸࠺㉁ၥࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪0ࠕࡲࡗࡓࡃࡑ ࠺ᛮࢃ࡞࠸ࠖ㹼10ࠕࡲࡗࡓࡃࡑ࠺ᛮ࠺ࠖࡢ 11 ௳ἲ࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡿࡶࡢࠋ㸦௨ୗ㸪ほ ⓗ㊥㞳ᗘ㸧 յ▷࣭୰ᮇⓗຠᯝኚᩘ PTSR ࡢᣦᶆࡋ࡚ࡢ IES ᪥ᮏㄒ∧ࠋ ฟ᮶㛵ࡍࡿⱞ③ࡢᗘྜ࠸ࢆၥ࠺ 11 ௳ἲࡢ㉁ၥ(௨ୗ㸪ⱞ③ᗘ)ࠋ ㊥㞳ࡢᗘྜ࠸ࢆ ᐃࡍࡿㄆ▱ⓗ⤫ไᑻ ᗘ(ᮡᾆ㸪2007㸹௨ୗ CC)ࠋࠕㄽ⌮ⓗᅉᏊࠖ ࠕ◚ᒁⓗᛮ⪃ࡢ⦆ࠖࡢ 2 ࡘࡢୗᑻᗘ ࡽ࡞ࡿࠋࠕㄽ⌮ⓗᅉᏊࠖࡣ5 㡯┠࡛ၥ㢟 ᑐࡍࡿูࡢゎ㔘ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ㸪ࠕ◚ᒁⓗᛮ⪃ࡢ⦆ ࠖࡣ 6 㡯┠࡛ྰᐃⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃ࡀᾋࢇࡔ ࡑࢀᅽಽࡉࢀࡎ㸪◚ᒁⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃ࢆṆࡵ ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࠋィ11 㡯 ┠࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀ㸪1(ࡃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸)㹼4(☜ᐇ ࡛ࡁࡿ)ࡢ 4 ௳ἲ࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡿࡶࡢࠋ ㌟యⓗᗣࡢᗘྜ࠸ࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ⏝࠸ ࡓ Pennebaker Inventory of Limbic Languidness (Pennebaker, 1982)ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ ∧(బ⸨࣭ᆏ㔝㸪2001㸹௨ୗ㸪PILL)ࠋ⮬グ ᘧࡢᑻᗘ࡛㸪ࠕ┠ࡢ࠺ࡿࡳࠖ࡞54 㡯┠ ࡢ㌟యᚩೃࡘ࠸࡚㸪0ࠕࡑࡢ≧ࡣ୍ᗘࡶ ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࢇ⤒㦂ࡋࡓࡇࡀ࡞࠸ࠋࠖ㹼 4ࠕࡑࡢ≧ࡣ㐌ᩘᅇ⤒㦂ࡍࡿࠋࠖࡢ 5 ௳ ἲ࡛ࡢᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡿࡶࡢࠋ ⢭⚄ⓗᗣࡢᗘྜ࠸ࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ⏝࠸ ࡓThe General Health Questionnaire 28 㡯┠(Goldberg, 1972)ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ∧(୰ᕝ࣭ ᆓ㸪1985㸹௨ୗ㸪GHQ28)ࠋ⮬グᘧࡢᑻᗘ ࡛㸪㌟యⓗ≧࣭Ᏻ╀࣭♫ⓗάື 㞀ᐖ࣭࠺ࡘഴྥࡢ4 ᅉᏊྛ 7 㡯┠࡛ᵓᡂࡉ ࢀࡿࠋ᭱㏆2 㐌㛫ࡢ≧ែࡘ࠸࡚ࡑࢀࡒࢀ ࡢ㉁ၥ㡯┠4 ௳ἲ࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵ㸪⤫ィฎ ⌮ࡢ㝿ࡣ0 1 ࡢ 2 ௳ἲኚࡍࡿࡶࡢࠋ ⤖ᯝ 1.ศᯒᑐ㇟⪅ ྛ⩌ࡢศᯒᑐ㇟⪅ࡣ㸪ᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌6 ྡ㸪 ⮬⏤㛤♧⩌4 ྡ㸪⤫ไ⩌ 4 ྡ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋྛ ⩌ࡢ᭶㱋(time1 )㸪ᛶู㸪ࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘ࡽࡢ ⤒㐣ᮇ㛫ࢆᚑᒓኚᩘࡋࡓ⩌(3)ࡢ୍ඖ㓄⨨ ศ ᩓ ศ ᯒ ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ᭶ 㱋 ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡣ 㸪 F(2,11)=.105㸪p=.901㸪ᛶูࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪 ⏨ᛶ1㸪ዪᛶ 0 ⟬ࡋࡓ್ࢆศᯒ⏝࠸㸪 F(2,11)=.050 㸪 p=.951 㸪 ⤒ 㐣 ᮇ 㛫 ࡣ 㸪 F(2,11)=.192㸪p=.828 ࡛㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶ⩌㛫 ⤫ィⓗ᭷ព࡞ᕪࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ 2.