歴史的風致維持向上計画にみる歴史都市の市街地における火災予防の方策に関する調査分析

ᱧผㇺᏒ㒐ἴ⺰ᢥ㓸 Vol. 5㧔2011ᐕ7᦬㧕 ޣ⺰ᢥޤ

ᱧ

ᱧผ⊛㘑⥌⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹ߦߺࠆ

ᱧผㇺᏒߩᏒⴝ࿾ߦ߅ߌࠆἫἴ੍㒐ߩᣇ╷ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏಽᨆ

Survey Analysis

of the Methods of Fire Prevention in Historic Town Areas, written in the Historic Scenery Maintenance and Improvement Plans

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1

_{࡮ᄢ┄ஜਯ}

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_{࡮⋉↰౗ᚱ}

3

Masahiko Takamatsu, Takeyuki Okubo and Kanefusa Masuda

1_{┙๮㙚ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮 ℂᎿቇ⎇ⓥ⑼㧔ޥ525-8577 ṑ⾐⋵⨲ᵤᏒ㊁〝᧲1-1-1㧕}

Graduate Student, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University

2_{┙๮㙚ᄢቇᢎ᝼ ℂᎿቇㇱㇺᏒࠪࠬ࠹ࡓᎿቇ⑼㧔ޥ525-8577 ṑ⾐⋵⨲ᵤᏒ㊁〝᧲1-1-1㧕}

Professor, Ritsumeikan University, Dept. of Civil Engineering

3_{┙๮㙚ᄢቇቴຬ⎇ⓥຬ ᱧผㇺᏒ㒐ἴ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧔ޥ603-8341 ੩ㇺᏒർ඙ዊ᧻ේർ↸58㧕}

Guest Researcher, Ritsumeikan University, Research Center for Disaster Mitigation of Urban Cultural Heritage

22 historic cities made the Historic Scenery Maintenance and Improvement Plans in conformity with the Act Concerning the Maintenance and Improvement of Historic Scenery in Certain Districts. Government advises that the cities should add a matter of “disaster mitigation” into the plans. This paper confirms that the “disaster mitigation” includes combining fire prevention with scenery preservation, because not only disastrous fires but also fireproofing measures of historic wooden buildings may involve losing cultural properties in historic town areas. Also this paper proposes the solving means of problems in order that cities may understand this idea and incorporate it into the plans.

Keywords : historic city, Historic Scenery Maintenance and Improvement Plan, fire prevention, scenery preservation

