⇕࣭Ẽᅇ㊰⥙ࣔࢹࣝࡼࡿ
ᘓ⠏⎔ቃᕤᏛศ㔝࡛ࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨ
ዟᒣ ༤ᗣ
㸨Research and development on the basis of the thermal and air flow network model for building environmental engineering field
Hiroyasu OKUYAMA
㸨㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ
୍⯡◊✲ࡢᚿྥࡣศᯒᆺ⤫ྜᆺࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞
࠸ࡔࢁ࠺㸬ศᯒᆺࡣ⌧㇟ࢆศ㢮ࡋᇶᮏせᅉ㑏ඖࡋ࡚
⌮ゎດࡵࡿࡀ㸪⤫ྜᆺࡣᵝࠎ␗࡞ࡗ࡚ぢ࠼ࡿ⌧㇟
ඹ㏻ࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡍࡿཎ⌮ࢆ㏣ồࡍࡿ㸬୧⪅ࡣ㌴ࡢ୧㍯ࡢዴ ࡃࡕࡽࡶྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᇶᮏせᅉࡢ῝࠸⌮ゎࡀ↓ࡅࢀ
ࡤせᅉ㛫ࢆ㈏ࡃ୍⯡ཎ⌮ࡣᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡋ㸪▱ぢࡀ୍⯡
ࡉࢀ⤫ྜࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤయ⣔ࡣ↹㞧࡞ࡾḟࡢⓎᒎࡣ 㞴ࡋࡃ࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣᘓ⠏⎔ቃᕤᏛࡢศ㔝࡛⤫ྜᆺࡢࣔ
ࢹࣝࡼࡿᒎ㛤ࢆヨࡳࡓࢆ⤂ࡋࡓ࠸㸬
ᘓ⠏ࡢ෭ᬮᡣẼ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㐺ษ࡛ᗣⓗ࡞ᘓ⠏⎔ቃ
ࢆ᭱ᑠࡢ⎔ቃ㈇Ⲵ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡛ᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪タഛࡔ ࡅ࡛࡞ࡃᘓ⠏⮬యࡢィ⏬ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᘓ⠏ᵓᡂ㒊ᮦࡢ
⇕ఏᑟ㸪⇕㸪⇕ᨺᑕ➼ࡢ⇕ⓗᛶ㉁ࢆᕦࡳάࡋ㸪ࡲ
ࡓ ᗘᕪẼࡸ㢼ᅽẼࢆάࡍ✵㛫ᵓᡂࢆィ⏬ࡍࡿࡇ
࡛㸪እẼ ‵ᗘኚື㸪⮬↛Ẽ㸪ኴ㝧⇕㸪Ⓨ෭༷ࡸ
ᆅ୰ᜏ ᛶ࡞ࡢ⮬↛࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆ⏝ࡍࡿࡢࡀ⎔ቃඹ
⏕ᘓ⠏ࡢᇶᮏ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᘓ⠏ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ
ࡣከᒙ࡛ከᩘᐊࡢᘓ≀యⓗ࡛ᚤጁ࡞ᅽຊࣂࣛࣥࢫࡼ
ࡿ✵Ẽὶື⇕⛣ືࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛㸪
ศ㔝࡛ࡢศᯒⓗఏ⇕ィ⟬ࣔࢹࣝࡣᑡࡋ␗࡞ࡾ㸪⥲ྜⓗ
࡛ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ⓗ࡞ࣔࢹࣝࡀᚲせ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛⤂
ࡍࡿࡢࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿ㸬
ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ⏝ࡢఏ⇕ィ⟬ࡣᵝࠎ࡞ศ㔝࠾࠸࡚⾜
ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪᭷㝈せ⣲ἲࡸ᭷㝈య✚ἲ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᭷㝈ᕪ ศἲࡀࡼࡃ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᛮࢃࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛⤂ࡍࡿ
ࣔࢹࣝࡢ୍ࡘࡣ⇕ᅇ㊰⥙ࡪࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢࣔࢹࣝࢆ⼥
ྜࡋ୍యⓗ࡞ࣔࢹࣝࡍࡿࡇ࡛ᐇ⏝ⓗ࡞ࣔࢹࣝࢆྍ
*ᩍᤵ ᘓ⠏Ꮫ⛉
Professor, Dept. of Architecture
⬟ࡍࡿ㦵⤌ࡳ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ㦵⤌ࡳࡣ⇕ὶᨭ㛵 ࡍࡿ㐃⤖ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ⠇Ⅼ᪉⛬ᘧྡࡅࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶
ࡾ㸪ࡢᵝ࡞✵㛫ⓗ㞳ᩓἲࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࡎ㸪ࡲࡓィ⟬ᑐ
㇟≀ࡢ✵㛫ḟඖࡸᙧែࡶࡼࡽࡎ㸪୍⯡ⓗᡂ❧ࡍࡿ≉
㛗ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽࡑࡢ୍యⓗ࡞ࣔࢹࣝࡣ㐃❧ᖖᚤศ᪉
⛬ᘧ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࢩࢫࢸ࣒⌮ㄽࡢ≧ែ✵㛫᪉⛬ᘧࡢᙧࡋ
࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ண ィ⟬ࢆ⾜࠺ࡓࡵࡢᏳᐃ࡛ཝᐦ࡞㛫✚
ศἲࢆᑟ࠸ࡓࡾ㸪ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ྠᐃࡸ᭱㐺ไᚚ⌮ㄽ➼ࢆᛂ⏝
ࡍࡿ㝿ࡢ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡶ࠶ࡿ㸬
ḟ⠇ࡢࠕ2.ᘓ⠏ఏ⇕ィ⟬ࡢ⫼ᬒ࡛ࠖࡣᮏࣔࢹࣝࢆᒎ㛤 ࡍࡿືᶵ࡞ࡗࡓᚑ᮶ࡢィ⟬ἲࡢၥ㢟Ⅼ➼ࢆ㏙㸪ࠕ3.
⇕ᅇ㊰⥙ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࠖࡣᮏࣔࢹࣝࡢⓎᒎࡢ⤒⦋ࢆ㏙ࡿ㸬
ࡲࡓ✵Ẽὶືࡢィ⟬ゝ࠼ࡤᩘ್ὶయゎᯒࡀⰋࡃ▱ࡽࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ᘓ⠏ศ㔝࡛ࡣ࣐ࢡࣟࢫࢥࣆࢵࢡ࡞ࡀࡽᕤᏛⓗ
࡛᭷⏝࡞ࠕ4.Ẽᅇ㊰⥙ࣔࢹࣝࠖࢆ⤂ࡍࡿ㸬ࡲࡓண ィ⟬ࡣ㏫࡛࠶ࡾ㏫᥈ၥ㢟ࡶࡤࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ྠ
ᐃ⌮ㄽࢆ㸪⇕ᅇ㊰⥙ࣔࢹࣝࡘ࠸࡚᭱ᑠἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚
₇⧢ࡋࡓࡢ࡛㸪ࡑࡢᒎ㛤⤒⦋ࢆࠕ5.⇕ᅇ㊰⥙ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒
ྠᐃ⌮ㄽ࡛ࠖ㏙ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣᵝࠎ࡞ ᐃἲࡢ☜ࡉホ ౯ࡢᨵⰋࡶᙺ❧ࡘࡢ࡛ࠕ6.ࡑࡢࡢ ᐃࢹ࣮ࢱศᯒᢏ
⾡ࠖࡋ࡚ࡶ㏙ࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪 ᗘࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ‵ᗘࡶྵࡵ
࡚ᣑᙇࡋࡓ⇕࣭‵Ẽᅇ㊰⥙ࣔࢹࣝࡘ࠸࡚᭱㐺ไᚚ⌮ㄽ
ࢆཧ⪃㸪ࣛࢢࣛࣥࢪ࢙ᩘἲࢆ㐺⏝ࡋ㸪᭱㐺ࡢ෭࣭
Ỉࡢຍ⇕࣭෭༷㔞㸪ࡇࡢࡢ ࣭‵ᗘࡢ≧ែࢆỴᐃࡍ
ࡿࠕ7.≧ែ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮౪⤥ࡢ᭱㐺⌮ㄽࠖࢆᒎ㛤ࡋࡓ
⤒⦋⌮ㄽࡢព⩏ࢆ㏙ࡿ㸬௨ୖࡢ⌮ㄽࡢ࠺ࡕண ィ⟬
ἲࡢ㛤Ⓨࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠕ8.ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ
NETSࠖࡋ࡚⤂ࡍࡿ㸬ࡲࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒ྠᐃ⌮ㄽࡢᐇ⏝
ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢẼ ᐃἲࡀࢩࢫࢸ࣒ྠᐃ࠸࠺
ほⅬࡀ↓ࡗࡓࡇ࡛ከࡃࡢၥ㢟ࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛㸪ࡇ
ࢀࡽࢆゎỴࡋࡓࠕ9.ከᩘᐊẼ ᐃࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࠖࢆᐇ
ඹ⤂ࡍࡿ㸬
㸰㸬ᘓ⠏ఏ⇕ィ⟬ࡢ⫼ᬒ
ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࢆ⏝ࡋࡓᘓ⠏ఏ⇕ィ⟬ࡢṔྐࢆᑡࡋ
ࡾ㏉ࢀࡤ㸪ᮏࣔࢹࣝᒎ㛤ࡢᚲせᛶࡀ⌮ゎࡉࢀࡿࡶࡋࢀ
࡞࠸㸬ࡑࢀࡣ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᾘ㈝㔞ࡢண ࢆ┠ⓗࡋࡓᖺ 㛫ࡢ෭ᬮᡣ㈇Ⲵィ⟬ࡢᚲせᛶࡽጞࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬⇕㈇Ⲵ
ࡣẼ㇟᮲௳➼ࡢኚືᢠࡋ୍࡚ᐃࡢᐊෆ ‵ᗘࢆ⥔ᣢ ࡍࡿࡓࡵᚲせ࡞ᐊ✵Ẽࡢຍ⇕࣭෭༷㔞ࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪 እቨ➼ࢆ㈏ὶࡍࡿ⇕ὶࡀせᅉ࡞ࡿ㸬ᚑࡗ࡚ቨయἲ⥺
᪉ྥࡢ1ḟඖ㠀ᐃᖖఏ⇕ィ⟬ࡀึᮇࡢ◊✲ㄢ㢟ࡉࢀࡓ㸬 ఱ✀㢮ࡢᮦᩱᒙࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿከᒙቨయࡢ㠀ᐃᖖఏ⇕
ࡣᐇࡣゎᯒⓗ࡞ゎࡀᅔ㞴࡛㸪ఱࡽࡢᩘ್ⓗ࡞ゎἲ࡞
ࡽࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡋࡋ⌧ᅾ࡞ࡽࡤቨయࡢ㠀ᐃᖖఏ
⇕ࣔࢹࣝࡋ࡚ᕪศἲࡸ᭷㝈せ⣲ἲࡢ㞳ᩓࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝
࠸ࡑ࠺࡞ࡇࢁ㸪⣔ิࡢ⇕ὶᛂ⟅ಀᩘἲ࠸࠺ィ⟬ἲ ࡀ⡿ᅜᬮᡣ෭✵ẼㄪᕤᏛ㸦ASHRAE㸧ࡼࡗ࡚
1970ᖺ㡭ᥦࡉࢀ㸪᪥ᮏࡶࡇࢀ࡞ࡽ࠸᪁⏺ࡢᶆ‽ⓗ
ィ⟬ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡋ࡚᥇⏝ࡉࢀ㸪᪥⮳ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇ ࡢィ⟬ἲࡣቨయࡢእẼഃࡢ⾲㠃 ᗘࡀ୕ゅᙧࣃࣝࢫ≧
ບ㉳ࡉࢀࡓሙྜ㸪ᐊෆഃࡢ⇕ὶࡢ⣔ิᛂ⟅ಀᩘࢆ
