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୰ᅜ࡛ࡢᏛ⾡㉳ᴗ㸦 AE 㸧࡟ࡼࡿᐇ㊶ⓗ▱㈈ᩍ⫱ࡢ஦౛ሗ࿌ †

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䛆䝅䝵䞊䝖䝺䝍䞊䛇㻌

୰ᅜ࡛ࡢᏛ⾡㉳ᴗ㸦 AE 㸧࡟ࡼࡿᐇ㊶ⓗ▱㈈ᩍ⫱ࡢ஦౛ሗ࿌ †

㝞 ឡ⳹*࣭ᯇᒸ Ᏺ*2࣭ᒸ⏣ ᘅྖ*3࣭ୡⰋ Ύ*4 㔜៞኱Ꮫ⤒῭୚ᕤၟ⟶⌮Ꮫ㝔*࣭୕㔜኱Ꮫᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊*2࣭ᮾி⚟♴኱Ꮫ࣭኱Ꮫ㝔♫఍⚟♴Ꮫ㒊*3࣭୕㔜┴❧ὠၟᴗ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ*4

୰ᅜ࡛ࡢᏛ⾡㉳ᴗ㸦AE㸧άື࡬ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡸࡑࡢ⫼ᬒࢆᴫほࡋ㸪Q኱Ꮫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ஧ࡘࡢAEࡢ஦౛

ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆ㸪▱㈈ᩍ⫱ࡀ⮬↛࡟AEάືࡢ୰࡟⧊㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ゎ᫂ࡋࡓ㸬 ࡉࡽ࡟㸪AEάື࡟ᑐࡋ࡚኱Ꮫ࡛ࡢཷࡅධࢀ⎔ቃࡢ≧ἣ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠸㸪AEάືࡀ኱

Ꮫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ▱㈈ᩍ⫱ࡸ▱㈈ேᮦ⫱ᡂࡢ᭷ຠ࡞࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬

࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸Ꮫ⾡㉳ᴗ㸪࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ㸪▱㈈ᩍ⫱

ࡣࡌࡵ࡟

▱㈈ᩍ⫱ࡣ㸪⌮ㄽࢆᩍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢࡳ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ᐇ㊶ⓗ

࡞Ꮫ⏕ཧຍᆺᏛ⩦ࡢ࡯࠺ࡀຠᯝⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡢ㆟ㄽࡀከࡃ

࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡘࡲࡾࢣ࣮ࢫࢫࢱࢹ࢕ࡸ㸪ᐇ㝿ⓗ࡞

ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿ୰࡟▱㈈࡟㛵ࢃࡿෆᐜࢆ⮬↛࡟

⧊ࡾ㎸ࡳ㸪ࡑࡇ࡛Ꮫ⏕࡟▱㈈ࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼ࡉࡏ㸪࣮࣏࢟

࢖ࣥࢺࢆ᠈࠼ࡉࡏࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪኱Ꮫࡢ୰࡛ࡣ㸪 ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᐇົⓗ࡞▱㈈ࠕᩍᮦࠖࡢ☜ಖࡀ࡞࠿࡞࠿㞴ࡋ

࠸㸬ᩍဨࡢᐇົ⤒㦂ࡢ୙㊊ࡸ㸪௻ᴗ⛎ᐦ࡟㛵ࢃࡾྲྀᮦࡀ 㞴ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜࡞࡝ࡀࡑࡢ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ㸬࢔࣓ࣜ࢝

ࢆࡣࡌࡵ㸪኱ᏛⓎ࣋ࣥࢳ࣮ࣕ௻ᴗ㸪≉࡟Ꮫ⾡㉳ᴗ 㸦Academic Entrepreneurship㸪௨ୗAE࡜␎ࡍ㸧ࡀྛ

ᅜ࡛ᨻ⟇ⓗ࡟ಁ㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪୰ᅜす༡㒊࡟఩

⨨ࡍࡿQ኱ᏛࡢAEάືࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆ㸪኱ᏛⓎ࣋ࣥࢳ࣮ࣕ

௻ᴗࡢ▱㈈ᩍ⫱㸪▱㈈ேᮦ⫱ᡂࡢ஦౛ࢆሗ࿌ࡍࡿ㸬

୰ᅜࡢ $( άື࡬ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ

㏆ᖺ㸪⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠ㸪኱ᏛⓎ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ㸪኱ᏛⓎ࣋ࣥ

ࢳ࣮ࣕ࡞࡝㸪Ꮫ⾡ୡ⏺࡜ࣅࢪࢿࢫୡ⏺࡜ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄ AE ά

ືࡀ኱࠸࡟ὀ┠ࢆᾎࡧ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Shane, 2004㸧㸬1960ᖺ௦

࡟ AE ࡜࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡀࡍ࡛࡟ᥦ㉳ࡉࢀ㸪◊✲୍➽ࡢᏛ⾡◊

✲⪅࡜㐪࠸㸪ᖖ࡟࣐࣮ࢣࢵࢺ࡟ὀ┠ࡋ㸪ࣅࢪࢿࢫࢳࣕࣥ

ࢫࢆࡘ࠿ࡳ㸪බඹ஦ᴗࡸ௻ᴗ⤒Ⴀ࡟ࡶᚑ஦ࡍࡿ◊✲⪅ࡀ ฟ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪1989ᖺ࡟࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢEtzkowitzẶ ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⾡㉳ᴗ⪅ࡢ≉ᚩࡢ࡯࠿㸪㉳ᴗᆺ኱Ꮫ࡜࠸࠺ᴫᛕࢆ

ᥦ㉳ࡋࡓ㸬ࠕᨻᗓ࠿ࡽຓᡂ㔠ࢆᚓࡓ኱Ꮫཬࡧࡑࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮

࡟ᑐࡋ㸪▱㆑࡟ࡼࡿ㈨㔠ࡢ⋓ᚓ࡬ࡢ⯆࿡ࢆ㧗ࡵ㸪Ꮫ⾡ᶵ 㛵࡜௻ᴗࡢ㛫ࡢቃ⏺ࡣ᫂☜࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ㄆ㆑ࢆ

ᣢࡓࡏࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ୰࡛㸪௻ᴗ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⤌⧊ࡣ㸪▱㆑࡬ࡢ᥈ ồ㸪⤒῭ⓗᛂ⏝㸪࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢࣜࢱ࣮ࣥࡢ㛫ࡢ⥭ᐦ࡞ࢥࢿ

ࢡࢩࣙࣥࢆᣢࡘ㸬ࠖ࡜࠸࠺㸦Etzkowitz, 2003㸧㸬࢔࣓ࣜ࢝

ࡢሙྜ㸪኱ᏛⓎ࣋ࣥࢳ࣮ࣕࡣ2004ᖺࡢ4,538♫࠿ࡽ2013

ᖺ࡟ࡣ10,525♫࡟ቑ࠼ࡓ㸬ẚ⋡ࡶᚎࠎ࡟㧗ࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪࢔࣓

ࣜ࢝࣋ࣥࢳ࣮ࣕ࢟ࣕࣆࢱࣝࡢ඲యࡢ20.0%࡟㐩ࡋࡓ㸬

୰ᅜᨻᗓ࡛ࡣ㸪᪤࡟1990ᖺ௦࠿ࡽ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࡢ◊✲ᡂᯝ ࡢᐇ♫఍࡬ࡢᛂ⏝࡟ຊࢆὀࡂ㸪ࠕಁ㐍⛉ᢏᡂᯝ⛣㌿ἲࠖ1)

࡜࠸ࡗࡓᅜࡢἲᚊࢆࡣࡌࡵ㸪ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᨻ⟇ࡀไᐃࡉࢀ

࡚ࡁࡓ㸬30ᖺ㏆ࡃ⤒ࡕ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ാࡁ᥃ࡅࡢࡶ࡜࡛㸪࠶ࡿ

⛬ᗘࡢᡂᯝࡶࡳࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ᮍࡔ⌮᝿ⓗ࡞≧

ែ࡟㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁࡓ࡜ࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸㸬

୍᪉㸪኱Ꮫ࡟ࡼࡿ≉チࢆࡳࡿ࡜㸪㉁㸪㔞࡜ࡶᚎࠎ࡟ୖ

᪼ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࠕ2012 ᖺ඲ᅜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ᡂᯝ⤫ィሗ࿌ࠖ࡟ࡼ

ࡿ࡜㸪ᅜᐙࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡂᯝࡀ51,723௳࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪 ࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ௻ᴗ࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢࡣ 40.4㸣㸪኱Ꮫ࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢࡣ 9,837௳࡛㸪඲యࡢ19.0㸣ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

ࡲࡓ㸪≉チࡢⓏ㘓≧ἣࢆࡳࡿ࡜㸪2012 ᖺࡢ᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡣ㸪

Ⓩ㘓௳ᩘࡀ74,550௳࡛࠶ࡾ㸪2008ᖺࡢ3.9ಸ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸

ࡿ㸬ࡓࡔࡋࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡣ㸪ᢏ⾡ࡀ⛣㌿ࡉࢀ㸪ᐇ⏝໬ࡉࢀࡿ

ࢣ࣮ࢫࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪኱༙ࡣㄽᩥ࡜ྠࡌࡃᩍဨࡢᐇ⦼࡟ࡘ

࡞ࡀࡿࡓࡵ㸪≉チⓏ㘓ࢆ୺┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅࡢࡶࡢ࡛

࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿ㸦㝞࡯࠿㸪2014㸧㸬ࡇࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢ≉

チࡣ㸪ᐇ㝿ࡢᛂ⏝ࡀࡁࡕࢇ࡜⪃៖ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃ㸪ᐇ᪋

ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬≉チ࡟ࡼࡿᣦᶆࡣ㸪ᩍ ဨࡢホ౯ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪኱Ꮫࡢホ౯࡟ࡶ┤᥋ⓗ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀ

ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ㸪2017ᖺ㸪Ṋ⸽㐃Ặࡣ㸪୰ᅜ኱

Ꮫ≉チⓏ㘓ࣛࣥ࢟ࣥࢢ࡜୰ᅜ኱Ꮫ≉チཷ㈹ࣛࣥ࢟ࣥࢢࢆ

Ⓨ⾲ࡋ㸪኱࠸࡟ὀ┠ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪≉チⓏ㘓ࡢ

௳ᩘࡣύỤ኱Ꮫࡀ➨1఩࡛㸪Ύ⳹኱Ꮫࡣ➨2఩࡛࠶ࡾ㸪

ࡲࡓ≉チཷ㈹ࡢ≧ἣࢆぢࡿ࡜㸪Ύ⳹኱Ꮫࡣ➨1 ఩࡛㸪⳹

༡⌮ᕤ኱Ꮫࡀ➨ 2఩࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡞࡝㸪኱Ꮫࡢ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ࡢ ᐇຊࡢド᫂࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿ㸬

ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪኱Ꮫࡀྲྀᚓࡋࡓ≉チࡀ㸪ᐇ㝿࡟ࣛ࢖ࢭࣥࢫࡉ

ࢀ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ〇ရ໬ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡣ㸪ࢃࡎ࠿5.0%ࡋ࠿࡞࠸㸬

኱Ꮫ࡛⏕ࡲࢀࡓᢏ⾡ࢆࡼࡾ♫఍࡟㈉⊩࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪୰

- 73 -

三重大学高等教育研究 2018,第24号,73-76頁

(2)

ᅜᨻᗓࡣᢏ⾡⛣㌿ἲࡢᨵṇ࡬ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆጞࡵࡓ㸬᪂ࡓ

࡞ᢏ⾡⛣㌿ἲࡢᨵṇࢆዎᶵ࡟㸪ᩍ⫱㒊ࡣ2016ᖺࠕ኱Ꮫ⛉

Ꮫᢏ⾡⛣㌿ࡢᙉ໬࡟㛵ࡍࡿពぢࠖࢆⓎ⾲ࡋ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪ྠᖺ ᅜົ㝔ࡣࠕ▱㆑౯್ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓ㓄ศᨻ⟇ࡢᐇ⾜࡟㛵ࡍ

ࡿពぢࠖࢆබᕸࡋ㸪ᢏ⾡⛣㌿࡟ࡼࡿ฼┈㓄ศࡢᨻ⟇ࢆㄪ

ᩚࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ᛂ⏝ᆺ◊✲⪅ࡢ AE άື࡬ࡢ࢖ࣥࢭ

ࣥࢸ࢕ࣈࢆ㧗ࡵࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ලయⓗ࡟ࡣ୍⯡ⓗ࡟ᐇ

᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ᅜࡢไᗘ࡜ࡋ࡚኱Ꮫࡢ◊✲

⪅ࡸᩍဨࡢව⫋ࢆㄆࡵࡓ㸬≉➹ࡍ࡭ࡁ஦㡯࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᛂ⏝

ᆺ◊✲⪅ࡀ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢ◊✲ᡂᯝࢆᐇ⏝໬ࡋ㸪ࡑࢀ࡟క࠺

฼┈ࡢྲྀᚓࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ㸬

୍᪉㸪୰ᅜ඲ᅜࡢ኱Ꮫ༞ᴗ⏕ࡣ2001ᖺ࡟ࡣ114୓ே࡛

࠶ࡗࡓࡀᛴ㏿࡟ቑ࠼㸪2016ᖺ࡟765୓ே㸪2017ᖺ࡟ࡣ 795୓ே࡟⭾ࢀୖࡀࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ༞ᴗ⏕ࡢᑵ⫋ࡀ୍ᒙཝࡋ ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࠕ኱⾗๰ᴗ࣭୓⾗๰᪂㸦኱⾗ࡢ㉳ᴗ㸪୓ேࡢ࢖

ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ㸧ࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ୰ᅜࡢᅜᐙⓎᒎ᥎㐍ᡓ␎ࡣ㉳ᴗ

࡜࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᢤᮏⓗ࡞ᨵ㠉࡟ᢿ㌴ࢆ᥃ࡅࡓ㸬 ࠕ඲ᅜ኱Ꮫ⏕࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ㉳ᴗ㐃┕ࠖࡢタ❧ࡸ㸪ࠕ኱Ꮫ

⏕࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ㉳ᴗࢥࣥࢸࢫࢺࠖࡢ㛤ദ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪2017 ᖺ࡟ࡣᩍ⫱㒊ࡢ୺ദ࡛࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ࡜㉳ᴗࡢࣔࢹࣝ኱

Ꮫࡀ඲ᅜ࡛50࠿ᡤࡀ㑅ࡤࢀࡓࡇ࡜࡞࡝ࡢ୍㐃ࡢືࡁࡀጞ

ࡲࡗࡓ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪඲ᅜⓗ࡟ࠕ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ࡜㉳ᴗᏛ㝔ࠖ

タ❧ࡢࣈ࣮࣒ࢆ㏄࠼㸪ᨻ⟇ࡢ㠃࡛኱Ꮫ⏕ࡸ◊✲⪅ࡢ㉳ᴗ άືࡀᒎ㛤ࡋࡸࡍ࠸⎔ቃ࡙ࡃࡾࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ2)

஦౛

௨ୖࡢ⫼ᬒࡢୗ࡟ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪༏ྡࢆ᮲௳࡟࢖ࣥࢱࣅࣗ

࣮ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓ୰ᅜす༡㒊࡟࠶ࡿQ኱Ꮫࡢᡂຌࡋ ࡓAEάືࡢ2஦౛ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࢆ㏻

ࡋ࡚㸪ࣉࣟࢭࢫཬࡧᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡓせ⣲ࢆ᫂☜࡟ࡋࡓୖ࡛㸪

▱㈈ᩍ⫱ࢆ࠸࠿࡟AEάື࡟ᾐ㏱ࡉࡏࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウ ࡍࡿ㸬

஦౛

࠙ᇶᮏ≧ἣࠚPᩍᤵࡣ㸪Q኱Ꮫᘓ⠏Ꮫ㝔ࡢᩍᤵ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪

୰ᅜᘓ⠏㒊࡟ᡤᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᪂ᆺᮦᩱ〇ရᛂ⏝ᢏ⾡ᑓ㛛ጤ ဨ఍ࡢጤဨ㸪ᘓ⠏≀ࡢ┬࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡛ࡢᅜᐙࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᑓ 㛛ᐙࡢ୍ே࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸬࢔࢝ࢹ࣑ࢵࢡࡢ㠃࡛ࡣ㸪◊✲ᡂᯝ

ࢆከࡃᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ࡯࠿㸪2006 ᖺ㸪ࠕ᩿⇕ᆺࣔࣝࢱࣝ࠾ࡼ

ࡧࡑࡢ〇㐀ἲࠖ࡜࠸࠺≉チࢆ฼⏝ࡋ㸪W♫ࢆタ❧ࡋࡓ㸬

඾ᆺⓗ࡞AE࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛㸪஦౛࡜ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿࡇ࡜࡟

ࡋ㸪2017ᖺ3᭶1᪥༗ᚋ4᫬㸫5᫬㸪W♫ࡢPᩍᤵࡢ

࢜ࣇ࢕ࢫ࡛࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬

࠙㉳ᴗࡢືᶵࠚ2006ᖺ㸪Qᕷ࡛┬࢚ࢿࡢᘓ⠏ᇶ‽ࢆỴࡵ㸪 ᪂⠏ࡢࡳ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪඲࡚ࡢᘓ⠏≀࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᇶ‽ࢆ‶ࡓࡍ ࡇ࡜ࡀせồࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ᙜ᫬㸪P ᩍᤵࡣ๓㏙ࡢ≉チฟ㢪

ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛㸪ࡑࡢᢏ⾡ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚ࢳ࣮

࣒ࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮㸦ࡍ࡭࡚ྠࡌ኱Ꮫࡢⱝᡭ◊✲⪅㸧࡜୍⥴࡟

㉳ᴗࡋࡓ㸬ࠕඈࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡼࡾ㸪⮬ࡽࡢ◊✲ᡂᯝࢆᐇ⌧࡛ࡁ

ࡿࡇ࡜ࠖࡀ᭱ࡶ኱ࡁ࡞ືᶵࡔࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺㸬

࠙㉳ᴗࡢ⎔ቃࠚᨻ⟇ࡢ㠃࡛ࡣಁ㐍⛉ᢏᡂᯝ⛣㌿ἲ࡟ᐃࡵ

ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ㸪ᙜ᫬ࡢ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ㔜どࡉࢀࡎ㸪኱Ꮫ

࡛ࡢAEࢣ࣮ࢫࡀ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪Pᩍᤵ

ࡽࡣ㸪࠶ࡲࡾබ࡟ࡏࡎ㸪Ỉ㠃ୗ࡛⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦ୖྖࡸྠ

൉ࡍࡽศࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸧㸬Aᩍᤵࡢヰ࡛ࡣࠕኻᩋࡋࡓࡽ㸪 ლ➗ࡉࢀࡿࡋ㸪ᡂຌࡋࡓࡽ㸪⩎ࡲࡋࡀࡽࢀࡿࠖࡢ࡛㸪ᚲ せ௨ୖ࡟ே࡟ヰࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬኱Ꮫ࠿ࡽṇᘧ࡞チྍ

ࢆࡶࡽࡗ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ㸪ᙜ↛ࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡶ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞

࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺㸬

ࡲࡓ㸪ඛ⾜ᩥ⊩㸦Clarysse, 2007㸧࡟ࡶᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ

ࡼ࠺࡟㸪AE࡟࠾࠸࡚᭱ࡶᅔ㞴࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࡢࡣ㸪㈨㔠ࡢ⋓

ᚓ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬㈨㔠ࡢ౪⤥ഃ࡜ᢏ⾡ࡢ౪⤥ഃ࡜ࡢ᝟ሗࡢ୙ᩚ

ྜࡢࡓࡵ࡟⚾ⓗ㈨㔠ࡢ⋓ᚓࡢᶵ఍ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛

ᅜࡢ㈨㔠ࡢὶ⏝ࡣ⚗Ṇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ูࡢせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪እ 㒊࠿ࡽࡢ⚾ⓗ㈨㔠ࡢὶධ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪◊✲ࡢ᪉ྥࡢ⮬⏤ᗘࡀ ጉࡆࡽࢀࡿᠱᛕࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪P ᩍᤵࡽࡣ㸪⮬ࡽ㈨㔠ࢆ㞟ࡵ㸪

఍♫ࢆ❧ࡕୖࡆࡓ㸬

࠙▱㈈๰ฟࡢᩍ⫱ࠚP ᩍᤵࡣ㛗ᖺ㸪┬࢚ࢿᘓ⠏ࡢ◊✲ࢆ

⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ᅜෆእ࡛㸪80ᮏࡢᏛ⾡ㄽᩥࢆฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡯

࠿㸪ᅜࣞ࣋ࣝࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡟ከᩘཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ᮏ௳ࡢ

ࣔࣝࢱࣝ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ≉チࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ◊✲ᡂᯝࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ࡑࢀࡣPᩍᤵ୍ேࡢࡳ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࢳ࣮࣒࡛㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁࡓᡂ ᯝ࡜࠸࠺㸬ࡑࡢࢳ࣮࣒ࡣ㸪Pᩍᤵࢆ୰ᚰ࡟㸪Q኱Ꮫᘓ⠏

Ꮫ㝔ࡢⱝᡭ◊✲⪅4ྡ㸪኱Ꮫ㝔⏕9ྡ㸪ࡲࡓ୍㒊ඃ⚽࡞

Ꮫ㒊⏕2ྡࡶཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬Pᩍᤵࡢ㝔⏕ࡣ㸪࡯࡜ࢇ࡝

W♫࡛ᐇ⩦ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪࢔࢖ࢹ࢕࢔

ࢆヰࡋྜ࠸㸪ࡲࡓ఍♫ࡢᢏ⾡࣑࣮ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ࡟ཧຍࡋࡓࡾ㸪 ሙྜ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪㢳ᐈ࡜ࡢ᥋ゐࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪࢔࢖ࢹ࢕࢔㸪ᢏ

⾡࡜࣐࣮ࢣࢵࢺࡀ࠸࠿࡟⧅ࡀࡿ࠿ࢆᐇឤࡉࡏࡽࢀࡓ࡜࠸

࠺㸬P ᩍᤵ㛛ୗࡢᏛ⏕ࡀᑵ⫋ࡋࡸࡍ࠸࡜ࡢホุࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪 ẖᖺ◊✲ࢳ࣮࣒࡟ཧຍࢆᕼᮃࡍࡿᏛ⏕ࡀከᩘ࠸ࡿ㸬

࠙▱㈈ᶒ฼໬ࡢᩍ⫱ࠚᙜ᫬㸪⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ᡂᯝ⛣㌿ᐊࡀࡲࡔ タ⨨ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬≉チฎ࡜࠸࠺ฟ㢪࡟༠ຊࡍࡿ㒊 㛛ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ฟ㢪ࡢ❆ཱྀ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢཷ⌮ᶵ⬟࡟㝈ࡗ࡚࠸

ࡓ㸬ࡸࡴࢆᚓࡎ㸪P ᩍᤵࡽࡣ⮬ศࡓࡕ୍࡛࠿ࡽ≉チࢆຮ ᙉࡋ㸪ᘚ⌮ኈ஦ົᡤࡢ༠ຊ࡛᫂⣽᭩ࢆ᭩ࡁ㸪ฟ㢪ࡋ࡚࠸

ࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ᫬㸪㝔⏕ࡓࡕ࡟ࢻ࣓࢟ࣗࣥࢺࢆㄪ࡭࡚ࡶࡽࡗࡓ㸬 ᢏ⾡⪅࡜ࡋ࡚㸪≉チࡢᇶᮏ▱㆑ࢆ▱ࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸

࡜Pᩍᤵࡀࡼࡃᙉㄪࡋ㸪Ꮫ⏕࡟᫂⣽᭩ࡢ௙⤌ࡳ㸪ࢡ࣮ࣞ

࣒⠊ᅖࡢゎ㔘㸪ࡲࡓ≉チ࣐ࢵࣉࡢస〇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࣉࣟࢢ

࣒ࣛࡢ㐍ᒎ࡟క࠸㸪ࢸู࣮࣐࡟⡆༢࡞ㄝ᫂ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬

࠙▱㈈ά⏝ࡢᩍ⫱ࠚ኱Ꮫࡢไᗘ࡛ࡣ㸪◊✲ᡂᯝ࡟ࡼࡿ≉

㒸ޓᗲ⪇࡮᧻ጟޓ቞࡮ጟ↰ޓᑝม࡮਎⦟ޓᷡ

- 74 -

(3)

チฟ㢪ࡢᶒ฼⪅ࡣ኱Ꮫ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬P ᩍᤵ࡟ࡣ㸪Ⓨ᫂

⪅࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࢃࡎ࠿࡞ࣛ࢖ࢭࣥࢫᩱࡀᨭᡶࢃࢀ㸪኱Ꮫ࠿ࡽ

≉チࡢ౑⏝ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪W♫ࡢୗㄳࡅ࡟ᩘ♫ࡀ

ࣛ࢖ࢭࣥࢫࢆྲྀᚓࡋ㸪〇㐀ࡶᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ㒊ศ࡟

ࡘ࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⏕ࡣ┤᥋㛵୚ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࠕࡑࡢ㞺ᅖẼࠖࡣ ឤࡌྲྀࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

࠙ᐇ㝿ࡢ㐠Ⴀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠚAE࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᩍဨ㸪◊✲⪅㸪 ࡉࡽ࡟௻ᴗᐙ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ୕ࡘࡢ❧ሙࡀ㔜࡞ࡾ㸪㡰 ㄪ࡟㐍ࡵࡽࢀࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ᠱᛕࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ㸬P ᩍᤵࡣࠕ఍♫

ࢆసࡗࡓ࠿ࡽ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚㸪ᡃࠎࡢ୺せ࡞┠ⓗࡣඈࡅࡿࡇ࡜

࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪⮬ศࡢ◊✲ᡂᯝࢆ♫఍࡟▱ࡽࡋࡵࡿࡢࡀ୍␒

ࡢ㢪࠸࡛࠶ࡿ㸬୍ぢ▩┪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ୕ࡘࡢ❧ሙࡔࡀ㸪ᕦጁ

࡟㐠࡭ࡤ⤫ྜ࡛ࡁࡿࠖ࡜ㄒࡗࡓ㸬W♫࡟ࡣ㸪タ❧ࡉࢀࡓ

࡜ࡁࡣࢃࡎ࠿ᩘேࡋ࠿ᒃ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ᙜึ࠿ࡽ᫂☜࡟ᢏ

⾡㸪Ⴀᴗ㸪⏕⏘࡞࡝ࡢ㒊㛛ࢆタࡅ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᙺ๭ศᢸ

ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ඹྠࡢ๰ᴗ⪅ࡣ኱Ꮫࡢྠ൉࡛࠶ࡿࡓ

ࡵ㸪ᤵᴗ㸪◊✲㸪࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺࡢ௙஦ࢆࢳ࣮࣒࣮࣡ࢡ࡛

࠾஫࠸࡟㠃ಽࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚㸪ᤵᴗࡸ㸪◊✲࡜௻

ᴗ⤒Ⴀࡢ㛫ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪ࠕᩍဨ௻ᴗᐙࠖ

࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⊂≉࡞㌟ศ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪኱Ꮫ࡜௻ᴗ࡜ࡢቨࡀ࡞ࡃ㸪 Ꮫ⏕ࢆᐇ㊶άື࡟⡆༢࡟ධࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ㸪⌮ㄽ࡜ᐇ㊶ ࡢ⤖ྜ࡜࠸ࡗࡓᩍ⫱ຠᯝࡶฟ࡚㸪⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ◊✲ᡂᯝࡢ

⛣㌿ࢆຠ⋡ⓗ࡟⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡓ࡜࠸࠺㸬

஦౛

࠙ᇶᮏ≧ἣࠚCᩍᤵࡣ㸪Q኱Ꮫࡢ㟁ẼᕤᏛ㒊ࡢᩍᤵ࡛࠶

ࡾ㸪኱Ꮫ࠿ࡽࡢ౫㢗ࢆཷࡅ࡚㸪኱Ꮫഃࡢ௦⾲࡜ࡋ࡚኱Ꮫ ࡀཧ⏬ࡋࡓQ኱Ꮫᐇᴗ♫㸦௨ୗࡣQ♫࡜␎ࡍ㸧ࡢタ❧࡟

㛵୚ࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺㸬CᩍᤵࡣQ኱Ꮫග㟁◊✲ᡤࡢᡤ㛗ࡶົ

ࡵ㸪ࡲࡓᅜ㝿ᕤᏛ࡜㟁ᏊගᏛᏛ఍㸦SPIE㸧ࡢ఍ဨ࡛ࡶ࠶

ࡿ㸬ᆅඖࡢ㒔ᕷࡢග㟁⏘ᴗ໬ᑓ㛛ᐙࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮

࡜ࡋ࡚ά㌍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᶫࡢᙉᗘࡢほ ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡸ⢭ᐦᶵ ჾࡢ◊✲ࢆ㛗ᖺ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬100 ᮏࡢㄽᩥࢆฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ

࡯࠿㸪≉チࡶ」ᩘⓏ㘓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺㸬C ᩍᤵ࡟ࡣ㸪 2017ᖺ5᭶4᪥༗๓9᫬࠿ࡽ11᫬࡟࠿ࡅ࡚Cᩍᤵࡢ◊

✲ᐊ࡛࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬

࠙㉳ᴗࡢືᶵࠚQ♫ࡢタ❧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪Cᩍᤵࡣࠕ฼┈ࡼ

ࡾ㈐௵ࠖ࡜ㄒࡗࡓ㸬ᙜ᫬㸪኱Ꮫ࠿ࡽQ♫࡟㛵ࡍࡿ౫㢗ࡀ ᮶ࡓ᫬㸪ᖌ໶ࡢMᩍᤵ㸦ᑓ㛛ศ㔝࡛ࡣ୰ᅜ࡛ⴭྡ࡞࢔࢝

ࢹ࣑ࢩࣕࣥ㸧࡟┦ㄯࡋ࡟⾜ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺㸬ࠕ኱Ꮫࡢᩍᤵࡢ᰿

ᮏⓗ࡞㈐ົࡣ㸪Ꮫ⾡◊✲࡜ேᮦ⫱ᡂ࡟࠶ࡿࠖ࡜཯ᑐࡉࢀ

ࡓ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪Cᩍᤵࡣ㸪ࠕᏛ⾡◊✲ࡶேᮦ⫱ᡂࡶ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟

♫఍࡟㈉⊩ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼ࡀᙉ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࡲ

ࡓࡑࡢࢳ࣮࣒ࡣ㸪」ᩘࡢᅜᐙࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡟ཧຍࡋ㸪ᢏ⾡

ⓗ࡟ࡣ୰ᅜᅜෆࡢ୍ὶ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝ࠶ࡾ㸪௻ᴗ࠿ࡽࡢၥ࠸ྜ

ࢃࡏࡀከᩘ࠶ࡗࡓ㸬⮬ࡽࡢ◊✲ᡂᯝࢆ࠸ࡕ᪩ࡃୡࡢ୰࡟

ᙺ࡟❧ࡓࡏࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪኱Ꮫ࠿ࡽࡢ౫㢗ࢆཷࡅࡓ࡜࠸࠺㸬 ࡘࡲࡾ㸪⮬ࡽ㉳ᴗࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾ㸪࿘ࡾ࡟㏣࠸❧࡚ࡽࢀ

ࡿᙧ࡛ࡇࡢ㐨࡟ᑟ࠿ࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜࠸࠺㸬

࠙㉳ᴗࡢ⎔ቃࠚCᩍᤵ࡟཯ᑐࡋࡓࡢࡣ㸪ᖌ໶ࡢMᩍᤵࡢ

ࡳ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪࿘ࡾࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡢ཭ேࡸྠ൉ࡶࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡗ ࡓ࡜࠸࠺㸬ࠕ኱Ꮫᩍᤵ࡬ࡢホ౯ࡣ㸪࠸ࡃࡽඈ࠿ࡗࡓ࠿࡟ࡼ

ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪Ꮫ⾡ⓗ࡞ᴗ⦼࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜Mᩍ

ᤵ࠿ࡽࡼࡃㄝㅍࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪Q♫ࢆタ❧ࡋ୍࡚ᖺ๓ᚋ㸪 ࢳ࣮࣒࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࠿ࡽࡶ཯ᑐࡢኌࡀୖࡀࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ࡑ ࡢ⌮⏤ࡣ㸪᭱ึࡢẁ㝵࡛ࡣ఍♫ࡢ฼┈ࡀ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࡞࠸ࡓ

ࡵࢳ࣮࣒࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࡬ࡢ㓄ศࡀ࡞࠸୍᪉㸪Ꮫ⾡ㄽᩥ࡟㞟୰

ࡍࡿ᫬㛫ࡶῶࡽࡉࡊࡿࢆᚓࡎ㸪Ⓨ⾲ࡍࡿㄽᩥࡢᩘࡶῶᑡ ࡋ኱Ꮫ࠿ࡽᴗ⦼ࡀホ౯ࡉࢀࡎ㸪㏫࡟཰ධࡀῶࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ

࠶ࡿ㸬ᙜ᫬ࡣᜨࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㉳ᴗ⎔ቃ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜Cᩍ

ᤵࡣㄒࡗࡓ㸬

࠙▱㈈๰ฟࡢᩍ⫱ࠚC ᩍᤵ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢࢳ࣮࣒ࡣ㸪ᶫࡢᙉ ᗘࡢほ ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡸ⢭ᐦᶵჾࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪㛗ᖺ࡟ࢃ

ࡓࡗ࡚๓㏙ࡢ࡜࠾ࡾㄽᩥࡸ≉チ࡞࡝࡛ᩘከࡃࡢ◊✲ᡂᯝ

ࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ᙜ᫬㸪ᅜෆ࡛ࡣ୍ὶࡢ◊✲ࢳ࣮࣒࡜ࡶゝ

ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ୰࡟ࡣQ኱Ꮫ㟁ẼᕤᏛ㒊ࡢⱝᡭ◊✲⪅

3ྡࡢ࡯࠿㸪኱Ꮫ㝔ࡢࢮ࣑⏕6ྡࡶྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬࡯ࡰ

ྠࡌ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࡛㸪Q♫ࡢR㸤Dࢳ࣮࣒࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡛㸪

≉࡟኱Ꮫ㝔࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⌮ㄽ࡜ᐇ㊶࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࣉࣛࢵࢺ

ࣇ࢛࣮࣒࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸬

࠙▱㈈ᶒ฼໬ࡢᩍ⫱ࠚQ♫ࡢタ❧࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚㸪Cᩍᤵࡀ ᙜึⓏ㘓ࡋࡓ≉チࡀホ౯ࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࡢ౯್ࢆᢏ⾡ᢞ㈨࡜ࡋ

࡚Q♫ࡢ3๭ࡢฟ㈨ࢆᚓ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪Cᩍᤵ࠾ࡼ

ࡧࡑࡢࢳ࣮࣒ࡣ≉チࡢ㔜せᛶࢆ᪩࠸ẁ㝵࠿ࡽㄆ㆑ࡋ㸪࣓

ࣥࣂ࣮ࡣᙜࡓࡾ๓ࡢࡇ࡜࡜ࡋ࡚㸪◊✲ᡂᯝࢆᚲࡎ≉チ⏦

ㄳࢆࡋ㸪Ꮫ⏕ࡶࡑࢀࢆぢ⩦ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜࠸࠺㸬

࠙▱㈈ά⏝ࡢᩍ⫱ࠚQ ♫ࡢタ❧࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪▱㈈ά⏝

ࡢ୍ࡘࡢⰋ࠸ᩍᮦ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜Cᩍᤵࡣㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬

஦౛1㸪2ࢆぢࡿ࡜㸪◊✲⪅ಶே࡟ࡼࡿAEάື࡟ࡋ࡚

ࡶ኱Ꮫ࡟ࡼࡿAEάື࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ᢏ⾡ࢆ࣮࣋ࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸

ࡿࡓࡵ▱㈈ᩍ⫱ࡀAEάືࡢ▱㈈๰㐀㸪ᶒ฼໬࠾ࡼࡧά

⏝ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ୰࡟⮬↛࡟⧊㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿ㸬

▱㈈ᩍ⫱ࡢᒎ㛤࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮫ⏕⮬ࡽཧຍࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᐇ㊶ⓗ࠿

ࡘཧຍᆺ࡜࠸ࡗࡓⅬ࡛Ⰻ࠸࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜➹⪅ࡽࡣ ㄆ㆑ࡋࡓ㸬

࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ

2017ᖺ5᭶㸪Q኱Ꮫ࡛ᕤᏛ⣔ࡢᩍဨ࡜Ꮫ⏕ࢆㄪᰝᑐ㇟

࡟AE࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ㄪᰝࡢ᭷ຠ

࡞ࢧࣥࣉࣝᩘࡣᏛ⏕ࡀ88ྡ࡛㸪ᩍဨࡀ20ྡ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬 ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ࠕ࿘ࡾࡢᩍဨࡀAEࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ▱ࡽ

ਛ࿖ߢߩቇⴚ⿠ᬺ㧔#'㧕ߦࠃࠆታ〣⊛⍮⽷ᢎ⢒ߩ੐଀ႎ๔

- 75 -

(4)

࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺Ꮫ⏕ࡣ31.8%࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬㝔⏕࡟㝈ࡿ࡜ࢃࡎ

࠿4.5%࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬㏫࡟㸪ᩍဨࡣ45.0%ࡀ▱ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺

⤖ᯝࡀฟࡓ㸬ࡘࡲࡾ㸪ᩍဨࡼࡾᏛ⏕ࡢ࡯࠺࡟᝟ሗࡀఏࢃ

ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⾡㉳ᴗࡋࡓᩍဨࡣPᩍ

ᤵ࡜ྠࡌ⪃࠼᪉࡛࠶ࡲࡾබ࡟ࡣࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ୍᪉㸪Ꮫ⏕࡟

ཧຍࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛Ꮫ⏕࡟ࡣ᝟ሗࡀఏࢃࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃࠼

ࡽࢀࡿ㸬

ࡲࡓ㸪AEࡢᅾࡾ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㈶ᡂ㸦㠀ᖖ࡟㈶ᡂ㸪㈶ᡂ㸪

࡝ࡕࡽ࡛ࡶࡼ࠸ࢆྵࡴ㸧ࡀ9๭௨ୖ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࠕAE࡟ࡼ

ࡿᙳ㡪ࡣఱ࠿ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⏕ࡢሙྜࡣࠕ཰ධࡢቑຍࠖ

㸦80.6%㸧㸪ࠕ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࠖ㸦67.1%㸧㸪ࠕᏛ⏕ࡢᐇ㊶άືࡢࢳ

ࣕࣥࢫࡢᥦ౪ࠖ㸦76.1%㸧ࡀ㸪᭱ࡶከࡃ㑅ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ࡲ

ࡓᩍဨࡢሙྜࡣ㸪ࠕ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࠖ㸦85.0%㸧㸪ࠕ཰ධࡢቑຍࠖ

㸦65.0%㸧㸪ࠕᆅᇦ⤒῭ࡢⓎᒎࠖ㸦65.0%㸧ࡀ᭱ࡶከ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬 Ꮫ⏕ࡢAEάືࡢཧຍࡣ㸪୍㒊࢔ࣝࣂ࢖ࢺᩱࡀᨭᡶࢃࢀ

࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪άືࡢຠᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࠕ཰ධࡢቑຍࠖࡀ㑅ࡤࢀ

ࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ.

୍᪦AEάືࢆ㉳ࡇࡍ࡜㸪ᡂຌࡍࡿ࠿ኻᩋࡍࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ

࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⏕ࡢሙྜࡣ㸪ࠕኻᩋࠖࢆ㑅ࡪேࡣ࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀ㸪 ࠕࣜࢫࢡࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ50%ࡀᡂຌࡍࡿࠖࢆ㑅ᢥࡋࡓ

ேࡣ64.8%࡛➨1఩ࢆ༨ࡵ㸪➨2఩࡟ࡣࠕ≉チࡸᢏ⾡ࡀ

࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ㸪ᡂຌࡍࡿࠖࢆ㑅ࡪேࡀ30.0%ࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪AEάື

ࡢᒎ㛤ࢆᴦほⓗ࡟ぢ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬୍᪉㸪ᩍဨࡢሙྜࡣ㸪ࠕከᩘ

ᡂຌ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠖࢆ㑅ࡪேࡀ୍␒ከࡃ㸪60.0%ࢆ༨ࡵ㸪ࡑ ࡢḟࡣࠕࣜࢫࢡࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ50㸣ࡀᡂຌࡍࡿࠖ࡜ᅇ

⟅ࡍࡿேࡀ20.0㸣ࢆ༨ࡵ㸪Ꮫ⏕࡜ẚ࡭࡚ᝒほⓗ࡟ぢ࡚࠸

ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ᩍᖌࡢ❧ሙ࠿ࡽぢࡿ࡜㸪㈨㔠ࡸ࣐ࢿ

ࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⤒㦂ࡢ୙㊊࡞࡝㸪AEάືࡢᒎ㛤ࡢ㞴ࡋ ࡉࢆࡼࡾ⌧ᐇⓗ࡟⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪

඲యࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜㸪ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶQ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡣ㸪AEάື

ࢆཷࡅධࢀࡸࡍ࠸⎔ቃ࡟࡞ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪

୰ᅜࡢᅜ⟇࡜ゝ࠺࡭ࡁࠕ๰᪂๰ᴗࠖᨻ⟇ࡢാࡁ࠿ࡅࡢୗ

࡛㸪௒ᚋࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ⎔ቃࡢᩚഛࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ㸬

⤖ࡧ

ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪AEάືࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ୰࡟㸪▱㈈ࡢ๰㐀㸪ᶒ

฼ྲྀᚓ㸪ཬࡧά⏝࡟㛵ࡍࡿ▱㈈ᩍ⫱ࢆᏛ⏕ᐇ㊶άື࡟⧊

ࡾ㎸ࡴࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓQ኱Ꮫࡢ2஦౛ࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ♧

ࡋࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ୰࡛㸪ᩍဨව௻ᴗᐙ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ஧㔜ࡢ❧ሙ࠿ࡽ㸪 ᐇ㊶άືࡀᏛ⏕࡟ཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀࡸࡍࡃ㸪⌮ㄽࢆ࣓࢖ࣥ࡟

ࡋࡓ▱㈈ᩍ⫱࡜ࡣ㐪࠸㸪Ꮫ⏕࡟⌧ᐇࢆᩍ࠼ࡿࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ

࢛࣮࣒࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⪃࠼ࡓ㸬୰ᅜ࡛ࡣ㛵ಀࡢᨻ⟇࡟క࠸

⎔ቃࡀᩚࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛㸪ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡢ▱㈈ᩍ⫱ࡢ୍ࡘࡢᙧ

࡜ࡋ࡚ᗈࡀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ㸬᪥ᮏࡶ௻ᴗ࡜ࡢ㐃ᦠࡸ

኱ᏛⓎ࣋ࣥࢳ࣮ࣕࡀ᥎㐍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪࡯ࡰ

ྠᵝࡢ≧ἣ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ㸪▱㈈ேᮦ⫱ᡂࡸ▱㈈ᩍ⫱

࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ᮏ✏࡛♧ࡋࡓ୰ᅜࡢAEάື࡟࠾ࡅࡿ▱㈈ᩍ

⫱ࡢ஦౛ࡀཧ⪃࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ㸬

ᮏ✏ࡣ㔜៞኱Ꮫ୰ኸ㧗ᰯ⛉⮬୺⛉◊ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦␒

ྕ㸸106112017CDJXY020002㸧࡟ࡼࡿ㸬᪥ᮏ▱㈈Ꮫ఍

2017ᖺᏛ⾡◊✲Ⓨ⾲఍ㅮ₇ㄽᩥࠕAE࡟࠾ࡅࡿ▱㈈ᩍ⫱

ࡢᅾࡾ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖࢆඖ࡟᪂ࡓ࡞஦౛ࢆຍ࠼඲య࡟ぢ┤

ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛㸪2017ᖺᗘ୕㔜኱Ꮫእᅜேᩍဨ▷ᮇᣍ࡬࠸ࣉ

ࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡟ࡼࡾⴭ⪅ࡢ୍ே㸦㝞㸧ࡀ୕㔜኱Ꮫ࡟ᅾ୰࡟

ࡲ࡜ࡵࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

1) ࠕ୰⳹ேẸඹ࿴ᅜ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ᡂᯝ㌿໬ಁ㐍ἲࠖ1996ᖺ5

᭶15᪥➨8ᅇ඲ᅜேẸ௦⾲኱఍ᖖົጤဨ఍➨19ᅇ

఍㆟࡛᥇ᢥ㸬2015ᖺ8᭶29᪥➨12ᅇ඲ᅜேẸ௦⾲

኱఍ᖖົጤဨ఍➨16ᅇ఍㆟࡟ࡼࡾᨵṇ㸬

2) ヲࡋࡃࡣ㸪୰ᅜᩍ⫱㒊ࡢ࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪࢆཧ↷㸬 http://www.moe.edu.cn/srcsite/A08/s5672/201708/t2 0170802_310550.html㸦2017ᖺ9᭶22᪥☜ㄆ㸧

ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩

Clarysse B, Wright M, Lockett A, et al. (2007). Aca- demic Spin-offs, formal technology transfer and capital raising [J]. Industrial & Corporate Change, 16(4):609-640

H. Etzkowitz (2003). Research Group as “Quasi-firms”:

the Invention of the Entrepreneurial University, Research Policy 32,: 109-121

Scott Shane (2004). Academic Entrepreneurship: Uni- versity Spinoffs and Wealth Creation [J]. Social Science Electronic Publishing, 30(4):494-496.

㝞ឡ⳹࣭ᯇᒸᏲ࣭ᒸ⏣ᘅྖ࣭ୡⰋΎ(2014)㸪ࠕ▱㆑⏘ᶒ࠿

ࡽ▱㆑㈈⏘࡬ࠖ㸪᪥ᮏ▱㈈Ꮫ఍➨12ᅇᏛ⾡◊✲Ⓨ⾲఍

ㄽᩥ㞟㸬

᪥ᮏ▱㈈Ꮫ఍▱㈈ᩍ⫱ศ⛉఍⦅㞟ጤဨ఍(2013)㸪ࠕ▱㈈ᩍ

⫱ࡢᐇ㊶࡜⌮ㄽ̿ᑠ࣭୰࣭㧗࣭኱࡛ࡢ▱㈈ᩍ⫱ࡢᒎ㛤ࠖ㸪

ⓑ᱈᭩ᡣ㸬

―――――――――――――――――――――

† Chen Aihua*, Mamoru Matsuoka*2, Hiroshi Okada*3 , Kiyoshi Sera*4 :Case Study of Practical Intellectual Prop- erty Education in Academic Entrepreneurship in China

* School of Economics and Business Administration, Chong- qing University,174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing-City, 400-044, China.

*2 Faculty of Education, Mie University, 1577 Kurimam- achiya-cho Tsu city, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.

*3 School of Social Welfare, Tokyo University and Graduate School of Social Welfare, 2-13-32 Marunouchi Naka-ku Nagoya city, Aichi 460-0002, Japan.

*4 Mie Prefectural Tsu Commercial High School, 699 Shibu- mi- cho, Tsu city, Mie, 514-0063, Japan.

2017.10.26ཷ௜㸪2018.1.9ཷ⌮㸧 㒸ޓᗲ⪇࡮᧻ጟޓ቞࡮ጟ↰ޓᑝม࡮਎⦟ޓᷡ

- 76 -

参照

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