了2的语用教学研究 : 以"谢谢了、対不起了"为例

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Pragmatic Instruction Study of “le 2” :

Using “Xiexiele” and “Duibuqile” as an

example

journal or

publication title

言語教育研究センター研究年報

number

17 page range

101-107

year

2014-03-25

URL

http://hdl.handle.net/10236/14775

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Āњ āⱘ䇁⫼ᬭᄺⷨお

̣ ҹ Ā 䇶䇶 њ ǃ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ ā Ў ՟ ̣

ᕤ䲼ỏ

ᨬ 㽕 ᴀ ᭛ Ң Ā њ ā ⱘ 䇁 ⊩ ᛣ Н Ā 㸼⼎ ᮄ ᚙ މ ⱘ ߎ ⦄ ā ⴔ ᠟ ˈ ᇍ Ā 䇶䇶 њ ǃ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ ā ⱘ Փ ⫼ 䇁 ๗ ੠ 䇁 ⫼ ᬜ ᵰ 䖯㸠 њ ᥶ 䅼 ˖ķ ᔧ 䖭㉏㸼 ⦄ ⫼ Ѣ ᇍ ᇍ ᮍ ୘ ᛣ ⱘ 㿔㸠㸼⼎ ᛳ 䇶 ǃᇍ 㞾 Ꮕ ⱘ 䖛䫭㸼⼎䘧 ℝ ⱘ ᚙ މ ᯊ ˈ ᳝ Ā ⿟ ᑺ ϡ ⏅ ⱘ 䇶 ᛣ ǃ ℝ ᛣ ā ੠ Ā ϡ 䆮 ᙇ ⱘ ᛳ 䇶 ᗕ ᑺ ǃ 䘧 ℝ ᗕ ᑺ ā ⱘ 䇁 ⫼ ᬜ ᵰ ˗ ĸ ᔧ ⫼ Ѣ ܜ 㸠 ᛳ 䇶 ǃܜ 㸠䘧 ℝ ⱘ ᚙ މ ᯊ ˈ᳝Ā ᔎ ࢓ ǃᇚ 㞾 Ꮕ ⱘ ᛇ ⊩ ᔎ ࡴ Ѣ Ҏ āⱘ ᬜ ᵰ ˗Ĺ ᔧ ⫼ Ѣ ᢦ 㒱 ᥹ ফ ᇍ ᮍ ⱘ ᓎ 䆂 ᑊ 㸼⼎ ᛳ 䇶 ǃ 䘧 ℝ ⱘ ᚙ މ ᯊ ˈ ᳝ Ā ྨ ဝ ᢦ 㒱 ā ⱘ 㸼䖒 ᬜ ᵰ Ǆ ݇ 䬂䆡 ᇍ ໪ ∝ 䇁 ᬭ ᄺ 䇁 ⫼ ᄺ ᰒ ᗻ ᮑ Ў হ њ

Abstract Based on the syntactic meanings of “le

2

”, which is used in new situations, this study probes into

the use environment and pragmatic effect of saying

“Xiexiele” and “Duibuqile” in three situations. First,

when the expressions are used as the appreciation for another’s kind manners or as apology for a personal

mistake, it reveals the effects of slight gratitude and apology or an insincere appreciation and apology.

Second, when the expressions are used for appreciation and apology in advance, it reveals the effect of

imposing personal thoughts on others. Third, when the expression is used for appreciation of or an apology

for refusing another’s suggestion, it reveals the pragmatic effect of tactful refusal.

Keywords Teaching Chinese as Foreign Language; Pragmatics; Explicit Performative

Sentence;

le

₂ ᓩ 㿔 ᇍ ↡ 䇁䴲 ∝ 䇁 ⱘ ໪ ೑ Ҏ ᴹ 䇈 ˈĀ њ ā ⱘ д ᕫ ᰃ Ͼ 䲒 ⚍ Ǆ ಴ ℸ ˈ ᇍ Ҫ Ӏ ᴹ 䇈 ˈ ೼ 䇁 ⫼ ሖ 䴶 Ϟ ♉ ⌏ 䖤 ⫼ Ā њ ā 䖭䮼䇒乬 ᰃ ϔ ӊ 䲒 Ϟ ࡴ 䲒 ⱘ џ Ǆ ՟ བ ˈ ⼐䉠 ⫼ 䇁 Ā 䇶䇶 ǃ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 ā 䰘 ࡴ Ϟ Ā њ ā ৢ ⱘ 㸼䖒 ᬜ ᵰ ˈ ᰃ ≵ ᳝ ∝ 䇁䇁 ᛳ ⱘ ໪ ೑ Ҏ 䲒 ҹ ᥠ ᦵ ⱘ Ǆ DĀ ᵫ ᇣ ྤ ˈ 䇋 ୱ ≑ ∈ ʽāĀ 䇶䇶 њ ˈ ϡ ୱ Ǆā EĀ ᵫ ᇣ ྤ ˈ 䇋 ୱ ≑ ∈ ʽāĀ 䇶䇶 ˈ ϡ ୱ Ǆā˄ ᴼ ≿ ǉ 䴦 ᯹ П ℠ Ǌ˅ DĀ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ ˈ ៥ ᳝ џ 㽕 ܜ 䍄 њ ʽā EĀ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 ˈ ៥ ᳝ џ 㽕 ܜ 䍄 њ ʽā˄ 䈋 ℠ 㔥 ˅