ணࡵィ⟬ࡋ࡚࠾ࡁ㸪ࡇࢀࢆ⏝࠸࡚௵ពࡢእẼ ᗘኚື
ᑐࡍࡿ⇕ὶࢆ⟬ฟࡍࡿ㸬ቨయࡢ⾲㠃 ᗘ⇕ὶࢆ4➃Ꮚ 㟁ᴟ┦ఝࡉࡏࡓPipes[1]ࡢ⌮ㄽࢆᇶࡋ࡚㸪Mitalas
Stephensonࡽࡀ㛫ⓗ㞳ᩓⓗ࡛ィ⟬ྍ⬟࡞᪉ἲ[2]ࢆస
ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࣔࢹࣝࡀᑟධࡉࢀࡓ⫼ᬒࡣ㸪ࡕࡻ࠺
ไᚚ⌮ㄽ࠾ࡅࡿྂⓗ࡞ఏ㐩㛵ᩘἲࡀ࠶ࡗࡓᛮࢃࢀ
ࡿ㸬ࡋࡋບᛂ⟅࡛⌧㇟ࢆࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢺ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵ
ࡣ㸪ᑐ㇟⣔ࡀ⥺ᙧᛶ㛫ⓗኚᛶࢆᣢࡘ࠸࠺๓ᥦ ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬❆ࡸ㞵ᡞࡢ㛤ࡅ㛢ࡵ࡞ఏ⇕ᵓ㐀ࡢኚ
ࡀ↓࠸ົᡤᘓ⠏࡛࠶ࢀࡤࡇࢀࡽࡢ๓ᥦࡣᡂࡾ❧ࡘࡀ㸪 ࡑ࠺࡛࡞࠸ఫᏯࡢሙྜ➼ࡣࡁ࡞ไ⣙࡞ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ⇕
ὶࡔࡅ࡛ྛ㒊ࡢ ᗘࢆゎ࡞࠸ࡇࡼࡿィ⟬ᶵ⬟ୖࡢ
༑ศࡉࡶ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓၥ㢟ࡶ࠶ࡗ࡚㸪ᕪศἲࡸ᭷㝈 య✚ἲࡢࣔࢹࣝࡶᗄேࡢ◊✲⪅ࡼࡗ࡚ഐὶⓗ㛤Ⓨ
ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡀ㸪⌧௦ไᚚ⌮ㄽศ㢮ࡉࢀࡿ≧ែ✵㛫ἲ
ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㡿ᇦᆺࡢࣔࢹࣝࢆ㛵㐃ࡅࡓᒎ㛤ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ㐍 ᒎࡋ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡲࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒⌮ㄽᇶ࡙ࡃಠ▔ⓗ࡞ࣔࢹ
ࣝࡼࢀࡤ㸪ண ィ⟬ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ྠᐃ㸪᭱
㐺ไᚚ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᭱㐺タィ࠸ࡗࡓၥ㢟ࡶ⤫୍ⓗㄆ㆑ࡉ
ࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮࢃࢀࡿ㸬
㸱㸬⇕ᅇ㊰⥙ࣔࢹࣝ
ᮏㄽ࡛せ࡞ࡿ➹⪅ࡢ⇕ᅇ㊰⥙ࣔࢹࣝࡢᒎ㛤ࡢ⤒⦋ࢆ
㏙ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢゝⴥ⮬యࡣⱥㄒ࡛ࡣThermal Network Model
ࡋ࡚ᅜෆእ࡛ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࡢពࡍࡿࡇࢁࡣᮍ ࡔேࡼࡗ࡚ᵝࠎ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡀ༑ศⓎ㐩ࡋ࡚
࠸࡞ࡗࡓ௦㸪ᵝࠎ࡞≀⌮⌧㇟ࢆ㟁Ẽᅇ㊰ࢼࣟ
ࢪࡋᐇ㦂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㡭ࡽ⇕ᅇ㊰⥙࠸࠺ゝⴥࡀጞࡲࡗ ࡓᵝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋࡋᩘ್ィ⟬ᶵࡀⓎ㐩ࡋ࡚ࡃࡿ㸪⇕ᅇ
㊰⥙ࡢᐃᘧἲࡣ◊✲⪅ࡼࡗ࡚ࡲࡕࡲࡕ࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡗ
࡚࠸ࡗࡓ㸬࠼ࡤClarke J.A.[3]ࡸEdward F.Sowell[4]ࡼ
ࡿࡶࡢࡶ࠶ࡿ㸬➹⪅ࡢᐃᘧἲࡣィ⟬ᑐ㇟≀ࡢᙧ≧ࡸ✵
㛫ḟඖࡼࡽࡎỗ⏝ⓗᡂ❧ࡍࡿ≉ᚩࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬➹⪅ࡢ⇕
ᅇ㊰⥙ࣔࢹࣝࡢ⪃ࡣᏛ㝔ࡢ௦ኴ㝧⇕㞟⇕ჾࡢィ
⟬ࡽጞࡲࡾ㸪ಟኈㄽᩥྥࡅ࡚ 1974ᖺ㡭ጞࡲࡗࡓ㸬 ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓఏ⇕⣔࡛ࡣ㸪ఏᑟ㸪⾲㠃ఏ㐩㸪ᑐὶࡸᨺᑕ࡞
ᵝࠎ࡞ఏ⇕ᙧែࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽ࡚ࢆྠࡌࣃ࣓࣮ࣛ
ࢱࡢ⇕ࢥࣥࢲࢡࢱࣥࢫci,j࡛⾲⌧ࡋࡓWisconsinᏛࡢኴ 㝧࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮◊✲ᡤࡼࡿࣔࢹࣝ[5]ࡀ㸪ỗ⏝ⓗ࡞⇕ὶ
ᨭࡢ⠇Ⅼ᪉⛬ᘧࢆᕤኵࡍࡿୖ࡛ཧ⪃࡞ࡗࡓࡀ㸪యࡢ 㐃❧ᖖᚤศ᪉⛬ᘧࡢᐃᘧἲゎἲ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣᨵⰋࡀᚲ せࡔࡗࡓ㸬ᮏ⇕ᅇ㊰⥙ࡢᇶᮏ᪉⛬ᘧࡣ⾲㸯ࡢ(1)ᘧ♧ࡍ
ࡼ࠺㸪⠇Ⅼ࡛ࡢ⇕ὶᨭࢆグ㏙ࡋࡓᖖᚤศ᪉⛬ᘧ࡛࠶
ࡿࡀ㸪ỗ⏝ⓗᡂ❧ࡍࡿ⌮⏤ࡣ㸪๓㏙ࡢᵝࠎ࡞ఏ⇕ᙧែ
ࢆ୍✀㢮ࡢ୍⯡⇕ࢥࣥࢲࢡࢱࣥࢫci,j࡛⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ
㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ⠇Ⅼࡣࡢ࡚ࡢ⠇Ⅼ⤖ࡧࡘ࠸࡚࠸
ࡿグ㏙ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢᐃᘧἲࡣࢥࣥ
ࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ୍⯡ⓗ≉ᛶࡶ࣐ࢵࢳࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪࠶ࡿࡘࡢ⠇Ⅼijࡢ㛫ࡀᐇ㝿ࡘ࡞ࡀ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢁࡔࡅ㠀㞽ࡢci,jࢆ㓄ิ᱁⣡ࡍࢀࡤ㸪ఱࡶ
௦ධࡉࢀ࡞࠸㓄ิせ⣲ࡢci,jࡣ⮬ືⓗ㞽ࡔࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ࡇࡢព࡛ࡇࡢᇶᮏ᪉⛬ᘧࢆ㐃⤖ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ⠇Ⅼ᪉
⛬ᘧࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ㸬
≧ែ್䛸ධຊ䝧䜽䝖䝹䛾┠ᶆ䛸䛾 ೫ᕪ䛾ḟᙧᘧ
o o (2) M x C x C x R g
⇕ὶ➼䛾ᨭᘧ 䠄㐃⤖䡸䡹䡿䢍 䛾⠇Ⅼ᪉⛬ᘧ䠅
⇕ᅇ㊰⥙䛾
≧ែ᪉⛬ᘧ ᑕᙳศゎ䛻䜘䜛 ゎᯒⓗ㛫✚ศ
䝅䝇䝔䝮䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍
ྠᐃ䛾䛯䜑䛾ホ౯ 㛵ᩘ
ᅇᖐ᪉⛬ᘧㄗᕪ䛾ḟᙧᘧ䛾㛫✚ศ
(䝅䝇䝔䝮䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䛸䛿䠈mi,j䠈ci,j䠈ri,j 䛾୕✀䛾ಀᩘ䜢ព䛩䜛) 䜢᭱ᑠ䛻䛩䜛䝅䝇䝔䝮䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䜢ồ䜑䜛 䠄NETS䛻ྵ䜎䜜䜛䠅
䠄SPID䠅
0 0
( ) ( ) *
0
1 1
( ) n i it t ( ) tt n i it ( ) (3)
i i
t
¦
eD t³ ¦
eD W W Wdx P x P f
0T t (4)
Ji
³
e W e dt᭱㐺ไᚚ䛾䛯䜑䛾
᭱㐺䛾ホ౯㛵ᩘ
䜢᭱ᑠ䛻䛩䜛≧ែ䛸ไᚚධຊ䛾䝧䜽䝖䝹䜢Ỵᐃ䛩䜛 䠄SOCS䠅 Jc t(x r W ) x (x r) t(uc d W u) c( cd)(5)
, ,
1 1 1
(1)
ng
n n no
i, j j i j j i i j j
j j j
m x c x x r g
¦
¦ ¦
⾲㸯 ᇶᮏ᪉⛬ᘧグྕ⾲
:
n ᮍ▱ᩘᢅ࠸⥲⠇Ⅼᩘ
:
no ᪤▱ᩘᢅ࠸⥲⠇Ⅼᩘ
:
ng ⮬⏤ධຊⓎ⏕※⥲ᩘ
:
xi i␒⠇Ⅼࡢ≧ែ㔞( ᗘ➼)
:
,j
mi i␒⠇Ⅼ㛵ࡍࡿᐜ㔞(⇕ᐜ㔞➼)
:
,j
ci j␒ࡽi␒⠇Ⅼࡢࢥࣥࢲࢡࢱࣥࢫ
:
,j
ri ⮬⏤ධຊⓎ⏕※jࡽ⠇Ⅼiࡢධຊಀᩘ
i:
g ⮬⏤ධຊⓎ⏕※i࡛ࡢⓎ⏕㔞
: ) , , (1, 2 n
tx xx
x ≧ែ࣋ࢡࢺࣝ
: ) , , (n1 n no
o t xx
x ᪤▱≧ែධຊ࣋ࢡࢺࣝ
: ) , , ,
( 1 2 ng
t g g g
g ⮬⏤ධຊ࣋ࢡࢺࣝ
:
M mi,jࡼࡿᐜ㔞࣐ࢺࣜࢵࢡࢫ
>
C,Co@
:ci,jࡼࡿࢥࣥࢲࢡࢱࣥࢫ࣐ࢺࣜࢵࢡࢫ:
R
ri,jࡼࡿ⮬⏤ධຊ࣐ࢺࣜࢵࢡࢫ :f* M1(CoxoRg) ࡞ࡿ㥑ື࣋ࢡࢺࣝ㸪ヲࡋࡃࡣ[28]
:
r ≧ែไᚚࡢ┠ᶆ್㸪ヲࡋࡃࡣ[26]
:
Wx ≧ែࡢ┠ᶆ್ࡽࡢ೫ᕪࡢḟᙧᘧࡢ㔜ࡳ࣐ࢺࣜࢵࢡࢫ :
uc ไᚚ࣋ࢡࢺࣝ
:
d ᧯స㔞ࡢつ‽ࡍࡿཧ↷್(0ࡸእẼ ᗘ)
:
Wc᧯స㔞ࡢḟᙧᘧࡢ㔜ࡳ࣐ࢺࣜࢵࢡࢫ
:
W ୍⯡᭱ᑠἲࡢ㔜ࡳ࣐ࢺࣜࢵࢡࢫ
: T ᐃᮇ㛫
ᅛ᭷್Įi㛵ࡍࡿᑕᙳᏊ
: Pi
:
Di M1Cࡢᅛ᭷್
:
e e yZa:࡛⾲ࡉࢀࡿᅇᖐᘧㄗᕪ㸪ヲࡋࡃࡣ[18]
グྕ⾲
ᙜึࡣࡇࡢ㐃❧ᖖᚤศ᪉⛬ᘧࢆ㛫㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣᚋ㏥ᕪศ
࡛ゎ࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡀ㸪ࡇࡢ㏆ఝⓗ㛫✚ศࡀ↓᮲௳Ᏻᐃ࡛ᐇ
⏝ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ⌮⏤ࡣ㸪᥎⛣࣐ࢺࣜࢵࢡࢫࡢᅛ᭷್ࡀ0ࡽ
1ࡢ㛫࠶ࡿࡇࡼࡾㄝ᫂ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀᚋ࡞ࡗ࡚ศ
ࡗࡓ㸬୍᪉㸪ᘓ⠏タഛࡢศ㔝࡛ࡶ⌧௦ไᚚ⌮ㄽࡢᛂ⏝
ࡀ᳨ウࡉࢀጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡓ1977ᖺᙜJulius T.Touࡀⴭࡋ ࡓ≧ែ✵㛫ἲࡢゎㄝ᭩[6]ࡀཧ⪃࡞ࡾ㸪≧ែ✵㛫᪉⛬ᘧ ࡢᙧ๎ࡿࡼ࠺ᐃᘧࢆᨵⰋࡋࡓࡇࡽ⌮ㄽⓗ࡞ᒎ 㛤ࢆጞࡵࡓ㸬ᩘᏛ⪅ࡢΎỈ㐩㞝ࡸᙜྠࡢΎᕝဴᚿࡢ
ຓゝࡶ࠶ࡗ࡚㸪㛫✚ศࡢᏳᐃᛶ᮲௳➼ࡢ⪃ᐹࡔࡅ࡛࡞
ࡃ㸪⾲㸯ࡢ(3)ᘧ♧ࡍࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᅛ᭷✵㛫ᑐࡍࡿᑕᙳ ศゎࡼࡿཝᐦ࡞㛫✚ศࡢᑟฟࡶ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬ࡓࡔࡋᅛ᭷
್ゎᯒࢆ㎿㏿Ᏻᐃ⾜࠺᪉ἲࡢ◊✲ㄢ㢟ࢆṧࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ࡲࡓ᭷㝈せ⣲ἲ➼ࡢᩘᏛⓗ✵㛫㞳ᩓἲࡢ㛵㐃ࢆゎ
᫂ࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓึᮇࡢ⇕ᅇ㊰⥙ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣ㸪ᕤᏛⓗุ
᩿ࡼࡾ⇕ὶᨭࢆ௬ᐃࡍࡿ㒊ศศࡍࡿ᭷㝈య✚ἲ
ࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ࡋࡋ1984ᖺ㡭࡞ࡗ࡚᭷㝈せ⣲ἲ࠾
ࡅࡿయ᪉⛬ᘧࢆ㸪 ᗘቃ⏺⇕ὶቃ⏺ࡢᐃᘧࡢᨵⰋ
ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡛㸪≧ែ✵㛫᪉⛬ᘧᑐᛂࡉࡏࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ ࡓ[9]㸬ᅗ㸯ᅗ㸰ࡢᵝ୧⪅ࡢࣔࢹࣝࡣ㸪≧ែ✵㛫᪉⛬
ᘧ࠸࠺ࣉࣛࢵࢺ࣮࣒࡛࣍㸪࣐ࢺࣜࢵࢡࢫせ⣲グἲ୍
⮴ࡋࡓ୍⯡⇕ᐜ㔞mi,j㸪୍⯡⇕ࢥࣥࢲࢡࢱࣥࢫci,jࡑ ࡋ࡚⮬⏤ධຊಀᩘ ri,jࢆࡋ࡚ᛶ⼥ྜᛶࢆᣢࡘࡼ
࠺ࡋࡓ㸬
ఏ⇕䞉ᣑᩓ䞉⛣ື⌧㇟
᳨ᰝయ✚ἲ䝰䝕䝹 䠄᭷㝈య✚ἲ䠅
᭷㝈せ⣲ἲ䝰䝕䝹 ✵㛫ⓗᕪศἲ䝰䝕䝹
⇕ᅇ㊰⥙䛾ᯟ⤌䜏
㸲㸬Ẽᅇ㊰⥙ࣔࢹࣝ
Ẽᅇ㊰⥙࠸࠺ゝⴥ⮬యࡶᩘ್ィ⟬ᶵⓎ㐩௨๓ࡢྂ
ࡃࡽ࠶ࡾ㸪㝽㛫ࡸ㛤ཱྀ➼ࡢὶ㊰ࡢ㏻Ẽᢠ┦ఝࡋࡓ 㟁Ẽᢠ⣲Ꮚࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᅇ㊰⥙ࡼࡾ㸪ᐇ㦂ⓗゎࢆồࡵ
࡚࠸ࡓ௦ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪➹⪅ࡢࡶࡢࡢᒎ㛤ࡢ⤒
⦋ࢆ㏙ࡿ㸬Ẽᅇ㊰⥙ࡶ⇕ᅇ㊰⥙ྠᵝࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗ
ࢱ⏝ኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡽࡣᵝࠎ࡞ᐃᘧἲࡸゎἲࡀᑟࢀ
ࡓ㸬ࡓࡔࡋ⇕ὶࡣ ᗘᕪẚࡍࡿࡢᑐࡋ㸪㢼㔞ࡣᅽ ຊᕪࡢ0.5ẚࡍࡿሙྜࡀከ࠸Ⅼࡀ⇕ᅇ㊰⥙␗࡞
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ྛᐊ࡛ࡣ㢼㔞ᨭࡢᘧࡀᡂ❧ࡍࡿ㸬ᚑࡗ࡚ὶ
㊰ࡢ⥲ᩘࡔࡅࡢ㢼㔞ᐊᩘศࡢᅽຊ㸦ᗋ㠃࡛ࡢ㟼ᅽ㸧ࡀ 㠀⥺ᆺ㐃❧᪉⛬ᘧࡢゎࡃࡁᮍ▱ᩘ࡞ࡿ㸬ࡋࡋ㠀⥺
ᙧ㐃❧᪉⛬ᘧࢆゎࡃሙྜ᭷ຠ࡞ࢽ࣮ࣗࢺࣥࣛࣉࢯࣥἲ
ࢆ㸪ᅽຊಟṇࡢ᮰ィ⟬᪉ἲࡋ࡚㐺⏝ࡍࡿᚲࡎࡋࡶ
ṇゎ฿㐩ࡋ࡞࠸ၥ㢟ࡀศࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ゎἲ ࡀᕤኵࡉࢀࡓ⤒⦋[7]ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬➹⪅ࡢ᪉ἲࡣ㸪ࡑࡢືࡢ
࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢ⪃ᐹࡼࡾ㸪ᮏ᮶ࡢࢽ࣮ࣗࢺࣥࣛࣉࢯࣥἲ
ࡼࡿಟṇ㔞ࢆ༙ศࡋ࡚ࡍಟṇࢽ࣮ࣗࢺࣥࣛࣉࢯࣥ
ἲࡪ᪉ἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ὶࢀࡢィ⟬᪉ἲࡣ㸪࣑ࢡ
ࣟࢫࢥࣆࢵࢡ࡞ᩘ್ὶయゎᯒ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓẼᅇ㊰⥙ࡢ
ࡼ࠺࡞࣐ࢡࣟࢫࢥࣆࢵࢡ࡞᪉ἲࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬Ẽᅇ㊰⥙ࡣ㸪 ከᒙከᩘᐊⓗ࡞ᘓ≀యࡢ✵Ẽὶືࢆィ⟬ࡍࡿࡢ㐺ࡋ
ᅗ㸯 ␗✀㞳ᩓࣔࢹࣝࡢ⼥ྜ
グྕ⾲
ᅗ㸰 ⇕ᅇ㊰⥙ࡢࣉࣛࢵࢺ࣮࣒࣍
࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ᅽຊᦆኻಀᩘࡢྲྀࡾ᪉➼ၥ㢟ࢆṧࡋ㸪୍᪉
ᩘ್ὶయゎᯒࡣ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᕤᏛⓗ࡛ᐇ㦂ⓗಀᩘࢆ࠶ࡲࡾ
ᚲせࡋ࡞࠸㠃㸪ᘓ≀యⓗ㐺⏝ࡣၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ᚑ ࡗ࡚ᑗ᮶ⓗࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢ࣐ࢡ࣑ࣟࢡࣟࡢࣔࢹࣝࢆ⼥ྜ
ࡋࡓࣔࢹࣝࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ⼥ྜࣔࢹࣝࡋ
࡚ࡣ㸪ᅽ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㟼ᅽࢆ⠇Ⅼࡢ≧ែ್ࡋ࡚ᣢࡘᅽຊ
⠇Ⅼ⣔ࢆಟṇࢽ࣮ࣗࢺࣥࣛࣉࢯࣥἲࡼࡗ࡚ᙉࡃ㐃ᡂࡋ
࡚ゎࡃࣔࢹࣝࡀ㸪ィ⟬Ᏻᐃᛶᐇ⏝ᛶࡽⰋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞
࠸⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
㸳㸬⇕ᅇ㊰⥙ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ྠᐃ⌮ㄽ
➹⪅ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ྠᐃ⌮ㄽࡢᒎ㛤ࡣ㸪D.V.Pryor
C.Byron Winnࡼࡿᘓ⠏ⓗኴ㝧⇕⏝ఫᏯ㸦ࣃࢵࢩࣈࢯ
࣮࣮ࣛࣁ࢘ࢫ㸧ࡢ⌧ሙ ᐃࡼࡿ⇕ⓗᛶ⬟ホ౯᪉ἲࡢヨ
ࡳ[8]ࡀཧ⪃࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ࡣSequential filter estimation
ࡤࢀࡿ᪉ἲࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ㸪᭱ᑠἲࡢᮏ㉁
ࢆ⪃ࡍࡿཧ⪃࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࡋ࡚⇕ᅇ㊰⥙ࡢ≧ែ✵㛫᪉
⛬ᘧࣔࢹࣝࢆ㸪ࡑࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒࣭ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡢ୍⯡⇕ᐜ 㔞mi,j୍⯡⇕ࢥࣥࢲࢡࢱࣥࢫci,jࡑࡋ࡚⮬⏤ධຊಀᩘri,j
㛵ࡍࡿᅇᖐᘧኚᙧࡋ࡚㸪᭱ᑠἲࢆ⮬ศ࡞ࡾ₇
⧢ࡋ┤ࡋ㸪⾲㸯ࡢ(4)ᘧ♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡞ᅇᖐᘧㄗᕪࡢホ౯㛵
ᩘࡽ㸪㏲ḟྠᐃࡪ᪉ἲ୍ᣓྠᐃࡪࡘࡢ᪉ ἲࢆᑟ࠸ࡓ㸬๓⪅ࡣ๓㏙ࡢSequential filter estimation ┦
ᙜࡋ㸪ᚋ⪅ࡣ᥎ᐃࡍࡁࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ⥲ᩘศࡢࢧࢬࡢᡤ ㅝṇつ᪉⛬ᘧࡢ㐃❧᪉⛬ᘧࢆゎࡃ᪉ἲ┦ᙜࡍࡿ㸬୍ᣓ
ྠᐃ࡛ࡣ㸪࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢᮇ㛫㛗ࡉࡢ㞳ᩓ㛫ⓗ ᐃࢹ࣮ࢱ
య㛵ࡋ୍࡚ᗘࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࢆ᥎ᐃࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࢀᑐࡋ
࡚㏲ḟྠᐃ࡛ࡣ㞳ᩓ㛫ⓗ ᐃࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ1ࢫࢸࢵࣉẖ
᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆᚓ࡚࠸ࡃᘧࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ㸬୧⪅ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ྠ
ᐃἲࡢࡁ࡞㐪࠸ࡣ㸪㏫⾜ิィ⟬ࡢࢧࢬึᮇ್ࡢᚲ せᛶࡢ᭷↓࡛࠶ࡿ㸬㏲ḟྠᐃࡢሙྜࡣ≧ែ✵㛫᪉⛬ᘧ ࡢࢧࢬࡢ㏫⾜ิィ⟬࡛ࡍࡴ㸬ᚑࡗ࡚௬㸯ḟ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ
㏫⾜ิィ⟬ࡣ༢࡞ࡿ㏫ᩘࡢィ⟬ᖐ╔ࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ Matrix inversion lemma㸦㏫⾜ิ⿵ຓᐃ⌮㸧ࢆ㐺⏝ࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ィ⟬ࡣ㍍࠸ࡶࡢ࡞ࡿ㠃㸪ᘧࡢึ
ᮇ್ࡢ௬ᐃࢆᚲせࡍࡿࡢ࡛⢭ᗘࡀᝏ࠸ୖ㸪 ᐃ್㞧 㡢ࡢᝏᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡸࡍࡃ㸪ᐇ⏝ࡣ㞴ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡣ➹⪅
ࡢᗄࡘࡢᩘ್ᐇ㦂[9]࠾࠸࡚☜ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
ᘧࡢᩘᘧⓗᑟฟ㐣⛬ࡣ୍ぢ␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪࠾ࡑࡽࡃ࢝ࣝ
࣐ࣥࣇࣝࢱ࣮ࡶᮏ㉁ⓗᮏ㏲ḟྠᐃྠࡌᛮࢃࢀࡿ
ࡀ㸪ヲࡋ࠸ẚ㍑᳨ウࡣࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬ࡇࡢⅬ࡛ࡣ㸪୍ᣓྠ
ᐃࢆ⾜࠺ ᐃᮇ㛫ࢆ⛣ືᖹᆒⓗ࡞ព࡛㸯ࢫࢸࢵࣉࡎࡘ ࡎࡽࡋ࡚⾜ࡃ᪉ἲࡢ᪉ࡀඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᛮࢃࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ⇕
ᅇ㊰⥙ࣔࢹࣝࡣ㸪୍⯡ⓗ࡞ᣑᩓ⣔ࡢ㞳ᩓࣔࢹࣝ࡞ࡢ࡛
ᗘࡢᣑᩓ⣔ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ࢞ࢫࡢὶື⣔ࡶ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᘓ
≀ࡢẼᛶ⬟ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿሙྜ㸪ྛᐊ࡛ࡣ✵Ẽởᰁ≀㉁
➼ࡀ༑ศΰྜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ Multi-chamber ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝᢅ࠺㸬 Frank W. SindenࡼࡿMulti-chamber theory[10]ࡣ㸪ࢩࢫࢸ
࣒ྠᐃࡢほⅬࡲ࡛㐩ࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ࢺ࣮ࣞࢧ࢞ࢫࢆ
