JAIST Repository
https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/ Title 産学共同研究の大型化に影響を及ぼす要因の分析 Author(s) 新村, 和久; 永田, 晃也 Citation 年次学術大会講演要旨集, 32: 882-887 Issue Date 2017-10-28Type Conference Paper Text version publisher
URL http://hdl.handle.net/10119/14907
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本著作物は研究・イノベーション学会の許可のもとに 掲載するものです。This material is posted here with permission of the Japan Society for Research Policy and Innovation Management.
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⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࡢᆺᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍせᅉࡢศᯒ
ۑ᪂ᮧஂ㸦ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡࣭Ꮫ⾡ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ㸧Ọ⏣ஓ㸦ᕞᏛ㸧 1 ࡣࡌࡵ 1.1 ⫼ᬒ ࢃࡀᅜ࠾ࡅࡿ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠไᗘࡣࠊ1996 ᖺࡢ➨ 1 ᮇ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ᇶᮏィ⏬࡛ࡢ⏘Ꮫᐁࡢேⓗὶಁ㐍ࡢゝ ཬࢆዎᶵࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ⣙20 ᖺ㛫ᛴ㏿࡞ኚ㠉ࢆ㐙ࡆ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᏛ➼ᢏ⾡⛣㌿ἲࡢไᐃ㸦1998 ᖺ㸧ࠊ᪥ᮏ ∧ࣂ㸻ࢻ࣮ࣝ᮲㡯ࢆྵࡴ⏘ᴗάຊ⏕≉ูᥐ⨨ἲࡢไᐃ㸦1999 ᖺ㸧࡞ࠊᏛࡢᢏ⾡ࢆ⛣㌿ࡍࡿࡓࡵ ࡢไᗘᩚഛࡸࠊᅜ❧Ꮫࡢἲே㸦2004 ᖺ㸧ࠊᏛࡢᙺࡋ࡚♫㈉⊩ࢆ᪂ࡓຍ࠼ࡓᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲࡢ ᨵṇ㸦2006 ᖺ㸧࡞ࠊᅜࡢࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡋ࡚ࠊࢃࡀᅜࡢ⏘ᴗ➇தຊࢆ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࡢά⏝ࡼ ࡾ㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢᇶ┙ᵓ⠏ࡀ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㹙1㹛ࠋ ࡇࡢࢃࡀᅜ࡛ࡢ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࡢ≧ἣࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᏛẸ㛫ᴗࡢඹྠ◊✲௳ᩘࠊ࠾ࡼࡧẸ㛫ᴗࡽࡢ ◊✲㈨㔠ࡢᨭฟ㢠࡞ࠊྛ✀ᣦᶆࡢ᥎⛣ࢆぢࡿࠊ2004 ᖺࡢᅜ❧Ꮫἲே௨㝆ࠊᖺࠎቑຍഴྥ࠶ࡿ [2]ࠋࡋࡋࠊ♫ࡁ࡞ࣥࣃࢡࢺࢆ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᢏ⾡ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍࡣࠊ୍ᐃ௨ୖࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨつᶍࡀ ᚲせ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇࢁࠊ┤㏆2015 ᖺᗘࡢᴗࡽࡢᨭฟ㔠 1,000 ௨ୖࢆ㉸࠼ࡿᆺࡢඹྠ◊✲ࡣ ࢃࡎ4.4%㐣ࡂ࡞࠸㸦࣏ࢫࢻࢡ㞠⏝ฟࡀྍ⬟࡞ࣛࣥࡋ࡚ࠊ1,000 ௨ୖࡢඹྠ◊✲ࢆࠕᆺࠖ ᐃ⩏ࡋࡓࠋᾏእ࡛ࡣ1,000 ௨ୖࡢඹྠ◊✲ࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㹙3㹛㸧[1]ࠋ ➨ 5 ᮇ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ᇶᮏィ⏬㹙4㹛࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࡣ౫↛ᮏ᱁ẁ㝵⮳ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢㄢ㢟ព㆑ࡢ ࡶࠊ࣮࢜ࣉࣥࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿ⤌ࡳࡢᙉࡀᥖࡆࡽࢀࠊᇶᮏィ⏬⟇ᐃ࠾ࡅࡿ㆟ㄽࡢ୰࡛ࠊ ࡇࡢඹྠ◊✲ཷධ㢠ࡢ5 ቑࢆ┠ᶆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢ┠ᶆࢆ┠ᣦࡍୖ࡛ࠊ⌧ᅾᆺࡢ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࡀᅽಽⓗᑡ࡞࠸≧ἣࡣࠊࢃࡀᅜࡢᴗࡗ࡚ࠊ ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡢฟࡢ᪉ἲㄽࡋ࡚ࠊ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࡀ༑ศά⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࢀࢆ ಁࡍୖ࡛ࠊ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࡢᆺᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍせᅉࡢศᯒࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿࠋ 1.2 ඛ⾜◊✲ ᴗࡗ࡚ࡢ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࡣࠊᴗࡀࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢆ㉳ࡇࡍⅭࡢ᪉ἲㄽࡢ୍ࡘࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ࠸ ࢃࡺࡿࠊ࣮࢜ࣉࣥࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡢ୍㢮ᆺࡋ࡚ࠊᴗࡀእ㒊ࡽࡢࢹࡢධᡭඛࡋ࡚Ꮫࢆ㑅 ᢥࡋࡓሙྜࡀヱᙜࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ࣮࢜ࣉࣥࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡣࠊᴗ⤌⧊ෆ㒊ࡢࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿ ࡓࡵࠊᴗࡣ♫ෆ㈨※ࡢࡳ㢗ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊእ㒊ࡢᏛࡸᴗࡢࢹࢆ✚ᴟⓗά⏝ࡋࠊ᭷ ᶵⓗ⤖ྜࡍࡿࡇ࡛᪂ࡓ࡞౯್ࢆ㐀ࡍࡿࡇࠊࡋ࡚ࢳ࢙ࢫࣈࣟ࢘ࡼࡾᥦၐࡉࢀࡓᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿ 㹙5㹛ࠋ ࡇࡢᴫᛕࡢゎ㔘ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊᵝࠎ࡞ᤊ࠼᪉ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ⤒῭༠ຊ㛤Ⓨᶵᵓ㸦OECD㸧࡛ࡣࢳ࢙ࢫࣈࣟ࢘ ࡼࡿᐃ⩏ࢆྵࡴඵࡘࡢᐃ⩏ࢆేグࡋࠊほⅬࡼࡗ࡚ᵝࠎ࡞ᐃ⩏ࡀ࠶ࡿࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㹙6㹛ࠋ ࡉࡽ㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣࠊ࣮࢜ࣉࣥࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡢᑐ㇟ࡀࠊ◊✲㛤Ⓨࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝࡸࢧ࣮ࣅ ࢫ㡿ᇦᣑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡸࠊࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢆᐇ⾜ࡋᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢせ⣲ࢆࠕ10 ࡢ㢮ᆺࠖࡋ࡚♧ ࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊᴗ✀ࡸᴗ⏺ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡼࡿศ㢮ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㹙7㹛㹙8㹛ࠊᴗࡢࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙ ࣥࡢ᥎㐍᪉ἲࡢከᵝᛶࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᨻᗓᑟࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡋ࡚ࠊ1987 ᖺタࡉࢀࡓ༙ᑟయࢥࣥࢯ࣮ࢩ࣒ SEMATECH 㸦Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology Consortium㸧ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣᴗ㛫࡛ࡢ࣮࢜ࣉࣥ࡞➇த ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿⅭࡢ⤌ࡳࡋ࡚ࠊ➇தࡢ↔Ⅼࢆ᫂♧ࡍࡿ࣮ࣟࢻ࣐ࢵࣉ ITRS㸦International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors㸧ࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ㠀➇த㡿ᇦ࡛ࡢ㐃ᦠࢆಁࡍࡇᡂຌࡋࡓ㹙9㹛ࠋ◊✲ ᶵ㛵ࡼࡿᥦᦠࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ࣋ࣝࢠ࣮ࡢ࢚ࣞࢡࢺࣟࢽࢡࢫࡢ◊✲㛤ⓎᣐⅬ࡛࠶ࡿ Imec㸦Interuniversity Microelectronics Center㸧ࡀࠊᣐⅬ✚ࡋࡓሗࡸᡂᯝࡢ⏝࣭㓄ศࡢࣥࢭࣥࢸࣈࢆ᫂☜ࡍࡿ࡞ ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡼࡾୡ⏺୰ࡢᴗࡢཧ⏬ࡍࡿࢥࣥࢯ࣮ࢩ࣒ᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ[10]ࠋᴗࡼࡿࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ࣮࣮ࣛࣜࣜࡢ♫ෆ࣋ࣥࢳ࣮ࣕࡋ࡚ጞࡲࡗࡓࠕࣀࢭࣥࢸࣈࠖࡸࠊP&G ࡀ㐠Ⴀࡍࡿ ࠕConnect + DevelopࠖࡀࠊR㸤D ࣐࣮ࢣࢵࢺࣉࣞࢫࡋ࡚ࡼࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[11][12][13]ࠋࡲࡓ㏆ᖺ ࡢᅜෆࡋ࡚ᮾࣞࠊࢹࣥࢯ࣮ࠊᖇேࠊࡢ⣲ࠊ㜰࢞ࢫࡸ་⸆ရᴗ⏺࡞ᅜෆᴗࡼࡿㄢ㢟ゎỴ ເ㞟ᆺࡢࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[13]ࠋ ୍᪉ࠊࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡢฟ㛵ࡍࡿᏛഃ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ▱㆑ࡢ⛣㌿㛵ࡍࡿᨵ㠉ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀጞࡵࡓࠋ ࣓࡛ࣜ࢝ࡣࠊ1980 ᖺ≉チἲᨵṇࡼࡾᨻᗓ㈨㔠ࢆά⏝ࡋࡓ◊✲㛤Ⓨࡼࡾ⏕ࡲࢀࡓⓎ᫂ࡢ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒ ࢆᏛ➼ࡢ◊✲ᶵ㛵ᖐᒓࡉࡏࠊᏛ➼ࡀࣛࢭࣥࢫάືࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡗࡓ㸦㏻⛠ࣂ㸻ࢻ࣮ ࣝἲ㸧ࠋࢃࡀᅜ࡛ࡶ⣙20 ᖺᚋྠᵝࡢไᗘᨵ㠉ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊᨻᗓ㈨㔠ࡼࡿ◊✲ᡂᯝࡢᐇ⏝ࢆಁࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ ࡀࠊୖグไᗘࡣ࣓ࣜ࢝࠾ࡅࡿࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ୍㠃࡛࠶ࡾࠊ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒࡀࣛࢭࣥࢫྍ⬟ ࡞ࡿࡇࡢࡳ࡛ᐇ⏝ࡀಁ㐍ࡉࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢぢゎࡶ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[14]ࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝࠾ࡅࡿࣂ㸻ࢻ࣮ࣝἲ⮬యࡶࠊࣂ㸻ࢻ࣮ࣝἲ⾜๓ࡢ◊✲ᡂᯝࡽከ㢠ࡢࣛࢭ ࣥࢫධࢆ⏕ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿᏛഃ࠾࠸࡚◊✲ᡂᯝࡢᶒᙇࡀᙉࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ΅ࡢ㛗ᮇ࡞ࡢᘢᐖࢆࡶࡓ ࡽࡋࡓࠊ࡞ࡢሗ࿌ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶ⫯ᐃⓗ࡞ホ౯ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸[15][16]ࠋ ᪥ᮏ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊᴗࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓ◊✲ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏ∧ࣂ㸻ࢻ࣮ࣝ᮲㡯⾜๓ࡢᏛ➼ࡢ◊✲ᶵ㛵 