㧝㧚⋡⊛ߣ⢛᥊

ޟ࿾ၞߦ߅ߌࠆᱧผ⊛㘑⥌ߩ⛽ᜬ෸߮ะ਄ߦ㑐ߔࠆᴺᓞޠ㧔એਅޟᴺޠߣ⇛⒓㧕ߪޔ2008ᐕ1᦬㐿ળߩ╙ 169࿁ㅢᏱ࿖ળߦ᡽ᐭឭ᩺ߐࠇޔⴐෳਔ㒮ߩክ⼏ࠍ⚻ߡห5᦬16ᣣߦోળ৻⥌ߢน᳿ᚑ┙ޔห23ᣣߦ౏Ꮣޔห 11᦬4ᣣߦᣉⴕߐࠇߚޕᴺ╙1᧦ߦⷙቯߐࠇߚ⋡⊛ߪޔޟ࿾ၞߦ߅ߌࠆߘߩ࿕᦭ߩᱧผ෸߮વ⛔ࠍ෻ᤋߒߚ ੱޘߩᵴേߣߘߩᵴേ߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆᱧผ਄ଔ୯ߩ㜞޿ᑪㅧ‛෸߮ߘߩ๟ㄝߩᏒⴝ࿾ߣ߇৻૕ߣߥߞߡᒻᚑߒߡ ߈ߚ⦟ᅢߥᏒⴝ࿾ߩⅣႺ㧔એਅޟᱧผ⊛㘑⥌ޠߣ޿߁ޕ㧕ߩ⛽ᜬ෸߮ะ਄ࠍ࿑ࠆߚ߼ޔ㧔ਛ⇛㧕ភ⟎ࠍ⻠ߕ ࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅޔ୘ᕈ⼾߆ߥ࿾ၞ␠ળߩታ⃻ࠍ࿑ࠅޔ߽ߞߡㇺᏒߩஜోߥ⊒ዷ෸߮ᢥൻߩะ਄ߦነਈߔࠆߎߣ ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆޕޠߢ޽ࠆޕߘߩޟភ⟎ޠߪޔᴺ╙5᧦ߩⷙቯߦၮߠ߈Ꮢ↸᧛߇╷ቯߔࠆޟᱧผ⊛㘑⥌⛽ᜬะ ਄⸘↹ޠ㧔એਅޟ⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹ޠߣ⇛⒓㧕ࠍ࿖߇⹺ቯߒޔ⹺ቯߐࠇߚ⸘↹ߦၮߠߊข⚵ࠍޔ੐ᬺޔᴺ઎ߩ․ ଀ភ⟎ޔ᥊ⷰᴺߘߩઁ㑐ㅪߔࠆ೙ᐲߣߩㅪ៤╬ߦࠃߞߡᡰេߒߡ޿ߊ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ⹺ቯᏒ↸᧛ᢙߪ2011ᐕ4 ᦬⃻࿷ޔ22ߦ㆐ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ ᴺߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆࠃ߁ߥᱧผㇺᏒߩᏒⴝ࿾ߦߪޔㆊ෰ߩᚢἴ߿ᄢἫ╬ߩἴኂࠍ఺ࠇߚᧁㅧߩᑪㅧ‛߇ኒ㓸ߒ ߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩ߇޽ࠆޕߎߩࠃ߁ߥᏒⴝ࿾ߪޔ㑐᧲ᄢ㔡ἴ߿㒋␹࡮᷆〝ᄢ㔡ἴߦߺࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߥหᤨᄙ⊒Ἣἴࠍ ߪߓ߼ߣߔࠆἫἴ߇⊒↢ߔࠆߣᐢ▸࿐ߦᑧ὾ߒޔᏒⴝ࿾ౝߦಽᏓߔࠆᢥൻ⽷߿ᱧผࠍᗐ⿠ߐߖࠆ᥊ⷰࠍṌᄬ

ߐߖࠆᕟࠇ߇޽ࠆޕߎߩࠃ߁ߥߎߣ߆ࠄޔᱧผ⊛㘑⥌ࠍ⛽ᜬ෸߮ะ਄ߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪޔᄢ㔡Ἣἴࠍߪߓ߼ߣߔ ࠆ㒐ἴߩⷞὐ߆ࠄߩᣇ╷߇᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆޕߎߩߚ߼ޔਥോ⋭ᐡ߇╷ቯߒߚޟ࿾ၞߦ߅ߌࠆᱧผ⊛㘑⥌ߩ⛽ ᜬ෸߮ะ਄ߦ㑐ߔࠆᴺᓞㆇ↪ᜰ㊎ޠ㧔એਅޟㆇ↪ᜰ㊎ޠߣ⇛⒓㧕ߦ߅޿ߡޔ⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹ߦߪ㒐ἴߦ㑐ߔࠆ ੐㗄ࠍ⸥タߔࠆߎߣߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ ᧄⓂߪޔߎߩㆇ↪ᜰ㊎ߦ߅ߌࠆޟ㒐ἴޠߦㄟ߼ࠄࠇߚἫἴ੍㒐ߩᗧ࿑ࠍޔߘߩᚑ┙ㆊ⒟ߩ⼏⺰ࠍ⹦⚦ߦಽ ᨆߔࠆߎߣࠍㅢߒߡ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣࠍ╙৻ߩ⋡⊛ߣߒߚޕ߹ߚޔᦼᓙߐࠇࠆἫἴ੍㒐ኻ╷ࠍᏒ↸᧛߇૏⟎ ઃߌߡ޿ߊ਄ߢߩ೙ᐲ਄ߩ⺖㗴ࠍᢛℂߒޔᡷༀ╷ࠍឭ᩺ߔࠆߎߣߢޔ⃻ⴕ೙ᐲߩᵴ↪น⢻ᕈࠍ৻ጀ᜛ߍࠆߎ ߣࠍ╙ੑߩ⋡⊛ߣߒߚޕ ߥ߅ޔ㑐ㅪߔࠆᣢᓔ⎇ⓥߦߪޔᴺ઎߿೙ᐲߩ⸃⺑⊛ߥ߽ߩޔ⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹߇⹺ቯߐࠇߚᏒ↸᧛ߩข⚵ߦߟ ޿ߡជࠅਅߍߚ߽ߩ߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆ߇ޔᧄⓂߪޔᧄ೙ᐲߩ߁ߜἫἴ੍㒐ߦߟ޿ߡฦ⸘↹ࠍᮮᢿ⊛ߦᝒ߃ޔ⸘↹૞ ࠅߦଥࠆ⺖㗴ࠍᢛℂߒߡ޿ࠆߣߎࠈߦ․ᓽ߇޽ࠆޕ