⏝࠸ࡿẼ ᐃἲࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛㸪ᣑᩓ⣔ࡢᅛ᭷್ࡢ
⪃ᐹࡶྵࡳ㸪♧၀ᐩࡴࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ᮏࢩࢫࢸ࣒ྠᐃ
⌮ㄽࡢ᭱ึࡢᐇ㐺⏝ࡣከᩘᐊẼ ᐃࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬 ࡇࢀࡣ1979ᖺ⡿ᅜࡢࢫ࣮࣐ࣜࣝᓥཎⓎࡢᨾࡀዎᶵ
࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡉࡽẼ࠾ࡼࡧ㝽㛫㢼ࡢᢕᥱࡣ㸪┬࢚ࢿ
ࢩࢵࢡࣁ࢘ࢫࡸ⤖㟢ၥ㢟➼ࡢほⅬ࡛ࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬➹⪅
ࡣ1987ᖺࡽ1988ᖺࡅ࡚ࢫ࢙࣮࢘ࢹࣥ⋤❧ᕤ⛉
ᏛࡢTor-Göran Malmström ᩍᤵࡽᣍࢀ࡚㸪ᙜࡢᅜ
❧ᘓ⠏◊✲ᡤࡢMats SandbergᩍᤵࡢẼᐇ㦂タ[11]࡛
ࡑࡢከᩘᐊẼ ᐃࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ᳨ドᐇ㦂[12]ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬 ࡑࡋ࡚ྠᅜᅾ୰ゼၥࡋࡓࣝࣥࢻᏛࡢLars Jensenᩍ
ᤵࡽ㸪ᬑ㏻ࡢ᭱ᑠἲ࡛ࡣ ᐃㄗᕪ➼ࡀࡁ࡞ሙྜ
㸪ྜ⌮࡞㈇ࡢ㢼㔞➼ࡀྠᐃࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠸
࠺ᣦࢆཷࡅࡓ㸬ᙼࡣ⥺ᙧィ⏬ࡼࡿ᪉ἲ[13]ࢆ◊✲ࡋ
࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ࡑࡢᣦࡼࡾ㸪㠀㈇᭱ᑠἲ[14]ࢆ㏣ຍⓗ
ᑟධࡍࡿࡇࡋ㸪ྠᐃ⢭ᗘࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ ࡓ㸬ࡉࡽ1989ᖺࡣ➨ୡ௦ࡢࢥࣥࣃࢡࢺ࡞ ᐃࢩࢫ ࢸ࣒ᨵⰋ[15]ࡋ㸪ᘓ⠏◊✲ᡤࡢ⃝ᆅᏕ⏨༤ኈࡼࡿࢩ
ࣜࣥࢲ࣮ࣁ࢘ࢫࡤࢀࡿ㝽㛫㢼ࢆṇ☜ᢕᥱ࡛ࡁࡿ≉
Ṧ࡞ᐇ㦂タഛ[16]᳨࡛ドᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬࡞࠾⇕ᅇ㊰⥙ࣔ
ࢹࣝࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ྠᐃィ⟬ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣ SPID(System Parameter IDentification)ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ㸬2001ᖺ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡼ
࠺ࡸࡃࡇࡢkernelᑐࡍࡿධฟຊฎ⌮ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ㛤Ⓨ
ࡍࡿᶵࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓ㸬
ࡇࡢ⇕ᅇ㊰⥙ࣔࢹࣝࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ྠᐃ⌮ㄽࢆ㸪ከᩘᐊ
Ẽ ᐃ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ᮏ᮶ࡢᘓ⠏ఏ⇕⣔࡛ ᐃἲࡋ࡚࠼
ࡿᵝࡍࡿࡣ㸪ᐇࡣࡁ࡞ၥ㢟ࡀᗄࡘṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬 ከᩘᐊẼ ᐃࡢࢺ࣮ࣞࢧ࢞ࢫᣑᩓ⣔࡛ࡣྛᐊࡢᑠࡉ࡞
ࣇ࡛ࣥ࢞ࢫࢆᨩᢾࡍࡿࡢ࡛㸪ࣔࢹࣝࡢྛᐊ࢞ࢫ⃰ᗘࡢ
⠇Ⅼࡣ1ಶ࡛㛫ྜ࠺㸬ࡋࡋᘓ⠏ఏ⇕⣔࡛ࡣ㸪ᐊ✵Ẽ
ࡼࡾࡶቨయ➼ࡢ㌣యࡢ⇕ᐜ㔞ࡀࡁ࠸ࡢ࡛㸪㏻ᖖࡢᐊ ኚண ィ⟬ࡢࣔࢹࣝࡣ㸪㞳ᩓࡋࡓ㌣యࢆཷࡅᣢࡘ
⠇Ⅼࡶᚲせ࡞ࡿ㸬ࡋࡋࡇࡢẚ㍑ⓗከࡃࡢ⠇Ⅼࢆᣢ ࡘ⣽࠸ண ィ⟬ࣔࢹࣝࡣࢩࢫࢸ࣒ྠᐃࡣ㐺ࡋ࡚࠸࡞
࠸㸬࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㌣య୰ࡢ⠇Ⅼᑐᛂࡍࡿ㒊ศࢆ㸪⌮ⓗ࡞
ࣔࢹࣝྠࡌ≧ἣ࡛ຍ⇕ࡋ࡚ ᗘࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡇࡣᅔ㞴 ࡔࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
ࡑࡇ࡛2004ᖺ㡭⪃࠼ࡓࡢࡣ㸪ຍ⇕ࡢບ ᐃࡀᅔ 㞴࡞㌣య୰ࡢ⠇Ⅼࡢኚᩘࡣ㸪ບ ᐃࡀྍ⬟࡞ᐊ✵Ẽ ࡢ⠇Ⅼࡢኚᩘࡢ㸰㝵௨ୖࡢ㛫ᚤศኚᩘࡼࡾ⨨ࡁ࠼
ࡓᅇᖐᘧࢆᑟࡁྠᐃࡍࡿ᪉ἲ[17]࡛࠶ࡿ㸬୍⯡ඖࡢ≧
ែ✵㛫᪉⛬ᘧࡀnಶࡢ⠇Ⅼࡼࡿ㧗ḟ࡞n ḟ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪 1ࡘࡢᐊ ኚᩘࡢn 㝵㛫ᚤศࡼࡿnಶࡢኚᩘࢆᑟධ ࡍࡿࡇ࡛㸪୍ᮏࡢᅇᖐᘧᖐ╔ࡍࡿࡇࡶ⌮ⓗࡣ
ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡓࡔࡋᅇᖐ᭷ຠ࡞n 㝵ᚤศ್ࡍࡿࡓࡵ
ࡣ㸪ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶn✀㢮ࡢ࿘ᮇ┦ࡢṇᘻἼࡽᡂࡿ
」ྜບἼᙧࡀᚲせᛮࢃࢀࡿ㸬ࡋࡋᐇ㝿ୖࡢㅖࠎࡢ ᐃㄗᕪእᑐ㇟⣔⮬యࡢ㛫ኚࡶ⪃࠼ࢀࡤ㸪᭷
ຠ࡞㛫ᚤศ㝵ᩘࡣ㝈⏺ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓࡇࡢ᪉ἲࡣ୍⯡
ᘧࡍࡿࡢࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬
2008ᖺ㡭ࡽࢩࢫࢸ࣒ྠᐃࣔࢹࣝࡣᐊ ࡢ⠇Ⅼࡔࡅ ࡢ⢒ࡃ࡚༢⣧࡞ࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ᪉ྥ࡛ィ⟬ᶵᐇ㦂ࡼࡾ
ᶍ⣴ࡋጞࡵࡓ㸬㌣యࡢ⇕ᐜ㔞ࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ㸪ᐊ✵Ẽࡢ┦ᙜ⇕
ᐜ㔞ࢆቑࡸࡍࡇ࡛⪃៖ࡍࡿࡇࡋࡓࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇ ࡢࡓࡵຍ⇕ࡢບἼᙧ ᐃࢹ࣮ࢱࡢࣇࣝࢱࣜࣥࢢ
ࡣᕤኵࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬
ᙜึࡣ▴ᙧἼࡢບࡼࡿ1ศ⛬ᗘࡢ㛫㝸ẖࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ
ࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡓ㸬 ᐃࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ㸯㛫⛬ᗘࡢ⛣ືᖹᆒᮇ㛫
࡛ᖹࡍࢀࡤ㸪ྠᐃ⤖ᯝࡣᨵၿࡉࢀࡓࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡣ ᐃ ㄗᕪࡣࢠࢨࢠࢨࡢᵝ┦ࢆ࿊ࡋ㸪ࡇࡢᝏᙳ㡪ࡀῶᑡࡍࡿ
ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ▴ᙧἼࡼࡾࡶ㸪ࡺࡗࡃࡾࡽኚࡍ
ࡿṇᘻἼࡀⰋ࠸ྠᐃ⤖ᯝࢆ࠼ࡿࡇࡶศࡗࡓ㸬⠇Ⅼ
ᩘࡢᑡ࡞࠸⢒࠸ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝᐇ⌧㇟ࢆ㏣㝶࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡣບࡀ ẚ㍑ⓗ㛗࿘ᮇࡢṇᘻἼࡢሙྜ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬▴ᙧἼࡣࣇ࣮ࣜ
࢚⣭ᩘᒎ㛤ࡍࢀࡤ㧗࿘Ἴᡂศࢆᣢࡘࡇࡀศࡿࡀ㸪ࡇ
ࢀࡽࡀ⢒࠸ࣔࢹࣝࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ྠᐃࡣ㐺ࡉ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡽ
ࢀࡓ㸬
ᚑࡗ࡚⛣ືᖹᆒࡣ㸪༢࡞ࡿ ᐃㄗᕪࡢᝏᙳ㡪㍍ῶࡢࡓ
ࡵࡢ᪉ἲࡋ࡚ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪⠇Ⅼᩘࡢᑡ࡞࠸⢒࠸ࣔࢹ
ࣝ㐺ࡋࡓప࿘Ἴᩘయࡢ ᐃࢹ࣮ࢱࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪉ἲ
ࡋ࡚ࡶᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡘࡲࡾ⛣ືᖹᆒࡣ㸪࣮ࣟࣃࢫ࣭ࣇ
ࣝࢱࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪 ᐃࢹ࣮ࢱᚲせ࡞๓ฎ⌮࡛࠶ࡿࡇ
ࡀศࡗࡓ㸬
ึᮇࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ྠᐃ⌮ㄽࡣࡢᗄࡘࡢⅬ࡛ࡶᮍࡔ
༑ศ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡶྵࡵᖜᨵⰋࡋࡓ⌮ㄽࢆ2012 ᖺฟ∧ࡢㄽᩥ[18]㏙ࡓ㸬ึᮇࡢ⌮ㄽ࡛ࡣ㢼㔞ᨭࡸ
⇕ࢥࣥࢲࢡࢱࣥࢫࡢᑐ⛠ᛶ➼ࡢᣊ᮰᮲௳ࢆᅇᖐᘧ⪃៖
ࡍࡿࡓࡵᇙࡵ㎸ࡳ᪉ᘧࢆࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛⼥㏻ᛶࡀ༑ศ
࡛ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓୖ㸪ྠᐃࡍࡿࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡢ㠀㈇ᛶࢆ⪃៖
ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㠀㈇᭱ᑠἲࡀ༑ศ㐺⏝࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬 ࡑࡇ࡛ᨵⰋ⌮ㄽ࡛ࡣ㸪㐃❧ᅇᖐᘧࡢ⾜᪉ྥᣊ᮰᮲௳ᘧ
ࢆ㏣ຍࡍࡿᙧࡢᐃᘧᨵࡵࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡼࡾᣑᙇᛶࡶⰋ ࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪」ᩘࡢ⇕ࢥࣥࢲࢡࢱࣥࢫࡽ⇕ఏᑟ⋡➼ࡢᇶᮏ
ⓗ࡞ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡢᅇᖐࡶᐜ᫆࡞ࡿ㸬
ࡲࡓึᮇࡢ⌮ㄽ࡛ࡶ☜ࡉホ౯ࡢ᰿ᖿࡣ᪤㐀ࡗ࡚
࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ᐇ㝿ࡢィ⟬ࡼࡿ᳨ウࡀ༑ศ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬᥎
ᐃࡉࢀࡓࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡢ☜ࡉศᩓࡣ㸪ᅇᖐᘧṧᕪࡽ
ࡢࡶࡢ㸪 ᐃ☜ࡉศᩓࡽࡢࡶࡢ㏻ࡾィ⟬ࡉ
ࢀࡿࡇࡣศࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ࡇࢀࡽࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚๓⪅
ࡢᚋ⪅ᑐࡍࡿẚ⋡ࡼࡾ㸪ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ྠᐃ๓ᥦࡢ㐺ྜ
⋡ࡪಙ㢗ᛶホ౯ᣦᶆࢆᐃ⩏ࡋࡓ㸬ᐇ㝿ࡢ ᐃ࡛ࡣ㸪 ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ྠᐃࡀ๓ᥦࡍࡿࣔࢹࣝࡢ⥺ᙧᛶ㸪㛫ⓗኚ ᛶ㸪✵㛫ⓗ୍ᵝᛶ➼ࡀ༑ศᡂࡾ❧ࡓ࡞࠸ࡇࡼࡾ⏕
ࡌࡿྠᐃㄗᕪࡀࡁ࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࡢホ౯ࡀྍ⬟࡞
ࡿ㸬
ᚋ㸪๓㏙ࡢᨵⰋࢩࢫࢸ࣒ྠᐃ⌮ㄽࡼࡾ㸪ᘓ⠏ఏ⇕
⣔㛵ࡍࡿ ᐃࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆヨసࡋ࡚㸪ᐇドⓗ◊✲ࡀᚲせ
⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
㸴㸬ࡑࡢࡢ ᐃࢹ࣮ࢱศᯒᢏ⾡
ᮏࢩࢫࢸ࣒ྠᐃ⌮ㄽࡢせ࡞ࡿ᭱ᑠἲ࠾ࡼࡧ☜
ࡉホ౯᪉ἲࡣᅇᖐᘧࡀ␗࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
࠼ࡤ⡆᫆ⓗ࡞Ẽ ᐃἲࡋ࡚perfluorocarbon tracer gas(PFT)ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ᪉ἲࡀ◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣᐊෆ
⨨ࢀࡿࢻ࣮ࢨ࣮ࡤࢀࡿᑠ⎼ධࡗࡓ≀㉁ࡽࡑࡢ
Ⓨᛶ࢞ࢫࢆᩘ᪥㛫ࡽᩘࣨ᭶ࢃࡓࡾᨺᩓࡋ㸪ྠ୪
⾜ࡋ࡚ᐊෆ⨨ࡃࢧࣥࣉ࣮ࣛࡤࢀࡿᑠ⎼ධࡗࡓ྾
╔≀㉁࢞ࢫࢆ྾╔ࡉࡏ㸪 ᐃᮇ㛫⤊ᚋᨺᩓ㔞྾
╔㔞ࢆศᯒࡋ㸪ᮇ㛫ᖹᆒࡢᨺᩓὶ㔞⃰ᗘࢆồࡵ㸪ᮇ㛫 ᖹᆒࡢẼ㔞ࢆ᥎ᐃࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢሙྜ
࢞ࢫᨭᘧࡣᐃᖖ≧ែࡢࡶࡢࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋࡋᐇ㝿
ࡣẼ㔞ኚࡼࡗ࡚⃰ᗘኚືࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࡢ࡛㸪᥎ᐃࡉࢀ
ࡿࡢࡣᮇ㛫ᖹᆒẼ㔞ࡣᑡࡋ␗࡞ࡿ⃰ᗘ㔜ࡳࡁᖹᆒ
Ẽ㔞࡛࠶ࡿ[19]㸬ࡲࡓᐃࡋࡓࢰ࣮ࣥศࡅࡢኵࠎ࡛ࣇ
ࣥᨩᢾ➼ࡶ⾜ࢃ࡞࠸ࡋ㸪࢞ࢫ⃰ᗘࡀ୍ᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࡶ
☜࡛㸪ᐊ ኚᙳ㡪ࡉࢀ࡚࢞ࢫⓎ⏕ࡀ୍ᐃ࡛࠶ࡿ
ࡶ☜࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡘࡲࡾᩘᘧࣔࢹࣝࡢ๓ᥦࡀ༑ศᡂࡾ
❧ࡘಖドࡀ↓࠸᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬
ࡓࡔࡋᐜ᫆᥎ᐹ࡛ࡁࡿᵝ㸪ᐊᩘศࡢ✀㢮ࡢ࢞ࢫࢆ
⏝࠸ࢀࡤ㸪ከᩘᐊẼ ᐃἲࡶᣑᙇྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ➹⪅ࡣ㸪ࢰ࣮ࣥᩘ௨ୖࡢ࡞ࡿࡃἑᒣࡢࢧࣥࣉ࣮ࣛ
ࢻ࣮ࢨ࣮ࢆタ⨨ࡍࡿࡇ࡛㸪☜ࡉࡢホ౯ࢆࡼࡾṇ☜
ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪㢼㔞ࡢ᥎ᐃ⢭ᗘࡶྥୖࡍࡿ᪉ἲࢆ⪃
ࡋࡓ[19]㸬ࡘࡲࡾࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡣᮍ▱ᩘࡢ㢼㔞ࡢಶᩘ➼
ࡋ࠸࢞ࢫᨭᘧࢆᚓ࡚Ỵᐃㄽⓗ㢼㔞ࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ
ᑐࡋ㸪ࡼࡾከࡃࡢ࢞ࢫᨭᘧࢆᅇᖐᘧࡋ࡚ᚓ࡚᭱ᑠ
ἲ࡛᥎ᐃࡍࡿࡶ㸪ࡑࡢṧᕪࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚☜ࡉ ホ౯ࢆ⾜࠺᪉ἲࢆ⪃࠼ࡓ㸬
୍᪉㸪ᘓ≀ࡢẼᐦᛶ ᐃἲࡢJIS[20]ࡸISO[21]ࡢࢹ࣮
ࢱศᯒἲࡶᨵⰋ࡛ࡁࡿ[22]㸬ᚑ᮶ࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ࡣ᥎ᐃࣃ࣓ࣛ
࣮ࢱࡢಙ㢗༊㛫ࡀẚ㍑ⓗᗈࡃ࡚ホ౯⢭ᗘࡀⰋࡃ࡞ࡗ
ࡓࡀ㸪ᅇᖐᘧࡢṧᕪࢆ⏝ࡍࡿ☜ࡉศᯒἲࡍࡿࡇ
࡛☜ࡉホ౯ࡀࡼࡾṇ☜࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ➹⪅ࡀ⪃
ࡋࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒ྠᐃ๓ᥦࡢ㐺ྜ⋡ࡣ㸪 ᐃ୰ࡢእ➼ࡢ ᝏᙳ㡪ࡶྵࡵ㸪 ᐃࡀᚲせྰࡢุ᩿ᙺ❧ࡘ㸬
ࡲࡓ༢ᐊࣔࢹࣝࡢẼᅇᩘࢆࢺ࣮ࣞࢧ࢞ࢫࡢ⃰ᗘῶ⾶
ࡼࡾ ᐃࡍࡿISOࡢ᪉ἲ[23]ࡶᨵⰋ࡛ࡁࡿ[24]㸬Ẽᅇᩘ
ࡢ᥎ᐃ☜ࡉࢆ᭱ᑠࡍࡿ᭱㐺ῶ⾶ᮇ㛫ࡢỴᐃἲࡣ㸪 ᚑ᮶ࡣ⤒㦂ⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪⌮ㄽⓗ᰿ᣐࢆᣢࡕᩘᏛⓗồ
ࡵࡿ᪉ἲࢆ₇⧢ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡼࡿ᭱㐺ῶ⾶ᮇ㛫ࡢ㑅ᐃᩘ⾲
ࢆ࠼ࡓ㸬ࡲࡓẼᅇᩘࡢ☜ࡉホ౯ࡢ⢭ᗘࡶྥୖࡉ ࡏࡓ㸬
ࡉࡽᮏࢩࢫࢸ࣒ྠᐃ⌮ㄽࡢ༢ᐊ∧ࡶゝ࠼ࡿࡀ㸪ࢺ
࣮ࣞࢧ࢞ࢫࢆṇᘻἼ࡛ᨺฟࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾ㸪᭷ຠΰྜᐜ
✚Ẽ㢼㔞ศࡅ࡚ ᐃࡍࡿ᪉ἲࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡶ᫂ࡽ
ࡋࡓ[24]㸬
࡞࠾ࡢศ㔝࡛ࡶᵝࠎ࡞ ᐃἲࢹ࣮ࢱศᯒἲࡀ࠶ࡿ
ࡀ㸪ఱࡽࡢᅇᖐᘧᣊ᮰᮲௳ᘧࢆ๓ᥦࡋࡓ᭱ᑠ
ἲぢ࡞ࡏࡿࡶࡢࡀከ࠸ᵝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᚑࡗ࡚ᮏㄽ࡛ࡢ☜
ࡉศᯒἲࡼࡾᨵⰋ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣಟṇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡀᮇᚅ
࡛ࡁࡿ㸬
㸵㸬≧ែ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮౪⤥ࡢ᭱㐺⌮ㄽ
➹⪅ࡢ⇕ᅇ㊰⥙ࡢ⌮ㄽⓗᒎ㛤ࡣࢩࢫࢸ࣒⌮ㄽࡀ࠸
ཧ⪃࡞ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࡢ≧ែ✵㛫ἲ࡛ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ᭱
㐺ไᚚ⌮ㄽࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢᛂ⏝ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡢࡣศᚋ࡞ࡗ࡚
ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬᭱㐺ไᚚἲࡢゎᘧࡣ㐃⥆ⓗ࡞✚ศ᪉⛬ᘧࡢ ᙧ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀከ࠸ࡢ࡛㸪ᐇ㝿ࡢィ⟬ࢆ⾜࠺ࡓࡵ
ࡣ㸪ࡲࡎ≧ែ✵㛫᪉⛬ᘧࢆලయⓗࡘỗ⏝ⓗࣝࢦࣜ
ࢬ࣒࡛ᵓᡂࡍࡿၥ㢟㸪ḟ㞳ᩓ㛫ⓗ࡞ゎᘧᨵⰋࡍ
ࡿၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ㸬๓⪅ࡢၥ㢟ࡣ᪤ゎỴࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ㸪 ᚋ⪅ࡢၥ㢟ゎỴᖺ᭶ࢆせࡋࡓ㸬ࡲࡎࡼࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
᭱㐺ࣞࢠ࣮ࣗࣞࢱไᚚၥ㢟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇࡔ㸬ࡇࡢ㸪㞳 ᩓ㛫ࢩࢫࢸ࣒㛵ࡋ࡚㸪㝶క≧ែࣛࢢࣛࣥࢪ࢙ᩘἲ
ࢆ᭱ᑠἲ࡛ゎࡃ᪉ἲ[25]ࡀ᭷⏝࡛࠶ࡿࡀศࡗࡓ㸬 ᙜึࡣ㠀ᐃᖖࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ◊✲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ࡋࡋ෭ᬮᡣẼ ศ㔝࠾࠸࡚᭱㐺ࣞࢠ࣮ࣗࣞࢱࢆ㐺⏝ࡍࡿⅬࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ
↓ࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࢀࡣᣑᩓ⣔ࡢ≧ែ✵㛫᪉⛬ᘧࣔࢹࣝࡢᅛ᭷
್ࡣᐇ㈇࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀド᫂[28]࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺㸪ᮏ᮶Ᏻᐃ
࡞⣔ࡔࡽ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛᭱㐺ไᚚ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪᭱㐺タ ィ⌮ㄽࡢᛂ⏝ࡀど㔝ධࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ᘓ≀ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ⇕
ჾேయࡢࣔࢹࣝࡶྵࡵ㸪ࡉࡽᢅ࠺≧ែࡶ ᗘࡔ ࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ‵ᗘࡶྵࡵࡓ≧ែ࣋ࢡࢺࣝࢆᣢࡘᣑࡋࡓ⣔ࡢ
⇕࣭‵ᗘᅇ㊰⥙ࣔࢹࣝ㛵ࡋ࡚㸪⾲㸯ࡢ(5)ᘧ♧ࡍࡼ࠺
࡞ホ౯㛵ᩘࡽฟⓎࡋ㸪ᐃᖖ≧ែࡢ᭱㐺ゎ[26]ࢆᑟ࠸ࡓ㸬 ࡇࡢホ౯㛵ᩘࡢ୰㌟ࡣ㸪࠸ࢃࡤ ෭ឤ୰❧ᛶ㸪┬࢚ࢿᛶ㸪
ࡑࡋ࡚᭷ຠ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢ┬࢚ࢿᛶࢆ⾲ࡍ୕㡯ࡽᡂ❧ࡉ ࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㡯ࡢᩘ㔞ⓗᐃ⩏ࡣ㸪 ෭ឤ୰❧ᛶࡀ
⇕ⓗ୰❧≧ែ࠶ࡿேయࡢ㌣ᖿ ᗘ36.8Υࡢ೫ᕪࡢ
࡛࠶ࡾ㸪┬࢚ࢿᛶࡀ౪⤥࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢮࣟࡢ೫ᕪࡢ
࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡲࡓ᭷ຠ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢ┬࢚ࢿᛶࡣ⇕ჾ
ὶࡍ෭Ỉ/ ỈእẼ ᗘࡢ೫ᕪࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽ
ࡢ୕ࡘࡢ೫ᕪࡢࡣ㸪࠾ࡼࡑᑐ➼ࡢࡁࡉ࡞ࡿᵝ
㔜ࡳಀᩘࢆࡌࡓୖ࡛㸪᭱ᑠࡍࡁホ౯㛵ᩘࢆᙧᡂ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬⌧≧ࡢ෭ᬮᡣࢩࢫࢸ࣒タィࡣ✵Ẽ ᗘ೫㔜࡛
࠶ࡿࡇࡣྰࡵ࡞࠸㸬ே㛫ࡢ ෭ឤࡣ✵Ẽ ᗘࡔࡅ࡛࡞
ࡃ࿘ᅖࡢ⇕ᨺᑕ⎔ቃࡶࡁࡃᕥྑࡉࢀࡿ㸬⇕ᨺᑕ⎔ቃ
ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ෭ᬮᡣࡣ㸪ఱࡶࣃࢿࣝࣄ࣮ࢱ࣮ࡸᗋᬮᡣࡔ ࡅࢆពࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ቨ࣭ᗋ࣭ᒇ᰿ࡢᵝ࡞㌣య⮬య ࡢ㐺ษ࡞᩿⇕ࡶ࠸㛵ಀࡍࡿ㸬ࡑࢀࡣᐊෆ⾲㠃 ᗘࡀ ᨵၿࡉࢀࡿࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ⌧≧ࡢ෭ᬮᡣࢩࢫࢸ࣒タ ィࡣ㸪࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢ㉁ࢆ༑ศ⪃៖ࡏࡎ㸪㔞ࡢホ౯೫ࡗ
࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡠࡿ࠸෭ Ỉ࡛㛫ྜ࠺ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡞ࡽࡤ㸪⇕※
ᶵჾࡣ㧗ຠ⋡࡛࠼ࡿࡋ㸪ᗫ⇕ࡸኴ㝧⇕➼ࡶ᭷ຠ⏝
࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ᭱㐺ࡢࣔࢹࣝゎἲࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࡼࡾ
┬࢚ࢿ࡛┬㈨※࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢタィࡀ㐺ษ⾜࠼ࡿ⪃࠼㸪 ᅗ3♧ࡍᵝ࡞ィ⟬ᶵᐇ㦂ࣔࢹࣝࢆᐃࡋ࡚⌮ㄽࡢ᳨ド
࡞ࡶ⾜ࡗࡓ[26]㸬ࡋࡋᮍࡔᮏ⌮ㄽࡣ᭱㐺ไᚚ⌮ㄽࡢ ᇦࢆฟ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ᭱㐺ධຊࢆỴᐃࡍࡿࡔࡅ ࡔࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᮏ᱁ⓗ࡞᭱㐺タィ⌮ㄽ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࢩࢫ ࢸ࣒ࡢࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡶ᭱㐺࡛ࡁ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸬ࡑࡢ ࡓࡵࡣ㠀⥺ᙧࡢ᭱㐺ၥ㢟ࢆゎ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡔ
ࢁ࠺㸬࡞࠾๓㏙ࡋࡓ≧ែ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮౪⤥ࡢ᭱㐺ィ⟬
ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣSOCS(Systematic Optimum Control Strategy)
ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ᮍࡔධฟຊࡢ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮࣭ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙
ࢫࡣ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬
ຍ‵ჾ
⇕ჾ Ỉ䝁䜲䝹
ᗋᬮᡣ 䝟䝛䝹䝠䞊䝍
䛼䜛䛔෭ Ỉ䛷㛫䛻ྜ䛘䜀ప㉁䛾⮬↛䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊䛜᭷ຠ⏝䛷䛝䜛 ホ౯㛵ᩘ䠙
䠇⇕ⓗᛌ㐺ᛶ 䠄⇕ⓗ୰❧䛻㏆䛔䛣䛸䠅 䠇┬䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊ᛶ
䠄ᾘ㈝⇕㔞䛜᭱ᑠ䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䠅 䠇ప㉁䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊ᛶ
䠄䛼䜛䛔෭ Ỉ䛷㛫䛻ྜ䛖䛣䛸䠅
䛣䛾ホ౯㛵ᩘ䜢᭱ᑠ䛻䛩䜛
⇕౪⤥䛸 ᗘ≧ែ䜢ゎ䛟
ᅗ㸱 ≧ែ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮౪⤥ࡢ᭱㐺ࡢィ⟬ᐇ㦂ࣔࢹࣝ
㸶㸬ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ 1(76
NETS(NETwork model Simulation)ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ
⇕࣭Ẽᅇ㊰⥙ࣔࢹࣝࡼࡿࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࣉࣟࢢࣛ
࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨ⤒⦋ࡘ࠸࡚㏙ࡿ㸬➹⪅ࡣࡇࡢKernelⓗࣉ
ࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆసᡂࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ࡋࡋᅗᙧⓗ࡞ධฟຊฎ⌮ࣉ
ࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ༶ࡕ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮࣭ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙ࢫࡀ↓࠸࠸
㞴࠸㸬ᖾ࠸2000ᖺᗘࡲ࡛6ᖺ㛫⥆࠸ࡓ⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬ࡢఫ Ꮿ㛤Ⓨࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࣁ࢘ࢫࢪࣕࣃࣥࡢᶵࢆᚓ࡚㸪 ࡑࡢᅗᙧⓗ๓ᚋฎ⌮ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ㛤Ⓨ[27]ࢆࡍࡿࡇࡀ
࡛ࡁࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ㛤Ⓨࡢ᪉ྥᛶࡣ⤖ᯝⓗࡢከࡃࡢᢏ⾡ィ
⟬ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣ㏫࡞ࡗࡓ㸬୍⯡ᘓ⠏ᢏ⾡⪅ྥࡅࡼࡾ
ࡶᘓ⠏⎔ቃᕤᏛࡢᑓ㛛ᢏ⾡⪅ྥࡅࡋ㸪㐺⏝ඛࢆ≉ࡍ
ࡿࡼࡾࡶỗ⏝ࡋ㸪ィ⟬ෆᐜࡣࣈࣛࢵࢡ࣎ࢵࢡࢫࡍࡿ
ࡼࡾࡶ࣍࣡ࢺ࣎ࢵࢡࢫࡋࡓ㸬ඖ᮶㸪⇕࣭Ẽᅇ㊰⥙
ࡢࣔࢹࣝᅗ⮬యࡀ㐃❧᪉⛬ᘧࡢᵓ㐀ࢆ᫂♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬୍
⯡ࡢேࡣศࡾ㞴࠸ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ᑓ㛛ᐙࡣィ⟬
ෆᐜࡀᢕᥱ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡶࡕࢁࢇ㐺⏝ၥ㢟ࢆ≉ࡋ࡚㝈ᐃࡍ
ࢀࡤࣔࢹࣝసᡂࡣ⡆༢࡛ࡁࡿࡀ㸪᪂つᛶࡢ࠶ࡿ◊✲ⓗ
ၥ㢟᳨ウࡣᑐᛂ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ㸬NETSࡣᅗ4♧ࡍࡼ
࠺㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢᅛᐃⓗ࡞ィ⟬ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣᅔ㞴࡞᪂つࡢᘓ⠏
ⓗᕤኵࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ㐺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬⌧ᅾࡢࡇࢁࡣᘓ
⠏ⓗ┬࢚ࢿᡭἲࡢ᳨ウ㸪 ⇕⎔ቃࡢ᳨ウ㸪ཷືⓗ࡞෭ᬮ ᡣ⨨ࡸ⇕※⨨ࡢ᳨ウ㸪✵Ẽ㉁ࡑࡢᨵၿ᪉ἲࡢ᳨ウ㸪
Ẽࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ᳨ウ㸪⤖㟢ࡢ᳨ウ➼⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ධຊฎ⌮ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆNETSGEN㸪ฟຊฎ⌮ࣉࣟࢢࣛ
࣒ࢆNETSOUTࡧࡑࢀࡒࢀᅗ5ᅗ6♧ࡍ㸬
NETSGEN ࡛ࡣᗄࡘࡢࣔࢹࣝせ⣲ࢆࡘ࡞ࡂྜࢃࡏ࡚
ࣔࢹࣝᅗࢆᥥ࠸࡚࠸ࡃ㸬ࡲࡓ㢖⦾⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ㢮ᆺⓗ࡞
㒊ศࡣ㒊ရࡋ࡚ࣛࣈࣛࣜⓏ㘓ࡋࣔࢹࣝసᡂసᴗຠ
⋡ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ቨయ➼ࡣ୍ḟඖ᭷㝈せ⣲ἲ࡛
సᡂࡋ㒊ရࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ḟඖ᭷㝈せ⣲ἲ
ࣔࢹࣝࡶ㒊ရࡋ࡚యࣔࢹࣝࡢ୰⼥ྜࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛
ࡁࡿ㸬ࡲࡓᩘᏛⓗ⠇Ⅼᩘࢆῶࡽࡋ࡚⤒῭ⓗ࡞㏆ఝࣔࢹ
ࣝࢆసࡿࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ≧ែ✵㛫᪉⛬ᘧࡢ⃰⦰
ࡶࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ືゎᯒࡢศ㔝࡛ࡢᢏ⾡ࢆᛂ⏝ࡋࡓࡶ
ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⇕࣭Ẽᅇ㊰⥙ࡢࣔࢹࣝᵓ㐀ࢆᥥ࠸ࡓᚋ࡛㸪
⠇Ⅼ㸪୍⯡⇕ࢥࣥࢲࢡࢱࣥࢫ㸪ࢰ࣮ࣥࡸὶ㊰ࡢࣔࢹࣝ
せ⣲ࢆࢡࣜࢵࢡࡋ࡚ࢲࣟࢢࢆ㛤ࡁ㸪ෆ㒊ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ ࡢᐃ⩏ࢆ⾜࠺㸬ࣔࢹࣝࡢᵓ㐀ⓗ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱⓗ࡞
