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(2) I Readt h i sa r t i c l eandanswerthequestionsbelow.. ※この問題は、著作権の関係により掲載ができません。. 2.
(3) ※この問題は、著作権の関係により掲載ができません。. Ad α pted介omSamC h a p p l e S o k o l ," C u l i n αr yDiplom αc y :Bre αk i n gBreadt o WinHeartsαndMinds,". αgueJourn α 1ofDiplom αc y8 ( 2013) TheH Choosethemosts u i t a b l e answerfromt h o s ebelowt oc o m p l e t et h ef o l l o w i n gs e n t e n c e . SoutheastAsianc o u n t r i e ss t a r t e dcampaignsf o rc u l i n a r ydiplomacybecause (a) d i p l o m a t si n Southeast Asian c o u n t r i e s tended t o know a g r e a td e a l about t h e i rn a t i o n a l c u l S m e . (b) f o o dwas u r g e n t l yneeded i nt h everyp l a c e swheretheymostwantedt o broaden t h e i rc u l t u r a l i n f l u e n c e . (c) i tf i t t e di n with t h e i rd i p l o m a t i cp r i n c i p l eo fnote n t e r i n gi n t ot h e usual r e l a t i o n s with o t h e r c o u n t r i e s . (d) i twas b e l i e v e dt h a tt h i s wouldh e l pimprove t h e i rp o s i t i o ni nt h ew o r l d ,g i v e nt h e i rr e l a t i v e l y weakeconomic andm i l i t a r yp o w e r . （ε） i t was f e l tt h a ts i n c et h e i rm i l i t a r y was s t r o n g enough,they should now c o n c e n t r a t e on. s t r e n g t h e n i n gt h e i rc u l t u r a lp r e s t i g ea b r o a d . 2 Choose七hemos もs u i 七 a b l eanswerfromt h o s e belowt ocompletet h ef o l l o w i n gs e n t e n c e . Thew r i t e rs u g g e s t st h a tt h eThaiprogramso fc u l i n a r ydiplomacy (a) aima ta d o p t i n gf o o d c u l t u r ep r a c t i c e sfromaroundt h ew o r l d . (b) d i s c o u r a g eThai c i t i z e n sfroml o o k i n gf o rworko v e r s e a s . (c) improvethec o u n t r y ' s image butr i s kdamagingi t s economy.. (l c) produceeconomica sw e l la sc u l t u r a l andp o l i t i c a lb e n e f i t s . (e) r e q u i r ethepurchaseo fn a t i o n a lbrandsfromo t h e rc o u n t r i e s .. 3.
(4) 3 Chooset h emosts u i t a b l eo r d e ro fs e n t e n c e s企omt h o s ebelowt of i l li nblanks p a c e (A) (a) A kimchii n s t i t u t ewasa l s oe s t a b l i s h e di no r d e rt oc r e a t enewt y p e so ft h i swell-knownd i s h . (b) InA p r i l2 0 0 9 ,f o rexample ョt heKoreangovernmentannouncedaUS$44-millionprogramc a l l e d. “ Korean C u i s i n et o the W o r l d , " with a g o a lo f making Korean f o o d one o ft h ef i v e most p o p u l a re t h n i cc u i s i n e si nt h ew o r l d . 巴 g o a lo fi n c r e a s i n gt h enumbero fKoreanr e s t a u r a n t sa b r o a d ,a sw e l l (c) Theprogrami n c l u d e dt h. a ss e t t i n g up c o o k i n g programs a ti n t e r n a t i o n a lc o o k i n gs c h o o l s such a s Le Cordon Bleu and t h eC u l i n a r yI n s t i t u t eo fAmerica,andt h epromotiono ft a l e n t e dKoreanc h e f s . 4 Use t h es i xwords below t of i l li n blank s p a c e (B)i nthe b e s tway. I n d i c a t e your c h o i c e sf o r出 e s e c o n d ,f o u r t h ,ands i x t hp o s i t i o n s . (a) a. (b) l e f t. (e) seek. (f) t o. (C ). 