⤫ไኚᩘ ⩌㛫ࡢ⤫ไኚᩘ࡛࠶ࡿTAS-20 CES-D ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡽࢆᚑᒓኚᩘࡋࡓ⩌(3)ࡢ ୍ඖ㓄⨨ศᩓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡇࢁ㸪TAS-20 ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪F(2,11)=.105㸪p=.901㸪CES-D ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣF(2,11)=.050㸪p=.951 ࡛㸪࠸ࡎ ࢀࡶ⩌㛫᭷ព࡞ᕪࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ḟ㸪⩌ᮇ᪉ࡢ⤫ไኚᩘ࡛࠶ࡿ PSS ࡘ࠸࡚㸪⩌(3)ᮇ(3)ࡢඖ㓄⨨ศ ᩓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡇࢁ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶ᭷ព࡞ᕪ ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ(F(4,22)=.024㸪p=.976)ࠋ 3.ᐇ㦂᧯సࡢጇᙜᛶኚᩘ ឤ➹グᗘ࣭ືᦂᗘ࣭ಶேⓗᗘࡘ࠸࡚㸪 ࡑࢀࡽࢆᚑᒓኚᩘࡋࡓ⩌(3)ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ (3)ࡢඖ㓄⨨ศᩓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ a.ឤ➹グᗘ స⏝ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࡀ(F(4,22)=1.321㸪 p=.293) 㸪 ⩌ ࡢ ຠ ᯝ ࡀ ᭷ ព ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ (F(2,11)=20.951㸪p<.001)ࠋከ㔜ẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ࡗ ࡓࡇࢁ㸪ᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚⤫ไ⩌ ࡢ᪉ࡀ᭷ពపࡃ(p=.001)㸪ࡲࡓ㸪⮬⏤㛤 ♧⩌ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚⤫ไ⩌ࡢ᪉ࡀ᭷ពపࡗ ࡓ(p<.001)ࠋ b.ືᦂᗘ ⩌ࡢຠᯝ(F(2,11)=10.771㸪p=.003)ࢭ ࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢຠᯝ(F(1.345, 14.798)=6.658㸪 p=.015)ࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋከ㔜ẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ ࡇࢁ㸪⩌࠾࠸࡚ࡣᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌ẚ㍑ ࡋ࡚⤫ไ⩌ࡢ᪉ࡀ᭷ពపࡃ(p=.044)㸪ࡲ ࡓ⮬⏤㛤♧⩌ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚⤫ไ⩌ࡢ᪉ࡀ᭷ព పࡗࡓ(p=.002)ࠋࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ࠾࠸࡚ ࡣ㸪S1 ࡽ S3 ࡅ࡚(p=.018)᭷ពప ୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪⩌ᮇࡢస⏝᭷ព࡞ഴྥ ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡓࡵ(F(2.690,14.798)=2.993㸪 p=.069)㸪༢⣧ຠᯝࡢ᳨ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪 ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ2 ࠾࠸࡚⮬⏤㛤♧⩌ࡢ᪉ࡀᵓ 㐀㛤♧⩌(p=.009)ཬࡧ⤫ไ⩌(p<.001) ẚ࡚᭷ព㧗ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢศᯒࡘ࠸࡚ ࡣ 㸪 ⌫ 㠃 ᛶ ࡀ ௬ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 Greenhouse-Geisser ࡢࣉࢩࣟࣥࢆ⏝࠸ ࡚⮬⏤ᗘㄪᩚࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௨ୗࡶ⌫㠃ᛶ ࡀ௬ᐃࡉࢀ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ᪉ἲ࡚⮬⏤ ᗘㄪᩚࢆ⾜࠸㸪ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࢆグ㍕ࡍࡿࠋ c.