ࡽᴗࡢ▱㆑ࡢ⛣㌿ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᐃ㔞ⓗ࡞◊✲ࡽࠊᴗࡗ࡚◊✲ᶵ㛵ࡢ▱㆑ࡣ᭷⏝࡞ሗ※࡛ ࠶ࡿ୍᪉ࠊ≉チᶒࡸᢏ⾡ࣛࢭࣥࢫࢆ፹ࡋࡓ▱㆑ࡢ⛣㌿ࡢ㔜せᛶࡣ㝈ᐃⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿ[17]ࠋࡲࡓࠊ◊✲⪅ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓ◊✲ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏ࠾ࡅࡿᢏ⾡⛣㌿㛵㐃ἲไᗘࡢᑟධࡼࡾࠊ⏘ Ꮫࡢ༠ຊ㛵ಀࡣቑຍࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊไᗘᨵ㠉௨๓ࡽᏑᅾࡍࡿࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣝ࡞ᢏ⾡⛣㌿⨨ࡁ ࢃࡿࡣࠊࡲࡔ⮳ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[14]ࠋ ᭦ࠊ᪥ᮏᅜෆ࡛ࡢ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ㛵ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲ࡋ࡚ࠊ࣑࣮ࢸࣥࢢࢆ ㏻ࡌࡓ◊✲ࢳ࣮࣒య࡛ࡢሗࡢඹ᭷ࡢ㔜せᛶࢆᣦࡋࡓ◊✲[18]ࠊᏛ◊✲⪅ࡀ✚ᴟⓗ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠ ᚑࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊᴗ⦼ホ౯ࡸฎ㐝࠾ࡅࡿ≉ẁࡢ㓄៖ࡢᚲせᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡋࡓ◊✲[19]ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ 」ᩘࡢᏛ࣭ᴗ➼ࡀཧຍࡍࡿᆺඹྠ◊✲ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ΅ࡀ㞴⯟ࡍࡿ㡯┠ࡣࡋ࡚▱ ⓗ㈈⏘㛵㐃࡛࠶ࡿࡇ➼ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ◊✲[20]ࠊ࡞ࠊ⤌⧊ࡸ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒࡢつ⛬࡞ࠊ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ㛵ࡍ ࡿ㔜せᛶࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢせᅉࡢ⌧≧ㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ⥲ྜᡓ␎2017㸦2017 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 2 ᪥㛶㆟Ỵᐃ㸧 ࠾࠸࡚ࠊඹྠ◊✲ࡢ㈝⏝㈇ᢸࡢ㐺ṇࡸᡂᯝ┠ᶆ࣭㐩ᡂᮇࡢぢ࠼ࡿࠊࣜࢫࢡ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺࡢᐇ ࡞⤒Ⴀᡓ␎ࢆ᫂☜ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊẸ㛫ࡢⰋዲ࡞ಙ㢗㛵ಀࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࢆᙉᅛࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊࠕ⤌ ⧊ࠖᑐࠕ⤌⧊ࠖࡢᮏ᱁ⓗ࡞⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࢆಁ㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡢ㔜せᛶࡀゝཬࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ ୖ࡛ࠊᐇ㝿ᮏ᱁ⓗ࡞⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿᴗࡢᐇែࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ 1.3 ┠ⓗ 2004 ᖺࡢᅜ❧Ꮫἲே௨㝆ࠊᏛẸ㛫ᴗࡢඹྠ◊✲௳ᩘࠊẸ㛫ᴗࡽࡢ◊✲㈨㔠ࡢᨭฟ㢠ࠊ ≉チฟ㢪ᩘࠊ≉チᶒᐇチㅙᩘࠊࣛࢭࣥࢫ㢠࡞ྛ✀ᣦᶆࡣቑຍഴྥ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢᇶ࡞ࡿᢏ⾡⛣ ㌿㛵㐃ἲࡘ࠸࡚ࡣඛ⾜ᩥ⊩ࡽࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ⫯ᐃⓗ࡞ホ౯ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࡢ㜼ᐖせᅉࡶ࡞ ࡾ࠺ࡿࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊඛ⾜◊✲ࡣࠊไᗘኚ㑄ᮇ࠾ࡅࡿホ౯ࡀ୰ᚰ࡛࠶ࡿⅭࠊࡇࢀࡽ ࡢ▱ぢࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓୖ࡛ࠊἲᩚഛࡽ⣙ 20 ᖺࡀ⤒㐣ࡋ࡚ᐇ⦼ࡀ✚ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ⌧Ⅼ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏ ࡢ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࡢᐇࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ඛ⾜ࡋ࡚ᐇࡋࡓ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠ㛵ࡍࡿࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ[21]࡛᫂ࡽࡋࡓᆺ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࡢ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ ୖࡢၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠊᣐⅬࡢ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫࠊ♫ࡢ༠ാࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒ㛵ࡍࡿ㡯┠ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊࠕ⪅ ࡢ༠ാࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࡼࡾ᥀ࡾୗࡆࡓࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࡼࡾ⤌⧊ᑐ⤌⧊ࡢ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࡢㄢ㢟ࡸ㔜せⅬࢆ᫂ࡽ ࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿࠋ 2 ௬ㄝࠊ᪉ἲ 2.1 ௬ㄝ ๓㏙ࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࠊ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠ㛵ࡍࡿᴗࡢࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࡢゎᯒ[21]ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊ ✲᥎㐍࣭㜼ᐖせᅉࡘ࠸࡚᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡓࡵ௬ㄝ1㹼3 ࢆ❧࡚ࡓࠋ ௬ㄝ1. ᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࡢዎ⣙ࡀᡂ❧ࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡣᏛࡽࡢᥦࡀ㔜せ࡞ࡿ ௬ㄝ2. ᑠᆺࡢ㔠㖹ⓗᨭᡶ࠸ࢆక࠺ዎ⣙ࡽᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࡢዎ⣙Ⓨᒎࡍࡿ ௬ㄝ3. Ꮫඹ⏝タഛࡀά⏝ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡇࡀᴗࡢᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ືᶵࡅ࡞ࡿ 2J07.pdf :2
2.2 ᪉ἲ (1) ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝᑐ㇟ ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝᑐ㇟ᴗࡣࠊඛ❧ࡗ࡚ᐇࡋࡓࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ*࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࢆᐇࡋࡓ ⤒㦂ࡀ࠶ࡿᅇ⟅ࡋࡓ265 ♫ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࢆᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᴗࢆẕ㞟ᅋࡋ࡚ࠊ 1,000 ௨ୖࡢᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ᐇࡢ᭷↓࡛ẚ㍑ศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬࠊᑐ㇟ᶆᮏࡣᅜෆ ◊✲㛤Ⓨᴗయᑐࡋ࡚೫ࡾࡀ࠶ࡿⅬ␃ពࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿࠋ (2) ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ⤖ᯝゎᯒ ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ⤖ᯝࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ༢⣧㞟ィࠊ࠾ࡼࡧタၥ㛫࡛ࡢࢡࣟࢫ㞟ィࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ௬ㄝࡢ᳨ドࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ 3 ⤖ᯝ 3.1 ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺᅇ⤖ᯝ ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࡣ㒑㏦ࡼࡾ⾜࠸ࠊ265 ♫୰ 145 ♫ࡢᅇ⟅ࢆᚓࡓ㸦ᅇ⋡㸸54.7㸣㸧ࠋ ࡞࠾ࠊ⥲ົ┬ࠕ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ㄪᰝࠖࡼࡿㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊㄪᰝᑐ㇟࡞ࡿᴗᩘࡣ489,039 ♫࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑ ࡢ࠺ࡕ◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᴗᩘࡣ15,375 ♫࡞ࡿࠋᮏㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢ◊✲ᐇᴗࡢ୰ࡽ NISTEP ᴗྡ㎡᭩ྵࡲࢀࡿ5,761 ♫ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࡼࡾᅇ⟅ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓ 571 ♫ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊㄪᰝ Ⅼ࡛㐣ཤ3 ᖺ㛫⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࢆᐇࡋࡓ⤒㦂ࡢ࠶ࡿᴗ 275 ♫ࢆᶆᮏࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚ࠊᮏㄪᰝࡣࠊ ᅜෆᴗ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ◊✲ᐇᴗࡢ୰ࡢ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࢆᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᴗࢆẕ㞟ᅋࡋ࡚࠸ࡿⅬ␃ ពࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 3.2 ᅇ⟅ᴗࡢつᶍᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ ᅇࡢࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࡢᅇ⟅ᴗ㸦2012 ᖺ㹼2015 ᖺࡢ㛫⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ᐇ⤒㦂ࡢ࠶ࡿᴗ㸧ࡢࠊ1 ᖺ࠶ࡓࡾࡢ1,000 ᮍ‶ࡢඹྠ◊✲௳ᩘࡣࠊ㈨ᮏ㔠 10 ൨௨ୖࡢᴗ࡛ከ࠸ࠋࡋࡋࠊ1,000 ௨ୖࡢඹྠ◊✲௳ᩘࡣࠊ㈨ᮏ㔠 10 ൨௨ୖࡢᴗ࡛ࡶᐇࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ᴗࡢẚ⋡ࡀ㧗ࡃࠊᐇࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿᴗࡢྜ࡛ࡣࠊ㈨ᮏ㔠1 ൨ᮍ‶ࡢᴗ࡛ኚࢃࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࡇࡢࡇࡽࠊᴗࡢつᶍ㸦㈨ᮏ㔠㸧ࡢࡁࡉࡣᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡗ࡚ᚲ㡲࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࡼࡿ࣮࢜ࣉࣥࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥᑐࡍࡿព㆑ࡢᙉ࠸ᴗࡀྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ᥎ ࡉࢀࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ ᴗ✀ࡣ〇㐀ᴗ㠀〇㐀ᴗ࡛ࡁࡃ㐪࠸ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ 3.3 ௬ㄝ 1. ࠕᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࡢዎ⣙ࡀᡂ❧ࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡣᏛࡽࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡀ㔜せ࡞ࡿࠖࡢ᳨ド ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ⤒⦋ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᴗഃࡽࡢᡴデࡀ᭱ࡶከ࠸ࡀࠊ1,000 ௨ୖࡢᆺ⏘Ꮫ ඹྠ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ1,000 ᮍ‶ࡢᑠᆺࡢ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ẚ࡚Ꮫ⤌⧊㸦⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠ㒊㛛࣭URA࣭TLO㸧 ࡽࡢᡴデࡀᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ1,2㸧ࠋ 㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝 *NISTEP ᴗྡ㎡᭩㸦ver.2014.2㸧ᥖ㍕ࡢ 5,761 ᴗࢆᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋNISTEP ᴗྡ㎡᭩ࡢᥖ㍕ᴗࡣࠊA) ≉チฟ㢪ᩘ⣼✚ 100 ௳௨ ୖ㸦1970 ᖺ௨㝆㸧ࠊB) ≉チฟ㢪ᩘࡢఙࡧ⋡㸦3 ᖺࠊ5 ᖺࠊ7 ᖺࡢྛᮇ㛫࡛ 1 ᖺࡈ⛣ືࡉࡏࡓ⥺ᙧࣇࢵࢺ࡛ホ౯㸧ࠊC) ᰴᘧୖሙᴗࠊ ࡢ୕ࡘࢆᇶ‽ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢᶆᮏ㑅ᢥࡢ⌮⏤ࡋ࡚ࠊඛ❧ࡗ࡚ᐇࡋࡓࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ◊✲㛤Ⓨࢆᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᴗࡢ୰࡛ ࡶࠊᅇ⟅㞟ᅋࡢ࠺ࡕ⣙༙ᩘࡋ㐣ཤ3 ᖺ㛫࡛ࡢ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ᐇ⦼ࡀ࡞ࡃࠊ᭦ 1,000 ௨ୖࡢᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ᐇ⦼ᴗࡣࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ ࡢ⣙3 㝈ᐃⓗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ◊✲㛤Ⓨᐇᴗయࢆᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚ࡶ⣙༙ᩘࡣ◊✲┠ⓗእࡢᅇ⟅࡞ࡾࠊࡘᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠᐇᴗࡢᅇ⟅ ᩘቑຍࡢᮇᚅࡶぢ㎸ࡳࡃ࠸Ⅽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 48.8% 12.4% 81.8% 24.8% 7.4% 7.4% 6.6% 2.5% 16.0% 1.7% 68.9% 8.4% 0.8% 2.5% 1.7% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% Ꮫ◊✲⪅䛛䜙䛾ᡴデ(n=59) Ꮫ⤌⧊䠄⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠ㒊㛛䞉 㹓㹐㸿࣭TLO㸧䛛䜙䛾ᡴデ (n=15) ㈗♫䛛䜙Ꮫ◊✲⪅䜈䛾ᡴデ(n=99) ㈗♫䛛䜙Ꮫ⤌⧊䠄⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠ㒊㛛 䞉㹓㹐㸿࣭TLO㸧䜈䛾ᡴデ (n=30) ௰ᴗ䛛䜙䛾⤂(n=9) 䝬䝑䝏䞁䜾䝉䝭䝘䞊䛷䛾᥋ゐ(n=9) ᅜ䚸䜎䛯䛿ᅜ䛾ᶵ㛵䛸䛾 䝬䝑䝏䞁䜾䝣䜯䞁䝗(n=8) 䛭䛾(n=3) 䛒䛶䛿䜎䜛䜒䛾(」ᩘᅇ⟅)䠄n=121㸧 ᭱䜒䛒䛶䛿䜎䜛䜒䛾(n=119) 50.0% 29.2% 66.7% 16.7% 12.5% 4.2% 0.0% 4.2% 16.7% 12.5% 58.3% 4.2% 4.2% 0.0% 4.2% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Ꮫ◊✲⪅䛛䜙䛾ᡴデ Ꮫ⤌⧊䠄⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠ㒊㛛䞉 㹓㹐㸿࣭TLO㸧䛛䜙䛾ᡴデ ㈗♫䛛䜙Ꮫ◊✲⪅䜈䛾ᡴデ ㈗♫䛛䜙Ꮫ⤌⧊䠄⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠ㒊㛛 䞉㹓㹐㸿࣭TLO㸧䜈䛾ᡴデ ௰ᴗ䛛䜙䛾⤂ 䝬䝑䝏䞁䜾䝉䝭䝘䞊䛷䛾᥋ゐ ᅜ䚸䜎䛯䛿ᅜ䛾ᶵ㛵䛸䛾 䝬䝑䝏䞁䜾䝣䜯䞁䝗 䛭䛾 䛒䛶䛿䜎䜛䜒䛾(」ᩘᅇ⟅) (n=24) ᭱䜒䛒䛶䛿䜎䜛䜒䛾(n=24) ᅗ1 ᅜෆᏛ➼ࡢ 1,000 ᮍ‶㸦⮬♫༢⊂࡛ࡢᨭฟ㸧ࡢ ඹྠ◊✲⮳ࡗࡓ⤒⦋ ᅗ2 ᅜෆᏛ➼ࡢ 1,000 ௨ୖ㸦⮬♫༢⊂࡛ࡢᨭฟ㸧ࡢ ඹྠ◊✲⮳ࡗࡓ⤒⦋
3.4 ௬ㄝ 2. ࠕᑠᆺࡢ㔠㖹ⓗᨭᡶ࠸ࢆక࠺ዎ⣙ࡽᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࡢዎ⣙Ⓨᒎࡍࡿࠖࡢ᳨ド 1,000 ௨ୖࡢᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࡣࠊ㔠㖹ᨭᡶ࠸ࢆక࠺๓ẁ㝵࡞ࡃඹྠ◊✲Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢣ࣮ࢫ ࡣࡰ࡞ࡃࠊከࡃࡣጤク◊✲ࡽⓎᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ3,4㸧ࠋ ࡇࡢᆺࡢ⏘Ꮫᴗࢆᐇࡍࡿᴗࡢព㆑ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊඹྠ◊✲ࡀ⤊ࡍࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡋ࡚ࠊᆺࡢ⏘Ꮫ ඹྠ◊✲ࢆᐇࡋࡓ⤒㦂ࡢ࠶ࡿᴗࡣࠊᐇ⤒㦂ࡢ࡞࠸ᴗẚ࡚ࠊᙜึணᐃࡋࡓඹྠ◊✲┠ⓗࢆ㐩 ᡂࡋࠊ⮬♫ෆ࡛ࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨ⛣⾜ࡋࡓ⌮⏤ࡀ᭱ࡶከ࠸ࡇࡽࠊඹྠ◊✲ࡼࡾᏛࡽᴗࡢ▱㆑ ⛣㌿ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ┠ⓗ㐩ᡂࡢぢ㎸ࡳࡀ❧ࡓ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ⌮⏤ࡶከ࠸ࡇࡽࣁࣜࢫࢡࡢඹྠ◊✲ࢆ ᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿ㸦ᅗ5㸧ࠋ࡞࠾ࠊዎ⣙ᘏ㛗ࢆ⾜ࢃ࡞ࡗࡓሙྜࡢጉࡆ࡞ࡗࡓせᅉࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᡂᯝ ฟࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫ㈐௵ឤࡀ࡞࠸ࡇࡢᅇ⟅ࡀከࡃࠊᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲⧅ࡀࡾ࠺ࡿዎ⣙ࡢᘏ㛗࣭Ⓨᒎ ࠾࠸࡚ࠊᡂᯝฟࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᴗࡢព㆑ࡢࡍࡾྜࢃࡏᒚ⾜ࡍࡿᏛࡢ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺయไࡀ㔜せ ࡞ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿ㸦ᅗ6㸧ࠋ 3.5 ௬ㄝ 3. ࠕᏛඹ⏝タഛࡀά⏝ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡇࡀᴗࡢᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ືᶵࡅ࡞ࡿࠖࡢ᳨ ド Ꮫෆࡢඹ⏝タഛ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊά⏝ࡋࡸࡍࡉࡀᴗࡢᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࡢືᶵࡅᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚ 25.0% 40.0% 10.0% 20.0% 10.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 5.0% 25.0% 10.0% 30.0% 5.0% 19.4% 12.9% 12.9% 17.7% 4.8% 4.8% 19.4% 11.3% 6.5% 16.1% 14.5% 4.8% 51.6% 1.6% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 䝕䞊䝍₃ὤ䝸䝇䜽䛾Ᏻ䛜䛒䛳䛯 㡰␒ᚅ䛱䛻䜘䜛⏝ᶵ䛜ไ㝈䛥䜜䛯 ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䝕䞊䝍䛾ᢅ䛔䛺䛹 ⏝᮲௳䛾ไ⣙䛜䛒䛳䛯 ᡭ⥆䛝䛜↹㞧 タഛ䝯䞁䝔䝘䞁䝇䜈ປຊ䞉㈝⏝䛜䛥䛛䜜䛯 ᶵჾ䛾⟶⌮యไ䛻Ᏻ䛜䛒䛳䛯 ▱ⓗ㈈⏘䛻ಀ䜛ᶒ㛵ಀ䛜 ᶵ㛵䛤䛸䛻␗䛺䜛䛺䛹᫂░ ඹ⏝タഛ䛾⏝䜢⾜䛖ୖ䛷䛾 ྛ✀䝹䞊䝹䛜᫂░ タഛ䜢ᥦ౪䛩䜛Ꮫ⤌⧊䛾 ᑐᛂ❆ཱྀ䛜᫂░ ᴗഃ䛾ᕼᮃ䛻㐺䛧䛯ᡂᯝ䛜 ᚓ䜙䜜䜛䛛䛜᫂░ タഛ䛾⏝䛛䜙ྲྀᚓ䝕䞊䝍䛾ゎᯒ䜎䛷䛾䚸 䛹䛣䜎䛷䛾ᨭ䜢ཷ䛡䜙䜜䜛䛾䛛᫂░ Ꮫ⤌⧊䛾ィฎ⌮᪉ἲ䛻䜘䜛 ㈝⏝㈇ᢸ䛾㐺᱁ᛶ䛜᫂░ ≉䛻䛺䛧 䛭䛾 1,000௨ୖඹྠ◊✲ᐇ䛒䜚 (n=21) 1,000௨ୖඹྠ◊✲ᐇ䛺䛧 (n=62) ᅗ 8 ᅜෆᏛ➼ࡢඹ⏝タഛࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ᴗࡢ⏝ࡋ ࡞࠸⌮⏤㸦1,000 ௨ୖࡢඹྠ◊✲ᐇ㸧 25.0% 25.0% 25.0% 25.0% 25.0% 25.0% 25.0% 50.0% 6.3% 10.4% 4.2% 10.4% 2.1% 2.1% 4.2% 8.3% 4.2% 14.6% 6.3% 4.2% 14.6% 60.4% 14.6% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 䝕䞊䝍䛾₃ὤ䛻ᠱᛕ䛜䛒䜛 㡰␒ᚅ䛱䛻䜘䜛⏝ᶵ䛾ไ㝈䛜䛒䜛 ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䝕䞊䝍䛾ᢅ䛔䛺䛹 ⏝᮲௳䛾ไ⣙䛜䛒䜛 ᡭ⥆䛝䛜↹㞧 タഛ䝯䞁䝔䝘䞁䝇䜈ປຊ䞉㈝⏝䛜䛥䛛䜜䜛 ᶵჾ䛾⟶⌮యไ䛻Ᏻ䛜䛒䜛 ▱ⓗ㈈⏘䛻ಀ䜛ᶒ㛵ಀ䛜 ᶵ㛵䛤䛸䛻␗䛺䜛䛺䛹᫂░ ඹ⏝タഛ䛾⏝䜢⾜䛖ୖ䛷䛾 ྛ✀䝹䞊䝹䛜᫂░ タഛ䜢ᥦ౪䛩䜛Ꮫ⤌⧊䛾 ᑐᛂ❆ཱྀ䛜᫂░ ᴗഃ䛾ᕼᮃ䛻㐺䛧䛯ᡂᯝ䛜 ᚓ䜙䜜䜛䛛䛜᫂░ タഛ䛾⏝䛛䜙ྲྀᚓ䝕䞊䝍䛾ゎᯒ䜎䛷䛾䚸 䛹䛣䜎䛷䛾ᨭ䜢ཷ䛡䜙䜜䜛䛾䛛᫂░ Ꮫ⤌⧊䛾ィฎ⌮᪉ἲ䛻䜘䜛 ㈝⏝㈇ᢸ䛾㐺᱁ᛶ䛜᫂░ ⏝᪉ἲ䜢▱䜙䛺䛔 ≉䛻䛺䛧 䛭䛾 1,000௨ୖඹྠ◊✲ᐇ䛒䜚 (n=4) 1,000௨ୖඹྠ◊✲ᐇ䛺䛧 (n=48) ᅗ7 ᅜෆᏛ➼ࡢඹ⏝タഛࡢ⏝ࡢ㝿ࡢᠱᛕ㡯㸦1,000 ௨ୖࡢඹྠ◊✲ᐇ㸧 91.3% 73.9% 43.5% 8.7% 4.3% 72.7% 38.6% 34.1% 2.3% 11.4% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% ᙜึணᐃ䛧䛯ඹྠ◊✲┠ⓗ䜢㐩ᡂ䛧䚸 ⮬♫ෆ䛷䛾◊✲㛤Ⓨ䛻⛣⾜䛧䛯 ඹྠ◊✲䛻䜘䜛┠ⓗ䛾㐩ᡂ䛾 ぢ㎸䜏䛜❧䛯䛺䛟䛺䛳䛯 ♫ෆᴗ᪉㔪䛾ኚ᭦ 䠄እ㒊㐃ᦠ䛾⦰ᑠ䞉ᙜヱ◊✲㛤Ⓨ䛾୰Ṇ䠅 䜘䜚ඃ䜜䛯◊✲ຊ䜢ᣢ䛴 ᅜෆඹྠ◊✲ඛ䜈䛸ኚ᭦ 䜘䜚ඃ䜜䛯◊✲ຊ䜢ᣢ䛴 ᾏእඹྠ◊✲ඛ䜈䛸ኚ᭦ 䛭䛾 1,000௨ୖඹྠ◊✲ᐇ䛒䜚 (n=23) 1,000௨ୖඹྠ◊✲ᐇ䛺䛧 (n=44) ᅗ5 ┤㏆ 3 ᖺ㛫࡛ࡢᅜෆᏛ➼ࡢඹྠ◊✲ࡢዎ⣙ࢆᘏ㛗ࡋ ࡞ࡗࡓ⌮⏤㸦」ᩘᅇ⟅㸧 14.3% 38.1% 9.5% 57.1% 11.4% 37.1% 2.9% 2.9% 57.1% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% ฟ䛥䜜䛯ᡂᯝ䛾ᢅ䛔䛻㛵䛩䜛 ዎ⣙ෆᐜ䛻‶ 㛫᥋㈝䛾⟬ฟ᪉ἲ䛺䛹㈝⏝㈇ᢸ䛻 㛵䛩䜛ዎ⣙ෆᐜ䛻‶ ᡂᯝฟ䛻䛴䛔䛶 Ꮫഃ䛻㈐௵ឤ䛜䛺䛔 Ꮫ⤌⧊䛾ពᛮỴᐃ䛜᫂☜䛷 ඹྠ◊✲䛜㐍䜑䛵䜙䛔 Ꮫ⤌⧊䛾ົᡭ⥆䛝䛜㐜䛔 䛭䛾 1,000௨ୖඹྠ◊✲ᐇ䛒䜚 (n=21) 1,000௨ୖඹྠ◊✲ᐇ䛺䛧 (n=35) ᅗ6 ┤㏆ 3 ᖺ㛫࡛ࡢᅜෆᏛ➼ࡢඹྠ◊✲ࡢዎ⣙ࢆᘏ㛗 ࡋ࡞ࡗࡓせᅉ㸦」ᩘᅇ⟅㸧 32.5% 5.8% 43.3% 7.5% 8.3% 60.0% 2.5% 9.3% 1.7% 29.7% 0.8% 2.5% 54.2% 1.7% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% ᐤ㝃㔠䛛䜙䛾Ⓨᒎ ᐤ㝃ㅮᗙ䛛䜙䛾Ⓨᒎ ጤク◊✲䛛䜙䛾Ⓨᒎ ᅜ䚸䜎䛯䛿ᅜ䛾ᶵ㛵䛸䛾 䝬䝑䝏䞁䜾䝣䜯䞁䝗䛛䜙䛾Ⓨᒎ 䝁䞁䝃䝹䝔䞊䝅䝵䞁䞉 㢳ၥዎ⣙䛛䜙䛾Ⓨᒎ ≉䛻๓ẁ㝵䛿䛺䛔 䛭䛾 䛒䛶䛿䜎䜛䜒䛾(」ᩘᅇ⟅) (n=120) ᭱䜒䛒䛶䛿䜎䜛䜒䛾(n=118) 29.2% 25.0% 58.3% 8.3% 0.0% 8.3% 4.2% 12.5% 12.5% 58.3% 4.2% 0.0% 8.3% 4.2% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% ᐤ㝃㔠䛛䜙䛾Ⓨᒎ ᐤ㝃ㅮᗙ䛛䜙䛾Ⓨᒎ ጤク◊✲䛛䜙䛾Ⓨᒎ ᅜ䚸䜎䛯䛿ᅜ䛾ᶵ㛵䛸䛾 䝬䝑䝏䞁䜾䝣䜯䞁䝗䛛䜙䛾Ⓨᒎ 䝁䞁䝃䝹䝔䞊䝅䝵䞁䞉 㢳ၥዎ⣙䛛䜙䛾Ⓨᒎ ≉䛻๓ẁ㝵䛿䛺䛔 䛭䛾 䛒䛶䛿䜎䜛䜒䛾(」ᩘᅇ⟅) (n=24) ᭱䜒䛒䛶䛿䜎䜛䜒䛾(n=24) ᅗ3 ᅜෆᏛ➼ࡢ ᮍ‶㸦⮬♫༢⊂࡛ࡢᨭฟ㸧ࡢ ඹྠ◊✲⮳ࡗࡓ㔠㖹ᨭᡶ࠸ࢆక࠺๓ẁ㝵 ᅗ4 ᅜෆᏛ➼ࡢ ௨ୖ㸦⮬♫༢⊂࡛ࡢᨭฟ㸧ࡢ ඹྠ◊✲⮳ࡗࡓ㔠㖹ᨭᡶ࠸ࢆక࠺๓ẁ㝵 2J07.pdf :4
࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊᑠᆺࡢ⏘Ꮫඹྠ ◊✲ࡢࡳࢆᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᴗ㸦ᅗ 7㸧ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧᆺ ࡢ⏘ Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࢆᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀᏛඹ⏝タഛࢆ⏝ ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ᴗ㸦ᅗ8㸧ࡀ࠶ࡲࡾᠱᛕࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡽ ࡎࠊᏛඹ⏝タഛࡢά⏝ࡋࡸࡍࡉࢆࡶࡗ࡚ᆺࡢ ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࢆᐇࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ᴗࡢㄏᘬຠᯝ ࡀ࠶ࡿࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸ࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ ᪤ඹ⏝タഛࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᴗࡣࠊ⌧ᅾ⾜ࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡿᏛ➼ࡢඹྠ◊✲ࡀຍ㏿ࡍࡿࡇࢆࡁ࡞ ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡋ࡚ᣲࡆ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦ᅗ 9㸧ࠊ᪤ᐇࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ୖ࡛ඹ⏝タഛࢆ⏝ࡍࡿ ࡇࡣ㔜せ࡞ࡿࠋ᭦ᆺࡢ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࢆᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᴗࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ㡰␒ᚅࡕࡼࡿ⏝ᶵ ࡢไ㝈ࢆᠱᛕ㡯ࡋ࡚ᣲࡆ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦ᅗ7㸧ࠊඹ⏝タഛࡢά⏝≧ἣࢆᩚ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ᪤ᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠ ◊✲ࢆᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᴗࡢᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ㄏᘬ㈨ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ 4 ⤖ࡧ ➨5 ᮇ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ᇶᮏィ⏬⟇ᐃ࠾ࡅࡿ㆟ㄽࡢ୰࡛ࠊᏛ࣭ᅜ❧◊✲㛤Ⓨἲேࡢᴗࡽࡢඹྠ◊✲ཷ ධ㢠ࡢ5 ቑࡢ┠ᶆ㐩ᡂࡀᥖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢁࠊ⌧ᅾඹྠ◊✲యࡢ 4.4%ࡋ㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ 1,000 ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿඹྠ◊✲ࡀቑ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ⌧≧ࠊ᪥ᮏᴗࡢእ㒊ᨭฟ◊✲㈝༨ࡵࡿᏛࡢᨭ ฟྜࡣప࠸ࠋ1,000 ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿඹྠ◊✲ࢆᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᴗࡢࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠸ࠊᆺᑠ ᆺࡢ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗ࣭ࡁࡗࡅࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊᏛࡢ⤌⧊ⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡢ㔜せᛶࡸࠊ๓ẁ㝵 ࡋ࡚ࡢ㔠㖹ⓗᨭᡶ࠸ࢆక࠺ጤク◊✲➼ࡀᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓࠋຍ࠼࡚ࠊࡇࡢ๓ẁ㝵ࡽࡢᣑᙇ ᑐࡍࡿ㜼ᐖせᅉࡋ࡚ࠊᏛࡢᡂᯝฟᑐࡍࡿ㈐௵ឤࡀᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᴗࡽࡢඹྠ◊✲ཷධ㢠 ቑຍࡣࠊࡇࢀࢆᡶᣔࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᴗᏛ࡛ࡢ⤌⧊ᑐ⤌⧊࡛ࡢ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲యไࡀ㔜せ࡞ࡾࠊࡑࡢ ಁ㐍ࡣࠊඹྠ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗࢆඹ᭷ࡋࠊࡑࡢ┠ⓗ㐩ᡂࡢࡓࡵᏛഃ࡛⾜࠺ࡁ㡯ࡀ☜ᐇᒚ⾜࡛ࡁࡿ ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺయไࡢᩚഛࡀ㔜せ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ࠙せཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ࠚ [1] ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡࣭Ꮫ⾡ᨻ⟇ᒁ⏬ホ౯ㄢࠕ➨ 2 ❶ ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ᇶᮏィ⏬ࡢኚ㑄ᐇ⦼ࠖࠗᖹᡂ 27 ᖺ∧⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ⓑ᭩࠘, 2015 [2] ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡࣭Ꮫ⾡ᨻ⟇ᒁ⏘ᴗ㐃ᦠ࣭ᆅᇦᨭㄢᏛᢏ⾡⛣㌿᥎㐍ᐊࠗᖹᡂ 27 ᖺᗘ Ꮫ ➼࠾ࡅࡿ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠ➼ᐇ≧ἣࡘ࠸࡚࠘, 2016 [3] ⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬ ⏘ᴗᢏ⾡⎔ቃᒁࠗ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠάືࡢ᭦࡞ࡿ῝ྥࡅ࡚ ᖹᡂ 27 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 14 ᪥࠘, 2015 [4] ෆ㛶ᗓ ࠗ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ⥲ྜᡓ␎ 2015 (2015 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 19 ᪥㛶㆟Ỵᐃ)࠘, 2015