1 由. (d) new. 5 Choose t h emosts u i t a b l e combination o fanswers 仕omt h o s e below t of i l li nblank s p a c e s( C)and (D). (a) amateur一e x p e r i e n c e d (b) i n t e r n a t i o n a l r e t i r e d (c) l o c a l-government (d) m i l i t a r y p r o f e s s i o n a l (e) o 伍c i a l-c i t i z e n 6 Choosethemosts u i t a b l eanswer企omt h o s ebelowt oc o m p l e t et h ef o l l o w i n gs e n t e n c e . Thecampaignpromotedbyt h egovernmento fTaiwanwasi n t e n d e dt o (a) demonstratet h es i m i l a r i t i e sbetweent h ec u l t u r eo fTaiwanandt h a to fT h a i l a n d . nsuretha もt heUnitedNationswouldp r o t e c tTaiwani nar e g i o n a lc r i s i s . (b） 巴 (c) improveTaiwan'si n t e r n a t i o n a lp r e s t i g ei nr e l a t i o nt omainlandC h i n a . (d) seekmembershipf o rTaiwani nt h eUnitedNationsa tt h ee a r l i e s to p p o r t u n i t y .. ’ S i mageasthem a s s p r o d u c t i o nworkshopo ft h ew o r l d . (e) s t r e n g t h e nTaiwan 7 Choosethemosts u i t a b l eanswerfromt h o s ebelowt of i l li nblanks p a c e (E)i ntheb e s tway. (a) announcet h e i rp r e s e n c eontheworlds t a g e (b) b u i l dupt h e i rm i l i t a r ypowert op r o t e c tt h e i rb o r d e r s (c) d i s t r i b u t ef o o dt op e o p l earoundt h eworlds u f f e r i n gfromhunger (d) f u r t h e remphasizethevalueo fhardpowero v e rs o f tpower (e) r e s t o r et h e i rr e p u t a t i o na sp o w e r f u lc o u n t r i e s. 4.
(5) I I Readt h i sa r t i c l e andanswerthequestionsbelow.. ※乙の問題は、著作権の関係により掲載ができません。. 5.
(6) ※乙の問題は、著作権の関係により掲載ができません。. Ad α ： ptedf ト om" S e c r e t sandA g e n t s , "TheEconomist ( J u l y2 3 ,2016) 1 Choosethemosts u i t a b l eanswer仕omt h o s ebelowt ocompletet h ef o l l o w i n gs e n t e n c e 目. Thew r i t e rs u g g e s t st h a ti neconomicsa sanacademicd i s c i p l i n ei nt h e 1960s,s c h o l a r sd i dnot (a) assumet h a tp e o p l eo f f e r i n gj o b sknewag r e a td e a laboutt h ep r o d u c t i v i t yo ft h e i rw o r k e r s . (b) b e l i e v et h a temployerspaidf o rt h et r u ev a l u eo fwhatt h e i rworkersproduced 目. (c) paymucha t t e n t i o nt ot h eimportanceo fi n f o r m a t i o ni nunderstandingeconomica c t i v i t y . (d) studys t a t elawst h a thadl e f tb l a c k sandt h eyoungwithl e s swork. 巴 l a b o rmarket (e) usethes o r to ft e x t b o o k st h . a ttaughtt h e i rs t u d e n t saboutt h 目. 2 Chooset h emosts u i t a b l eanswerfromt h o s ebelowt oc o m p l e t ethef o l l o w i n gs e n t e n c e . Onereasong i v e nf o rther e j e c t i o no fA k e r l o f spaperwast h a t (a) A k e r l o fhadnoty e ts t a r t e dworkinga tau n i v e r s i t y 守. (b) a l lo fthee d i t o r sfoundthec o n t e n tt o od i 伍c u l tt ou n d e r s t a n d . (c) i treachedc o n c l u s i o n st h a tveryfewe c o n o m i s t swoulds u p p o r t . (d) t h ej o u r n a l sd i dn o twantt op u b l i s hapaperthathadp r e v i o u日l ybeenp u b l i s h e d . も antenought obec o n s i d e r e df o raNobelP r i z e . (e) t h er e s e a r c hwasnotimpor. 3 Chooset h emosts u i t a b l eanswerfromt h o s ebelowt oc o m p l e t et h ef o l l o w i n gs e n t e n c e . Thew r i t e rs u g g e s t st h a tc a rbuyers mightf i n di thardt ot e l lt h ed i f f e r e n c e betweenapeach anda lemonbecause 呂田 m uchcheaperthanap e a c h . (a) alemoni. (b) bothgoodandbadc a r sencouraget r a d et of l o u r i s h . (c) c a r scanbemadet oappearmuchb e t t e rthantheyr e a l l ya r e ‘. (d) peache 邑 呂o metimeshavep r 油 l emst h a tremainu n d i s c l o s e d . (e) theu s e d c a rmarketi n c l u d e so n l yc a r st h a tdonotf u n c t i o nw e l l . u i t a b l eo r d e ro fs e n t e n c e sfromt h o s ebelowt of i l li nblanks p a c e( A). 4 Chooseもhemosts (a) Butd e a l e r swhoknowf o rs u r etheyhaveapeachw i l lr e j e c tsuchano f f e r . (b) Theymightbew i l l i n gt op a y ,s a y , $750 f o ra c a rtheyp e r c e i v e ashaving an even chance o f beingalemono rap巴a c h . 巴m on,b u y e r sc u tt h e i ro f f e r s . (c) Toa c c o u n tf o rther i s kt h a tac a ri sal. 一 −. 6一 一.
