Various Treatments for Pineapple Culture in Calcareous Soils of Okinawa. 1: University of the Ryukyus Repository

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Title

Various Treatments for Pineapple Culture in Calcareous Soils

_{of Okinawa. 1}

Author(s)

Chinzei, Tadashige

Citation

琉球大学農家政工学部学術報告 = The science bulletin of

the Division of Agriculture, Home Economics & Engineering,

University of the Ryukyus(5): 17-22

Issue Date

1958-12

URL

http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/22528

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VariousTreatmentsfbrPineappleCultureinCalcareous

SoilsofO1mnawa．ＩＢｙ radashigeCHINzEI＊ Introduction GeologicalformationsofOkinawaanditsdependentisletsare madeupofraisedbeachalluvialdeposits，Kunigamidiluvialdeposits inthenorthandnorth-centralparts；andRyukyulimestoneinthe centralａｎｄｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎａｒｅａｓａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｏｎｔｈｅｐartofMotobuPeninsula Marl（Shimajiri-beds）isfoundonlyinthesouth-centralandsouth； andPaleozoicformationsarefoundonlyinthenorthernmountains・ Therefore，soilsinOkinawaareroughlydividedgeographically intotwogroupsaccordingtotheiracidoralkalinereactions・Soils insouthernregionswhicharederivedfromcalcareousclayorRyukyu limestone（coralreefs）aremostlyslightlyalkaline，whereasthose innorthernpartsderivedfromPaleozoicformationsordiluvial gravelaremostlyacid・ PineapplecultureisnowpractisedincentralandnorthernOki‐ ｎａｗａ，butnotinsouthernOkinawa・Foliarspraytestsofseveral mineralsolutionswereappliedtopineappleplantsgrowingincalcare‐ oussoilderivedfrommarl． MaterialsandMethnds Ｔｈｅｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｗａｓｍａｄｅｔｏｆｉｎｄｏｕｔｗhatminorelementsshould beapplieｄｔｏｔｈｅｓｏｉｌｏｒｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅａｓｆｏｌｉａｒｓｐraysinordertoobtain normalgrowthWagner,ｓｐｏｔscontaining3kilogramsofpebbles， 1.5ｋｉｌｏｇｒａｍｓｏｆｓａｎｄａｎｄｌ５ｋｉｌｏｇｒａｍｓｏfsoilwereused・Anacid soilwasusedascontrol・Allthepotsreceiveｄｌ８ｇｍｓ・Ammonium Sulfate,５９，s､Superphosphateand6gms・MuriateofPotashAfter thefertiliｚｅｒｓｗｅｒｅｗｅｌｌｍｉｘｅｄｗｉｔｈｏｎｅｈａｌｆｏｆthesoil，aslipofthe SmoothCayanneVarietyofthepineapplewasplantedineachｐｏｔ＊DivisionofAgriculture，HomeEconomicsandEngineering，Universityofthe Ryukyus．