ኚࢆ࣮ࣔࢻኚࡪ᪉ἲ࡛ᢅ࠼ࡿࡇࡶ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ࡉࡽ⇕㸪Ẽ㸪࢞ࢫὶືᅇ㊰⥙ࣔࢹࣝ┦ࡢᑐᛂࡅ ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ⪅ࢆẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ぢࡽࢀࡿ⏬㠃࠾࠸
࡚┤ឤⓗ⾜࠼ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓᵝࠎ࡞≧ែ㔞ࢆឤ▱ࡋ࡚ᵝࠎ࡞
㔞ࢆ᧯సࡍࡿࣇ࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡไᚚ๎ࢆ⤌ࡴࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬
NETSOUTࡢィ⟬⤖ᯝ⾲♧ࡣูࡋ࡚㸪 ᗘ㸪࢞ࢫ⃰ᗘ㸪
ᐊෆᅽ㸪㢼㔞㸪 ෭ឤண ⏦࿌್PMVࡸ⇕㈇Ⲵ➼ࡢ≧
ែ್㛵ࡍࡿ✵㛫ศᕸ⾲♧㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ≧ែ್ࡢ⣔ิ
⾲♧ศࡅࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ࣮ࣔࢻኚࡸࣇ࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡไ ᚚࡢᐇ⾜≧ἣࡶ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽᕷ
㈍ࡢ⾲ィ⟬ࢯࣇࢺ࡛ࡢศᯒࢆྍ⬟ࡍࡿࡓࡵCSVฟ ຊࡶ⾜࠺ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬NETSࡣᘓ⠏ศ㔝ࡢၥ㢟᳨ウ
㝈ࡽࡎ㸪ศ㔝࡛ࡶ࠼ࡿࡶࡢᮇᚅࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬≉᭷
㝈య✚ἲࡼࡾᗙᶆ⣔⦡ࡽࢀࡎ㸪ᕤᏛⓗุ᩿࡛㏆ఝ
ࡋࡓᐇ⏝ࣔࢹࣝࢆసࡿࡇࡼࡾ㸪ᡭ᪩ࡃィ⟬ࡋ᳨࡚ウ ࡋࡓ࠸ሙྜࡣ᭷⏝ᛮࢃࢀࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㛫✚ศ࡞ࡢゎ ἲࡶ↓᮲௳Ᏻᐃ࡛࠶ࡾᐇ⏝ⓗ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸬
ኴ㝧⇕⏝
ᒇୖ⥳
Ⓨ෭༷
⮬↛Ẽ⏝
ኪ㛫እẼ෭ᡣ
ኳᨺᑕ෭ᡣ
ᗋᬮᡣ ᆅ┙⇕⏝
䜽䞊䝹䝏䝳䞊䝤 ቨయࡢ㏻Ẽᒙ࡛⇕‵Ẽࡢไᚚ
⎔ቃඹ⏕ⓗ䛺ᵝ䚻䛺┬䜶䝛ᡭἲ䛾᳨ウ䛻㐺䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
ኚᛶ䠈㠀⥺ᙧᛶ䠈⇕ὶ䛾ከḟඖᛶ䛜䛒䜚䠈䝅䝇䝔䝮ⓗ䛺ၥ㢟᳨ウ䛻㐺䛩䜛䠊
ᅗ㸲 ࢚࢟ࢫࣃ࣮ࢺ⏝ࢶ࣮ࣝ㻺㻱㼀㻿ࡢ㐺⏝ၥ㢟
䡡⇕ఏᑟ⋡䚸ẚ⇕䚸 ᐦᗘ 䡡ᅽᦆಀᩘ䞉ᣦᩘ䚸
㢼ᅽಀᩘ
䡡䡲䢚䡹ఏᑟ⋡䚸
✵㝽⋡
⇕ᅇ㊰⥙䝰䝕䝹 Ẽᅇ㊰⥙䝰䝕䝹 䡲䢚䡹ὶືᅇ㊰⥙䢏䡿䢚䢕 䝷䜲䝤䝷䝸≀ᛶ್≉ᛶ್ ✵㛫ⓗ㞳ᩓ᭷㝈せ⣲ἲ䛻䜘䜛≧ែ✵㛫᪉⛬ᘧ䛾⃰⦰⌮ㄽ
(䠅ከᒙᘓ≀୍ᒙศ
ฎ⌮
୍⯡⇕
䡶䢙䡼䢚䡴䡼䢙䡹
᪤▱⠇Ⅼ ᮍ▱⠇Ⅼ 䠄⇕ᐜ㔞᭷䜚䠅 ᮍ▱⠇Ⅼ 䠄⇕ᐜ㔞↓䛧䠅 䝰䝕䝹せ⣲䝷䜲䝤䝷䝸㒊ศ䝰䝕䝹 䝃䝤䝅䝇䝔䝮య䝰䝕䝹⇕䞉Ẽ䡡䜺䝇䛾⇕䞉Ẽ䡡䜺䝇䛾㐃ᡂయ䝰䝕䝹
㥑ື᮲௳
୍⯡
䡶䢙䡼䢚䡴䡼䢙䡹
᪤▱⠇Ⅼ ᮍ▱⠇Ⅼ 䠄ᐜ㔞᭷䜚䠅 ᮍ▱⠇Ⅼ 䠄ᐜ㔞↓䛧䠅
䠄䠅ྥὶᆺ⇕ჾ 䝌䞊䞁
ὶ㊰
㏦㢼ᶵ
(䠅ቨ
䡡䢏䡬䢀䢚ኚᐃ⩏
䡡⥺ᙧ䢈䡤䡬䢀䢚䢆䢚䡫䡴ไᚚ 䡡PID䢈䡤䡬䢀䢚䢆䢚䡫䡴ไᚚ 䡡䢏䡬䢀䢚䠈䡸䡹䡿䢍䢆䢛䢓䢎䡬䡼䠈
ேⅭ᮲௳䠈䢈䡤䡬䢀䢚 䢆䢚䡫䡴ไᚚ䛾᪥䢆䢛䡼䡬䢙 䡡᪥䢆䢛䡼䡬䢙䛾ᮇ㛫ෆ
࿘ᮇ
㻢㻤 㻝㻟 㻢㻥 㻝㻢㻞 㻝㻢㻝
㻟 㻝㻡 㻝㻠 㻝㻝㻣
⠇Ⅼ䛹䛖䛧䛾ᑐᛂ䛡
⇕ᅇ㊰⥙䝰䝕䝹 Ẽᅇ㊰⥙䝰䝕䝹 䡲䢚䡹ὶືᅇ㊰⥙䢏䡿䢚䢕
య䝰䝕䝹䛾㐠㌿≧ἣ
䝌䞊䞁ᗏ㠃㟼ᅽ 㢼㔞䛸ྥ䛝
㏦㢼ᶵ
≧ែ
್
㛫
≧ែ
್
㛫
≧
ែ
್
㛫 㒊ศ␒ྕ
࣮ࣔࢻ␒ྕ
ไᚚ๎␒ྕ
212)) 2)) 2)) 21 21 2)) 2)) 21
ྛ㒊ศ䛾䝰䞊䝗
≧ែ
ไᚚ๎
䛾ᐇ⾜≧ែ
≧
ែ
್叏
✵ 㛫 ศᕸ
≧
ែ್ ࡢ 㛫
ኚ ᗘኚ
PMVኚ
⇕㈇Ⲵኚ
Ⓨ⇕㔞ኚ
㢼㔞ኚ
ࢰ࣮ࣥ㟼ᅽኚ
㏦㢼ᶵ㢼㔞ኚ
࢞ࢫ⃰ᗘኚ
࢞ࢫ㝖ཤ㔞ኚ
࢞ࢫⓎ⏕㔞ኚ
ᗘࡸPMVࡢศᕸ
➼ ⥺ 㐠㌿Ⅼ
㢼㔞ࡢศᕸࢰ࣮ࣥ㟼ᅽ ࢞ࢫ⃰ᗘࡢศᕸ
➼⃰ᗘ⥺
ไᚚ๎ࡣ㸪௵ពࡢឤ▱㔞ࡼࡿ௵ព ࡢ᧯స㔞ࡲ࡛ࡢ₇⟬ᡭ⥆ࡁࢆពࡋ㸪
࣮ࣔࢻ␒ྕࡶ᧯స㔞ࡢ୍✀࡞ࡿ㸬 㒊ศࡣ✵㛫ⓗ࡞ពࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪
୍⯡ࣔࢹࣝᵓᡂせ⣲ࡢయ㞟ྜᑐ ࡍࡿ㒊ศ㞟ྜࡶពࡍࡿ㸬
ᕪᅽィ
ᕪᅽ䛾ኚ
㸷㸬ከᩘᐊẼ ᐃࢩࢫࢸ࣒
⇕ᅇ㊰⥙ࡢ⌮ㄽⓗᒎ㛤ࡢ୰࡛ᑟࢀࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒ྠᐃ⌮
ㄽࡢᛂ⏝ࡋ࡚㛤ⓎࡋࡓከᩘᐊẼ ᐃࢩࢫࢸ࣒㛵ࡋ
࡚⤂ࡍࡿ㸬ᘓ⠏Ẽࡣ㸪ᶵᲔẼࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪ෆእ
ᗘᕪࡸእ㒊㢼ࡀཎᅉ࡞ࡿ㝽㛫㢼ࡸ⮬↛Ẽࡶࡁࡃ ᙳ㡪ࡉࢀࡿ㸬㝵ᘓ࡚ఫᏯࢆࢀࡤ㸪Ꮨᬮᡣᖖែ
࡛ࡣ↮✺ຠᯝ࡛እẼࡀ୍㝵ධࡾ㝵ࡽᢤࡅ࡚࠸ࡃ㸬
୍㝵࡛ởࡉࢀࡓ✵Ẽࡀ㝵ὶࢀࡿࡢ࡛㝵ࡢ✵Ẽ㉁ࡀ ᝏࡃ࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ᚑࡗ࡚ᐊ㛫ࡢ✵Ẽὶືࡢᐇែࢆ
ᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇࡣ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡓࡔࡋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᚤ㢼㏿ࡢ✵
Ẽὶືࢆ㢼㏿ ᐃࡽ┤᥋ⓗ ᐃࡍࡿࡇࡣ㞴ࡋࡃ㸪 ࢺ࣮ࣞࢧ࢞ࢫࢆ⏝࠸ࡓẼ ᐃἲࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᚑ᮶ࡢ
Ẽ ᐃἲࡣ༢ᐊᢅ࠸࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ከᩘᐊࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ✵Ẽὶື
⤒㊰ࢆ ᐃࡍࡿ᪉ἲࡣ◊✲㛤Ⓨẁ㝵࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓᐊ࡛ࡢ
࢞ࢫࡢΰྜᐜ✚ࡣᗄఱⓗᐜ✚➼ࡋ࠸௬ᐃࡍࡿࡇࡀ
⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛㸪ὶᇦ➼ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓሙྜㄗᕪࢆ⏕ࡌ
ࡿ㸬ࡘࡲࡾᮏ᮶᥎ᐃࡍࡁࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡣ㸪Ẽ㢼㔞ࡔࡅ
࡛࡞ࡃ᭷ຠΰྜᐜ✚࡞」ᩘ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀᑐࡋ࡚ᮏࢩࢫ ࢸ࣒ྠᐃ⌮ㄽࡣᚑ᮶ࡢ ᐃἲࡀᣢࡘࡇࢀࡽࡢၥ㢟ࢆゎỴ
࡛ࡁࡿ㸬
ࡘ࡚㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ ᐃࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣᅗ7♧ࡍ㸬⨨㢮ࡣ ࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡ〇ࡢ᪤〇ရࢆ⏝ࡋࡓ㸬ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱไᚚ
ࡼࡾྛᐊ᩿⥆ⓗSF6㸦භࣇࢵ◲㯤㸧ࢆὀධࡋ࢞ࢫ
⃰ᗘኚࢆసࡾฟࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢኚືࡍࡿ࢞ࢫὀධὶ㔞࢞
ࢫ⃰ᗘࡽSPID ࡼࡾ㸪እẼࡶྵࡴࢰ࣮ࣥ㛫ࡢ㢼㔞㸪
᭷ຠΰྜᐜ✚㸪࢞ࢫὀධẚ⋡➼ࡢ୕✀ࡢᣑᩓ⣔ࡢࣃ࣓ࣛ
࣮ࢱࢆ᥎ᐃࡋࡓ㸬 ᐃࢆ⤂ࡍࡿ㸬ࢩࢵࢡࣁ࢘ࢫࡢ
Ẽᑐ⟇ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ㛵㐃࡛㸪ࡘࡃࡤࡢ㸦㈈㸧࣋ࢱ࣮ࣜࣅࣥ
ࢢࡢᩜᆅᘓタࡉࢀࡓ㝵ᘓ࡚ᮌ㐀ఫᏯ࡛2001ᖺ11᭶
⾜ࡗࡓ ᐃ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᮏ ᐃࡣ➨୕✀ᶵᲔẼ≧
ែ㸦⤥Ẽࣇࣥࡀ↓ࡃẼࣇࣥࡔࡅ㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬࢞ࢫ
⃰ᗘኚࡢ⏕ᡂ ᐃࡣ11᭶6᪥ᮅࡽ11᭶12᪥ᮅ
ࡲ࡛⾜ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ࡇࡢ୰࡛11᭶6᪥18ࡽ7᪥ࡢ6
ࡲ࡛12㛫ศࡢᅗ8ࡢ ᐃࢹ࣮ࢱࡘ࠸࡚ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ྠ
ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ9♧ࡍ㸬ࡇࡢ44ಶ⛬ᗘࡢ㢼㔞࡛
࠶ࢀࡤ3㛫ࡄࡽ࠸࡛ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ྠᐃࡍࡿࡇࡀከ࠸ࡢ࡛
࠶ࡿࡀ㸪᭷ຠΰྜᐜ✚ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿᐇ㉁ⓗ࡞ᐊࡢᐜ✚11 ಶࡢྠᐃࡶྵࡵ㸪ྠᐃࡍࡁᮍ▱ᩘࡀከ࠸ࡇࡽ㛗ࡵ
ࡢ12㛫ࡋࡓ㸬 ᅗ㸳 ධຊฎ⌮ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㻺㻱㼀㻿㻳㻱㻺
ᅗ㸴 ฟຊฎ⌮ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㻺㻱㼀㻿㻻㼁㼀
ᅗ㸵 ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ྠᐃ⌮ㄽࡢᛂ⏝ࡢከᩘᐊẼ ᐃࢩࢫࢸ࣒
ᣑᩓ⣔䛾䡸䡹䡿䢍䢆䢛䢓䢎䡬䡼ྠᐃ⌮
ㄽ䛸ィ⟬䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮SPID
System ParameterIDentification 㢼㔞ࡢྠᐃ
㺔㺼㺛ὀධὶ㔞⃰ᗘࡢ ᐃ
]RQH
⃰ᗘPJP
ὀධὶ㔞PJVHF
㺢㺸㺎㺙㺎㺔㺼㺛ὀධ
ከⅬ䡲䢚䡹ὀධ䞉✵Ẽ྾ᘬ⨨
ไᚚ
䢀䢖䡬䡷䡬䡲䢚䡹䢊䢚䢙䢉䢚 ィ⟬
ձ㹊㹂㹉
ὀධ㔞㸦PJVHF㸧
6)⃰ᗘ㸦PJP ὀධὶ㔞
࢞ࢫ⃰ᗘ
)ᖹ㠃ᅗ )ᖹ㠃ᅗ
յ⋞㛵࣮࣭࣍ࣝ㝵ẁᐊ
ղᐊ ճὙ㠃࣭ᾎᐊ մࢺࣞ ձ/'.