(7) 5 Uset h e sevenwords belowt o五1 1i nblanks p a c e (B)i ntheb e s tway. I n d i c a t eyourc h o i c e sf o rt h e. (a) a s (C ). the. (b) have. (C ). (f ) they. (g) would. p r i c e. ︶ VU ︵. s e c o n d ,f o u r t h ,ands i x t hp o s i t i o n s .. 日a me. u i t a b l e combination o fanswers from t h o s e below t of i l li nblank s p a c e s( C)and 6 Choosethe most s 刷昭. a ee. gaaM. hnNe. 寸町刈印. 唱. U. e. 13i. Wu. −・. lh白u. 出口. (C). hu. q u e s t i o n understandable. (b). 川町. (e). (a). 叫 −h 寸. (d). 1mm dru pdn − 1 ・ EE E − E EI a oD oPPoA. (D） 目. 7 Chooset hemosts u i t a b l eanswerfromt h o s ebelowt ocompletet h ef o l l o w i n gs e n t e n c e .. Ther e a s o nf o rt h ef a i l u r eo ft h enewr u l et omakeaf a i r e rl a b o rmarketwast h a t (a). aworker ’ se x p e r i e n c ecamet obeseena st h emostimportantp a r to faj o ba p p l i c a t i o n .. (b) 日rms had t or e l y on s i g n a l st h a t were l e s sf a v o r a b l e than c r e d i ts c o r e 日 t o disadvantaged. group呂 (C ). j o ba p p l i c a n t s 'c r e d i ts c o r e sbegant op l a yani n c r e a s i n g l yimporta 叫 r o l ei nt h el a b o rm a r k e t .. (d) p e o p l ewhof a i l e dt opayt h e i rd e b t swereseena sl e s sl i k e l yt obegoode m p l o y e e s . (e). t h evalueo fe d u c a t i o nwasnotsu 伍c i e n t l yr e c o g n i z e dbyf i r m sl o o k i n gf o rneww o r k e r s .. h o s ebelowt of i l li nblanks p a c e( E). h emosts u i t a b l eanswer企omt 8 Chooset (a) Gradually (b) H o p e f u l l y (c) Obviously (l <) S i m i l a r l y (e) Thankfully. 7.