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~￣＝達当ら』塗…甦慕蕊縫蕊;騨騨｡■■日一ｍＣＨＩＮｚＥＩ 1８ onOct、23,1956． ThefoliarspraytreatmentofManganese，Ｉｒｏｎ，ZincandMagne-siumwereinsulfaｔｅｆｏｒｍａｎｄＢｏｒｏｎｗａｓｕｓｅｄａｓＳｏｄｉｕｍＢorate・ ThespraysolutionswereappliedfromMayl957atthefollow-ingconcentrations：Ｍｎ….0.3％ＭｎS04.4H20andO､3％CaOZn.…0.5％ZnS04.7H20andO､5％CaO Fe.…0.2％FeSO4･7H30B….0.1％Na3B407･10H20 Mg.…0.5％Ｍ9s04.7H20 Theexperimentwascomposedｏｆ６６ｐｏｔｓｓｏｔｈａｔｅａｃｈｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｗａｓreplicatedtwice・Inthismanner64potscontainedclaｙｓｏｉｌａｎｄ２potstheacidchecksoil・EachchemicalsolutionwasappliedａｓａｓｐｒａｙｅｖｅｒｙｏｔｈｅｒｄａｙｉｎｔｈｅｆｏｌｌowingorderofManganese，Iron， Magnesium，Zinc，ａｎｄＢｏｒｏｎ・Atotalofsevenspraysweremade、 Duringtheexperiment，twoapplicationsoflO-5-11fertilizeratthe rateof3７．５９，８.ｐｅｒｐｏｔｗｅｒｅｍａｄｅａｒｏｕｎｄｔｈｅｂａｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｐｌａｎｔｓａｔａｌ－ｉｎｃｈｄｅｐｔｈｏｎＪｕｌｙｌ６ａｎｄＡｕｇｕｓｔ２８． Results ＯｎＳｅｐｔ、２０，observationsforgreencolorofplantsweremade・ TheresultsarepresentedinTablel・Ｔｈｅｐｉｎｅａｐｐｌｅｉｎｔｈｅａｃｉｄｓｏｉｌｇｒｅｗｖigorouslyandtheirleaves wereofdeepgreencolor，whereasthosegrowninthecalcareoussoil werestuntedandgreenishyenow，yelloworyellowishwhitecolor、 Thefourmineralsprays（Ｍｎ,Ｂ，Ｍｇ,ａｎｄＺｎ）didnotbenefitthe growthorchangeleafcolor・Similarresultshavebeenobtainedby otherinvestigators1,2,7） Themineralspraysseemedtointerferewiththeironabsorption， andespeciallysointheplantstreatedwithmanganese・Ｔｈｅｉｒｏｎｓｐｒａｙａｌｏｎｅｇａｖｅｔｈｅｂｅｓｔｒｅsults,however,theplantswerenotnormal ascomparedtotheplantsgrowinginCheckaciｄｓｏｉｌ（Figsl-7)．Ｉnadditiontothefirstexperimenttheironcontentofcalcareous soilsamplesfromsouthernOkinawaandacidsoilsamplesfrom northernOkinawaweredeterminedbythreemethods，namely，ｔｈｅ l/５NHClsolubleiron，theSpurwaymethod，ａｎｄＮＫＣ１ａｎｄＮＣａ(ＣＨ３ＣＯＯ)zsolubleiron3'6,8）Kamoshita，ｅｔ・aL5）used2per centHCltodeterminetheeasilysolubleiron（hydrolyzable)．How-ever,theauthorusedl/５HClinsteadof2先HClwhichmayaccount forthedifferenceinresponseofavailableirontothepineappleplant・１０ｇｍｓ・ｏｆｓｏｉｌｗａｓｅｘｔｒａｃｔｅｄｂｙｌＯＯｍＬｏｆｌ/５NHC1solution adjustedaccordingtｏｔｈｅｓｏｉｌｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎａｔ４０ｏＣｆor5hours，and filteredThecolorimetricmethoｄｗａｓｕｓｅdforthedetermination

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VariousTreatmentsforPineappleCultureinCalcareousSoilsofOkinawa l9 ｏｆｉｒｏｎ・ＩｔｉｓｗｅｌｌｋｎｏｗｎｔｈａｔｉｎａｎａｌｋａｌｉｎｅｓｏｉｌｗｉｔｈｈｉｇｈｐＨ，the ironisnotavailabletothepineapple・Ｆｏｒexample，themarlsoil containedanaverageoｆＯ１４７ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔｉｒｏｎａｎｄｔｈｅａｃｉｄｓｏilcontained onlyOO42percentiron，ｂｕｔｔｈｅｆｏｒｍｅｒｉｓｎｏｔａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅｔｏｔｈｅｐｌａｎｔ (Table２)． Ichikawa3）determinedthetotalamountofexchangeabｌｅＡ１２０３ａｎｄＦｅ２０３ｉｎｔｈｅｅｘｔｒａｃｔｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｏｉｌｓｂｙＮＫＣｌｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｕｓｅｄｉn thedeterminationofDaikuhara,sacidity・HerecognizedthatFe203 determineｄｗａｓｏｎｌｙａｔｒａｃｅａｍｏｕｎｔａｓｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄtoAl203whichwas relativelyhigh・Theauthoralsotriedthismethod，ｂｕｔｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｗａｓｎｅｇａｔｉｖｅｂｏｔｈｉｎｔheacidsoilsandtheslightlyalkalinesoils、 Furtller,intheextractsolutionbyNCa(ＣＨ３ＣＯＯ此whichisused indeterminingKappen,sHydrolyzableacidity，ironwasnegative aswelL Table１．ChlorophyllchangesinchloroticpineappleleavesasinHuenced bymineralspraysolutions． Degreeof green color Treat-ment No． Treat-ment No． Degreeof green color Treatment Treatment