[5] Chesbrough, H. “Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology“, Harvard Business School Press, 2003
[6] ෆ㛶ᗓ ࠕ࣮࢜ࣉ࣭ࣥࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࠖࢆᐃ⩏ࡍࡿ 㹼ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ௦ࡢ᪥ᮏⴠࡢ┿ᅉ㹼, 2010 [7] Larry Keeley, Helen Walters, Ryan Pikkel, Brian Quinn, Ten Types of Innovation: The Discipline of Building Breakthroughs, John Wiley & Sons, 2013
[8] Doblin ♫ HP㸦᭱⤊ࢡࢭࢫ 2017/9/21㸧㸸https://www.doblin.com/
[9] ࣮࣊ࣥࣜ ࢳ࢙ࢫࣈࣟ࢘, ๓ ᜨ୍ᮁ㸦⩻ヂ㸧23(1,1129$7,21ʊࣁ࣮ࣂ࣮ࢻὶࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ ᡓ␎ࡢࡍ࡚, Harvard business school press, 2004
[10] ᳃ᮏⱱ㞝, ᆤ⏣㧗ᶞ, Ᏻ⸨, Ḣᕞ㐃ྜࢥࣥࢯ࣮ࢩ࣒ Imec ࡢࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ᥎㐍⟇㹼 Imec ࠾ࡼࡧḢᕞࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡘ࠸࡚㹼, ⏘Ꮫᐁ㐃ᦠࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣝ, 2010 ᖺ 9 ᭶ྕ, 2010 [11] Larry Huston, Nabil Sakkab, ‘Connect and Develop: Inside Procter & Gamble’s New Model for Innovation’ Harvard Business Review, 2006
[12] すᑿዲྖ, ⤱ᕝ┿ဢ, ᕝᆙ ᴗࡢ◊✲άືࡢ࣮࢜ࣉࣥ, ◊✲࣏࣮ࣞࢺ No.303 November, ᐩ ኈ㏻⥲◊㸦FRI㸧⤒῭◊✲ᡤ, 2007 [13] ᫍ㔝 㐩ஓ, ࣮࢜ࣉ࣭ࣥࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡢᩍ⛉᭩, ♫እࡢᢏ⾡࡛ࣅࢪࢿࢫࢆࡘࡃࡿᐇ㊶ࢫࢸࢵࣉ, 2015 [14] 㤿ሙ㟹᠇, ᚋ⸨ ࠗ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࡢᐇド◊✲࠘ ᮾிᏛฟ∧, 2007 90.5% 14.3% 14.3% 42.9% 52.4% 9.5% 85.5% 17.7% 22.6% 40.3% 33.9% 11.3% 1.6% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% ⮬♫䛻䛺䛔᭱ඛ➃䛾ᶵჾ䛜 ά⏝䛷䛝䜛 ⮬♫䛾ᶵჾ䜔タഛ䜢タ⨨䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷 ᨵⰋ䛾Ⅽ䛾䝕䞊䝍䜢ྲྀᚓ䛷䛝䜛 ᪂䛯䛺ඹྠ◊✲䛾ᶵ䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䜛 䠄Ꮫ◊✲⪅䞉䛾⏝ᴗ䠅 ⌧ᅾ⾜䛳䛶䛔䜛Ꮫ➼䛸䛾 ඹྠ◊✲䛜ຍ㏿䛩䜛 ὴ㐵䛧䛯⮬♫◊✲⪅䛾 ▱㆑䞉ᢏ⾡䛜ྥୖ䛩䜛 ඃ⚽䛺Ꮫ⏕䞉䝫䝇䝗䜽䛾 䝸䜽䝹䞊䝖䛻⧅䛜䜛 ≉䛻䛺䛧 䛭䛾 1,000௨ୖඹྠ◊✲ᐇ䛒䜚 (n=21) 1,000௨ୖඹྠ◊✲ᐇ䛺䛧 (n=62) ᅗ 9 ᅜෆᏛ➼ࡢඹ⏝タഛࡢ⏝ᑐࡋ࡚ᮇᚅࡍࡿຠᯝ 㸦1,000 ௨ୖࡢඹྠ◊✲ᐇ㸧
[15] David C. Mowery and Arvids A. Ziedonis, Academic patent quality and quantity before and after the Bayh-Dole act in the United States, Research Policy, vol.31, issue3, pp.399-418, 2002
[16] ὥ⨾Ụࠕ⡿ᅜࣂ࣭ࢻ࣮ࣝἲ 28 ᖺࡢຌ⨥ ᪂ࡓ࡞⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࣔࢹࣝࡢᶍ⣴ࡶࠖࠗ⏘Ꮫᐁ㐃ᦠࢪ࣮ࣕࢼ ࣝ࠘ 2009 ᖺ 1 ᭶ྕ, 2009 [17] Ọ⏣ஓࠕ⛉Ꮫࢭࢡࢱ࣮ࡽẸ㛫ᴗࡢ▱㆑ࣇ࣮ࣟ㛵ࡍࡿศᯒࠖࠗ⥂Ꮵ◊✲࠘71(2), pp.237-248, 2005 [18] 㛗ᒸ㈆⏨, ⣽㔝ග❶, すᮧ῟୍, ㉥ụఙ୍ࠕ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࡼࡿ▱㆑ฟࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡢ◊✲ ʊ⏘ ᏛࡢඹྠⓎ᫂⪅ࡢつᶍㄪᰝࡽࡢᇶ♏ⓗ▱ぢࠖࠗNISTEP ㄪᰝ㈨ᩱ࠘ No.221, ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡࣭Ꮫ⾡ᨻ⟇◊ ✲ᡤ, 2013 [19] 㛗㔝⿱Ꮚࠕᅜ❧Ꮫ➼࠾ࡅࡿ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࡢ┠ᶆタᐃ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺࡢ≧ἣࠖࠗNISTEP Discussion Paper࠘ No.69, ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡࣭Ꮫ⾡ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ, 2010 [20] ᅜ❧ᏛἲேᒣᏛ ⏘Ꮫᐁ㐃ᦠ࣭◊✲᥎㐍ᶵᵓ ࣮ࠗ࢜ࣉࣥࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ࠾ࡅࡿᏛ▱㈈ᡓ ␎㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ◊✲ሗ࿌᭩࠘, 2010
[21] ᪂ᮧஂ, Ọ⏣ஓࠕᆺ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࡢ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺಀࡿㄪᰝ◊✲ࠖࠗNISTEP Discussion Paper࠘ No.127, ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡࣭Ꮫ⾡ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ, 2015