(8) i l l Readthis article and answerthequestionsbelow. “ Thisi sane i g h t e e n t h ,n i n e t e e n t h c e n t u r yp r o b l e m . Wer e a l l yshouldn ’ tbe t a l k i n gi nt h e s et e r m s .I ’ tknow whywe ’ r es t i l ld o i n gi t ” ， complains GinaRippon, professor ofcognitive neuroimaging using don machinest oproduceimageso fb r a i na c t i v i t y a tAstonU n i v e r s i t y ,i nBirmingham. Shei soneo fasmall but growing number o fs c i e n t i s t s ,p s y c h o l o g i s t s , andgendere x p e r t ss c a t t e r e da c r o s st h eg l o b e who are もb r a i n sshows i g n i f i c a n tsexd i f f e r e n c e s . c h a l l e n g i n gc l a i m stha Rippon became i n t e r e s t e di nsex andgenderwhen shewas t e a c h i n gc o u r s e s onwomen and mental h e a l t ha ttheU n i v e r s i t yo fWarwick,where she s p e n tt w e n t y f i v ey e a r s .Morewomenthanmentendt o s u f f e rfromd e p r e s s i o no rhavee a t i n gd i s o r d e r s , ands h efoundt h a t ,timeandagain ,t h e i ri l l n e s s e swere 邑 i n terms o fsomethingi n n a t e ,r a t h e rthan somethingt h a td e v e l o p e d beinge x p l a i n e di nc o u r s er e a d i n g through s o c i a lr e l a t i o n s . She was c o n v i n c e dt h a tt h e r e were s o c i a lr e a s o n sf o r such mental problems Thissparkedani n t e r e s ti nhowb i o l o g i c a le x p l a n a t i o n sa r eusedandm i s u s e d ,p a r t i c u l a r l ywheni tcomes t owomen. Whenshea r r i v e da tAstonU n i v e r s i t yi n2000 and s t a r t e dworkingi nneuroimaging,she d e c i d e dt o t a k eal o o ka t how the l a t e s tp o w e r f u l imaging t e c h n i q u e s were being used i nr e s e a r c h on women. T e c h n o l o g i e sl i k ee l e c t r o e n c e p h a l o g r a p h y had a l r e a d ybeenusedf o r almost a c e n t u r yt o study e l e c t r i c a l 邑i g n a l s from the b r a i n . But during the 1 9 9 0 s , magnetic r e s o n a n c e imaging ( MRI)-a t e c h n i q u et h a t t t e r l y a l l o w s changes i n brain a c t i v i t yt o be t r a c k e d by measuring which a r e a ss e e more b l o o df l o w u transformed t h ef i e l d . There was an e x p l o s i o no fnew s t u d i e s , many o fwhich came with e y e c a t c h i n g l y c o l o r f u lp i c t u r e so ft h eb r a i n . ’ talwaysp r e t t y .E s p e c i a l l y D e s p i t et h epromise o ft h i snewt e c h n o l o g y , thep i c t u r e si tp a i n t e dweren f o rwomen.“ Id i da r e v i e wi n2008 o fwherewewereg o i n gwitht h e emergingb r a i n i m a g i n gs t o r yand ” ， says Rippon. Studies saw s巴x differences inthe brain when i t gender d i f f e r e n c e s , and Iwas shocked came t o almost e v e r y t h i n g . Examples i n c l u d e d mental t a s k s ,l i s t e n i n gt o someone r e a d , responding t o p s y c h o l o g i c a ls t r e s s ,e x p e r i e n c i n ge m o t i o n ,e a t i n gc h o c o l a t e ,l o o k i n ga te r o t i cp h o t o s , and even s m e l l i n g . One c l a i m e dt h a t the b r a i n so fhomosexual men ( A )the b r a i n so fs t r a i g h t women than with Ij u s tg o tdrawni n t oi tbecauseIthoughtt h i si sshocking ， 七h ati ti 白 b eingused t h o s eo fs t r a i g h tmen.“ 戸ngwomen shouldn'tgo t ou n i v e r s i t ybecausei tw i l l i ne x a c t l yt h esame way a sp e o p l ei nthe p a s tsa messupt h e i rr e p r o d u c t i v esystems ” ， shet e l l sme. ’ t the o n l y one r a i s i n g her eyebrows a t some o ft h e s e brain s t u d i e s . MRI p r o d u c e s Rippon wasn p i c t u r e st h a ta r ep r o b l e m a t i c .Theycane a s i l ybea f f e c t e dbyn o i s eandf a l s ep o s i t i v e s .Intermso fimage ’ E q u a l i t y ,t h eb e s tr e s o l u t i o ni t can reach i sac u b i cm i l l i m e t e ro rs o , and with many machines i t c o n s i d e r a b l yl e s s .T h i s maysoundl i k e at i n yvolume,buti si nf a c tvastwheni tcomest oanorgana s densea st h eb r a i n .Justonec u b i cm i l l i m e t e rcanc o n t a i naroundahundredthousandnerve c e l l s , anda b i l l i o nc o n n e c t i o n s . Given t h e s el i m i t a t i o n s , some i nt h es c i e n t i f i c community ( B )t h a t they mightbereadingt o omuchi n t ob r a i ns c a n s . 