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JAIST Repository: 産学共同研究の大型化に影響を及ぼす要因の分析

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JAIST Repository

https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/ Title 産学共同研究の大型化に影響を及ぼす要因の分析 Author(s) 新村, 和久; 永田, 晃也 Citation 年次学術大会講演要旨集, 32: 882-887 Issue Date 2017-10-28

Type Conference Paper Text version publisher

URL http://hdl.handle.net/10119/14907

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本著作物は研究・イノベーション学会の許可のもとに 掲載するものです。This material is posted here with permission of the Japan Society for Research Policy and Innovation Management.

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ۑ᪂ᮧ࿴ஂ㸦ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡࣭Ꮫ⾡ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ㸧Ọ⏣᫭ஓ㸦஑ᕞ኱Ꮫ㸧







1 ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ 1.1 ⫼ᬒ ࢃࡀᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠไᗘࡣࠊ1996 ᖺࡢ➨ 1 ᮇ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ᇶᮏィ⏬࡛ࡢ⏘Ꮫᐁࡢேⓗ஺ὶಁ㐍࡬ࡢゝ ཬࢆዎᶵ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ⣙20 ᖺ㛫࡟ᛴ㏿࡞ኚ㠉ࢆ㐙ࡆ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ኱Ꮫ➼ᢏ⾡⛣㌿ἲࡢไᐃ㸦1998 ᖺ㸧ࠊ᪥ᮏ ∧ࣂ࢖㸻ࢻ࣮ࣝ᮲㡯ࢆྵࡴ⏘ᴗάຊ෌⏕≉ูᥐ⨨ἲࡢไᐃ㸦1999 ᖺ㸧࡞࡝ࠊ኱Ꮫࡢᢏ⾡ࢆ⛣㌿ࡍࡿࡓࡵ ࡢไᗘᩚഛࡸࠊᅜ❧኱Ꮫࡢἲே໬㸦2004 ᖺ㸧ࠊ኱Ꮫࡢᙺ๭࡜ࡋ࡚♫఍㈉⊩ࢆ᪂ࡓ࡟ຍ࠼ࡓᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲࡢ ᨵṇ㸦2006 ᖺ㸧࡞࡝ࠊᅜࡢ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࢃࡀᅜࡢ⏘ᴗ➇தຊࢆ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࡢά⏝࡟ࡼ ࡾ㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢᇶ┙ᵓ⠏ࡀ✚ᴟⓗ࡟࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㹙1㹛ࠋ ࡇࡢࢃࡀᅜ࡛ࡢ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࡢ≧ἣ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ኱Ꮫ࡜Ẹ㛫௻ᴗ࡜ࡢඹྠ◊✲௳ᩘࠊ࠾ࡼࡧẸ㛫௻ᴗ࠿ࡽࡢ ◊✲㈨㔠ࡢᨭฟ㢠࡞࡝ࠊྛ✀ᣦᶆࡢ᥎⛣ࢆぢࡿ࡜ࠊ2004 ᖺࡢᅜ❧኱Ꮫἲே໬௨㝆ࠊᖺࠎቑຍഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿ [2]ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ♫఍࡟኱ࡁ࡞࢖ࣥࣃࢡࢺࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᢏ⾡ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍ࡟ࡣࠊ୍ᐃ௨ୖࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨつᶍࡀ ᚲせ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ┤㏆2015 ᖺᗘࡢ௻ᴗ࠿ࡽࡢᨭฟ㔠 1,000 ୓෇௨ୖࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ኱ᆺࡢඹྠ◊✲ࡣ ࢃࡎ࠿4.4%࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠸㸦࣏ࢫࢻࢡ㞠⏝๰ฟࡀྍ⬟࡞ࣛ࢖ࣥ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ1,000 ୓෇௨ୖࡢඹྠ◊✲ࢆࠕ኱ᆺࠖ ࡜ᐃ⩏ࡋࡓࠋᾏእ࡛ࡣ1,000 ୓෇௨ୖࡢඹྠ◊✲ࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㹙3㹛㸧[1]ࠋ ➨ 5 ᮇ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ᇶᮏィ⏬㹙4㹛࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࡣ౫↛ᮏ᱁ẁ㝵࡟⮳ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜ࡢㄢ㢟ព㆑ࡢ ࡶ࡜ࠊ࣮࢜ࣉࣥ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿ௙⤌ࡳࡢᙉ໬ࡀᥖࡆࡽࢀࠊᇶᮏィ⏬⟇ᐃ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㆟ㄽࡢ୰࡛ࠊ ࡇࡢඹྠ◊✲ཷධ㢠ࡢ5 ๭ቑࢆ┠ᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢ┠ᶆࢆ┠ᣦࡍୖ࡛ࠊ⌧ᅾ኱ᆺࡢ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࡀᅽಽⓗ࡟ᑡ࡞࠸≧ἣࡣࠊࢃࡀᅜࡢ௻ᴗ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊ ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡢ๰ฟࡢ᪉ἲㄽ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࡀ༑ศ࡟ά⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࢀࢆ ಁࡍୖ࡛ࠊ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࡢ኱ᆺ໬࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍせᅉࡢศᯒࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ 1.2 ඛ⾜◊✲  ௻ᴗ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࡣࠊ௻ᴗࡀ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢆ㉳ࡇࡍⅭࡢ᪉ἲㄽࡢ୍ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ࠸ ࢃࡺࡿࠊ࣮࢜ࣉࣥ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡢ୍㢮ᆺ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ௻ᴗࡀእ㒊࠿ࡽࡢ࢔࢖ࢹ࢔ࡢධᡭඛ࡜ࡋ࡚኱Ꮫࢆ㑅 ᢥࡋࡓሙྜࡀヱᙜࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ࣮࢜ࣉࣥ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ࡜ࡣࠊ௻ᴗ⤌⧊ෆ㒊ࡢ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿ ࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ௻ᴗࡣ♫ෆ㈨※ࡢࡳ࡟㢗ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊእ㒊ࡢ኱Ꮫࡸ௚௻ᴗࡢ࢔࢖ࢹ࢔ࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ά⏝ࡋࠊ᭷ ᶵⓗ࡟⤖ྜࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡛᪂ࡓ࡞౯್ࢆ๰㐀ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ࡜ࡋ࡚ࢳ࢙ࢫࣈࣟ࢘࡟ࡼࡾᥦၐࡉࢀࡓᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿ 㹙5㹛ࠋ ࡇࡢᴫᛕࡢゎ㔘࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊᵝࠎ࡞ᤊ࠼᪉ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ⤒῭༠ຊ㛤Ⓨᶵᵓ㸦OECD㸧࡛ࡣࢳ࢙ࢫࣈࣟ࢘࡟ ࡼࡿᐃ⩏ࢆྵࡴඵࡘࡢᐃ⩏ࢆేグࡋࠊほⅬ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᵝࠎ࡞ᐃ⩏ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㹙6㹛ࠋ ࡉࡽ࡟㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣࠊ࣮࢜ࣉࣥ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡢᑐ㇟ࡀࠊ◊✲㛤Ⓨࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝࡸࢧ࣮ࣅ ࢫ㡿ᇦ࡬࡜ᣑ኱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡸࠊ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢆᐇ⾜ࡋᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢせ⣲ࢆࠕ10 ࡢ㢮ᆺࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚♧ ࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊᴗ✀ࡸᴗ⏺ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡟ࡼࡿศ㢮ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㹙7㹛㹙8㹛ࠊ௻ᴗࡢ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙ ࣥࡢ᥎㐍᪉ἲࡢከᵝᛶࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ஦౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᨻᗓ୺ᑟࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ1987 ᖺ࡟๰タࡉࢀࡓ༙ᑟయࢥࣥࢯ࣮ࢩ࢔࣒ SEMATECH 㸦Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology Consortium㸧ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ௻ᴗ㛫࡛ࡢ࣮࢜ࣉࣥ࡞➇த ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿⅭࡢ௙⤌ࡳ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ➇தࡢ↔Ⅼࢆ᫂♧ࡍࡿ࣮ࣟࢻ࣐ࢵࣉ ITRS㸦International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors㸧ࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ㠀➇த㡿ᇦ࡛ࡢ㐃ᦠࢆಁࡍࡇ࡜࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓ㹙9㹛ࠋ◊✲ ᶵ㛵࡟ࡼࡿᥦᦠ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ࣋ࣝࢠ࣮ࡢ࢚ࣞࢡࢺࣟࢽࢡࢫࡢ◊✲㛤ⓎᣐⅬ࡛࠶ࡿ Imec㸦Interuniversity Microelectronics Center㸧ࡀࠊᣐⅬ࡟⵳✚ࡋࡓ᝟ሗࡸᡂᯝࡢ฼⏝࣭㓄ศࡢ࢖ࣥࢭࣥࢸ࢕ࣈࢆ᫂☜໬ࡍࡿ࡞ ࡝ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡟ࡼࡾୡ⏺୰ࡢ௻ᴗࡢཧ⏬ࡍࡿࢥࣥࢯ࣮ࢩ࢔࣒໬࡟ᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ[10]ࠋ௻ᴗ࡟ࡼࡿ஦౛࡜

