EDITOR
HAMASHITA Takeshi, Research Department Head, The Toyo Bunko; Professor Emeritus, The University of Tokyo
EDITORIAL COMMITTEE
KOMATSU Hisao, Professor Emeritus, University of Tokyo (Central Asia) MIURA Toru, Professor, Ochanomizu University (West Asia)
MORI Kazuko, Professor Emeritus, Waseda University (Modern China) SEO Tatsuhiko, Professor, Chuo University (Premodern China)
SHIMAO Minoru, Professsor, Keio University (South and Southeastern Asia) UMEMURA Hiroshi, Professor Emeritus, Chuo University (Central Asia)
ASIAN RESEARCH TRENDS NEW SERIES (ISSN 1880-7313) is published annually by The Toyo Bunko. All inquiries should be addressed to:
The Toyo Bunko, Honkomagome 2-28-21, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0021, Japan.
http://www.toyo-bunko.or.jp/
All of the articles in this journal have been commissioned directly by the editor and/or members of the editorial committee. The content of the articles and features contained herein do not necessarily represent the views of the editorial committee of The Toyo Bunko. Their authors are solely responsible for the opinions expressed.
Japanese personal names appear with the family name first, followed by the given name.
This issue was published with funding from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology for the year of 2020.
©The Toyo Bunko 2020
Printed in Japan by Fuji Repro Co., Ltd.
CONTRIBUTORS
Wu Songdi, Professor, Institute for Chinese Historical Geography Studies, Fudan University; Historical Geography
Güljanat Kurmangaliyeva Ercilasun, Professor, Department of Modern Turkic Studies, Languages and Literatures, Faculty of Letters, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University;
Political and Social History of the Kazakh and Kyrgyz in the Modern and Contemporary Eras
Kato Atsuhiko, Professor, Institute of Cultural and Linguistic Studies, Keio University;
Descriptive Study of Karen Languages and Burmese
Book design by Margaret Ng 幅 307mm 高 226mm 背 7mm