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བ ՟ হ ˈ೼ ᢦ 㒱 ᥹ ফ ᇍ ᮍ ⱘ ᓎ 䆂 ᑊ ৥ ᇍ ᮍ 䘧䇶 ⱘ ᚙ މ ϟ ˈĀ 䇶䇶 њ ā↨Ā 䇶䇶 ā਀ 䍋 ᴹ ᳈ ᳝ Ҏ ᚙ ੇ ˈᢦ 㒱 ⱘ ষ ਏ г 䕗 Ў ྨ ဝ Ǆབ ՟ হ ˈ೼ ܜ 㸠䘧 ℝ ⱘ ᚙ މ ϟ ˈĀ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ ā↨Ā ᇍ ϡ 䍋 ā ᳈ 㛑㸼 ⦄ ߎ 䇈䆱 Ҏ ᛇ ܜ 㸠⾏ এ ⱘ ᔎ ࢓ ᗕ ᑺ Ǆ 䖭㉏ ᏺ Ā њ ā ⱘ Ā 䇶䇶 њ ǃ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ ā ⱘ 㸼䖒 ᬜ ᵰ ೼ 䇒 ූ ᬭ ᄺ Ё 䛑剰 ᇥ 㹿 ᦤ ঞ Ǆᴀ ᭛ 䆩 ೒ ҢĀ њ āⱘ 䇁 ⊩ ᛣ НĀ 㸼⼎ ᮄ ᚙ މ ⱘ ߎ ⦄ ā˄ ᴅ ᖋ ❭ ˅ ੠ Ā 䇶䇶 ǃ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 ā ⱘ 䇁 Н ⡍ ᕕ ⴔ ᠟ ˈ ᇍ Ā 䇶䇶 њ ǃ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ ā 䖭㉏ ᏺ Ā њ ā ⱘ ⼐䉠 ⫼ 䇁 ⱘ Փ ⫼ 䇁 ๗ ੠ 䇁 ⫼ ᬜ ᵰ 䖯㸠 ᥶ 䅼 ˈ ᑊ 䗮䖛 Ϣ Ā 䇶䇶 ǃ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 ā ⱘ ᇍ ↨ ˈ ᦤ ߎ ᇍ ໪ ∝ 䇁 ᬭ ᄺ ⱘ ᓎ 䆂 Ǆ Ā 䇶䇶 њ ǃ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ ā ⱘ 䇁 Н ⡍ ᕕ ǉ ⦄ ҷ ∝ 䇁䆡 ݌ ˄ ㄀ ⠜ ˅Ǌ ᇚ Ā 䇶䇶 ǃ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 ā ᷛ 䆄 Ў ࡼ 䆡 Ǆ ঺ ໪ ˈ -/$XVWLQ ᇚĀ 7KDQNǃ$SRORJL]Hā ⳟ ԰ ᰃĀ 㸠 Ў ᓣ˄ %HKDELWLYH˅ā ⱘĀ ᮑ Ў ࡼ 䆡˄ 3HUIRUPDWLYH9HUE˅ā ˈ ᑊ ᇚ ᏺ ᳝ ᮑ Ў ࡼ 䆡 ⱘ ᮑ Ў হ ⿄ Ў Ā ᰒ ᗻ ᮑ Ў হ ˄ ([SOLFLW3HUIRUPDWLYH6HQWHQFH˅ ā Ǆ ᰒ ᗻ ᮑ Ў হ ⱘ ⡍ ᕕ བ ϟ ˖ķ Џ 䇁 Ў ㄀ ϔ Ҏ ⿄ ऩ ᭄ ˗ĸ ᆒ 䇁 Ў ㄀ Ѡ Ҏ ⿄ ˗Ĺ ৃ Ϣ ࡃ 䆡Ā ⡍ ℸ˄ KHUHE\˅ā ৠ ⦄ ˗ ĺ ᮑ Ў ࡼ 䆡 ⫼ Џ ࡼ 䇁 ᗕ ǃ ϔ 㠀 ⦄ ೼ ᯊ Ǆ ៥ Ӏ খ 㗗 -/$XVWLQ ⱘ 䇈 ⊩ ˈ ᇚ Ā 䇶䇶 ǃ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 ā ⳟ ԰ ᰃ ᮑ Ў ࡼ 䆡 Ǆ བ ℸ ϔ ᴹ ˈĀ˄ ៥ ˅ 䇶䇶˄ Դ ˅ǃ˄ ៥ ˅ᇍ ϡ 䍋 ˄ Դ ˅āህ 㸼⼎Ā ៥ ⦄ ೼ ℷ ᇍ Դ ᠻ 㸠㸼⼎ ᛳ 䇶 ǃ䘧 ℝ ⱘ 㸠 Ў āǄ✊ 㗠 ˈ䰘 ࡴ Ϟ Ā њ ā ৢ ˈĀ ᇍ Դ 㸼⼎ ᛳ 䇶 ǃ 䘧 ℝ ⱘ 㸠 Ў þ ⦄ ೼ ℷ 㹿 ៥ ᠻ 㸠 ÿ ā 䖭 ϔ 䇁 Н ህ 䕀 ব Ў Ā ᇍ Դ 㸼⼎ ᛳ 䇶 ǃ䘧 ℝ ⱘ 㸠 Ўþ Ꮖ 㹿 ៥ ᠻ 㸠 њ ÿā ˈ䖭 ህ 㸼⼎Ā ៥ ⦄ ೼ ≵ ೼ ᇍ Դ ᠻ 㸠㸼⼎ ᛳ 䇶 ǃ䘧 ℝ ⱘ 㸠 Ў āǄ ঺ ໪ ˈĀ 䇶䇶 ǃ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 ā 䰸 њ ԰ ᮑ Ў ࡼ 䆡 ҹ ໪ ˈ 䖬 ⫼ Ѣ 䇈䆱 Ҏ ᇍ ਀ 䆱 Ҏ ѻ ⫳ 䇶 ᛣ ǃ ℝ ᛣ ⱘ ᚙ މ Ǆ ಴ ℸ ˈ ᏺ ᳝ Ā њ ā ⱘ Ā˄ ៥ ˅ 䇶䇶 ˄ Դ ˅ њ ǃ˄ ៥ ˅ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 ˄ Դ ˅ њ ā ህ 㸼⼎ Ā ៥ ᇍ Դ ѻ ⫳ 䇶 ᛣ ǃ ℝ ᛣ њ āǄ ⬅ Ϟ ৃ ⶹ ˈĀ 䇶䇶 њ ǃ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ ā ⱘ 䇁 Н ᳝ Ѡ ˖ ϔ ᰃ Ā ៥ Ꮖ ᇍ Դ ᠻ 㸠 њ 㸼⼎ ᛳ 䇶 ǃ 䘧 ℝ ⱘ 㸠 Ў њ ā˗Ѡ ᰃĀ ៥ ᇍ Դ ѻ ⫳ 䇶 ᛣ ǃℝ ᛣ њ āǄ೼ 䖭 ϸ ⾡䇁 Н ⱘ ԰ ⫼ ϟ ˈᑊ ḍ ᥂ Փ ⫼ 䇁 ๗ ⱘ ϡ ৠ ˈĀ 䇶䇶 њ ǃ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ ā ህ Ӯ 㸡 ⫳ ߎ ϡ ৠ ⱘ 䇁 ⫼ ᬜ ᵰ Ǆ Ā 䇶䇶 њ ǃ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ ā ⱘ Փ ⫼ 䇁 ๗ ੠ 䇁 ⫼ ᬜ ᵰ 䇁 ᭭ ᰒ ⼎ ˈĀ 䇶䇶 њ ǃ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ ā Џ 㽕 ⫼ Ѣ ҹ ϟ ϝ ⾡䇁 ๗ ˖ ķ ᇍ ᇍ ᮍ ୘ ᛣ ⱘ 㿔㸠㸼⼎ ᛳ 䇶 ǃ ᇍ 㞾 Ꮕ ⱘ 䖛䫭㸼⼎䘧 ℝ ⱘ ᚙ މ ˗ĸ ܜ 㸠 ᛳ 䇶 ǃܜ 㸠䘧 ℝ ⱘ ᚙ މ ˗Ĺ ೼ ᢦ 㒱 ᥹ ফ ᇍ ᮍ ᓎ 䆂 ᯊ 㸼⼎ ᛳ 䇶 ǃ 䘧 ℝ ⱘ ᚙ މ Ǆ