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ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ࢖࣮ࣛ࢖࣮ࣜࣜࡢ♫ෆ࣋ࣥࢳ࣮ࣕ࡜ࡋ࡚ጞࡲࡗࡓࠕ࢖ࣀࢭࣥࢸ࢕ࣈࠖࡸࠊP&G ࡀ㐠Ⴀࡍࡿ ࠕConnect + DevelopࠖࡀࠊR㸤D ࣐࣮ࢣࢵࢺࣉࣞ࢖ࢫ஦౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࡼࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[11][12][13]ࠋࡲࡓ㏆ᖺ ࡢᅜෆ஦౛࡜ࡋ࡚ᮾࣞࠊࢹࣥࢯ࣮ࠊᖇேࠊ࿡ࡢ⣲ࠊ኱㜰࢞ࢫࡸ་⸆ရᴗ⏺࡞࡝ᅜෆ௻ᴗ࡟ࡼࡿㄢ㢟ゎỴ ເ㞟ᆺࡢ஦౛ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[13]ࠋ ୍᪉ࠊ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡢ๰ฟ࡟㛵୚ࡍࡿ኱Ꮫഃ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ▱㆑ࡢ⛣㌿࡟㛵ࡍࡿᨵ㠉ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀጞࡵࡓࠋ ࢔࣓࡛ࣜ࢝ࡣࠊ1980 ᖺ≉チἲᨵṇ࡟ࡼࡾᨻᗓ㈨㔠ࢆά⏝ࡋࡓ◊✲㛤Ⓨ࡟ࡼࡾ⏕ࡲࢀࡓⓎ᫂ࡢ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒ ࢆ኱Ꮫ➼ࡢ◊✲ᶵ㛵࡟ᖐᒓࡉࡏࠊ኱Ꮫ➼ࡀࣛ࢖ࢭࣥࢫάືࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸦㏻⛠ࣂ࢖㸻ࢻ࣮ ࣝἲ㸧ࠋࢃࡀᅜ࡛ࡶ⣙20 ᖺᚋ࡟ྠᵝࡢไᗘᨵ㠉ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊᨻᗓ㈨㔠࡟ࡼࡿ◊✲ᡂᯝࡢᐇ⏝໬ࢆಁࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ ࡀࠊୖグไᗘࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ୍㠃࡛࠶ࡾࠊ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒࡀࣛ࢖ࢭࣥࢫྍ⬟ ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢࡳ࡛ᐇ⏝໬ࡀಁ㐍ࡉࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜ࡢぢゎࡶ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[14]ࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣂ࢖㸻ࢻ࣮ࣝἲ⮬యࡶࠊࣂ࢖㸻ࢻ࣮ࣝἲ᪋⾜๓ࡢ◊✲ᡂᯝ࠿ࡽከ㢠ࡢࣛ࢖ࢭ ࣥࢫ཰ධࢆ⏕ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ኱Ꮫഃ࡟࠾࠸࡚◊✲ᡂᯝࡢᶒ฼୺ᙇࡀᙉࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ஺΅ࡢ㛗ᮇ໬࡞࡝ࡢᘢᐖࢆࡶࡓ ࡽࡋࡓࠊ࡞࡝ࡢሗ࿌ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶ⫯ᐃⓗ࡞ホ౯ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸[15][16]ࠋ ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ௻ᴗࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ◊✲࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏ∧ࣂ࢖㸻ࢻ࣮ࣝ᮲㡯᪋⾜๓ࡢ኱Ꮫ➼ࡢ◊✲ᶵ㛵 ࠿ࡽ௻ᴗ࡬ࡢ▱㆑ࡢ⛣㌿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᐃ㔞ⓗ࡞◊✲࠿ࡽࠊ௻ᴗ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚◊✲ᶵ㛵ࡢ▱㆑ࡣ᭷⏝࡞᝟ሗ※࡛ ࠶ࡿ୍᪉ࠊ≉チᶒࡸᢏ⾡ࣛ࢖ࢭࣥࢫࢆ፹௓࡜ࡋࡓ▱㆑ࡢ⛣㌿ࡢ㔜せᛶࡣ㝈ᐃⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿ[17]ࠋࡲࡓࠊ◊✲⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ◊✲࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᢏ⾡⛣㌿㛵㐃ἲไᗘࡢᑟධ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ⏘ Ꮫࡢ༠ຊ㛵ಀࡣቑຍࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊไᗘᨵ㠉௨๓࠿ࡽᏑᅾࡍࡿ࢖ࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣝ࡞ᢏ⾡⛣㌿࡟⨨ࡁ᥮ ࢃࡿ࡟ࡣࠊࡲࡔ⮳ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[14]ࠋ ᭦࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏᅜෆ࡛ࡢ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ࡟㛵ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࣑࣮ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࢆ ㏻ࡌࡓ◊✲ࢳ࣮࣒඲య࡛ࡢ᝟ሗࡢඹ᭷ࡢ㔜せᛶࢆᣦ᦬ࡋࡓ◊✲[18]ࠊ኱Ꮫ◊✲⪅ࡀ✚ᴟⓗ࡟⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠ࡟ ᚑ஦ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊᴗ⦼ホ౯ࡸฎ㐝࡟࠾ࡅࡿ≉ẁࡢ㓄៖ࡢᚲせᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ◊✲[19]ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ 」ᩘࡢ኱Ꮫ࣭௻ᴗ➼ࡀཧຍࡍࡿ኱ᆺඹྠ◊✲ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ஺΅ࡀ㞴⯟ࡍࡿ㡯┠ࡣ୺࡜ࡋ࡚▱ ⓗ㈈⏘㛵㐃࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜➼ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ◊✲[20]ࠊ࡞࡝ࠊ⤌⧊ࡸ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒࡢつ⛬࡞࡝ࠊ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ࡟㛵ࡍ ࡿ㔜せᛶࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢせᅉࡢ⌧≧ㄆ㆑࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ⥲ྜᡓ␎2017㸦2017 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 2 ᪥㛶㆟Ỵᐃ㸧 ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊඹྠ◊✲ࡢ㈝⏝㈇ᢸࡢ㐺ṇ໬ࡸᡂᯝ┠ᶆ࣭㐩ᡂ᫬ᮇࡢぢ࠼ࡿ໬ࠊࣜࢫࢡ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺࡢᐇ᪋ ࡞࡝⤒Ⴀᡓ␎ࢆ᫂☜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊẸ㛫࡜ࡢⰋዲ࡞ಙ㢗㛵ಀ࡜ࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࢆᙉᅛ࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࠕ⤌ ⧊ࠖᑐࠕ⤌⧊ࠖࡢᮏ᱁ⓗ࡞⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࢆಁ㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢ㔜せᛶࡀゝཬࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ ୖ࡛ࠊᐇ㝿࡟ᮏ᱁ⓗ࡞⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ௻ᴗࡢᐇែࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ 1.3 ┠ⓗ 2004 ᖺࡢᅜ❧኱Ꮫἲே໬௨㝆ࠊ኱Ꮫ࡜Ẹ㛫௻ᴗ࡜ࡢඹྠ◊✲௳ᩘࠊẸ㛫௻ᴗ࠿ࡽࡢ◊✲㈨㔠ࡢᨭฟ㢠ࠊ ≉チฟ㢪ᩘࠊ≉チᶒᐇ᪋チㅙᩘࠊࣛ࢖ࢭࣥࢫ㢠࡞࡝ྛ✀ᣦᶆࡣቑຍഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢᇶ࡜࡞ࡿᢏ⾡⛣ ㌿㛵㐃ἲ᱌࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣඛ⾜ᩥ⊩࠿ࡽࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ⫯ᐃⓗ࡞ホ౯ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࡢ㜼ᐖせᅉ࡜ࡶ࡞ ࡾ࠺ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊඛ⾜◊✲ࡣࠊไᗘኚ㑄ᮇ࡟࠾ࡅࡿホ౯ࡀ୰ᚰ࡛࠶ࡿⅭࠊࡇࢀࡽ ࡢ▱ぢࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓୖ࡛ࠊἲ᱌ᩚഛ࠿ࡽ⣙ 20 ᖺࡀ⤒㐣ࡋ࡚ᐇ⦼ࡀ⵳✚ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ⌧᫬Ⅼ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏ ࡢ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࡢᐇ᝟ࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ඛ⾜ࡋ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ[21]࡛᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ኱ᆺ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࡢ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ ୖࡢၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠊᣐⅬࡢ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫࠊ௚♫࡜ࡢ༠ാࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㡯┠ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊࠕ௚⪅࡜ ࡢ༠ാࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡼࡾ᥀ࡾୗࡆࡓ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ࡟ࡼࡾ⤌⧊ᑐ⤌⧊ࡢ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࡢㄢ㢟ࡸ㔜せⅬࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿ ࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ 2 ௬ㄝࠊ᪉ἲ 2.1 ௬ㄝ ๓㏙ࡢඛ⾜◊✲࡜ࠊ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ௻ᴗ࡬ࡢ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࡢゎᯒ[21]ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊ኱ᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊ ✲᥎㐍࣭㜼ᐖせᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ௬ㄝ1㹼3 ࢆ❧࡚ࡓࠋ ௬ㄝ1. ኱ᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࡢዎ⣙ࡀᡂ❧ࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡣ኱Ꮫ࠿ࡽࡢᥦ᱌ࡀ㔜せ࡜࡞ࡿ ௬ㄝ2. ᑠᆺࡢ㔠㖹ⓗᨭᡶ࠸ࢆక࠺ዎ⣙࠿ࡽ኱ᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࡢዎ⣙࡟Ⓨᒎࡍࡿ ௬ㄝ3. ኱Ꮫඹ⏝タഛࡀά⏝ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ௻ᴗࡢ኱ᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ືᶵ௜ࡅ࡜࡞ࡿ 2J07.pdf :2