ಶேⓗᗘ స ⏝ ࡣ ぢ ࡽ ࢀ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࡀ (F(4,22)=1.624㸪p=.204)㸪⩌ࡢຠᯝࡀ᭷ ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓ(F(2,11)=14.014㸪p=.001)ࠋከ㔜 ẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡇࢁ㸪ᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌ẚ㍑ ࡋ࡚⤫ไ⩌ࡢ᪉ࡀ᭷ពపࡃ(p=.040)㸪ࡲ ࡓ㸪⮬⏤㛤♧⩌ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚⤫ไ⩌ࡢ᪉ࡀ᭷ ពపࡗࡓ(p=.001)ࠋࡉࡽ㸪⮬⏤㛤♧ ⩌ࡢ᪉ࡀᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌ẚ࡚᭷ពᚓⅬ
ࡀ㧗ࡗࡓ(p=.047)ࠋ d.ᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌ࡢᐇ㦂᧯సጇᙜᛶኚᩘ ࠕS1 ▐㛫➹グᗘࠖࠕS1 ⪃࠼➹グᗘࠖࠕS2 ࢻࣂࢫ➹グᗘࠖࠕS2 ࢻࣂࢫᐈほⓗ ᗘࠖࠕS3 ▐㛫➹グᗘࠖࠕS3 ࢻࣂࢫ⤌ࡳ ㎸ࡳᗘࠖࠕS3 ᐈほ㐺ᗘࠖࡘ࠸࡚ᖹᆒ್ࢆ ⟬ฟࡋࡓࡇࢁ㸪ࠕS2 ࢻࣂࢫᐈほⓗᗘࠖ ௨እࡢࡍ࡚ࡢኚᩘࡀᑻᗘࡢ୰㛫Ⅼ௨ୖࡢ ್࡞ࡗࡓࠋ 4.ຠᯝኚᩘ a.༶ⓗຠᯝ PANAS ࡢࢿ࢞ࢸࣈືᅉᏊ㸪࣏ࢪࢸ ࣈືᅉᏊࡶ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࢆᚑᒓኚᩘࡋ㸪 ⩌(3)ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ(3)ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢ๓ᚋ (2)ࡢከඖ㓄⨨ศᩓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ࣏ࢪࢸ ࣈືᅉᏊࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ๓ᚋࡢ ຠᯝࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ(F(1,22)=11.905㸪p=.005)ࠋ ㊥㞳ᗘࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⩌(2)ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ (3)ࡢඖ㓄⨨ศᩓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋస⏝ ࡣ ᭷ ព ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࡀ(F(2, 8)=.931 㸪 p=.414)㸪⩌ࡢຠᯝ࠾࠸࡚᭷ព࡞ᕪࡀぢ ࡽࢀࡓ(F(2,8)=8.902㸪p=.018)ࠋ b.▷࣭୰ᮇⓗຠᯝ ࡲࡎ㸪࣮࣋ࢫࣛࣥᕪࡀ࡞࠸ࡢࢆ☜ ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪IES ྜィᚓⅬ࣭IES ධᅉᏊ࣭ IES ᅇ 㑊 ᅉ Ꮚ ࣭ ⱞ ③ ᗘ ࣭ CC ࣭ PILL ࣭ GHQ28࣭OSPAN ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢኚ ᩘࢆᚑᒓኚᩘධࢀ࡚ࡢ⩌(3)ࡢ୍ඖ㓄⨨ศ ᩓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢᣦᶆ ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ⩌㛫࡛ᕪࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ IES ྜィࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⩌(3)ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ(3) ࡢඖ㓄⨨ศᩓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪స ⏝ ࡣ ぢ ࡽ ࢀ ࡎ 㸪 ᮇ ࡢ ຠ ᯝ (F(1.305,14.358)=5.819㸪p=.023)ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ከ㔜ẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡇࢁ㸪pre ࡽ 2w