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ᇍ ᇍ ᮍ ୘ ᛣ ⱘ 㿔㸠㸼⼎ ᛳ 䇶 ǃ ᇍ 㞾 Ꮕ ⱘ 䖛䫭㸼⼎䘧 ℝ ⱘ ᚙ މ ᔧĀ 䇶䇶 њ ǃᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ ā⫼ Ѣ ᇍ ᇍ ᮍ ୘ ᛣ ⱘ 㿔㸠㸼⼎ ᛳ 䇶 ǃᇍ 㞾 Ꮕ ⱘ 䖛䫭㸼⼎䘧 ℝ ⱘ ᚙ މ ᯊ ˈ Ӯ 㸡 ⫳ ߎ Ā ⿟ ᑺ ϡ ⏅ ⱘ 䇶 ᛣ ǃ ℝ ᛣ ā ੠ Ā ϡ 䆮 ᙇ ⱘ ᛳ 䇶 ᗕ ᑺ ǃ 䘧 ℝ ᗕ ᑺ ā ⱘ 䇁 ⫼ ᬜ ᵰ Ǆ ⿟ ᑺ ϡ ⏅ ⱘ 䇶 ᛣ ǃ ℝ ᛣ 䇋 ⳟ ϟ 䴶 ϸ Ͼ ՟ হ ˖ Ā శ ˈԴ ᡒ ⥟ ᷵ 䭓 Ǆཌྷ ᨀ ࠄ ᓘ ো এ њ Ǆā䙷 ཛ ཇ 䇈 ᅠ ˈ⭥ ᚥ ഄ 䯂 ˖Ā Դ ᰃ ཌྷ Ҕ М Ҏ ˛ ā ᰧ ढ 乓 њ ϔ ϟ ˈ৿ ュ ᇍ 䙷 ཛ ཇ 䇈 ˖Ā ៥ ᡒ ཌྷ ᳝ ⚍ џ ˈ䇶䇶 њ Ǆā֓ ࣚ ࣚ 䍄 њ Ǆ˄ श ᮄ ढǉ Ӹ ⮩ Ǌ˅ Ā 䇕 ⱘ ޠ ᖫ 䔺 ˛ ᣵ ⴔ ៥ ⱘ 䔺 њ ˈ ᐂ ᖭ ᣾ ϔ ϟ ˈ 䇕 ⱘ ޠ ᖫ 䔺 ˛ āĀ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ ྤ ྤ ˈ ៥ 䖭 ህ 㒭 ᙼ ᣾ Ǆā˄ ⬉ 㾚 ࠻ ˖ǉ 䞡 Ḝ Ď 㒘 Ǌ˅ 䇈䆱 Ҏ ೼ 㸼䖒⿟ ᑺ ϡ ⏅ ⱘ 䇶 ᛣ ǃℝ ᛣ ᯊ ˈϔ 㠀 ⫼ ᏺĀ њ āⱘĀ 䇶䇶 њ ǃᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ āᴹ 㸼䖒 Ǆ བ ࠡ ᠔ 䗄 ˈĀ 䇶䇶 њ ǃ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ ā 䰸 њ 㸼⼎ Ā ៥ ᇍ Դ ѻ ⫳ 䇶 ᛣ ǃ ℝ ᛣ њ ā ҹ ໪ ˈ 䖬㸼⼎ Ā ៥ Ꮖ ᇍ Դ ᠻ 㸠 њ 㸼⼎ ᛳ 䇶 ǃ 䘧 ℝ ⱘ 㸠 Ў њ ˈ े ៥ ⦄ ೼ ≵ ೼ ᇍ Դ ᠻ 㸠㸼⼎ ᛳ 䇶 ǃ 䘧 ℝ ⱘ 㸠 Ў āǄ ಴ ℸ ˈ Ϣ 㸼⼎ Ā ៥ ⦄ ೼ ℷ ᇍ Դ ᠻ 㸠㸼⼎ ᛳ 䇶 ǃ 䘧 ℝ ⱘ 㸠 Ў ā ⱘ Ā 䇶䇶 ǃ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 ā Ⳍ ↨ ˈĀ 䇶䇶 њ ǃ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ ā᠔ ਜ ⦄ ⱘ 䇶 ᛣ ᑺ ǃℝ ᛣ ᑺ ህ ≵ ᳝Ā 䇶䇶 ǃᇍ ϡ 䍋 āᴹ ᕫ 催 Ǆ䖭 ህ ϡ 䲒 ⧚ 㾷 Ў ԩĀ 䇶䇶 њ ǃᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ ā ᐌ ⫼ Ѣ 䇈䆱 Ҏ ᛇ 㸼䖒㞾 Ꮕ ⎵ ⎵ ⱘ 䇶 ᛣ ǃ ℝ ᛣ ⱘ 䇁 ๗ њ Ǆ ՟ হ ⱘ 䇁 ๗ ᰃ 䇈䆱 Ҏ ˄ ᰧ ढ ˅ ᛇ 䍊㋻䗗⾏ ᇍ ᮍ ։ ⢃ 㞾 Ꮕ 䱤⾕ ⱘ ᦤ 䯂 ˈ ⫼ Ā 䇶䇶 њ ā 㸼䖒 ᅠ 䇶 ᛣ ৢ ˈ ህ ᖿ 䗳⾏ ᓔ ⱘ ᚙ މ Ǆ ՟ হ ᰃ 䇈䆱 Ҏ ˄ ޠ ᖫ 䔺 ⱘ 䔺 Џ ˅ ᇍ 㞾 Ꮕ ⱘ 䔺 ᣵ ࠄ њ ᇍ ᮍ ⱘ 䔺䖭 ӊ џ ˈ⫼Ā ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ ā㸼䖒 ᅠ ℝ ᛣ ৢ ˈህ ޚ ໛ ᇚ 䔺⿏ ᓔ ⱘ ᚙ މ Ǆ䖭 ϸ Ͼ ՟ হ 䛑 ᰃ 䇈䆱 Ҏ ᛇ 䍊㋻ ᇚ 䇶 ᛣ ǃℝ ᛣ 㸼䖒 ᅠ ৢ ˈህ 偀 Ϟ خ ϟ Ͼ 㸠 ࡼ ⱘ 䇁 ๗ Ǆ䖭⾡ ᛇ 䍊㋻䘧 ᅠ 䇶 ǃ䘧 ᅠ ℝ ৢ ህ 偀 Ϟ خ ϟ Ͼ 㸠 ࡼ ⱘ ᛇ ⊩ 䗴 ៤ 䇈䆱 Ҏ ⫼Ā 䇶䇶 њ ǃᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ āᏺ ߎĀ ៥ Ꮖ ᇍ Դ 㸼䖒 ᅠ 䇶 ᛣ ǃℝ ᛣ њ ˈ᥹ ϟ ᴹ ៥ 㽕 خ ߿ ⱘ џ њ ā ⱘ ᛣ ᗱ Ǆ ಴ ℸ ˈ ՟ হ ǃ Ё ⱘ Ā 䇶䇶 њ ǃ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ ā ህ Ӯ 㹿 ⧚ 㾷 Ў 䇶 ᛣ ᑺ ǃ ℝ ᛣ ᑺ 䕗 Ԣ ⱘ 㸼䖒 ᮍ ᓣ Ǆ 㢹 ᇚ ՟ হ ǃ Ё ⱘ Ā 䇶䇶 њ ǃ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ ā ᤶ ៤ Ā 䇶䇶 ǃ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 āˈ 䇁 Н ህ ব Ў Ā ៥ ⦄ ೼ ℷ ᇍ Դ ᠻ 㸠㸼⼎ ᛳ 䇶 ǃ䘧 ℝ ⱘ 㸠 Ў ā Ǆབ ℸ ϔ ᴹ ˈ䇶 ᛣ ᑺ ǃℝ ᛣ ᑺ ህ Ӯ 䎳 ⴔ ᦤ छ ˈ೼ 㸼䖒 Ϟ г ህ ᳈ ࡴ ⼐䉠 Ǆ ϡ 䆮 ᙇ ⱘ ᛳ 䇶 ᗕ ᑺ ǃ 䘧 ℝ ᗕ ᑺ ⬅ Ѣ Ā 䇶䇶 њ ǃ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ ā ⱘ 䇁 Н ᰃ Ā ៥ Ꮖ ᇍ Դ ᠻ 㸠 њ 㸼⼎ ᛳ 䇶 ǃ 䘧 ℝ ⱘ 㸠 Ў њ āˈ ᠔ ҹ 䖭