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2.2 ᪉ἲ (1) ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝᑐ㇟ ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝᑐ㇟௻ᴗࡣࠊඛ❧ࡗ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ*࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ ⤒㦂ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓ265 ♫ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ௻ᴗࢆẕ㞟ᅋ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ 1,000 ୓෇௨ୖࡢ኱ᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ᐇ᪋ࡢ᭷↓࡛ẚ㍑ศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬࠊᑐ㇟ᶆᮏࡣᅜෆ ◊✲㛤Ⓨ௻ᴗ඲య࡟ᑐࡋ࡚೫ࡾࡀ࠶ࡿⅬ࡟␃ពࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ (2) ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ⤖ᯝゎᯒ ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ༢⣧㞟ィࠊ࠾ࡼࡧタၥ㛫࡛ࡢࢡࣟࢫ㞟ィࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ௬ㄝࡢ᳨ドࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ 3 ⤖ᯝ 3.1 ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺᅇ཰⤖ᯝ ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࡣ㒑㏦࡟ࡼࡾ⾜࠸ࠊ265 ♫୰ 145 ♫ࡢᅇ⟅ࢆᚓࡓ㸦ᅇ཰⋡㸸54.7㸣㸧ࠋ ࡞࠾ࠊ⥲ົ┬ࠕ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡◊✲ㄪᰝࠖ࡟ࡼࡿㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊㄪᰝᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿ௻ᴗᩘࡣ489,039 ♫࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑ ࡢ࠺ࡕ◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ௻ᴗᩘࡣ15,375 ♫࡜࡞ࡿࠋᮏㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢ◊✲ᐇ᪋௻ᴗࡢ୰࠿ࡽ NISTEP ௻ ᴗྡ㎡᭩࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿ5,761 ♫ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ࡟ࡼࡾᅇ⟅ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓ 571 ♫ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊㄪᰝ᫬ Ⅼ࡛㐣ཤ3 ᖺ㛫࡟⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ⤒㦂ࡢ࠶ࡿ௻ᴗ 275 ♫ࢆᶆᮏ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚ࠊᮏㄪᰝࡣࠊ ᅜෆ඲௻ᴗ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ◊✲ᐇ᪋௻ᴗࡢ୰ࡢ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ௻ᴗࢆẕ㞟ᅋ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿⅬ࡟␃ ពࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 3.2 ᅇ⟅௻ᴗࡢつᶍ࡜኱ᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ ௒ᅇࡢ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࡢᅇ⟅௻ᴗ㸦2012 ᖺ㹼2015 ᖺࡢ㛫࡟⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ᐇ᪋⤒㦂ࡢ࠶ࡿ௻ᴗ㸧ࡢࠊ1 ᖺ࠶ࡓࡾࡢ1,000 ୓෇ᮍ‶ࡢඹྠ◊✲௳ᩘࡣࠊ㈨ᮏ㔠 10 ൨෇௨ୖࡢ኱௻ᴗ࡛ከ࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ1,000 ୓෇ ௨ୖࡢඹྠ◊✲௳ᩘࡣࠊ㈨ᮏ㔠 10 ൨෇௨ୖࡢ኱௻ᴗ࡛ࡶᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸௻ᴗࡢẚ⋡ࡀ㧗ࡃࠊᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿ௻ᴗࡢ๭ྜ࡛ࡣࠊ㈨ᮏ㔠1 ൨෇ᮍ‶ࡢ௻ᴗ࡜࡛ኚࢃࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ ࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ௻ᴗࡢつᶍ㸦㈨ᮏ㔠㸧ࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡣ኱ᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ᚲ㡲࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠ࡟ࡼࡿ࣮࢜ࣉࣥ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ᑐࡍࡿព㆑ࡢᙉ࠸௻ᴗࡀྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࡜᥎ ࡉࢀࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ ᴗ✀ࡣ〇㐀ᴗ࠿㠀〇㐀ᴗ࠿࡛኱ࡁࡃ㐪࠸ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ 3.3 ௬ㄝ 1. ࠕ኱ᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࡢዎ⣙ࡀᡂ❧ࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡣ኱Ꮫ࠿ࡽࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡀ㔜せ࡜࡞ࡿࠖࡢ᳨ド ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ⤒⦋࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ௻ᴗഃ࠿ࡽࡢᡴデࡀ᭱ࡶከ࠸ࡀࠊ1,000 ୓෇௨ୖࡢ኱ᆺ⏘Ꮫ ඹྠ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ1,000 ୓෇ᮍ‶ࡢᑠᆺࡢ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲࡟ẚ࡭࡚኱Ꮫ⤌⧊㸦⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠ㒊㛛࣭URA࣭TLO㸧 ࠿ࡽࡢᡴデࡀᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ1,2㸧ࠋ 㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝㹝 *NISTEP ௻ᴗྡ㎡᭩㸦ver.2014.2㸧ᥖ㍕ࡢ 5,761 ௻ᴗࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋNISTEP ௻ᴗྡ㎡᭩ࡢᥖ㍕௻ᴗࡣࠊA) ≉チฟ㢪ᩘ⣼✚ 100 ௳௨ ୖ㸦1970 ᖺ௨㝆㸧ࠊB) ≉チฟ㢪ᩘࡢఙࡧ⋡኱㸦3 ᖺࠊ5 ᖺࠊ7 ᖺࡢྛᮇ㛫࡛ 1 ᖺࡈ࡜⛣ືࡉࡏࡓ⥺ᙧࣇ࢕ࢵࢺ࡛ホ౯㸧ࠊC) ᰴᘧୖሙ௻ᴗࠊ ࡢ୕ࡘࢆᇶ‽࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢᶆᮏ㑅ᢥࡢ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊඛ❧ࡗ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ◊✲㛤Ⓨࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ௻ᴗࡢ୰࡛ ࡶࠊᅇ⟅㞟ᅋࡢ࠺ࡕ⣙༙ᩘࡋ࠿㐣ཤ3 ᖺ㛫࡛ࡢ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ᐇ⦼ࡀ࡞ࡃࠊ᭦࡟ 1,000 ୓෇௨ୖࡢ኱ᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ᐇ⦼௻ᴗࡣࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ ࡢ⣙3 ๭࡜㝈ᐃⓗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ◊✲㛤Ⓨᐇ᪋௻ᴗ඲యࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ⣙༙ᩘࡣ◊✲┠ⓗእࡢᅇ⟅࡜࡞ࡾࠊ࠿ࡘ኱ᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠᐇ᪋௻ᴗࡢᅇ⟅ ᩘቑຍࡢᮇᚅࡶぢ㎸ࡳ࡟ࡃ࠸Ⅽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 48.8% 12.4% 81.8% 24.8% 7.4% 7.4% 6.6% 2.5% 16.0% 1.7% 68.9% 8.4% 0.8% 2.5% 1.7% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% ኱Ꮫ◊✲⪅䛛䜙䛾ᡴデ(n=59) ኱Ꮫ⤌⧊䠄⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠ㒊㛛䞉 㹓㹐㸿࣭TLO㸧䛛䜙䛾ᡴデ (n=15) ㈗♫䛛䜙኱Ꮫ◊✲⪅䜈䛾ᡴデ(n=99) ㈗♫䛛䜙኱Ꮫ⤌⧊䠄⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠ㒊㛛 䞉㹓㹐㸿࣭TLO㸧䜈䛾ᡴデ (n=30) ௰௓௻ᴗ䛛䜙䛾⤂௓(n=9) 䝬䝑䝏䞁䜾䝉䝭䝘䞊䛷䛾᥋ゐ(n=9) ᅜ䚸䜎䛯䛿ᅜ䛾ᶵ㛵䛸䛾 䝬䝑䝏䞁䜾䝣䜯䞁䝗(n=8) 䛭䛾௚(n=3) 䛒䛶䛿䜎䜛䜒䛾(」ᩘᅇ⟅)䠄n=121㸧 ᭱䜒䛒䛶䛿䜎䜛䜒䛾(n=119) 50.0% 29.2% 66.7% 16.7% 12.5% 4.2% 0.0% 4.2% 16.7% 12.5% 58.3% 4.2% 4.2% 0.0% 4.2% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% ኱Ꮫ◊✲⪅䛛䜙䛾ᡴデ ኱Ꮫ⤌⧊䠄⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠ㒊㛛䞉 㹓㹐㸿࣭TLO㸧䛛䜙䛾ᡴデ ㈗♫䛛䜙኱Ꮫ◊✲⪅䜈䛾ᡴデ ㈗♫䛛䜙኱Ꮫ⤌⧊䠄⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠ㒊㛛 䞉㹓㹐㸿࣭TLO㸧䜈䛾ᡴデ ௰௓௻ᴗ䛛䜙䛾⤂௓ 䝬䝑䝏䞁䜾䝉䝭䝘䞊䛷䛾᥋ゐ ᅜ䚸䜎䛯䛿ᅜ䛾ᶵ㛵䛸䛾 䝬䝑䝏䞁䜾䝣䜯䞁䝗 䛭䛾௚ 䛒䛶䛿䜎䜛䜒䛾(」ᩘᅇ⟅) (n=24) ᭱䜒䛒䛶䛿䜎䜛䜒䛾(n=24) ᅗ1 ᅜෆ኱Ꮫ➼࡜ࡢ 1,000 ୓෇ᮍ‶㸦⮬♫༢⊂࡛ࡢᨭฟ㸧ࡢ ඹྠ◊✲࡟⮳ࡗࡓ⤒⦋ ᅗ2 ᅜෆ኱Ꮫ➼࡜ࡢ 1,000 ୓෇௨ୖ㸦⮬♫༢⊂࡛ࡢᨭฟ㸧ࡢ ඹྠ◊✲࡟⮳ࡗࡓ⤒⦋