0 0 5 , CraigB e n n e t t , then A l lo v e rt h ew o r l d ,whats t a r t e da sq u i e tc r i t i c i s mi n c r e a s e di nv o l u m e . In 2 af i r s t y e a r graduate s t u d e n ta t Dartmouth C o l l e g e ,i n New Hampshire, c a r r i e d out an equipment t e s t t h a thappenedt or e v e a l how i t mightbe p o s s i b l et oreadj u s t about anything i n t o ab r a i ns c a n . As a j o k e ,he anda c o l l e a g u et r i e dt of i n dthemostunusualo b j e c t stheyc o u l df i ti n s i d eanMRImachine,t o αd五sh ’ sb r a i n . helppreparei tb e f o r et h e i rs e r i o u ss c i e n t i f i cworkb e g a n .( C )Thede Amusingthough t h e salmon experiment was, i th i g h l i g h t e d what some saw a saf a r more s e r i o u s e a r sa f t e rBennett ’ sf i s ht r i c k , thej o u r n a lNature Reviews Neuroscience problem i nn e u r o s c i e n c e‘ Eighty p u b l i s h e d an a n a l y s i so fn e u r o s c i e n c es t u d i e s and reached t h e damaging c o n c l u s i o nt h a tq u e s t i o n a b l e “I t has been c l a i m e d anddemonstratedt h a t many r e s e a r c hp r a c t i c e swerel e a d i n gt ou n r e l i a b l er e s u l t s， ( and p o s s i b l y most )o ft h ec o n c l u s i o n s drawn from b i o m e d i c a lr e s e a r c ha r ep r o b a b l yf a l s e , " the a r t i c l e b e g a n . The a u t h o r se x p l a i n e dt h a t one o ft h eb i gc o m p l i c a t i o n si st h a ts c i e n t i s t sa r e under enormous p r e s s u r et op u b l i s ht h e i rwork, andj o u r n a l s tend t op u b l i s hr e s u l t st h a t appears t a t i s t i c a l l ys i g n i 五c a n t . ’ s no b i ge f f e c t,a j o u r n a li sl e s sl i k e l yt o be i n t e r e s t e d目 “' A s ac o n s e q u e n c e ,r e s e a r c h e r s have I ft h e r e s t r o n gi n c e n t i v e st o engage i nr e s e a r c hp r a c t i c e st h a t make t h e i rf i n d i n g sp u b l i s h a b l eq u i c k l y , even i f ” ， they continued. In other t h o s ep r a c t i c e sr e d u c et h el i k e l i h o o dt h a tt h ef i n d i n g sr e f l e c ta t r u ee f f e c t 巴n t i s t s were b e i n gp r e s s u r e dt o do bad r e s e a r c h ,i n c l u d i n g using s m a l l samples o fp e o p l eo r w o r d s ,s c i exaggera t i n gr e a le f f e c t s ,s otheyc o u l dseemt ohavei n t e r e s t i n gr e s u l t s . PaulMatthews,theheado fbrains c i e n c e sa tI m p e r i a lC o l l e g eLondon,admitst h a ti nt h ee a i l ydays n c l u d e d were caught o u t byu n i n t e n t i o n a l l y bad i n t e r p r e t a t i o n so f o fMRI, manyr e s e a r c h e r s一himselfi The e r r o r st h a thavebeenmadehave beenfundamental s t a t i s t i c a le r r o r s . We've a l lmadethem ’ ＇ ， d a t a .“ he s a y s .“ I ’ m more c a r e f u l about i t now, bu もI ’ ve made them, t o o .I t ' s a very embarrassing t h i n g .I t ’ s born o ft h i ss t r o n gd r i v et og e tr e s u l t s 仕omwhateverwork one ’ s completed because one can ’ t do any more.Mostp e o p l e ,i fnottheoverwhelmingr r 明o r i t y , don ’ ti n t e n dt oc h e a t .Whattheytendt o doi sg e t ’ r ee x p l o r i n gt h e data o rt h e e x c i t e d because o fe x p l o r a t i o n andthey m i s s t a t et h ed e g r e et o whichthey meaningfulne日目 o ftheoutcomes ’ ＇ . 目. 「. 一一− 8 一一一.