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㉏㸼 ⦄ ህ Ӯ 㸡 ⫳ ߎ Ā ៥ Ꮖ ᇚ 㸼⼎ ᛳ 䇶 ǃ 䘧 ℝ ⱘ 㸠 Ў ᠻ 㸠 ᅠ ↩ ˈ ៥ Ꮖ ϡ ݡ 䘧䇶 ǃ 䘧 ℝ њ ā ⱘ ৿ Н Ǆ ಴ ℸ ˈ㢹䇈䆱 Ҏ ⫼Ā 䇶䇶 њ ǃᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ āᴹ 䘧䇶 ǃ䘧 ℝ ˈህ Ӯ 㒭 ਀ 䆱 Ҏ ᳝Ā ϡ ᰃ ᠧ ᖗ ᑩ 䘧䇶 ǃ䘧 ℝ ā ҹ ঞ Ā ᗕ ᑺ ϡ 䆮 ᙇ ā ⱘ ॄ 䈵 Ǆ Ā Ă Ă ˈ ⦄ ೼ ᠡ থ ⦄ ˈ Դ Ӏ ᰃ ད Ҏ Ǆā ྥ ࿬ 㱑 ✊ 䇈 ᕫ ᕜ ⳳ 䆮 ˈ া ᰃ ⥟ ⍋ ⡍ ߿ 䅼 ॠ ߿ Ҏ 䇈 Ҫ ᰃ ད Ҏ ˈህ 㾝 ᕫ ᗑ ✊ ≵ ᛣ ᗱ 䍋 ᴹ Ǆг ϡ ⶹ 䘧 Ҕ М ᯊ ׭ ˈҪ ᓔ ྟ 䅼 ॠ ད Ҏ 䖭 Ͼ ⿄ ੐ ˈ಴ Ў ⼒ Ӯ Ϟ ᮽ Ꮖ 㒣 ᡞ 䖭 Ͼ ད Ҏ 䇈䍄 њ ੇ ܓ ˈᕔ ᕔ 䇈䇕䇕 ᰃ ད Ҏ ˈህ ੠ 䇈䇕䇕 ⡍ ߿ ≵ ⫼ ϔ ḋ Ǆ г ᰃ 㾝 ᕫ ໽ ϡ ᮽ њ ˈ ህ 䇈 ˖Ā 䇶䇶 њ ˈ ៥ 㽕䍄 њ Ǆā˄ ᓴ ᅛ ǉ 䕃 ᔅ Ǌ˅ ՟ হ ⱘ 䇈䆱 Ҏ ˄ ⥟ ⍋ ˅ ಴ ᇍ Ā ད Ҏ ā 䖭 Ͼ 䌲㕢䆡 ᢅ ᳝ ϡ ҹ Ў ✊ ⱘ ᗕ ᑺ ˈ ᠔ ҹ ⫼ 䇶 ᛣ ᑺ 䕗 Ԣ ⱘĀ 䇶䇶 њ āᴹ 㸼⼎㞾 Ꮕ ᑊ 䴲 ᠧ ᖗ ᑩ ᛳ 䇶 ᇍ ᮍ ⱘ 䌲㕢 Ǆ䖭䞠㢹 ⫼Ā 䇶䇶 ā䘧䇶 ˈ਀ 䍋 ᴹ ህ ڣ ᰃ ⳳ ᖗ ᛳ 䇶 ᇍ ᮍ Ԑ ⱘ ˈ г Ӯ 㒭 Ҏ ᳝ 䕗 Ў 䆮 ᙇ ⱘ ᛳ 㾝 Ǆ ཌྷ Ӏ ⶹ 䘧 ˈ 㞾 Ꮕ ᛍ ϟ ⱘ х ᄤ ϡ ᇥ ˈ Ă Ă ˈ ϸ Ҏ ᴹ ࠄ њ 㑶㒿 ⱘ 䑿 ࠡ ˈ ৥ ϸ ༈ 䫊 ⤓ ϔ ᣅ ᠟ ˖ Ā ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ ˈ߮ ᠡ ᩌ њ Դ Ӏ ⱘ ༈ ˈϡ ⶹ 䘧 Դ Ӏ ⱘ ༈ ᰃ ᩌ ϡ ᕫ ⱘ ˈҔ М ᯊ ׭ ˈㄝ ៥ Ӏ 㒗 ៤ њ ܼ 䑿 Ӯ ݦ ☿ ⱘ ᴀ 乚 ˈ ݡ ᴹ ᩌ Դ Ӏ ৻ Ǆā˄ ׾ ࣵ ǉ ⚜ ☿ ཇ Ǌ˅ ঺ ໪ ˈ བ ৠ ՟ হ ⱘ 䇁 ๗ ˈ ℝ ᛣ ᑺ 䕗 Ԣ ⱘ Ā ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ ā г ᐌ 㹿 ⫼ Ѣ 䇈䆱 Ҏ 㾝 ᕫ ϡ ᅠ ܼ ᰃ 㞾 Ꮕ ⱘ 䫭 ˈҹ ঞ ᇍ 㞾 Ꮕ ᠔ ⢃ ϟ ⱘ 䫭 خ 䕽㾷 ⱘ ᚙ މ Ǆ䖭 ᰃ ಴ Ў 䇈䆱 Ҏ ᠧ ㅫ 䘧 ᅠ ℝ ৢ ˈህ 偀 Ϟ 䖯㸠䕽㾷 ⱘ ࡼ ԰ ˈ᠔ ҹ ϟ ᛣ 䆚 ഄ ᛇ 䍊㋻ ᇚ 䘧 ℝ ⱘ 㸠 Ў ᠻ 㸠 ᅠ ↩ ˈ಴ ℸ ˈህ 䞛 ⫼ ᏺ ᳝Ā ៥ Ꮖ ᇚ 㸼⼎䘧 ℝ ⱘ 㸠 Ў ᠻ 㸠 ᅠ ↩ ˈ ៥ Ꮖ ϡ ݡ 䘧 ℝ њ ā ⱘ ৿ Н ⱘ Ā ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ ā ᴹ 䖯㸠䕽㾷 ᓣ ⱘ 䘧 ℝ Ǆ ঺ ໪ ˈ Ң ՟ হ ⱘ 䇁 ๗ ৃ ⶹ ˈ 䕽㾷 ᓣ 䘧 ℝ ϔ 㠀 ᰃ ϡ 䆮 ᙇ ⱘ Ǆ 䗮䖛 ⱘ 㗗 ᆳ ৃ ⶹ ˈĀ 䇶䇶 њ ǃ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ ā 㢹 ⫼ Ѣ ᇍ ᇍ ᮍ ୘ ᛣ ⱘ 㿔㸠㸼⼎ ᛳ 䇶 ǃ ᇍ 㞾 Ꮕ ⱘ 䖛䫭㸼⼎䘧 ℝ ⱘ 䇁 ๗ ϟ ˈህ Ӯ 㒭 Ҏ ᳝Ā ≵ 䙷 М ⼐䉠 ǃ≵ 䙷 М 䆮 ᙇ āⱘ ॄ 䈵 Ǆ಴ ℸ ˈ䖭㉏㸼 ⦄ ϡ 㛑 ೼ Ϟ 䗄䇁 ๗ Ё ᇍ 䭓䕜 ੠ ϡ ❳ ᙝ ⱘ ᳟ ট Փ ⫼ Ǆ ܜ 㸠 ᛳ 䇶 ǃ ܜ 㸠䘧 ℝ ⱘ ᚙ މ ˖ ᔎ ࢓ ǃ ᇚ 㞾 Ꮕ ⱘ ᛇ ⊩ ᔎ ࡴ Ѣ Ҏ 䇋 ⳟ ϟ 䴶 ϸ Ͼ ՟ হ ˖ ⥟ 㺩 བ 㗕 Ꮬ ˈ៥ ᡞ Դ ᔧ ៤ ᕜ ད ⱘ ᳟ ট њ ǄԴ 㛑 ᐂ ᐂ ៥ ৫ ˛ Դ 㛑 ᐂ ៥ ߚ ᵤ ߚ ᵤ ᰃ ᗢ ḋ ϔ ⾡ ᖗ ⧚ ⢊ މ ˈ 㛑 ᐂ ៥ 㾷㜅 ߎ ᴹ ৫ ˛ 䇋 ಲ ֵ 㒭 ៥ ད ৫ ˛ 䇶䇶 њ ʽ ៥ ㄝ ׭ Դ ⱘ ㄨ ໡ ʽ˄ ⥟ 㺩 བ