ࡅ್࡚ࡢపୗࡀ᭷ពഴྥ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ(p=.054)ࠋ IES ධᅉᏊࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪స⏝ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪 ᮇ ࡢ ຠ ᯝ ࡢ ࡳ ࡀ ᭷ ព ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ (F(2,22)=5.260㸪p=.014)ࠋከ㔜ẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ࡗ ࡓࡇࢁ㸪pre ࡽ 1m ࡅ࡚పୗࡢഴྥ ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ(p=.074)ࠋIES ᅇ㑊ᅉᏊࡘ࠸ ࡚ࡣ㸪స⏝ࡣ࡞ࡃᮇࡢຠᯝ᭷ព ࡞ഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ(F(1.292,14.214)=4.234㸪 p=.050)ࠋከ㔜ẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡇࢁ㸪 pre ࡽ 2w ࡅ್࡚ࡀ᭷ពపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ (p=.049)ࠋ ⱞ③ᗘࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪స⏝ࡀぢࡽࢀࡎ㸪 ⩌ࡢຠᯝࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡾ(F(2,11)=4.445㸪 p=.038)㸪ᮇࡢຠᯝ᭷ព࡞ഴྥࡀぢࡽ ࢀࡓ(F(1.320,14.515)=2.963㸪p=.099)ࠋከ 㔜ẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡇࢁ㸪⩌࠾࠸࡚ࡣᵓ㐀 㛤♧⩌ࡀ⤫ไ⩌ẚ࡚᭷ព್ࡀప ࡗࡓ(p=.039)ࠋᮇ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪pre ࡽ 1m ࡅ ࡚ ᭷ ព ್ࡀ ప ୗ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ (p=.007)ࠋ(ᅗ 1) CC㸪PILL㸪GHQ28㸪OSPAN ࡘ࠸࡚ ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶࡇࡶ᭷ព࡞ᕪࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞ ࡗࡓࠋ 5.ෆᐜศᯒ 1)ศᯒᑐ㇟ ࡶⱞ③ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ⥆ࡅࡿฟ᮶㛵ࡋ ࡚➹グࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⩌㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌ ࠾ࡼࡧ⮬⏤㛤♧⩌ᑐࡋ࡚⾜ࡗࡓ➹グ㛤♧ ධ࡛㸪ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅➹グࡋ࡚ࡶࡽࡗࡓ➹ グ≀ࡘ࠸࡚ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋྛ⩌ࡢᑐ㇟⪅ ࡣᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌6 ྡ㸪⮬⏤㛤♧⩌ 4 ྡ࡛࠶ ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸯ேࡢཧຍ⪅ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ S1 ࠾࠸࡚ࡑࡢ➹グෆᐜࢆᅗ ࡛グ㏙ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ㄒྃࡢศ㢮ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗ ࡓࡓࡵ㸪ศᯒࡢᑐ㇟ࡽእࡋࡓࠋࡼࡗ࡚᭱ ⤊ⓗ࡞ศᯒᑐ㇟ࡣᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌5 ྡ㸪⮬⏤ 㛤♧⩌4 ྡࡢྜィ 9 ྡ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡀ㧗ࡗࡓ(p=.047)ࠋ d.ᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌ࡢᐇ㦂᧯సጇᙜᛶኚᩘ ࠕS1 ▐㛫➹グᗘࠖࠕS1 ⪃࠼➹グᗘࠖࠕS2 ࢻࣂࢫ➹グᗘࠖࠕS2 ࢻࣂࢫᐈほⓗ ᗘࠖࠕS3 ▐㛫➹グᗘࠖࠕS3 ࢻࣂࢫ⤌ࡳ ㎸ࡳᗘࠖࠕS3 ᐈほ㐺ᗘࠖࡘ࠸࡚ᖹᆒ್ࢆ ⟬ฟࡋࡓࡇࢁ㸪ࠕS2 ࢻࣂࢫᐈほⓗᗘࠖ ௨እࡢࡍ࡚ࡢኚᩘࡀᑻᗘࡢ୰㛫Ⅼ௨ୖࡢ ್࡞ࡗࡓࠋ 4.ຠᯝኚᩘ a.༶ⓗຠᯝ PANAS ࡢࢿ࢞ࢸࣈືᅉᏊ㸪࣏ࢪࢸ ࣈືᅉᏊࡶ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࢆᚑᒓኚᩘࡋ㸪 ⩌(3)ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ(3)ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢ๓ᚋ (2)ࡢከඖ㓄⨨ศᩓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ࣏ࢪࢸ ࣈືᅉᏊࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ๓ᚋࡢ ຠᯝࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ(F(1,22)=11.905㸪p=.005)ࠋ ㊥㞳ᗘࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⩌(2)ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ (3)ࡢඖ㓄⨨ศᩓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋస⏝ ࡣ ᭷ ព ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࡀ(F(2, 8)=.931 㸪 p=.414)㸪⩌ࡢຠᯝ࠾࠸࡚᭷ព࡞ᕪࡀぢ ࡽࢀࡓ(F(2,8)=8.902㸪p=.018)ࠋ b.▷࣭୰ᮇⓗຠᯝ ࡲࡎ㸪࣮࣋ࢫࣛࣥᕪࡀ࡞࠸ࡢࢆ☜ ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪IES ྜィᚓⅬ࣭IES ධᅉᏊ࣭ IES ᅇ 㑊 ᅉ Ꮚ ࣭ ⱞ ③ ᗘ ࣭ CC ࣭ PILL ࣭ GHQ28࣭OSPAN ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢኚ ᩘࢆᚑᒓኚᩘධࢀ࡚ࡢ⩌(3)ࡢ୍ඖ㓄⨨ศ ᩓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢᣦᶆ ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ⩌㛫࡛ᕪࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ IES ྜィࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⩌(3)ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ(3) ࡢඖ㓄⨨ศᩓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪స ⏝ ࡣ ぢ ࡽ ࢀ ࡎ 㸪 ᮇ ࡢ ຠ ᯝ (F(1.305,14.358)=5.819㸪p=.023)ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ከ㔜ẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡇࢁ㸪pre ࡽ 2w ࡅ್࡚ࡢపୗࡀ᭷ពഴྥ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ(p=.054)ࠋ IES ධᅉᏊࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪స⏝ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪 ᮇ ࡢ ຠ ᯝ ࡢ ࡳ ࡀ ᭷ ព ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ (F(2,22)=5.260㸪p=.014)ࠋከ㔜ẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ࡗ ࡓࡇࢁ㸪pre ࡽ 1m ࡅ࡚పୗࡢഴྥ ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ(p=.074)ࠋIES ᅇ㑊ᅉᏊࡘ࠸ ࡚ࡣ㸪స⏝ࡣ࡞ࡃᮇࡢຠᯝ᭷ព ࡞ഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ(F(1.292,14.214)=4.234㸪 p=.050)ࠋከ㔜ẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡇࢁ㸪 pre ࡽ 2w ࡅ್࡚ࡀ᭷ពపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ (p=.049)ࠋ ⱞ③ᗘࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪స⏝ࡀぢࡽࢀࡎ㸪 ⩌ࡢຠᯝࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡾ(F(2,11)=4.445㸪 p=.038)㸪ᮇࡢຠᯝ᭷ព࡞ഴྥࡀぢࡽ ࢀࡓ(F(1.320,14.515)=2.963㸪p=.099)ࠋከ 㔜ẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡇࢁ㸪⩌࠾࠸࡚ࡣᵓ㐀 㛤♧⩌ࡀ⤫ไ⩌ẚ࡚᭷ព್ࡀప ࡗࡓ(p=.039)ࠋᮇ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪pre ࡽ 1m ࡅ ࡚ ᭷ ព ್ࡀ ప ୗ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ (p=.007)ࠋ(ᅗ 1) CC㸪PILL㸪GHQ28㸪OSPAN ࡘ࠸࡚ ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶࡇࡶ᭷ព࡞ᕪࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞ ࡗࡓࠋ 5.ෆᐜศᯒ 1)ศᯒᑐ㇟ ࡶⱞ③ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ⥆ࡅࡿฟ᮶㛵ࡋ ࡚➹グࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⩌㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌ ࠾ࡼࡧ⮬⏤㛤♧⩌ᑐࡋ࡚⾜ࡗࡓ➹グ㛤♧ ධ࡛㸪ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅➹グࡋ࡚ࡶࡽࡗࡓ➹ グ≀ࡘ࠸࡚ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋྛ⩌ࡢᑐ㇟⪅ ࡣᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌6 ྡ㸪⮬⏤㛤♧⩌ 4 ྡ࡛࠶ ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸯ேࡢཧຍ⪅ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ S1 ࠾࠸࡚ࡑࡢ➹グෆᐜࢆᅗ ࡛グ㏙ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ㄒྃࡢศ㢮ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗ ࡓࡓࡵ㸪ศᯒࡢᑐ㇟ࡽእࡋࡓࠋࡼࡗ࡚᭱ ⤊ⓗ࡞ศᯒᑐ㇟ࡣᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌5 ྡ㸪⮬⏤ 㛤♧⩌4 ྡࡢྜィ 9 ྡ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ 2)⏝ㄒศ㢮
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ Pennebaker & Francis(1996), Pennebaker & King(1999), Pennebaker, Mayne & Francis(1997)ࢆཧ⪃㛵㇂࣭ ᕝ(2009)ࡀᢳฟࡋࡓ௨ୗࡢ 4 ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ ᒓࡍࡿㄒ࣭⾲⌧ࡀ㛤♧ᩥ୰ฟ⌧ࡍࡿᅇᩘ ࢆ㸪༠ຊ⪅ࡈᢳฟ㸪ィᩘࡋࡓࠋ a.Ὕᐹᚋ㸸ࠕᛮ࠺ࠖࠕឤࡌࡿࠖࠕᅔࡿࠖ㸪࠸ ࡗࡓ㸪ㄆ▱࣭ᛮ⪃࣭⌮ゎ㛵㐃ࡍࡿㄒࠋ b.ᅉᯝ㛵ಀᚋ㸸ࠕ(࡞)ࡢ࡛ࠖࠕ(ࡔ)ࡀࠖࠕ(ࡔ) ࡽࠖ࡞ࡢ㸪ᅉᯝ㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡍ᥋⥆モࡶࡋࡃ ࡣ᥋⥆ຓモⓗ⾲⌧ࠋ c.⮬ᕫᣦ♧ㄒ㸸ࠕ⚾ࠖࠕ⮬ศࠖ࠸ࡗࡓ㸪➹グ ⪅⮬㌟ࢆᣦࡍ༢ㄒࠋ d.ឤ⾲⌧ᚋ㸸ឤ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣឤ⾲⌧㛵 ࢃࡿㅖ⾲⌧ࠋ࠼ࡤ㸪ࠕᛣࡾࡓࡗࡓࠖࠕۑ ۑࡔ࡞࠵ࠖࠕㄯࡌࡷ࡞࠸ࠖ࡞ࠋ ௨ୖࡢ 4 ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜᚑࡗ࡚㸪ྛ༠ຊ⪅ ࡢ➹グ㛤♧ᩥࡽ㸪ㄒࡸ⾲⌧ࢆᢳฟࡋࡓࠋ ᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌ࡢᩍ♧ࡼࡾ㸪S1 ࡛ฟ᮶ࡘ ࠸࡚ヲ⣽ᑜࡡ㸪S2 ࠾࠸࡚ྠࡌฟ᮶ࢆ య㦂ࡋࡓேࢆᐃࡉࡏ㸪ࡑࡢேࡍࡿ ࢻࣂࢫࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡛㊥㞳ࢆಁࡋ㸪 S3 ࠾࠸࡚ᗘ㸪ฟ᮶ࡢヲ⣽ࢆᑜࡡ࡚࠸ ࡿࡇࡽ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣS1 ࠾ࡅࡿྛㄒྃ ࡢᩘS3 ࠾ࡅࡿྛㄒྃࡢᩘࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ 3)⣔ิⓗኚࡢ᳨ウ ࡲࡎ㸪 ᐃᮇࡼࡿኚᩘࡢ⣔ิⓗኚ ࡘ࠸࡚ ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ྛㄒྃࢆᚑᒓኚ ᩘࡋࡓ⩌(2)ࡢ୍ඖ㓄⨨ศᩓศᯒࢆ⾜࡞ࡗ ࡓࠋὝᐹㄒࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪స⏝ࡣぢࡽࢀ ࡎ㸪⩌ࡢຠᯝ(F(1,7)=3.758㸪p=.094)ࡀ᭷ ពഴྥ࡛㸪ᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌࠾࠸࡚⮬⏤㛤♧ ⩌ẚ࡚Ὕᐹㄒࡀከࡃ᭩ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿഴྥࡀ ぢࡽࢀࡓࠋᅉᯝ㛵ಀㄒ㸪⮬ᕫᣦ♧ㄒ㸪ឤ ⾲⌧ㄒࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶ᭷ព࡞ᕪࡣぢ ࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࠋᩥᏐᩘ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⩌ ᮇࡢస⏝᭷ព࡞ഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡓࡵ (F(1,7)=4.550㸪p=.070)㸪༢⣧ຠᯝࡢ᳨ᐃ ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪S1 ࠾࠸࡚ᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌ࡢ ᪉ࡀ⮬⏤㛤♧⩌ẚ࡚᭷ព್ࡀ㧗ࡗ ࡓ(p=.034)ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌࠾࠸࡚ ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ 1 ࡢ᪉ࡀ S2 ẚ࡚᭷ពᩥ Ꮠᩘࡀከࡗࡓ(p=.020)ࠋ 4)┦㛵ಀᩘࡼࡿ᳨ウ ྛຠᯝᣦᶆෆᐜศᯒࡢࡓࡵࡢ5 ኚᩘ ࡢ┦㛵ࢆㄪࡿࡓࡵ㸪ධᐇ㦂࡛⏝ࡋࡓ ௨ୗࡢຠᯝᣦᶆࡢpre Ⅼࡽ 1 ࣨ᭶ࣇ࢛ ࣮ࣟࢵࣉࡅ࡚ࡢపῶᗘࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓࠋ a. ࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘య㦂㛵ࡍࡿほⓗⱞ③ᗘ
b. IES ᪥ᮏㄒ∧(Asukai & Miyake, 1998㸧 c. CC(ᮡᾆ㸪2007)
d. PILL (బ⸨࣭ᆏ㔝㸪2001)
e. GHQ28 ᪥ᮏㄒ∧(୰ᕝ࣭ᆓ㸪1985) f. OSPAN (Turner & Engle, 1989)
⥆࠸࡚㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢຠᯝᣦᶆపῶᗘ 5 ኚᩘ 㛫ࡢ┦㛵ಀᩘࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ㝿㸪2)a.~d. ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣS1 S3 ࡢྜィㄒྃᩘ㸪2)e. ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣS1 S3 ࡢᖹᆒ್ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪 ほⓗⱞ③ᗘᅉᯝ㛵ಀㄒᙉ࠸㈇ࡢ┦㛵 (r=-.908㸪p=.033)㸪⮬ᕫᣦ♧ㄒᙅ࠸㈇ࡢ ┦㛵(r=-.858㸪p=.063)㸪ឤ⾲⌧ㄒᙅ࠸ ㈇ࡢ┦㛵(r=-.869㸪p=.056)㸪ᩥᏐᩘᙉ࠸ ㈇ࡢ┦㛵(r=-.924㸪p=.025)ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࡲ ࡓ㸪ὝᐹㄒIES ྜィᚓⅬᙅ࠸ṇࡢ┦㛵 (r=.808㸪p=.098)㸪IES ᅇ㑊ᚓⅬᙉ࠸ṇ ࡢ┦㛵ࡀぢࡽࢀ(r=.881㸪p=.049)㸪ឤ⾲ ⌧ㄒ࠾ࡼࡧᩥᏐᩘ GHQ28 ᚓⅬᙉ࠸ṇ ࡢ┦㛵(r=.985㸪p=.002)㸪ᙉ࠸ṇࡢ┦㛵 ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ(r=.912㸪p=.031)ࠋ⮬⏤㛤♧⩌ ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ⮬ᕫᣦ♧ㄒIES ྜィᚓⅬ࠾ࡼ ࡧ IES ᅇ㑊ᚓⅬࡑࢀࡒࢀᙅ࠸㈇ࡢ┦㛵 (r=-.933㸪p=.067)㸪㠀ᖖᙉ࠸㈇ࡢ┦㛵 (r=-.998㸪p=.002)㸪ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋ୍᪉࡛㸪 