Ｉ

＊イ上⑨臼のｏ４任戸、かり庁Ｉ。。ｑＵｎＵ司上ｏ』の⑰４生ＦＤ、、万ｌイ上『上イ上訂上１上勺上１▲イ上Ｍｎ－－Ｆｅｎｎｎ戸辺ワロワ］賃一一一ＭＢＢＢＢＢＢ８９０１２３４５６７８９０１２３１１２２２２２２２２２２３３３３冊十升十１１ＦＢ恥一晩此一晩恥恥一晩恥比恥

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ＭＭｌ地地地一ＭＭＭＭＭ

ｇｇｇｇｇＭｎ－－Ｆｅ舟十舟升Ｍｇ－－ＺｎＢＢＢＢ什升升Ｍｎ－－Ｆｅ舟｜ｈｈｈｇｇＭｌｌＭＢＢＢＭｎ－－Ｆｅ升十十什十升十ＢＢ此一Ⅲ 、ｎＭＭ’ ’’ ９９ＭＭ舟＊Ａｃｉｄｓｏｉｌ冊＝Normalgreencolor H+＝Lightgreencolor ++＝Mottledgreencolor ＋＝Mottledlightgreencolor -＝Yellowishwhitecolor

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－－＝古竺:鹸響､ﾛ､ﾛ゛二…＝w･￣ 2０Ｔ・ＣＨＩＮｚＥＩ Table2ComparisonofFecontentandpHreactionbetweensouthern andnorthernOkinawasoils．Ｄｍｎａ’0：）ｋｉｎｎ,,孚 6717.8010.056％

聯議

４．６１５．６６５．０８４．５１３．８５８１３９７５６７８９３３７．７６７．７４７．０４７．１５７．９１／◎／。／◎／◎／◎／ＣＱ／、／、／α／、／、／ＫＪＲｕ。』１入ｎＵ庁ＩＣ』１▲ｎ℃ｎＵ⑨◎ハエ１▲１上１▲１▲の△１▲ ●●●●●● 、Ｕ《⑪Ｕ（⑪Ｕ（ｎＶｎＶｎＵｑＪｎＵ、）戸、ｎｏｑ）〈０ｑＵ刈玉ｎＵ１ユイ上４４ＦＤｍｍｍｍＤ（Ｄ－Ｄ－Ｄ－Ｄ（Ｄ－Ｄ－Ｄ《の⑧０くり（０・上『上，ＶｎＵｎＶｎＵｎＶの色・几云ｎｏ４生４４－ ○○１上ワ０⑨臼イ上Ｑ／Ｃ／Ｃ／。／ｑ／／◎・ノク／◎／◎／Ｃ ●●●●● （Ⅲ〉ｎＵｎＶｎＵｎＵ 360 370 384 523 ６．１７７．７９６．７２６．６３ 0.7ppm