㢼㔞m3/h
Ẽᅇᩘ
ᅇK
ռእẼ
ն⣡ᡞ
շὒᐊ$༡す㸧
ոὒᐊ&ᮾ㸧
պὒᐊ%༡ᮾ㸧 ջ)࣮࣍ࣝ
յ⋞㛵࣮࣭࣍ࣝ㝵ẁᐊ ջ )࣮࣍ࣝ
չࢺࣞ
㸦᭷ຠΰྜᐜ✚P㸧
ᮏከᩘᐊẼ ᐃἲࡣࣁ࣮ࢻ࢙࢘㛵ࡋ࡚㛤Ⓨㄢ㢟 ࡀṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬⌧≧࡛ࡣ࢞ࢫ⃰ᗘศᯒィࡀ1ಶ࡛ከᩘ
ᐊࡢࢺ࣮ࣞࢧ࢞ࢫ⃰ᗘࢆィࡿࡓࡵ㸪ྛᐊࡽከⅬ✵Ẽ᥇
ྲྀษ᭰ჾࡲ࡛ࢳ࣮ࣗࣈࢆ㓄⨨ࡋ࡚࠾ࡁ㸪1ศẖ྾ᘬࡍࡿ
ᐊࢆษࡾ᭰࠼ࡿ㸬ᚑࡗ࡚ఫᏯつᶍ࡛ࡶᩘ༑࣓࣮ࢺࣝ࡞ࡿ
ࢳ࣮ࣗࣈࢆ㓄⨨ࡍࡿᡭ㛫ࡀᐇ⏝ᛶࢆᦆࡡࡿୖ㸪ᮏ᮶ࡣ
ᐊࡢྠⓗ࡛㐃⥆ⓗ࡞࢞ࢫ⃰ᗘࡀᚲせ࡞ࡇࢁࢆ㸪ఱศ
࠾ࡁࡢ ᐃ್࡛┤⥺⿵㛫㏆ఝࡍࡿࡇࡼࡿㄗᕪ࡞ࡢ ḞⅬࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ᅗ10♧ࡍᵝ㸪࢞ࢫᨺฟჾศᯒ ჾࢆ1ࡘࡢ⟽ࢥࣥࣃࢡࢺࡲࡵࡓࡶࡢࢆᐊᩘศ⏝ព ࡋྛᐊศᩓࡋ࡚⨨ࡃศᩓᆺࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᨵⰋࡋࡓ࠸
⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
࢞ࢫᨺฟ࢞ࢫ⃰ᗘࡢ ᐃ⨨ࢆྛᐊศᩓ㓄⨨
㸯㸮㸬࠾ࢃࡾ
ᘓタᕤᏛࢆศゎࡍࢀࡤ㸪ࡼࡾᇶ♏ⓗ࡞ࡢᕤᏛࡢᐤࡏ 㞟ࡵ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᘓタᕤᏛ⊂⮬ࡢࡶࡢࡣ↓࠸ゝࢃࢀࡿࡇ
ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋࡋⰋ࠸ᘓ≀タഛࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶⰋ࠸
ᮦᩱࡸ㒊ရࡸタഛᶵჾࢆ࠼ࡤ࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡇ
ࢀࡽࡢ᭱㐺࡞⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࢆ⪃࠼ࡿᘓ⠏ィ⏬タィࡢⰋࡋ ᝏࡋࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡘࡲࡾ᭱㐺࡞⥲ྜࡢ᪉ࡀ㔜せ
࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᘓタᕤᏛࡢ୍ࡘࡢᏑᅾព⩏ࡶ᭱㐺⥲ྜᢏ⾡
࠶ࡿゝ࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺㸬ᚑࡗ࡚ᘓ⠏⎔ቃᕤᏛࡢィ⟬ࣔࢹࣝ
➼ࡶ㸪ཎ⌮ⓗ࡞⌧㇟ࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿศᯒⓗ࡞ࣔࢹࣝࡔࡅ࡛࡞
ࡃ㸪ᘓ≀タഛࡢయⓗ࡛ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ⓗ࡞ᣲືࢆ᳨ウ࡛ࡁ
ࡿከඖ㐃❧᪉⛬ᘧⓗ࡞ࣔࢹࣝࡀ㔜せ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠺㸬 ࡇࡢᚿྥࡢࣔࢹࣝࡢ୍ࡘࡋ࡚⇕࣭Ẽᅇ㊰⥙ࣔࢹࣝࡢ ᴫᛕࡼࡿ≧ែ✵㛫᪉⛬ᘧࣔࢹࣝࡀୖࡆࡽࢀࡿᛮ࠺㸬
⌮ㄽయ⣔ࡣᅗ11♧ࡍࡈࡃ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ṧࡉࢀࡓ⌮ㄽ ㄢ㢟㛤Ⓨⓗ࡞ㄢ㢟ࡣከ࠸㸬ఏ⇕ࡸẼࡣᵝࠎ࡞ᕤᏛศ 㔝ඹ㏻ࡍࡿၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪➹⪅ࡢ⤂ࡍࡿࣔࢹࣝࡀ
ࡢศ㔝࡛ࡶఱࡢཧ⪃࡞ࢀࡤᖾ࠸࡛࠶ࡿ㸬࡞࠾ศ㔝 ࡢ᪉ࡶ࡞ࡿࡃศࡾ᫆ࡃ㏙ࡓࡘࡶࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪⣬
ᖜࡢ㛵ಀ࡛༑ศࡶࡋࢀࡎ㸪࠾チࡋ㢪࠸ࡓ࠸㸬
≧ែ✵㛫ἲ
⇕ᅇ㊰⥙䝰䝕䝹 タィᢏ⾡ ᭱㐺⌮ㄽ
ᐃᢏ⾡ ไᚚᢏ⾡
᭱㐺ไᚚ⌮ㄽ 1(76
62&6 䝅䝇䝔䝮ྠᐃ⌮ㄽ
63,' 䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁 ᅗ㸶 ᐊ㻸㻰㻷࡛ࡢ࢞ࢫὀධὶ㔞⃰ᗘࡢኚ
ᅗ㸷 㢼㔞᭷ຠΰྜᐜ✚ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ྠᐃ⤖ᯝ
ᅗ ከᩘᐊẼ ᐃࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᨵⰋ
ᅗ ⌮ㄽయ⣔
<ㅰ㎡>
ࡇࡢ⇕࣭Ẽᅇ㊰⥙ࣔࢹࣝᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ㸪ࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ◊✲
ᒎ㛤ࡢሙࢆ࠼࡚㡬࠸ࡓ⚄ዉᕝᏛឤㅰࡍࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ ᙜึ◊✲ࡢⓎࢆ࠼࡚㡬࠸ࡓ᪩✄⏣Ꮫ㸪㛤Ⓨࡢሙ
ࢆ࠼࡚㡬࠸ࡓΎỈᘓタ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ጤク◊✲➼࡛㛤Ⓨࡢ㈨
※ࢆ࠼࡚ୗࡉࡗࡓᪧ㏻⏘┬ࡢࣁ࢘ࢫࢪࣕࣃ࣭ࣥࣉࣟࢪ
࢙ࢡࢺከࡃࡢᴗ㸪◊✲ୖࡢᚚᩍ♧㆟ㄽࢆ㡬࠸ࡓᏛ
ࡸጤဨ࡛ࡢ᪉ࠎ㸪ࡉࡽࡇࡢ⤒⦋࡛࠾ୡヰ࡞ࡗࡓ㸪 ᮏᩥཧ⪃ᩥ⊩࡛ࡣ㏙ᑾࡃࡏ࡞ࡗࡓከࡃࡢ᪉ࠎࡶ
ឤㅰࡍࡿ㸬
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
[1] Pipes,L.A."Matrix Analysis of Heat Transfer Problems",Journal of Franklin Institute, Mar.1957
[2] Mitalas,G.P. and Stepenson,D.G."Room Thermal Response Factors",ASHRAE Transaction Vol.73,Part 1,1967
[3] Clarke J A ," Prospects for Truly Integrated Building Performance Simulation", Sixth International IBPSA Conference(BS99), Kyoto, Japan, September 1999, Vol.3,pp1147-1154
[4] Edward F. Sowell, Philip Haves, "Numerical Performance of The Spark Graph-Theoretic Simulation Program", Sixth International IBPSA Conference(BS99), Kyoto, Japan, September 1999, Vol.1,pp53-60 [5] Solar Energy Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison:"Modeling of Solar Heating and Air Conditioning", NSF/RANN/SE/GI/34029/PR/72/4,1972.
[6] Julius T. Tou, (⩻ヂ) ୰ᮧᖹ, ఀ⸨ṇ⨾, ᯇᑿຮ, "⌧௦ไᚚ⌮
ㄽ" ࢥࣟࢼ♫, 1969, ➨㸱∧
[7] Helmut E.Feustel,Juergen Dieris,"A Survey of Air Flow Models for Multi-zone Structures",Indoor Environment Program Applied Science Division,Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory,Berkeley,CA 94720,USA,Mar.1991,LBL-30288,UC-350
[8] D.V.Pryor and C.Byron Winn:"A Sequential filter used for parameter estimation in a passive solar system",Solar Energy Vol.28, No.1, 1982, pp65-73
[9] ዟᒣ༤ᗣ,"୍⯡ᣑᩓࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᅇ㊰⥙ࡼࡿ≧ែ✵㛫᪉⛬ᘧ
ࡑࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡢྠᐃ⌮ㄽ㸦ࡑࡢ㸰:᭷㝈せ⣲ἲࡼࡿ
ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡢ㏫᥈ၥ㢟ࡢ㐺⏝㸧",᪥ᮏᘓ⠏ᏛᏛ
⾡ㅮ₇᱾ᴫ㞟,1984ᖺ10᭶,pp.657-658
[10] Frank W. Sinden: "Multi-Chamber Theory of Air Infiltration", Building and Environment, Vol.13, Pergamon Press 1978, pp21-29 [11] David Etheridge, Mats Sandberg,"Building Ventilation: Theory and Measurement",John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 1996
[12]) Hiroyasu Okuyama,"System Identification Theory of the Thermal Network Model and an Application for Multi-chamber Airflow Measurement",Building and Environment, Vol.25, No.4, pp349-363,
1990
[13] Lars Jensen,"Determination of Flows and Volumes in Multiple Cell Systems",Paper to ROOMVENT-87,Report BKL 1987:3(E),Lund Institute of Technology
[14] Charles L. Lawson, Richard J. Hanson," Solving Least Squares Problems", Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1974, ISBN 0 89871 356 0 (pbk.)
[15] Hiroyasu Okuyama,"Recent Progress on the Multi-Chamber Airflow Measurement System",ISRACVE(International Symposium on Room Air Convection and Ventilation Effectiveness),July 1992, Tokyo,Japan,pp.351-356
[16] Takao Sawachi, Haruki Osawa, Hironao Seto, Yoshinori Taniguchi and Shigeki Onishi: "A New Experimental Approach for the Evaluation of Domestic Ventilation Systems, Part 1 - Description of experimental Facilities and Their Application to the Quantification of Buoyancy-Driven Airflow in Two-Story Houses",ASHRAE Transactions, 1998 Part 1, pp570-584
[17] ዟᒣ༤ᗣ,⇕ᅇ㊰⥙ࡢཎ㧗ḟ≧ែ᪉⛬ᘧࣔࢹࣝࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࣃ
࣓࣮ࣛࢱྠᐃࢆ≧ែኚᩘࡢ㧗㝵ᚤศࡼࡿపḟ᪉⛬ᘧࢩࢫࢸ
࣒ࡢほ ࡽ⾜࠺⌮ㄽࡢᒎ㛤,✵Ẽㄪ㺃⾨⏕ᕤᏛᏛ⾡ㅮ₇
ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ㞟,F-9,2004ᖺ9᭶,pp437-440
[18] Hiroyasu Okuyama, et al., “System parameter identification theory and uncertainty analysis methods for multi-zone building heat transfer and infiltration”, Building and Environment, Elsevier, Volume 54, August 2012, Pages 39–52
[19] Hiroyasu Okuyama, Yoshinori Onishi, Shin-ichi Tanabe, Seiichi Kashihara, Statistical data analysis method for multi-zonal airflow measurement using multiple kinds of perfluorocarbon tracer gas, Building and Environment, Vol.44, 2009, pp546–557
[20] JIS A2201. Test method for performance of building airtightness by fan pressurization,Annex 3 (informative). Calculation of a, n and the confidence intervals. 1st ed; 2003-4-1
[21] ISO 9972. Thermal performance of buildings - determination of air permeability of buildings - fan pressurization method, Annex C (informative). Recommended procedure for estimating uncertainty in derived quantities. 2nd ed;2006-05-01.
[22] Hiroyasu Okuyama, et al. ,“Reconsideration of parameter estimation and reliability evaluation methods for building airtightness measurement using fan pressurization”, Building and Environment, Elsevier, Volume 47, January 2012, Pages 373–384
[23] ISO 12569. Thermal performance of buildings - determination of air change in buildings - tracer gas dilution method, 6.1 calculation of air change rate, p8, Annex C (informative). Confidence intervals, pp14-15, annex D (informative).1st ed.; November 2000. Propagation of error analysis, pp. 16-17.
[24] Hiroyasu Okuyama, et al., “Uncertainty analysis and optimum concentration decay term for air exchange rate measurements:
Estimation methods for effective volume and infiltration rate”, Building and Environment, Elsevier, Volume 49, March 2012, Pages 182–192.
[25] D.H.Owens, "Multivariable and Optimal Systems",Academic Press, 1981, ISBN 0 12 531720 4
[26] Hiroyasu Okuyama,"Optimization Theory for State and Energy Supply Based on a Heat and Moisture Transfer Network Model and
Numerical Investigation",Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, volume (2), 1996, pp485-490
[27] Hiroyasu Okuyama, "Thermal and Airflow Network Simulation Program NETS" Proceedings of the 6th International IBPSA Conference (Building Simulation '99), Kyoto, September 1999, pp1237-1244
[28] ዟᒣ༤ᗣ,"ᘓ⠏≀ࡢ⇕ᅇ㊰⥙ࣔࢹࣝ㛵ࡍࡿ⌮ㄽⓗ◊✲",༤
ኈྕᏛㄽᩥ,᪩✄⏣Ꮫ,1987ᖺ12᭶