(6)

ǉ ϡ ᅝ ⱘ ໾ 䰇 ü Ё ೑ ㄀ ϔ ҷ ⣀ ⫳ ᄤ ཇ ᖗ ⧚ ᥶ ㋶ Ǌ˅ 䖬 ᳝ ѯ ᆊ 䭓 ᏺ ⴔ %3 ᴎ ǃ ໻ હ ໻ ࠄ ໘ 䎥 ˈ 㗕 Ꮬ ᛇ ੠ Ҫ Ѹ ⌕ ϔ ϟ ᄽ ᄤ ᚙ މ ৻ ˈ ञ Ͼ ᳜ г ᡒ ϡ ࠄ Ҏ ᓔ ᆊ 䭓 Ӯ ˈད ϡ ᆍ ᯧ Ҏ ᴹ њ ˈै জ ᇍ 㗕 Ꮬ 䇈Ā ᄽ ᄤ Ѹ 㒭 ᙼ њ 䆹 ᠧ ህ ᠧ ˈ䆹偖 ህ 偖 ˈ ៥ 偀 Ϟ ᳝ ヨ ⫳ ᛣ 㽕䇜 ˈ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ Ǆā ࣚ ࣚ 㗠 এ Ǆ˄ ࣫ Ҁ ໻ ᄺ ∝ 䇁䇁㿔 ᄺ ⷨ お Ё ᖗ 䇁 ᭭ ᑧ ˅ 㽕 ᇍ ҹ ৢ ৃ 㛑 থ ⫳ ⱘ џ ǃ ᇚ 㽕 থ ⫳ ⱘ џ ܜ 㸼⼎ ᛳ 䇶 ǃ 䘧 ℝ ᯊ ˈ ᮶ ৃ ⫼ Ā 䇶䇶 ǃ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 āˈ г ৃ ⫼ Ā 䇶䇶 њ ǃ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ āǄ Ԛ 䇈䆱 Ҏ 㢹 ᰃ ᔎ ⚜ ഄ Ꮰ ᳯ 㞾 Ꮕ ᠔ ᛳ 䇶 ⱘ џ ǃ ᠔ 䘧 ℝ ⱘ џ 㛑 ໳ থ ⫳ ⱘ 䆱 ˈ ϔ 㠀 ⫼ 㸼⼎ Ā ៥ Ꮖ ᇍ Դ ᠻ 㸠 њ 㸼⼎ ᛳ 䇶 ǃ 䘧 ℝ ⱘ 㸠 Ў њ ā ⱘ Ā 䇶䇶 њ ǃ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ ā ᴹ 㸼䖒 Ǆ 䖭 ᰃ ಴ Ў ೼ џ ᚙ 䖬 ≵ থ ⫳ П ࠡ ˈ㢹 ܜ ᇚ 㸼⼎ ᛳ 䇶 ǃ䘧 ℝ ⱘ 㸠 Ў ᠻ 㸠 ᅠ ↩ ⱘ 䆱 ˈህ ད ڣ 䖭 ӊ џ Ꮖ ⹂ ᅮ Ӯ থ ⫳ Ԑ ⱘ Ǆ಴ ℸ ˈ䖭 ḋ ⱘ ᛳ 䇶 ǃ䘧 ℝ ᮍ ᓣ ᰃ ϡ 䅽 ᇍ ᮍ ᳝ 䗝 ᢽ ಲ 䙓 џ ᚙ থ ⫳ ⱘ ᴎ Ӯ ˈህ Ӯ 㒭 Ҏ ᳝Ā ᔎ ࢓ ǃᇚ 㞾 Ꮕ ⱘ ᛇ ⊩ ᔎ ࡴ Ѣ Ҏ āⱘ ॄ 䈵 ˈ᳝ ᯊ г Ӯ ব ៤ ϡ ⼐䉠 ⱘ 㸼 ⦄ Ǆ՟ হ ⱘĀ 䇶䇶 њ ā ᰒ ⼎ ߎ 䇈䆱 Ҏ ˄ ៥ ˅ ᔎ ⚜ ഄ ᳳ ᕙ 㛑 ᕫ ࠄ ᇍ ᮍ ˄ ⥟ 㺩 བ 㗕 Ꮬ ˅ ⱘ ಲ ֵ Ǆ ՟ হ ⱘ 䇈䆱 Ҏ ˄ ᆊ 䭓 ˅ ಴ Ў ≵ ᯊ 䯈 ੠ ᇍ ᮍ˄ 㗕 Ꮬ ˅Ѹ ⌕ ˈᛇ џ ܜ ⾏ এ ˈ᠔ ҹ ⫼Ā ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ āᴹ 䖯㸠 ܜ 㸠䘧 ℝ ˈՓ ᇍ ᮍ ϡ ᕫ ϡ ܕ 䆌㞾 Ꮕ 㽕⾏ ᓔ Ӯ എ ⱘ џ ᅲ Ǆ ڣ ᰃ 䖭⾡䰘 ࡴ Ā њ ā ⱘ ܜ 㸠 ᛳ 䇶 ǃ ܜ 㸠䘧 ℝ ᰃ 䇈䆱 Ҏ ᇚ 㞾 Ꮕ ⱘ ᛇ ⊩ ᔎ ࡴ Ѣ Ҏ ˈ ϡ Ԛ Ӯ 䅽 ᇍ ᮍ ᛳ ফ ϡ ࠄ 䆮 ᛣ ˈ г Ӯ 䗴 ៤ ᇍ ᮍ ⱘ ϡ ᛝ ᖿ_{Ǆ Ϣ ℸ Ⳍ ᇍ ˈ 㢹 Ϟ 䴶 ⱘ} ՟ হ ⫼ ϡ ᏺ Ā њ ā ⱘ Ā 䇶䇶 ǃ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 ā 㸼䖒 ˈ ህ ≵ ᳝ Ā 䇈䆱 Ҏ ϡ 㒭 ਀ 䆱 Ҏ ᳝ 䗝 ᢽ ⱘ ᴎ Ӯ ā ⱘ ৿ Н ˈ ህ ↨ 䕗 ≵ ᳝ Ā ᔎ ࢓ ǃ ᇚ 㞾 Ꮕ ⱘ ᛇ ⊩ ᔎ ࡴ Ѣ Ҏ ā ⱘ ॄ 䈵 Ǆ ᢦ 㒱 ᥹ ফ ᇍ ᮍ ᓎ 䆂 ᯊ 㸼⼎ ᛳ 䇶 ǃ 䘧 ℝ ⱘ ᚙ މ ˖ ྨ ဝ ᢦ 㒱 ೼ ᢦ 㒱 ᥹ ফ ᇍ ᮍ ᓎ 䆂 ᯊ ˈ ⫼ Ā 䇶䇶 њ ǃ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ ā 㸼⼎ ᛳ 䇶 ǃ 䘧 ℝ ⱘ 䆱 ˈ ህ ᳝ Ā ྨ ဝ ᢦ 㒱 ā ⱘ 䇁 ⫼ ᬜ ᵰ Ǆ Ā 䇶䇶 њ ā ⱘ ᚙ މ ˖ 䇈䆱 Ҏ ᥹ ফ њ ᇍ ᮍ ⱘ ད ᛣ ˈ ᑊ ᇍ ℸ ᠻ 㸠㸼⼎ ᛳ 䇶 ⱘ 㸠 Ў њ 䇋 ⳟ ϟ 䴶 ⱘ ՟ হ ˖ Ā 䴭 ˈ ៥ 㽕 ᰃ ⅏ њ ˈ ህ ᡞ 䖭 ᠔ ᠓ ᄤ 㒭 Դ ৻ Ǆā ໿ Ҏ ュ њ 䍋 ᴹ ǄĀ 乎 ֓ ᡞ ഄ Ⲃ г 㒭 ៥ ৻ Ǆā 1 _{ҹ ϟ В ߎ ⫼ Ѣ ܜ 㸠䘧 ℝ ⱘ Ā ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ āˈ Ԛ ै ϡ ݋ 䇈䆱 Ҏ ᔎ ࢓ ᗕ ᑺ ⱘ ՟ হ Ǆ} ৊ Ѻ ⏅ ⳟ ᖗ ᙳ ϔ ᣇ ᬏ ᴹ ˈᰃ ϔ ᢯Ā 䖯䗔 ϸ 䲒 āˈঠ ᣇ ৥ ⴔ Ҫ ⱘ ਼ 䑿 ᭄ ໘ 㺁 ᴹ ˈҪ ↿ ᮴ 䗔 ߎ ⱘ ᴎ Ӯ ˈ 䖭 ᛣ ᗱ ህ ᰃ 㽕 Ҫ 䴲 ߎ ᠟ ϡ ৃ Ǆ Ҫ 㾕 ᣇ ࢓ ᴹ ᕫ ⫮ ᗹ ˈা ད 䇈 њ ϔ ໄĀ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ Ǆā✊ ৢ Փ ߎ 㞾 Ꮕ 㞾 ߯ ⱘ ᢯ ᓣ ᴹ ᑨ ᇍ ᖗ ᙳ ⱘ ᬏ ߏ Ǆ˄ 䇶 ໽ ǉ 䴶 ݋ Ǌ˅ 䇈䆱 Ҏ˄ ৊ Ѻ ⏅ ˅಴ 㹿䘐 ᕫ ≵ ࡲ ⊩ ˈ᠔ ҹ ϡ ᕫ ϡ ߎ ᠟ Ǆ ڣ ᰃ 䖭⾡ ⫼ ϡ ᕫ Ꮖ ⱘ ᖗ ᚙ ᠔ 䘧 ߎ ⱘĀ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ ā ᰃ ϡ ݋ Ā ᔎ ࢓ ǃ ᇚ 㞾 Ꮕ ⱘ ᛇ ⊩ ᔎ ࡴ Ѣ Ҏ ā ⱘ 㡆 ᔽ ⱘ Ǆ

(7)