(9) The problem has a tl e a s t been r e c o g n i z e d . Even s o,Rippon b e l i e v e 日 t h a ts e x d i f f e r e n c er e s e a r c h e s e a r c hbecausei tremainssuchah o tt o p i c . Fors c i e n t i s t sandj o u r n a l s ,an c o n t i n u e st os u f f e r合ombadr i n t e r e s t i n gstudyonsexd i f f e r e n c ecane q u a li n s t a n tg l o b a lp u b l i c i t y . The v a s t m弐j o r i t yo fexperiments ands t u d i e s showno sexd i f f e r e n c e , she s a y s . But they ’ r e not t h e Id e s c r i b et h i sa s an i c e b e r g . You g e tt h eb i t above the w a t e r , which i st h e o n e st h a tg e tp u b l i s h e d .“ ’ s easy t og e ts t u d i e sp u b l i s h e di nt h i sa r e a . But thent h e r e ’ s s m a l l e s tbutmostv i s i b l ep a r t ,b e c a u s ei t t h i s huge amount under the waterwhere p e o p l e haven ’ t found any d i f f e r e n c e s . " People end up s e e i n g o n l yt h et i po ft h ei c e b e r g t h es t u d i e st h a tseemt oc o n f i r msexd i f f e r e n c e s .. Ad α ptedj ト omAngelaS a i n i ,I n f e r i o r :HowS c i e n c eGotWomenWrong一αηdt h eNewResearch αt ' sR e w r i t i n gt h eS t o r y Th ※下記 1 ；：：出典を明記しております。. Chooset h emosts u i t a b l eanswerfromt h o s ebelowもO c o m p l e t et h ef o l l o w i n gs e n t e n c e . Ripponwasf i r s ta t t r a c t e dt or e s e a r c hons e xandgenderbecauseshe (a) foundc o n f l i c t i n gviewsons e xd i f f e r e n c e samongthes t u d e n t sa theru n i v e r s i t y . (b) hadmanys t u d e n t swhoaskedheri fd e p r e s s i o nande a t i n gd i s o r d e r swerecommonamongmen. 巴rf oundt h a therb e l i e f sabouts e xd i f f e r e n c e se x p l a i n e dongoingp r o b l e m s . (c) nolong (d) r e a l i z e dt h a twhatshefoundi nt e a c h i n gm a t e r i a l sd i dn o ta g r e ewithwhats h eb e l i e v e d . (e) wasaskedbyheru n i v e r s i t yt oc r e a t enewc o u r s e日 onwomenandmentalh e a l t h . 2 Use s i xo ft h e sevenwords belowt of i l li nblank s p a c e (A)i n出 eb e s tway. I n d i c a t e yourc h o i c e s. f o rt h es e c o n d ,f o u r t h , ands i x t hp o s i t i o n s . (a) common (b) had (c) i n (e) much (f) were (g) with. (d) more. 3 Chooset h emosts u i t a b l eanswerfromt h o s ebelowt of i l li nblanks p a c e (B). (a) askedt obeinformed (b) began旬 beconcerned (c) f a i l e dt obepersuaded (d) t r i e dt obeo p t i m i s t i c (e) wantedt obes u r e 4 C hooset h emosts u i t a b l eo r d e ro fs e n t e n c e sfromt h o s ebelowt of i l li nblanks p a c e( C).. (a) A few y e a r sl a t e r , whenBennett was l o o k i n gf o re v i d e n c eo ff a l s ep o s i t i v e si nb r a i ni m a g i n g , h i so l dscano ft h es a l m o n . h巴 dugoutt (b) Provingt h ec r i t i c sr i g h t and showinghow even t h eb e s tt e c h n o l o g i e s can m i s l e a d ,i t showed ’ sb r a i n . t h r e esmallr e da r e a so fa c t i v i t yc l o s et o g e t h e ri nthemiddleo ft h ef i s h (c) They s t a r t e d with a pumpkin and ended with a d e a d ,e i g h t e e n i n c h l o n g , mature A t l a n t i c salmonwrappedi np l a s t i c . 