(5)

3.4 ௬ㄝ 2. ࠕᑠᆺࡢ㔠㖹ⓗᨭᡶ࠸ࢆక࠺ዎ⣙࠿ࡽ኱ᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࡢዎ⣙࡟Ⓨᒎࡍࡿࠖࡢ᳨ド 1,000 ୓෇௨ୖࡢ኱ᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࡣࠊ㔠㖹ᨭᡶ࠸ࢆక࠺๓ẁ㝵࡞ࡃඹྠ◊✲࡟Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢣ࣮ࢫ ࡣ࡯ࡰ࡞ࡃࠊከࡃࡣጤク◊✲࠿ࡽⓎᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ3,4㸧ࠋ ࡇࡢ኱ᆺࡢ⏘Ꮫ௻ᴗࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ௻ᴗࡢព㆑࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊඹྠ◊✲ࡀ⤊஢ࡍࡿࢣ࣮ࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ኱ᆺࡢ⏘Ꮫ ඹྠ◊✲ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ⤒㦂ࡢ࠶ࡿ௻ᴗࡣࠊᐇ᪋⤒㦂ࡢ࡞࠸௻ᴗ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ࠊᙜึணᐃࡋࡓඹྠ◊✲┠ⓗࢆ㐩 ᡂࡋࠊ⮬♫ෆ࡛ࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨ࡟⛣⾜ࡋࡓ⌮⏤ࡀ᭱ࡶከ࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊඹྠ◊✲࡟ࡼࡾ኱Ꮫ࠿ࡽ௻ᴗ࡬ࡢ▱㆑ ⛣㌿ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ┠ⓗ㐩ᡂࡢぢ㎸ࡳࡀ❧ࡓ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ⌮⏤ࡶከ࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࣁ࢖ࣜࢫࢡࡢඹྠ◊✲ࢆ ᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿ㸦ᅗ5㸧ࠋ࡞࠾ࠊዎ⣙ᘏ㛗ࢆ⾜ࢃ࡞࠿ࡗࡓሙྜࡢጉࡆ࡜࡞ࡗࡓせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᡂᯝ ๰ฟ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚኱Ꮫ࡟㈐௵ឤࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡢᅇ⟅ࡀከࡃࠊ኱ᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲࡟⧅ࡀࡾ࠺ࡿዎ⣙ࡢᘏ㛗࣭Ⓨᒎ ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᡂᯝ๰ฟ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ௻ᴗ࡜ࡢព㆑ࡢࡍࡾྜࢃࡏ࡜ᒚ⾜ࡍࡿ኱Ꮫࡢ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺయไࡀ㔜せ࡜ ࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿ㸦ᅗ6㸧ࠋ 3.5 ௬ㄝ 3. ࠕ኱Ꮫඹ⏝タഛࡀά⏝ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ௻ᴗࡢ኱ᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ືᶵ௜ࡅ࡜࡞ࡿࠖࡢ᳨ ド ኱Ꮫෆࡢඹ⏝タഛ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊά⏝ࡋࡸࡍࡉࡀ௻ᴗࡢ኱ᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࡢືᶵ௜ࡅ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚ 25.0% 40.0% 10.0% 20.0% 10.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 5.0% 25.0% 10.0% 30.0% 5.0% 19.4% 12.9% 12.9% 17.7% 4.8% 4.8% 19.4% 11.3% 6.5% 16.1% 14.5% 4.8% 51.6% 1.6% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 䝕䞊䝍₃ὤ䝸䝇䜽䛾୙Ᏻ䛜䛒䛳䛯 㡰␒ᚅ䛱䛻䜘䜛฼⏝ᶵ఍䛜ไ㝈䛥䜜䛯 ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䝕䞊䝍䛾ᢅ䛔䛺䛹 ฼⏝᮲௳䛾ไ⣙䛜䛒䛳䛯 ᡭ⥆䛝䛜↹㞧 タഛ䝯䞁䝔䝘䞁䝇䜈ປຊ䞉㈝⏝䛜䛥䛛䜜䛯 ᶵჾ䛾⟶⌮యไ䛻୙Ᏻ䛜䛒䛳䛯 ▱ⓗ㈈⏘䛻ಀ䜛ᶒ฼㛵ಀ䛜 ᶵ㛵䛤䛸䛻␗䛺䜛䛺䛹୙᫂░ ඹ⏝タഛ䛾฼⏝䜢⾜䛖ୖ䛷䛾 ྛ✀䝹䞊䝹䛜୙᫂░ タഛ䜢ᥦ౪䛩䜛኱Ꮫ⤌⧊䛾 ᑐᛂ❆ཱྀ䛜୙᫂░ ௻ᴗഃ䛾ᕼᮃ䛻㐺䛧䛯ᡂᯝ䛜 ᚓ䜙䜜䜛䛛䛜୙᫂░ タഛ䛾฼⏝䛛䜙ྲྀᚓ䝕䞊䝍䛾ゎᯒ䜎䛷䛾䚸 䛹䛣䜎䛷䛾ᨭ᥼䜢ཷ䛡䜙䜜䜛䛾䛛୙᫂░ ኱Ꮫ⤌⧊䛾఍ィฎ⌮᪉ἲ䛻䜘䜛 ㈝⏝㈇ᢸ䛾㐺᱁ᛶ䛜୙᫂░ ≉䛻䛺䛧 䛭䛾௚ 1,000୓෇௨ୖඹྠ◊✲ᐇ᪋䛒䜚 (n=21) 1,000୓෇௨ୖඹྠ◊✲ᐇ᪋䛺䛧 (n=62) ᅗ 8 ᅜෆ኱Ꮫ➼ࡢඹ⏝タഛࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸௻ᴗࡢ฼⏝ࡋ ࡞࠸⌮⏤㸦1,000 ୓෇௨ୖࡢඹྠ◊✲ᐇ᪋㸧 25.0% 25.0% 25.0% 25.0% 25.0% 25.0% 25.0% 50.0% 6.3% 10.4% 4.2% 10.4% 2.1% 2.1% 4.2% 8.3% 4.2% 14.6% 6.3% 4.2% 14.6% 60.4% 14.6% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 䝕䞊䝍䛾₃ὤ䛻ᠱᛕ䛜䛒䜛 㡰␒ᚅ䛱䛻䜘䜛฼⏝ᶵ఍䛾ไ㝈䛜䛒䜛 ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䝕䞊䝍䛾ᢅ䛔䛺䛹 ฼⏝᮲௳䛾ไ⣙䛜䛒䜛 ᡭ⥆䛝䛜↹㞧 タഛ䝯䞁䝔䝘䞁䝇䜈ປຊ䞉㈝⏝䛜䛥䛛䜜䜛 ᶵჾ䛾⟶⌮యไ䛻୙Ᏻ䛜䛒䜛 ▱ⓗ㈈⏘䛻ಀ䜛ᶒ฼㛵ಀ䛜 ᶵ㛵䛤䛸䛻␗䛺䜛䛺䛹୙᫂░ ඹ⏝タഛ䛾฼⏝䜢⾜䛖ୖ䛷䛾 ྛ✀䝹䞊䝹䛜୙᫂░ タഛ䜢ᥦ౪䛩䜛኱Ꮫ⤌⧊䛾 ᑐᛂ❆ཱྀ䛜୙᫂░ ௻ᴗഃ䛾ᕼᮃ䛻㐺䛧䛯ᡂᯝ䛜 ᚓ䜙䜜䜛䛛䛜୙᫂░ タഛ䛾฼⏝䛛䜙ྲྀᚓ䝕䞊䝍䛾ゎᯒ䜎䛷䛾䚸 䛹䛣䜎䛷䛾ᨭ᥼䜢ཷ䛡䜙䜜䜛䛾䛛୙᫂░ ኱Ꮫ⤌⧊䛾఍ィฎ⌮᪉ἲ䛻䜘䜛 ㈝⏝㈇ᢸ䛾㐺᱁ᛶ䛜୙᫂░ ฼⏝᪉ἲ䜢▱䜙䛺䛔 ≉䛻䛺䛧 䛭䛾௚ 1,000୓෇௨ୖඹྠ◊✲ᐇ᪋䛒䜚 (n=4) 1,000୓෇௨ୖඹྠ◊✲ᐇ᪋䛺䛧 (n=48) ᅗ7 ᅜෆ኱Ꮫ➼ࡢඹ⏝タഛࡢ฼⏝ࡢ㝿ࡢᠱᛕ஦㡯㸦1,000 ୓ ෇௨ୖࡢඹྠ◊✲ᐇ᪋㸧 91.3% 73.9% 43.5% 8.7% 4.3% 72.7% 38.6% 34.1% 2.3% 11.4% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% ᙜึணᐃ䛧䛯ඹྠ◊✲┠ⓗ䜢㐩ᡂ䛧䚸 ⮬♫ෆ䛷䛾◊✲㛤Ⓨ䛻⛣⾜䛧䛯 ඹྠ◊✲䛻䜘䜛┠ⓗ䛾㐩ᡂ䛾 ぢ㎸䜏䛜❧䛯䛺䛟䛺䛳䛯 ♫ෆ஦ᴗ᪉㔪䛾ኚ᭦ 䠄እ㒊㐃ᦠ䛾⦰ᑠ䞉ᙜヱ◊✲㛤Ⓨ䛾୰Ṇ䠅 䜘䜚ඃ䜜䛯◊✲ຊ䜢ᣢ䛴 ᅜෆඹྠ◊✲ඛ䜈䛸ኚ᭦ 䜘䜚ඃ䜜䛯◊✲ຊ䜢ᣢ䛴 ᾏእඹྠ◊✲ඛ䜈䛸ኚ᭦ 䛭䛾௚ 1,000୓෇௨ୖඹྠ◊✲ᐇ᪋䛒䜚 (n=23) 1,000୓෇௨ୖඹྠ◊✲ᐇ᪋䛺䛧 (n=44) ᅗ5 ┤㏆ 3 ᖺ㛫࡛ࡢᅜෆ኱Ꮫ➼࡜ࡢඹྠ◊✲ࡢዎ⣙ࢆᘏ㛗ࡋ ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ⌮⏤㸦」ᩘᅇ⟅㸧 14.3% 38.1% 9.5% 57.1% 11.4% 37.1% 2.9% 2.9% 57.1% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% ๰ฟ䛥䜜䛯ᡂᯝ䛾ᢅ䛔䛻㛵䛩䜛 ዎ⣙ෆᐜ䛻୙‶ 㛫᥋㈝䛾⟬ฟ᪉ἲ䛺䛹㈝⏝㈇ᢸ䛻 㛵䛩䜛ዎ⣙ෆᐜ䛻୙‶ ᡂᯝ๰ฟ䛻䛴䛔䛶 ኱Ꮫഃ䛻㈐௵ឤ䛜䛺䛔 ኱Ꮫ⤌⧊䛾ពᛮỴᐃ䛜୙᫂☜䛷 ඹྠ◊✲䛜㐍䜑䛵䜙䛔 ኱Ꮫ⤌⧊䛾஦ົᡭ⥆䛝䛜㐜䛔 䛭䛾௚ 1,000୓෇௨ୖඹྠ◊✲ᐇ᪋䛒䜚 (n=21) 1,000୓෇௨ୖඹྠ◊✲ᐇ᪋䛺䛧 (n=35) ᅗ6 ┤㏆ 3 ᖺ㛫࡛ࡢᅜෆ኱Ꮫ➼࡜ࡢඹྠ◊✲ࡢዎ⣙ࢆᘏ㛗 ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓせᅉ㸦」ᩘᅇ⟅㸧 32.5% 5.8% 43.3% 7.5% 8.3% 60.0% 2.5% 9.3% 1.7% 29.7% 0.8% 2.5% 54.2% 1.7% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% ᐤ㝃㔠䛛䜙䛾Ⓨᒎ ᐤ㝃ㅮᗙ䛛䜙䛾Ⓨᒎ ጤク◊✲䛛䜙䛾Ⓨᒎ ᅜ䚸䜎䛯䛿ᅜ䛾ᶵ㛵䛸䛾 䝬䝑䝏䞁䜾䝣䜯䞁䝗䛛䜙䛾Ⓨᒎ 䝁䞁䝃䝹䝔䞊䝅䝵䞁䞉 㢳ၥዎ⣙䛛䜙䛾Ⓨᒎ ≉䛻๓ẁ㝵䛿䛺䛔 䛭䛾௚ 䛒䛶䛿䜎䜛䜒䛾(」ᩘᅇ⟅) (n=120) ᭱䜒䛒䛶䛿䜎䜛䜒䛾(n=118) 29.2% 25.0% 58.3% 8.3% 0.0% 8.3% 4.2% 12.5% 12.5% 58.3% 4.2% 0.0% 8.3% 4.2% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% ᐤ㝃㔠䛛䜙䛾Ⓨᒎ ᐤ㝃ㅮᗙ䛛䜙䛾Ⓨᒎ ጤク◊✲䛛䜙䛾Ⓨᒎ ᅜ䚸䜎䛯䛿ᅜ䛾ᶵ㛵䛸䛾 䝬䝑䝏䞁䜾䝣䜯䞁䝗䛛䜙䛾Ⓨᒎ 䝁䞁䝃䝹䝔䞊䝅䝵䞁䞉 㢳ၥዎ⣙䛛䜙䛾Ⓨᒎ ≉䛻๓ẁ㝵䛿䛺䛔 䛭䛾௚ 䛒䛶䛿䜎䜛䜒䛾(」ᩘᅇ⟅) (n=24) ᭱䜒䛒䛶䛿䜎䜛䜒䛾(n=24) ᅗ3 ᅜෆ኱Ꮫ➼࡜ࡢ  ୓෇ᮍ‶㸦⮬♫༢⊂࡛ࡢᨭฟ㸧ࡢ ඹྠ◊✲࡟⮳ࡗࡓ㔠㖹ᨭᡶ࠸ࢆక࠺๓ẁ㝵 ᅗ4 ᅜෆ኱Ꮫ➼࡜ࡢ  ୓෇௨ୖ㸦⮬♫༢⊂࡛ࡢᨭฟ㸧ࡢ ඹྠ◊✲࡟⮳ࡗࡓ㔠㖹ᨭᡶ࠸ࢆక࠺๓ẁ㝵 2J07.pdf :4

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࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊᑠᆺࡢ⏘Ꮫඹྠ ◊✲ࡢࡳࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ௻ᴗ㸦ᅗ 7㸧ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ኱ᆺ ࡢ⏘ Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ኱Ꮫඹ⏝タഛࢆ฼⏝ ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸௻ᴗ㸦ᅗ8㸧ࡀ࠶ࡲࡾᠱᛕࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡽ ࡎࠊ኱Ꮫඹ⏝タഛࡢά⏝ࡋࡸࡍࡉࢆࡶࡗ࡚኱ᆺࡢ ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸௻ᴗ࡬ࡢㄏᘬຠᯝ ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸ࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ ᪤࡟ඹ⏝タഛࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ௻ᴗࡣࠊ⌧ᅾ⾜ࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡿ኱Ꮫ➼࡜ࡢඹྠ◊✲ࡀຍ㏿ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ኱ࡁ࡞ ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ᣲࡆ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦ᅗ 9㸧ࠊ᪤࡟ᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ୖ࡛ඹ⏝タഛࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿ ࡇ࡜ࡣ㔜せ࡟࡞ࡿࠋ᭦࡟኱ᆺࡢ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ௻ᴗ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ㡰␒ᚅࡕ࡟ࡼࡿ฼⏝ᶵ఍ ࡢไ㝈ࢆᠱᛕ஦㡯࡜ࡋ࡚ᣲࡆ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦ᅗ7㸧ࠊඹ⏝タഛࡢ฼ά⏝≧ἣ࡜ࢆᩚ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᪤࡟኱ᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠ ◊✲ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ௻ᴗ࡬ࡢ኱ᆺ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ㄏᘬ࡟㈨ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ 4 ⤖ࡧ ➨5 ᮇ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ᇶᮏィ⏬⟇ᐃ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㆟ㄽࡢ୰࡛ࠊ኱Ꮫ࣭ᅜ❧◊✲㛤Ⓨἲேࡢ௻ᴗ࠿ࡽࡢඹྠ◊✲ཷ ධ㢠ࡢ5 ๭ቑࡢ┠ᶆ㐩ᡂࡀᥖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ⌧ᅾඹྠ◊✲඲యࡢ 4.4%࡟ࡋ࠿㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ 1,000 ୓෇ ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿඹྠ◊✲ࡀቑ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ⌧≧ࠊ᪥ᮏ௻ᴗࡢእ㒊ᨭฟ◊✲㈝࡟༨ࡵࡿ኱Ꮫ࡬ࡢᨭ ฟ๭ྜࡣప࠸ࠋ1,000 ୓෇ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿඹྠ◊✲ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ௻ᴗ࡬ࡢ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ኱ᆺ࡜ᑠ ᆺࡢ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗ࣭ࡁࡗ࠿ࡅࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ኱Ꮫࡢ⤌⧊ⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡢ㔜せᛶࡸࠊ๓ẁ㝵࡜ ࡋ࡚ࡢ㔠㖹ⓗᨭᡶ࠸ࢆక࠺ጤク◊✲➼ࡀᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋຍ࠼࡚ࠊࡇࡢ๓ẁ㝵࠿ࡽࡢᣑᙇ ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㜼ᐖせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ኱Ꮫࡢᡂᯝ๰ฟ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㈐௵ឤࡀᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ௻ᴗ࠿ࡽࡢඹྠ◊✲ཷධ㢠 ቑຍ࡟ࡣࠊࡇࢀࢆᡶᣔࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞௻ᴗ࡜኱Ꮫ࡛ࡢ⤌⧊ᑐ⤌⧊࡛ࡢ⏘Ꮫඹྠ◊✲యไࡀ㔜せ࡜࡞ࡾࠊࡑࡢ ಁ㐍࡟ࡣࠊඹྠ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗࢆඹ᭷ࡋࠊࡑࡢ┠ⓗ㐩ᡂࡢࡓࡵ࡟኱Ꮫഃ࡛⾜࠺࡭ࡁ஦㡯ࡀ☜ᐇ࡟ᒚ⾜࡛ࡁࡿ ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺయไࡢᩚഛࡀ㔜せ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ࠙୺せཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ࠚ [1] ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡࣭Ꮫ⾡ᨻ⟇ᒁ௻⏬ホ౯ㄢࠕ➨ 2 ❶ ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ᇶᮏィ⏬ࡢኚ㑄࡜ᐇ⦼ࠖࠗᖹᡂ 27 ᖺ∧⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ⓑ᭩࠘, 2015 [2] ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡࣭Ꮫ⾡ᨻ⟇ᒁ⏘ᴗ㐃ᦠ࣭ᆅᇦᨭ᥼ㄢ኱Ꮫᢏ⾡⛣㌿᥎㐍ᐊࠗᖹᡂ 27 ᖺᗘ ኱Ꮫ ➼࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠ➼ᐇ᪋≧ἣ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠘, 2016 [3] ⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬ ⏘ᴗᢏ⾡⎔ቃᒁࠗ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠάືࡢ᭦࡞ࡿ῝໬࡟ྥࡅ࡚ ᖹᡂ 27 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 14 ᪥࠘, 2015 [4] ෆ㛶ᗓ ࠗ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ⥲ྜᡓ␎ 2015 (2015 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 19 ᪥㛶㆟Ỵᐃ)࠘, 2015