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2ppm 3ppm 0.042％'4.4ppm Average Average 7ppmｌAverage 1.1ppm Conclusion Thepineappleplantsgrowninthemarlsoilbecamechlorotic andwerefollowedbyastuntedgrowthThereasoｎｍａｙｂｅｍａｉｎｌｙｄｕｅｔｏｐｏｏｒｓｏｉｌａｅｒａｔionandahighpHreaction・Inthiscondition， theplantmaybelackingsomeessentialelements、Therefore，the lackofcertainelementsifsupplementedbyaspray，theplantmay grownormally・Underthisassumption,theauthorusedfivemineral solution，ｉ､eManganeseSulfate，FerrousSulfate，SodiumBorate， MagnesiumSulfateandZincSulfatetoControltheChlorosis・The resultsobtainedshowedthatonlytheFerrousSulfatesolutionwas efTective，whefeas，ｏｔｈｅｒｓolutionswerenotbeneficialforchlorophyll formationConsequently，ｔｈｅｓｐｒａｙｏｆｉｒｏｎａｌｏｎｅｏｎｔｈｅｐｌａｎｔｓwas thebestmethod,butthegrowthheredidnotcorrespoｎｄｔｏｔｈｅｇｒｏｗｔｈｏｆｐｌａｎｔｓｉｎｔｈｅｃｈｅｃｋａｃｉｄｓｏｉＬＴｈｅｒｅａｓｏｎｏｆｓｕｃｈｐｏｏｒｇｒｏｗｔｈｍａｙｂｅｄｕｅｔｏｅｉｔｈｅｒｏｎｅｏｒｓｏｍｅｏfthefollowingfactors： Retardationofgrowthby l）Thelackofsomeelementsotherthantheabovefiveelements、２）Toolittleironinthespraysolutionandfrequencyofap-aplications、３）Theunbalanceofthespraysolutionsandotherelements,etc、４）Injuriouseffectsofmineralsolutionssprayedaccordingto theirconcentrationorquantity・ MOJohnson4）used8percentsolutionofironsulfatefor controlofchlorosisinpineappleplantswithgoodresults・Therefore， tlleauthorintendstousesimilarsolutionsinsteadofthe0.2ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ

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VariousTreatmentsforPineappleCultureinCalcareousSoilsofOkinawa２１閂 ironsulfatesolution・ＴｏｃｏｎｔｒｏｌａｈｉｇｈｐＨｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｏｉmprove thephysicalpropertiesofthemarlsoilwillalsobetheobjectiveof researchinthefuture． Iiter典turecited LBennett，Ｊ、Ｐ．（1931)：Thetreatmentoflime-inducedchlorosiswithironsalts、 UniversityofCalifAgr・Exp・Sta・Circular321. 2．Collins,』.Ｌ、（1949)：History,taxonomyandcultureofthepineapple・Economic Botany、3,335-359. 3．Ichikawa，０（1955)：ChemicalstudiesonthefertilityofJapanesesoils(2)．ＢｕＬｏｆｔｈｅＦａｃｕｌｔｙｏｆＡｇｒ.，UniversityofMiyazaki，１，１２６～133. 4．Johnson，Ⅲ．Ｃ・（1916)：ThesprayingofYellowpineappleplantsonManganese soilswithfromSulphatesolutions、HawaiiSta・PressBu１．５１．５．KamoShita，Ｙ､ｅｔ.ａ１．（1956)：Oneasilysoluble(Hydrolyzable)ironinsoils．』・ｏｆｔｈｅＳｃｉｏｆＳｏｉｌ＆Manure，Japan26,515-6. 6．Spurway,Ｃ､Ｈ・ａｎｄＫＬａｗｔｏｎ（1949)：Soiltesting・MichiganSta・CollegeAgr、ＥｘｐＳｔａ・TechnicalBul、132. 7．Watanabe，Shoichi（1956)：Studyonthepineapple・DepartmentofEconomics， GovernmentoftheRyukyulslands(G・ＲＩ.)． 8．Dept・ｏｆＡｇｒ、Che、.，KyotoUniversity（1950)：MethodsofexperimentsinAgri-culturalChemistry、２ｎｄＥｄ、243. 9．ChneanNitrateEducationalBureau，Inc．（1948)：Bibliographyofminorelements、４ｔｈＥｄ,９３６(6)． ExplanationofPIatel Ｆｉｇ．１．Treatmentfromlefttoright：LNorthernOkinawasoil，２．Calcareous soil，３．Boronadded，４．Zincadded・Ｆｉｇ．２．Treatmentfromlefttoright：LManganeseadded，２．Ironadded，３． Magnesiumadded，４．Ｚｉｎｃ＆Boronadded，５．Manganese＆Boronadded・Ｆｉｇ．３．Treatmentfromlefttoright：１．Ｉｒｏｎ＆Boronadded’２．Magnesium＆ Boronadded，３．Manganese＆Zincadded，４．Ｉｒｏｎ＆Zincadded，５.Magne-sium＆Zincadded、Ｆｉｇ．４．Treatmentfromlefttoright：１．Manganese＆Ironadded，２.Manganese ＆Magnesiumadded，３．Ｉｒｏｎ＆Magnesiumadded，４．Manganese，Ｚｉｎｃ＆ Boronadded，５．Iron，Ｚｉｎｃ＆Boronadded・Ｆｉｇ．５．Treatmentfromlefttoright：１．Magnesium，Ｚｉｎｃ＆Boron，２.Manganese，Ｉｒｏｎ＆Boronadded，３．Manganese，Magnesium＆Boronadded，４．Iron， Magnesium＆Boronadded，５．Manganese，Ｉｒｏｎ＆Zincadded・Ｆｉｇ．６．Treatmentfromlefttoright：１．Manganese，Magnesium＆Zincadded，２．Iron，Magnesium＆Zincadded’３．Ｍanganese，Ｉｒｏｎ＆Magnesiumadded，４．Manganese，Ｉｒｏｎ，Ｚｉｎｃ＆Boronadded，５．Manganese，Magnesium，Ｚｉｎｃ＆Boronadded・Ｆｉｇ．７．Treatmentfromlefttoright：LManganese，Ｉｒｏｎ，Magnesium＆Boron added，２．Manganese，Iron，Magnesium＆Zincadded，３．Iron，Magnesium，Ｚｉｎｃ＆Boronadded，４．Manganese，ＩｒｏｎＭagnesium，Ｚｉｎｃ＆Boronadded．