5 Chooset h emosts u i t a b l eanswerfromt h o s ebelowt oc o m p l e t et h ef o l l o w i n gs e n t e n c e . u r e Reviews N e u r o s c i e n c e,n e u r o s c i e n t i s t s have d i f f i c u l t y According t ot h ea n a l y s i sp u b l i s h e d byNαt g e t t i n gt h er e s u l t so ft h e i rr e s e a r c hp u b l i s h e dbecause (a) j o u r n a l stendt or e j e c tp a p e r st h a tdonothaves i g n i f i c a n tf i n d i n g s . (b) n e u r o s c i e n c ei smorec o m p l i c a t e dthanmosto t h e ra r e a so fr e s e a r c h . 巴 t o ob i gt obei g n o r e d . (c) thep r e s s u r e ss c i e n t i s t sa r eundera r (d) t h e i rc o n c l u s i o n sa r eo f t e nseenasbeingt o od r a m a t i c . (e) t o omanyexperimentshavebeenc o n d u c t e dusingsmallsampleso fp e o p l e .. 6 Choosethemosts u i t a b l eanswerfromt h o s ebelowt oc o m p l e t et h ef o l l o w i n gs e n t e n c e . Accordingt oMatthews,e r r o r si nt h ei n t e r p r e t a t i o no fdata (a) a r emoreo f t e nthannoti n t e n t i o n a li nh i sf i e l do fr e s e a r c h (b) cannotbed e t e c t e di fs t a t i s t i c a lmethodsa r ee m p l o y e d . (c) mayo c c u rwhenr e s e a r c h e r sa r ed e s p e r a t ef o rr e s u l t s . (d) needno tr e s u l ti nembarrassmenti ftheya r ea c c i d e n t a l . (e) tendt od e c r e a s ei nnumberwhens c i e n t i s t sa r eh i g h l ym o t i v a t e d . 目. 7 Chooset h emo 日ts u i t a b l eanswerfromt h o s ebelowt ocompletet h ef o l l o w i n gs e n t e n c e . Ripponusestheimageo fani c e b e r gt oarguet h a t (a) l a r g esampleshavet obeusedt omakeexperimentsr e l i a b l e . (b) manyj o u r n a l 白 a r ee a g e rt op u b l i s hr e s e a r c hi nn e u r o s c i e n c e . (c) t h eb e s tr e s e a r c hi sbasedont h emosts o l i df o u n d a t i o n . u b l i s h e d . (d) t h emorec a r e f u lt h er e s e a r c h ,themorel i k e l yi ti s旬 bep (e) veryfewr e s e a r c hr e s u l t sa c t u a l l yshows e xd i f f e r e n c e s . 米W eb公閣にあたり、著作権者の要請！とより出典追記しております。. 9 一一一 I n f e r i o rb yA n g e l aS a i n i. C o p y r i g h t⑥ 2017b yA n g e l aS a 1 n 1 R e p r i n t e dw i t hp e r m i s s i o nf r o mB e a c o nP r e s s , B o s t o nM a s s a c h u s 巴t t s.
(10) N Readthis dialogue and answerthe questionsbelow.. ’ so f f i c e r : Excuseme, C a p t a i n . Thereseemst obea s h i pd i r e c t l yaheado fus Ship 目. Captain:. Contactthemonther a d i oandr e q u e s ttheymoveo u to fourp a t h .. Ship ’ so f f i c e r : T h i si st h ea i r c r a f tc a r r i e rV a l i αntr e q u e s t i n gt h a t you change your c o u r s e 3° t ot h e southt oa v o i drunningi n t ou s . Radiov o i c e :. o u r s e15。旬 もhe呂outht oa v o i drunningi n t ou s ! Recommendyouchangeyour c. Captain:. (. )I ' l l speak t o them d i r e c t l y .T h i si st h ec a p t a i n .A l t e r your c o u r s e 3。. A. i m m e d i a t e l y .Youa r ed i r e c t l yi nourp a t h . Radiov o i c e :. S o r r y , but we a r e unable t o do t h a t . I say a g a i n , change YOUR c o u r s et oa v o i da c o l l i s i o n .. Captain:. Nowl o o kh e r e ,t h i si sad i r e c to r d e r Youw i l ld i v e r tyourc o u r s eATONCE!. Radiov o i c e :. T e r r i b l ys o r r y ,C a p t a i n , but we r e a l l y do s u g g e s tt h a t you a g r e et o our r e q u e s t and. 