Ā ഄ Ⲃ ᰃ Ҏ ᆊ ⱘ ˈ䖭 ৃ ≵ ࡲ ⊩ ǄԚ ᰃ ៥ ᠔ ᳝ ⱘ ϰ 㽓䛑㒭 Դ ǄāĀ 䇶䇶 њ Ǆৃ ᰃ 䙷 ѯ ໪ ᭛ к ˈ ៥ г ≵ ⫼ ੉ Ǆā˄ Ё ᮹ ᇍ 䆥䇁 ᭭ ᑧ ǉ ᖗ ˄ 䆥 ᭛ ˅Ǌ བ ՟ হ ˈ೼ ᢦ 㒱 ᥹ ফ ᇍ ᮍ ⱘ ᓎ 䆂 ᑊ ৥ ᇍ ᮍ 䘧䇶 ⱘ 䇁 ๗ ϟ ˈĀ 䇶䇶 њ ā↨Ā 䇶䇶 ā਀ 䍋 ᴹ ᳈ ࡴ ྨ ဝ Ǆ 䖭 ᰃ ಴ Ў Ā 䇶䇶 ā 䰘 ࡴ Ϟ Ā њ ā ৢ ˈ 䰸 њ ৥ ᇍ ᮍ 㸼⼎ Ā ៥ ᇍ Դ ѻ ⫳ 䇶 ᛣ њ ā ҹ ໪ ˈ ৠ ᯊ 䖬 ৥ ᇍ ᮍ Ӵ 䖒 Ā ៥ Ꮖ ᥹ ফ њ Դ ⱘ ད ᛣ ˈ ᑊ ᇍ ℸ ᠻ 㸠 њ 㸼⼎ ᛳ 䇶 ⱘ 㸠 Ў њ ā ⱘ ᛣ ᗱ Ǆ г ህ ᰃ 䇈 ˈ Ā 䇶䇶 њ āᏺ ᳝Ā ៥ 㱑 ✊ ᢦ 㒱 њ Դ ⱘ ᓎ 䆂 ˈԚ Դ ⱘ ད ᛣ ៥ ᖗ 乚 њ āⱘ 㿔 ໪ П ᛣ Ǆ಴ ℸ ˈ⫼Ā 䇶䇶 њ āᢦ 㒱 ᇍ ᮍ ˈህ ᰒ ᕫ ↨ 䕗 ᳝ Ҏ ᚙ ੇ ˈ䖯㗠 ህ ᳝Ā ྨ ဝ ᢦ 㒱 āⱘ 䇁 ⫼ ᬜ ᵰ Ǆ՟ হ ⱘĀ 䇶䇶 њ ā ᏺ ߎ њ Ā Դ ⱘ к ៥ 㱑 ✊ ϡ 㽕 ˈ Ԛ Դ 㽕 ᡞ к 䗕㒭 ៥ ⱘ ད ᛣ ˈ ៥ ᖗ 乚 њ ā ⱘ ᛣ ᗱ Ǆ 䖭䞠㢹 ⫼ Ā 䇶䇶 ā 㸼䖒 ˈ ህ ≵ ᳝ Ϟ 䗄 ⱘ 㿔 ໪ П ᛣ ˈ ਀ 䍋 ᴹ ህ ڣ ᰃ ᔶ ᓣ ࣪ ⱘ ᅶ ༫ 㸼 ⦄ Ǆ Ā ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ ā ⱘ ᚙ މ ˖ 䇈䆱 Ҏ ᮴ ⊩ ᥹ ফ ᇍ ᮍ ⱘ ད ᛣ ˈ ᑊ ᇍ ℸ ᠻ 㸠㸼⼎䘧 ℝ ⱘ 㸠 Ў њ 䇋 ⳟ ϟ 䴶 ⱘ ՟ হ ˖ 㗕 ⠌ ˈ ៥ ⶹ 䘧 ˈ Դ Ў ཇ ܓ ⱘ ᳾ ᴹ ᢙ ᖗ ˈ Ă Ă ៥ ֱ 䆕 ˈ ៥ ϡ Ӯ ݡ 䖭 ḋ 䅽 ᙼ ᪡ ᖗ њ ˈ 䍋 ⷕ 㽕 ԰ Ͼ 䅽 ᙼ ᬒ ᖗ ⱘ ཇ ܓ ǄԚ ˈ៥ 䖬 ᰃ 㽕 ᇍ ᙼ 䇈 ˈᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ ˈ㗕 ⠌ Ǆབ ᵰ Դ 䖬 ೼ ᛇ ⴔ ᡒ ཇ ၓ ˈᙼ 䖬 ᛇ ⴔ ᢅ ᄭ ᄤ ˈ៥ ⳳ ⱘ া ᳝ 䇈䖭 ϝ Ͼ ᄫ њ ˈĂ Ă ˈҎ ⌏ ⴔ ᕜ 䲒 ˈᕜ 䲒 ˈৃ ᰃ ᖿ Ф ै ᰃ 䕀 ⶀ 㗠䗱 ⱘ ˈ ៥ ϡ ᛇ 㗕 њ ৢ ᙨ Ǆ˄ 䈋 ℠ 㔥 ˅ བ ՟ হ ˈ೼ ᢦ 㒱 ᥹ ফ ᇍ ᮍ ᦤ ߎ ⱘ ᓎ 䆂 ᑊ ৥ ᇍ ᮍ 䘧 ℝ ⱘ ᚙ މ ϟ ˈг ᰃĀ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ ā↨Ā ᇍ ϡ 䍋 ā ਀ 䍋 ᴹ ᳈ ࡴ ྨ ဝ Ǆ ੠ Ā 䇶䇶 њ ā ⱘ ॳ ⧚ ϔ ḋ ˈ ⫼ ᏺ Ā њ ā ⱘ Ā ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ ā 䘧 ℝ ⱘ 䆱 ˈ 䰸 њ ৥ ᇍ ᮍ 㸼⼎Ā ៥ ᇍ Դ ѻ ⫳ ℝ ᛣ њ āҹ ໪ ˈৠ ᯊ 䖬 ਞ 䆝 ᇍ ᮍĀ ៥ ᮴ ⊩ ᥹ ফ Դ ⱘ ད ᛣ ˈᑊ ᇍ ℸ ᠻ 㸠 њ 㸼⼎䘧 ℝ ⱘ 㸠 Ў њ āǄ བ ℸ ϔ ᴹ ˈ г ህ 㛑 ׳ ℸ Ӵ 䖒 Ā Դ ⱘ ᓎ 䆂 ˈ ៥ г ᮴ ⊩ 䞛㒇 ā ⱘ 㿔 ໪ П ᛣ Ǆ ᔧ ᇍ ᮍ ᆳ 㾝 ࠄ 㞾 Ꮕ ⱘ ད ᛣ ≵ 㹿 ᥹ ফ ᯊ ˈ г ህ ⶹ 䘧㞾 Ꮕ ⱘ ᓎ 䆂 ϡ 㹿䞛㒇 Ǆ ಴ ℸ ˈĀ ៥ ᢦ 㒱 Դ ā 䖭 ϔ 㸠 Ў ህ ㄝ Ѣ ᰃ 䯈 ᥹ ഄ 㹿 Ӵ 䖒 њ ˈ೼ 㸼䖒 Ϟ ህ ᰒ ᕫ ↨ 䕗 ဝ 䕀 Ǆ՟ হ ⱘĀ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ āᇚĀ ಴ ϡ ᛇ ᇍ 㞾 Ꮕ ⱘ Ҏ ⫳ ৢ ᙨ ˈ᠔ ҹ ϡ 㛑 ձ ✻ ⠊ ҆ ᠔ ᳳ ᳯ ⱘ 䘧䏃䍄 āⱘ ᛇ ⊩ ဝ 䕀 ഄ 㸼䖒 ߎ ᴹ Ǆ䖭䞠㢹 ⫼ ϡ ᏺ Ā њ āⱘĀ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 ā㸼䖒 ˈህ ≵ ᳝Ā 䇈䆱 Ҏ ᮴ ⊩ ᥹ ফ ᇍ ᮍ ⱘ ད ᛣ ˈᑊ ᇍ ℸ 㸼⼎䘧 ℝ њ āⱘ ᛣ ᗱ ˈ ਀ 䍋 ᴹ ህ ڣ ᰃĀ 䇈䆱 Ҏ ᇍþ 㞾 Ꮕ Ⳉ ᥹ ᢦ 㒱 ᇍ ᮍ ÿ䖭 ϔ 㸠 Ў 㸼⼎䘧 ℝ āԐ ⱘ ˈ೼ 㸼䖒 Ϟ ህ ᰒ ᕫ ↨ 䕗 Ⳉ ᥹ ˈ ≵ 䙷 М ဝ 䕀 Ǆ