[5] Chesbrough, H. “Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology“, Harvard Business School Press, 2003

[6] ෆ㛶ᗓ ࠕ࣮࢜ࣉ࣭ࣥ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࠖࢆ෌ᐃ⩏ࡍࡿ 㹼ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ໬᫬௦ࡢ᪥ᮏ෼ⴠࡢ┿ᅉ㹼, 2010 [7] Larry Keeley, Helen Walters, Ryan Pikkel, Brian Quinn, Ten Types of Innovation: The Discipline of Building Breakthroughs, John Wiley & Sons, 2013

[8] Doblin ♫ HP㸦᭱⤊࢔ࢡࢭࢫ 2017/9/21㸧㸸https://www.doblin.com/

[9] ࣮࣊ࣥࣜ ࢳ࢙ࢫࣈࣟ࢘, ኱๓ ᜨ୍ᮁ㸦⩻ヂ㸧23(1,1129$7,21ʊࣁ࣮ࣂ࣮ࢻὶ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ ᡓ␎ࡢࡍ࡭࡚, Harvard business school press, 2004

[10] ᳃ᮏⱱ㞝, ᆤ⏣㧗ᶞ, Ᏻ⸨೺, Ḣᕞ㐃ྜ࡜ࢥࣥࢯ࣮ࢩ࢔࣒ Imec ࡢ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ᥎㐍⟇㹼 Imec ࠾ࡼࡧḢᕞࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㹼, ⏘Ꮫᐁ㐃ᦠࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣝ, 2010 ᖺ 9 ᭶ྕ, 2010 [11] Larry Huston, Nabil Sakkab, ‘Connect and Develop: Inside Procter & Gamble’s New Model for Innovation’ Harvard Business Review, 2006

[12] すᑿዲྖ, ⤱ᕝ┿ဢ, ‮ᕝᆙ ௻ᴗࡢ◊✲άືࡢ࣮࢜ࣉࣥ໬, ◊✲࣏࣮ࣞࢺ No.303 November, ᐩ ኈ㏻⥲◊㸦FRI㸧⤒῭◊✲ᡤ, 2007 [13] ᫍ㔝 㐩ஓ, ࣮࢜ࣉ࣭ࣥ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡢᩍ⛉᭩, ♫እࡢᢏ⾡࡛ࣅࢪࢿࢫࢆࡘࡃࡿᐇ㊶ࢫࢸࢵࣉ, 2015 [14] 㤿ሙ㟹᠇, ᚋ⸨᫭ ࠗ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࡢᐇド◊✲࠘ ᮾி኱Ꮫฟ∧఍, 2007 90.5% 14.3% 14.3% 42.9% 52.4% 9.5% 85.5% 17.7% 22.6% 40.3% 33.9% 11.3% 1.6% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% ⮬♫䛻䛺䛔᭱ඛ➃䛾ᶵჾ䛜 ά⏝䛷䛝䜛 ⮬♫䛾ᶵჾ䜔タഛ䜢タ⨨䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷 ᨵⰋ䛾Ⅽ䛾䝕䞊䝍䜢ྲྀᚓ䛷䛝䜛 ᪂䛯䛺ඹྠ◊✲䛾ᶵ఍䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䜛 䠄኱Ꮫ◊✲⪅䞉௚䛾฼⏝௻ᴗ䠅 ⌧ᅾ⾜䛳䛶䛔䜛኱Ꮫ➼䛸䛾 ඹྠ◊✲䛜ຍ㏿䛩䜛 ὴ㐵䛧䛯⮬♫◊✲⪅䛾 ▱㆑䞉ᢏ⾡䛜ྥୖ䛩䜛 ඃ⚽䛺Ꮫ⏕䞉䝫䝇䝗䜽䛾 䝸䜽䝹䞊䝖䛻⧅䛜䜛 ≉䛻䛺䛧 䛭䛾௚ 1,000୓෇௨ୖඹྠ◊✲ᐇ᪋䛒䜚 (n=21) 1,000୓෇௨ୖඹྠ◊✲ᐇ᪋䛺䛧 (n=62) ᅗ 9 ᅜෆ኱Ꮫ➼ࡢඹ⏝タഛࡢ฼⏝࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᮇᚅࡍࡿຠᯝ 㸦1,000 ୓෇௨ୖࡢඹྠ◊✲ᐇ᪋㸧

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[15] David C. Mowery and Arvids A. Ziedonis, Academic patent quality and quantity before and after the Bayh-Dole act in the United States, Research Policy, vol.31, issue3, pp.399-418, 2002

[16] ὥ⨾Ụࠕ⡿ᅜࣂ࢖࣭ࢻ࣮ࣝἲ 28 ᖺࡢຌ⨥ ᪂ࡓ࡞⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࣔࢹࣝࡢᶍ⣴ࡶࠖࠗ⏘Ꮫᐁ㐃ᦠࢪ࣮ࣕࢼ ࣝ࠘ 2009 ᖺ 1 ᭶ྕ, 2009 [17] Ọ⏣᫭ஓࠕ⛉Ꮫࢭࢡࢱ࣮࠿ࡽẸ㛫௻ᴗ࡬ࡢ▱㆑ࣇ࣮ࣟ࡟㛵ࡍࡿศᯒࠖࠗ⥂⃽Ꮵ◊✲࠘71(2), pp.237-248, 2005 [18] 㛗ᒸ㈆⏨, ⣽㔝ග❶, すᮧ῟୍, ㉥ụఙ୍ࠕ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠ࡟ࡼࡿ▱㆑๰ฟ࡜࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡢ◊✲ ʊ⏘ ᏛࡢඹྠⓎ᫂⪅࡬ࡢ኱つᶍㄪᰝ࠿ࡽࡢᇶ♏ⓗ▱ぢࠖࠗNISTEP ㄪᰝ㈨ᩱ࠘ No.221, ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡࣭Ꮫ⾡ᨻ⟇◊ ✲ᡤ, 2013 [19] 㛗㔝⿱Ꮚࠕᅜ❧኱Ꮫ➼࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࡢ┠ᶆタᐃ࡜࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺࡢ≧ἣࠖࠗNISTEP Discussion Paper࠘ No.69, ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡࣭Ꮫ⾡ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ, 2010 [20] ᅜ❧኱Ꮫἲேᒣ᲍኱Ꮫ ⏘Ꮫᐁ㐃ᦠ࣭◊✲᥎㐍ᶵᵓ ࣮ࠗ࢜ࣉࣥ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ኱Ꮫ▱㈈ᡓ ␎࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ◊✲ሗ࿌᭩࠘, 2010

[21] ᪂ᮧ࿴ஂ, Ọ⏣᫭ஓࠕ኱ᆺ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࡢ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ࡟ಀࡿㄪᰝ◊✲ࠖࠗNISTEP Discussion Paper࠘ No.127, ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡࣭Ꮫ⾡ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ, 2015

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