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2２鎮西：沖縄の石灰質土壌に於けるパインアップル栽培に対する諸種処理試験沖縄の石灰質土壌に於けるパインアップル栽培に対する諸種処理試験（第１報）（摘要）鎮西忠茂パインアップルは酸性愛好植物であることはよく知られている事実である。したがって沖縄では主として中，北部の酸性土壌地帯で栽培され，南部の泥石岩土壌，琉球石灰岩土壌では栽培されていない。著者は上記南部の土壌に栽培したパインアップルが如何なる要素の欠乏によって生育が悪いかを知るために，その手初めとして泥灰岩土壌に栽培した植物に鉄，亜鉛，マグネシュウム，マンガン，棚素の５要素をそれぞれ次の濃度において単独に或はこれ等の組合せ（第１表参照）を作り葉面撒布を試みた。マンガン………0.3％硫酸マグネシュウム＋0.3％生石灰液鉄………0.2,5硫酸第１鉄液マグネシュウム…………0.5％硫酸マグシュウム液１１i鉛…………．………0.5％硫酸亜鉛＋0.5％生石灰液珊素.………ｏ､1％珊砂液その結果鉄のみがChlorosiBを防除出来たが，その生育は尚北部の酸性+自壊に生育したものには及ばなかった（第１表および図参照)。その原因として考えられることは，１）上記５要素以外の成分不足，２）鉄撒布液の濃度がうすすぎるか，撒布頻度が少かつた。３）他成分と撒布液成分とのUnba1anceのため，４）鉄以外の或撒布液成分の害作用，などのうち何れか又は幾つかに原因があると思われる。そのうちの幾分は土壌の物理的性質にもよるであろう。これ等については将来種々試験を行って見る積りである。なお供試石灰土壌(泥灰岩土壌）の鉄は植物にあまり吸収されないが，２，３の方法で可溶性鉄の試験を行ったが試験結果（第２表参照）と植物の生育とは必ずしも一致しないので有効態鉄の検出法は更に適当な方法が案出される必要があろう。