ᅉᯝ㛵ಀㄒ OSPAN ᚓⅬᙉ࠸㈇ࡢ┦㛵 ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ(r=-.957㸪p=.043)ࠋ ⪃ᐹ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ඛ⾜◊✲ೌ࠸㸴ࣧ᭶ࡢ⤫ ไᮇ㛫ࢆ⨨࠸࡚ᢳฟࡉࢀࡓࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘⥔ᣢ⩌ ᑐࡋ࡚㸪㊥㞳ࢆពᅗࡋ࡚ேࡢࢻ ࣂࢫἲࢆ⤌ࡳ㎸ࡳ㸪ࡲࡓฟ᮶ࡢ᭱ࡶⱞ ③ឤࡌࡓ▐㛫ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ᭩ࡃࡼ࠺ồࡵ ࡿᵓ㐀㛤♧ἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡓධຠᯝࢆ᳨ウࡍ ࡿࡇࡀ┠ⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ 1.ຠᯝࡢ᳨ウࡢ๓ᥦ᮲௳ࡢ☜ㄆ 1)⩌㛫࣭ ᐃᮇ㛫ࡢᆒ㉁ᛶ ᖺ㱋㸪ᛶู㸪ࢺ࣐ࣛ࢘ࡽࡢ⤒㐣ᮇ㛫㸪 ࣞ࢟ࢩࢧ࣑ഴྥ㸪ᢚ࠺ࡘഴྥࡽぢ ࡽࢀࡓ⩌ࡢᆒ㉁ᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⩌࠾࠸ ࡚ᆒ୍࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ྛ ᐃᮇᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ ဨ☜ㄆࡋࡓࢫࢺࣞࢫ㈇Ⲵࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪 ⩌࣭ᮇ࡛ࡰᆒ୍࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࠸࠼ࡓࠋ ࡇࡢࡇࡽ㸪⩌㛫࣭ ᐃᮇ㛫ࡢᆒ㉁ᛶ ࡣ༑ศ☜ಖࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࠸࠼ࡿࠋ 2)ᐇ㦂᧯సࡢጇᙜᛶ ᐇ㦂᧯సࡢጇᙜᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ẖᅇࡢ➹ グࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥᚋ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ➹グࡢ≧ែࢆ ၥ࠺㉁ၥࡽ㸪ᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌࣭⮬⏤㛤♧⩌ ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚⤫ไ⩌ࡣឤࢆ➹グࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ (ឤ➹グᗘࡼࡾ)㸪ࡲࡓືᦂࡶࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ (ືᦂᗘࡼࡾ)㸪ึᑐ㠃࡛ヰࡏ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ෆᐜ ゐࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸(ಶேⓗᗘࡼࡾ)ࡇࡀ☜ㄆ ࡉࢀࡓࡓࡵ㸪⤫ไ⩌ධ 2 ⩌ࡢ┦㐪ࡣ☜ ಖࡉࢀࡓ࠸࠼ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓ⮬⏤㛤♧⩌ᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌ࡢ┦㐪ࡀ ฟࡏ࡚࠸ࡓ࠺ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᵓ㐀㛤 ♧⩌࠾࠸࡚ᐇ㦂⪅ഃࡢពᅗ㏻ࡾࡢ➹グࢆ ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࡓࡵ㸪⮬⏤ ➹グࢆ⾜࡞ࡗࡓ⮬⏤㛤♧⩌ࡢ┦㐪ࡣฟࡏ ࡓࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ௨ୖࡽ㸪ᮏ◊✲ࡢ ᐇ㦂᧯సࡀጇᙜ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ 1)2)ࡼࡾ㸪ᮏ✏࠾ࡅࡿຠᯝࡢ᳨ウࡢ๓ᥦ ᮲௳ࡣ‶ࡓࡉࢀࡓุ᩿ࡋࡓࠋ 2.ฟ᮶ࡽࡢ㊥㞳ಁ㐍ຠᯝࡢ᳨ウ 1)➹グࡼࡿ༶ⓗ࡞㊥㞳ຠᯝ ᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌⮬⏤㛤♧⩌ࡢྛ➹グࢭࢵ ࢩࣙࣥ┤ᚋࡢ㊥㞳ࡢᗘྜ࠸ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪 ᵓ㐀㛤♧⩌࠾࠸࡚⮬⏤㛤♧⩌ẚ࡚ ࡼࡾฟ᮶ࡸࡑࡇࡽ⏕ࡌࡿឤࡸᛮ⪃ ࡽ㊥㞳ࢆ⨨࠸࡚㛤♧࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡀศࡗࡓࠋ
