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科学技術指標2018

文部科学省 科学技術・学術政策研究所 科学技術・学術基盤調査研究室 要旨

「科学技術指標」は、我が国の科学技術活動を客観的・定量的データに基づき、体系的に把握 するための基礎資料であり、科学技術活動を「研究開発費」、「研究開発人材」、「高等教育と科学 技術人材」、「研究開発のアウトプット」、「科学技術とイノベーション」の 5 つのカテゴリーに分類し、

約 160 の指標で我が国の状況を表している。本報告書は毎年公表しており、論文及び特許の指標 については、NISTEP 独自の調査分析結果の最新値が掲載されている。

「科学技術指標 2018」で、新たに掲載した指標には、「大学等における研究者の任期の状況」、

「社会科学の論文動向についての試行的分析」、「論文の被引用度とパテントファミリーからの引用 の関係」、「自動車製造業の特許出願動向」等があり、全体では 21 の指標について、新規に掲載 又は可視化方法の工夫を行った。また、NISTEP 創立 30 周年を記念して、科学技術指標の誕生 期から開発期にかけてのエピソード等についてのコラムも掲載した。

「科学技術指標 2018」から日本の状況を見ると、日本の研究開発費、研究者数は共に主要国 (日米独仏英中韓の 7 か国)中第 3 位、論文数(分数カウント)は世界第 4 位、注目度の高い論文数 (分数カウント)では世界第 9 位、パテントファミリー(2 か国以上への特許出願)数では世界第 1 位で ある(これらは昨年と同じ順位)。また、日本の大学と民間企業との共同研究実施件数及び研究費 受入額は着実に増加している。企業の論文数は減少しているが、そのうちの産学共著論文数の割 合は増加しており、企業の論文を生み出すような研究活動における大学の重みが増している。

Japanese Science and Technology Indicators 2018

Research Unit for Science and Technology Analysis and Indicators National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP), MEXT ABSTRACT

Science and Technology Indicators is a basic resource for understanding Japanese science and technology activities based on objective and quantitative data. It classifies science and technology activities into five categories, such as R&D Expenditure; R&D Personnel; Higher Education and S&T personnel; Output of R&D; and Science, Technology, and Innovation and shows the state of Japanese science and technology activities with approximately 160 indicators. The report is published annually and shows the latest results of the analyses of scientific publications and patent applications conducted by the NISTEP.

This edition of “Science and Technology Indicators 2018” includes new indicators such as “the situation of the term of office of researchers at universities, etc.,” “trial analysis on the trend of papers in social sciences,” “relationship between paper-to-paper citations and paper-to-patent family citations,” “patent application trends in automobile manufacturing industry.” In total, 21 indicators were newly introduced or visualization methods were revised. Also, in the commemoration of the 30th anniversary of NISTEP, a special column on episodes, etc. from the birth to the development stage of science and technology indicators is included.

Overviewing the latest Japans situation from Science and Technology Indicators 2018, it was found that the R&D expenditure and the number of researchers in Japan are the third largest in major countries (Japan, U.S., Germany, France, U.K., China and Korea). The number of papers in Japan (fraction counting method) is the fourth in the world and the number of papers with high citations is

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the ninth. Japan continues to be the world first place in the patent family (patent applications to more than two countries). These trends continue from the previous edition. The number of collaborative research between Japanese universities and private firms and the amount of research funding received steadily increase. Although the number of companies' papers is decreasing, the proportion of the number of industry-academia collaborative papers among them has increased, and the weight of universities in research activities of private firms that produce papers is increasing.

01_shihyo_kari.indd 2 2018/07/31 14:26:50

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