目. move 1 5°t othes o u t h . Captain:. ’ si t !( That. B. )you a r et a l k i n gt o ? This i s the c a p t a i no ft h e newest a i r c r a f t. c a r r i e ri nt h enavy,accompaniedbyt h r e ed e s t r o y e r s ,t h r e ec r u i s e r s ,ands e v e r a ls u p p o r t v e s s e l s . I demand t h a t you move i m m e d i a t e l y ,o r Iw i l l take whatever a c t i o ni s n e c e s s a r yt o( Radiov o i c e :. C. ） 目MOVENOW!. Nice t o meet y o u ,C a p t a i n . This i s the r a d i oo p e r a t o ro fthe o l d e s tl i g h t h o u s e on t h e southc o a s t .H e l l o. . .?. 1 Chooset h emosts u i t a b l eanswerfromt h o s ebelowt of i l li nblanks p a c e( A). (a) Howtimef l i e s l (b) Looko v e rh e r e ! (c) P l e a s etakec a r e ! (d) Thisi sr i d i c u l o u s ! (e) Whatano p p o r t u n i t y ! 2 Use t h es i xwords below t of i l li n blank s p a c e (B)i nt h eb e s もw ay. I n d i c a t e your c h o i c e sf o rthe s e c o n d ,f o u r t h ,ands i x t hp o s i t i o n s . (a) any. (b) do. (e) who. (f) you. （ε） have. (d) i d e a. 3 Usethe s i xwords b巴low t of i l li n blankspace ( C)i n the b e s t way. I n d i c a t e your c h o i c 巴sf o r the s e c o n d ,f o u r t h ,ands i x t hp o s i t i o n s . (c) s a f e t y. (d) s h i p. i. IU. nb. b. 、＆ ， ．. F？. (e) the. (b) o f. ︶ i ︵. (a) e n s u r e. 4 Choosethemosts u i t a b l eanswerfromt h o s ebelowt ocompletet h ef o l l o w i n gs e n t e n c e . 巴 r a d i oi s Thepersonspeakingt othec a p t a i nont h. (a) a f r a i dt h a tt h ec a p t a i nw i l lbecomeevena n g r i e r .. ’ so r d e r s . (b) f e e l i n gg u i l t yaboutnotf o l l o w i n gt h ec a p t a i n (c) havingsomefunbyt e a s i n gt h ec a p t a i n . (d) unawaret h a tt h ec a p t a i ni si ncha 噌 eo fana i r c r a f tc a r r i e r . 匂 da boutthep o s s i b i l i t yo fl o s i n gh i sj o b (e) worr 目. 一 一 一 1 0一 一一.
(11) V Readthestatementbelowandwritea paragraphgivingatl e a s ttworeasonswhy you agree or disagree with i t . Write your answer i n English in the space providedonyourwrittenanswers h e e t . ( I ti ss u g g e s t e dt h α tyouspendnomoret h αn 15minutesont h i ss e c t i o n .). “ Every u n i v e r s i t ys t u d e n ti n Japan s h o u l d be r e q u i r e dt o study abroad f o ra tl e a s t one s e m e s t e r .”. [ENDOFTEST]. 一一一 1 1一一.
(12) < 2019H3113ll1 1 >. < 2019H3113llll>. ・ T. ー 卜. マ は. 受験番. 記述解. ロ口. 力. 口 T. 央. 三五. 受験番号. ーι ＋ . ・. 万！千. 答用紙. 14 主 ︵. ， ！ ！ ！ ・ 、. f i r定の楠以外に番号 ・氏名 を書いてはならない。 また，解答欄以外には何も書いてはならなし、. (2) 解答はすべて HBの黒鉛筆ま たは HBのシャーブ ペンシルを使用する こと 。. 氏. 氏. 名. 名. （注意） 所定欄以外に受験寄号・氏名 を記入しではならない。記入 した解符用紙は採点の対象外 となる場合がある 。. u 主意） 所定欄以外に受験杏号・氏名 を記入してはならない。記入 した解答用紙は採点の対象外 となる場合がある。. 英 舌玉 口口. 採. 占. 闇 ＋. （この欄に書き入れてはならない）. V. 一 V.
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