(8)

ᇣ 㒧䗮䖛 ҹ Ϟ 㗗 ᆳ ৃ ᔦ 㒇 ߎ ϟ 䴶 ⱘ 㒧䆎 ˖Ā 䇶䇶 њ ǃ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ ā 䰸 њ 㸼⼎ Ā ៥ Ꮖ ᇍ Դ ᠻ 㸠 њ 㸼⼎ ᛳ 䇶 ǃ 䘧 ℝ ⱘ 㸠 Ў њ ā ҹ ໪ ˈ 䖬㸼⼎ Ā ៥ ᇍ Դ ѻ ⫳ 䇶 ᛣ ǃ ℝ ᛣ њ āǄ ೼ 䖭 ϸ ⾡䇁 Н ⱘ ԰ ⫼ ϟ ˈ ᑊ ḍ ᥂ Փ ⫼ 䇁 ๗ ⱘ ϡ ৠ ˈĀ 䇶䇶 њ ǃ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ ā ህ ᳝ ϡ ৠ ⱘ 䇁 ⫼ ᬜ ᵰ ˖ ķ ᔧ ⫼ Ѣ ᇍ ᇍ ᮍ ୘ ᛣ ⱘ 㿔㸠㸼⼎ ᛳ 䇶 ǃᇍ 㞾 Ꮕ ⱘ 䖛䫭㸼⼎䘧 ℝ ⱘ ᚙ މ ᯊ ˈ᳝Ā ⿟ ᑺ ϡ ⏅ ⱘ 䇶 ᛣ ǃℝ ᛣ ā੠Ā ϡ 䆮 ᙇ ⱘ ᛳ 䇶 ᗕ ᑺ ǃ䘧 ℝ ᗕ ᑺ āⱘ 䇁 ⫼ ᬜ ᵰ ˗ĸ ᔧ ⫼ Ѣ ܜ 㸠 ᛳ 䇶 ǃܜ 㸠䘧 ℝ ⱘ ᚙ މ ᯊ ˈ᳝Ā ᔎ ࢓ ǃᇚ 㞾 Ꮕ ⱘ ᛇ ⊩ ᔎ ࡴ Ѣ Ҏ ā ⱘ ᬜ ᵰ ˗ Ĺ ᔧ ⫼ Ѣ ᢦ 㒱 ᥹ ফ ᇍ ᮍ ⱘ ᓎ 䆂 ᑊ 㸼⼎ ᛳ 䇶 ǃ 䘧 ℝ ⱘ ᚙ މ ᯊ ˈ ᳝ Ā ྨ ဝ ᢦ 㒱 ā ⱘ 㸼䖒 ᬜ ᵰ Ǆ ঺ ໪ ˈᴀ ᭛ ᇍĀ 䇶䇶 њ ǃᇍ ϡ 䍋 њ āⱘ ᬭ ᄺ ᓎ 䆂 བ ϟ ˖ķ 䙓 ܡ ↡ 䇁 ᳝ ᯊ ࠊ 㣗 ⭈ ⱘ ໪ ೑ ᄺ ⫳ ফ ↡ 䇁 ᕅ ડ ᇐ 㟈䇃 ⫼ ˈ ៥ Ӏ 䅸 Ў 䖭㉏㸼 ⦄ ᑨ ᬒ ೼ Ё 㑻䰊 ↉ ⱘ ᬭ ᴤ Ё ˈ ߱ 㑻 া ᬭ Ā 䇶䇶 ǃ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 ā˗ ĸ 䖭㉏㸼 ⦄ ⱘ 䇁 ⫼ ᬜ ᵰ ᰃ ໮ 䞡 ⱘ ˈ಴ ℸ ೼ ᬭ ᥜ ⱘ 䖛⿟ Ё ˈᬭ Ꮬ ᖙ 乏 ᔎ 䇗䇁 ๗ ੠ 䇁 ⫼ ᬜ ᵰ П 䯈 ⱘ ᨁ 䜡 ˈ ᑊ ᇍ ↨ 䆆㾷 Փ ⫼ Ā 䇶䇶 ǃ ᇍ ϡ 䍋 ā ⱘ 㸼䖒 ᬜ ᵰ Ǆ খ 㗗䌘 ᭭ Ё ೑ ⼒ Ӯ ⾥ ᄺ 䰶䇁㿔 ⷨ お ᠔ 䆡 ݌ 㓪䕥 ᅸ 㓪 ˈǉ ⦄ ҷ ∝ 䇁䆡 ݌ ˄ ㄀ Ѩ ⠜ ˅Ǌˈ ᑈ Ǆ ᇣ ⊝ ֱ Ǎ ܹ 䭔䁲 ⫼ 䂪 ⷨ お ̣ ⧚ 䂪 ǽ ᖰ ⫼ ̣ ǎˈ ⷨ お⼒ Ǆ ᕤ 䲼 ỏ Ǎ џ ᜟ ᡞ ᦵ ǽ Ā њ ā ǽ Ā ɇ ā ̣ Ё ೑ 䁲 ǽ ᮹ ᴀ 䁲 ᬭ 㚆 ȃ Ǵ Ȗ ȃ ᭛ ⊩ 㿬䗄 ȧ Ⳃ ᣛ Ǭ ǻ ̣ ǎˈ ໻ 䯾 ໻ ᄺ 㿔䁲⼒ Ӯ ᄺ Ӯ Ǆ $XVWLQ-RKQ/+RZWR'R7KLQJVZLWK:RUGV2[IRUG2[IRUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV˄Ǎ 㿔䁲 ǽ 㸠 ⚎ ǎ ഖ ᴀ ⱒ ໻ 䀇 ໻ ׂ 仼 ᳌ ᑫ ˈ ˅Ǆ