JAIST Repository: Method of digital-audio watermarking based on cochlear delay characteristics
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(65) . . 2 Cochlear delay (1/10) IIR all−pass filter. 1.8. Group delay (ms). 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0. 5. 10. 15. 20. Frequency (kHz). $ " ! " + B,3 7 $ " "
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(90) . w0. All - pass filter. for '0' , H 0 (z ). Original signal, x(n ). . Watermarked signal, y (n ) Bit inverse. w1. All - pass filter for '1' , H1 (z ). Embedded data, s(k) 010010101100110. =% ! ! % Watermarked signal, y (n ). FFT. Y (ω). +. arg. ΔΦ0< ΔΦ1. Detected data, sˆ (k). '0'. Φ(ω) Original signal, x(n ). FFT. X (ω). arg. −. ΔΦ0≥ ΔΦ1. Detected data, sˆ (k). '1'. =% ! ! % . $* /. & ) 37) % ) 37) ! !! $* 0. & ! / 37 ) B,3:7 GG&-. G 3GG&7 $* 1. & ! " 37 37 . . ) ! / 37 ! ! ! + 3 37 377) LM LM ) B, 3 7 37 $* 2. & N37 B,3
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(125) . Correct rate (%). 100 75 50 25. (a) Pulse train 0. Correct rate (%). 100 75 50 25. (b) Female vocal 0. Correct rate (%). 100 75 50 25. (c) Piano recital 0 −2 0.5. −1. −0.5. −0.1 0 0.1. 0.5. 1. 2. PEAQ. 0 −0.5 −1. LSD (dB). −1.5 2. (d) Pulse train Female vocals Piano recital. 1.5 1 0.5 0 −2. (e) −1.5. −1. −0.5. 0. 0.5. 1. 1.5. 2. Delay unit of IIR filter (cochlear delay). . 1 1 % ! " * 1 " 3. 7 37 ! ) 3 7 ) 37 ! C 1 37 " ! ! ," 3#BU7 37 1 ! 3<*7 . "
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(181) . 2.5. LSD (dB). 2 1.5 1 0.5 0. 4. 8. 16. 32. 64. 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 8192. Bit rate (bps). . 1 3 ! ; <*7 ! ! 3 !7 Bit−detection rate (%).
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(208) . . No processing Resampling at 20 kHz Resampling at 16 kHz Resampling at 8 kHz Bit extention of 24 bits Bit compression of 8 bits mp3 at 128 kbps mp3 at 96 kbps mp3 at 64−kbps mono 40. 50. 60. 70. 80. 90. 100. Bit−detection rate (%). . 1 3 7 ! ! & 3 ! ) ,2) ! 7 . H ! + 37 " !4 ! + + ! G 5 ) . . ! & ! ! 4T ! 3 7 ) ! 3 ! 55 %(2 %(2) ! ! 9 ) ! 9 % !7 . ! 9:T) 5T) :4T < " 1 :
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(216) . Echo characteristics "1" -> T1. "0" -> T0. Frequency (Hz). (b) Periodical phase modulation method Group delay (ms). Group delay (ms). (a) Echo hiding method. "1" -> Fm1 "0" -> Fm0. (c) Proposed method Group delay (ms). . Periodic. Cochlea-delay characteristics "1" -> b1. "0" -> b0. Frequency (Hz). Frequency (Hz). * %" "; 37 ) 3 7 ! ! ) 37 " . * ," ! " " 3# # 7) ! / " " ( ) " " " " . " ! ! & ) , % +" 3 , 3 77 ( ) ##8 !! ! " ! " ! ," 3
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(222) 1. Proposed LSB DSS ECHO PPM. (a). 0. PEAQ. . −1 −2 −3 −4. 4. 8. 16. 32. 64. 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 8192. 2. Proposed LSB DSS ECHO PPM. LSD (dB). (b) 1.5 1 0.5 0. Bit−detection rate (%). 4. 8. 16. 32. 64. 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 8192 Proposed LSB DSS ECHO PPM. 100 80 60. (c) 40. 4. 8. 16. 32. 64. 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 8192. Bit rate (bps). . ! ; 37 #BU) 3 7 <*) 37 + 3 ) <*=) **) B$(C) ##8 7 3 !7 1 3 7 + & 3 ! ) ,2) ! 7 . +0 5 !
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