㧞㧚ᣇᴺߣᚻ㗅

 ᴺ᩺ߪޔ᡽ᐭߩ␠ળ⾗ᧄᢛ஻ክ⼏ળ㧔એਅޟክ⼏ળޠߣ⇛⒓㧕╬ߩޔ1997ᐕᐲ߆ࠄ2007ᐕᐲߦ߆ߌߡߩ㑐 ㅪߔࠆክ⼏ࠍㅢߓޔᚒ߇࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆᱧผ⊛㘑⥌ߩ⃻⁁ᛠីޔᱧผ⊛㘑⥌ߩ⛽ᜬ෸߮ะ਄ࠍㅴ߼ߡ޿ࠆ࿾ᣇ౏ ౒࿅૕ߩ࠾࡯࠭ߩᛠីޔᣢሽᴺ೙ߩᬌ⸽╬ࠍ⚻ߡޔߘߩౝኈ߇ᬌ⸛ߐࠇߚޕߘߎߢ╙৻ߦޔክ⼏ળߩ⼏⺰ߩ ㆊ⒟ࠍਛᔃߦޔᴺ೙ቯߩᔅⷐߣߘߩౝኈߩ᭎⇛߇ቯ߹ࠆ߹ߢߩ⚻✲ࠍޔⴕ᡽⾗ᢱ߆ࠄᛠីߒขࠅ߹ߣ߼ߚޕ ߹ߚޔߎߩㆊ⒟ߩ߁ߜޔ㒐ἴߦ㑐ߔࠆ⼏⺰ࠍ᛽಴ߒߡޔߥߗἫἴ੍㒐ߩ⠨߃ᣇ߇㊀ⷞߐࠇޔߤߩࠃ߁ߥᒻߢ ೙ᐲߦ⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇߚ߆ࠍᢛℂߒߚޕ ╙ੑߦޔ࿖ߩ⹺ቯࠍฃߌߡ޿ࠆ22ઙోߡߩ⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹ࠍኻ⽎ߦޔC⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹߆ࠄޔޟἫἴ੍㒐ޠ ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⃻࿷෸߮੹ᓟߩข⚵ߦߟ޿ߡ⸥ㅀߐࠇߡ޿ࠆㇱಽࠍᛮ߈಴ߒޔߘߩౝኈࠍࡂ࡯࠼࠙ࠚࠕ㕙෸߮࠰ࡈ ࠻࠙ࠚࠕ㕙ߢߩข⚵ߦ඙ಽߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦᣇ╷ߦᔕߓߡಽ㘃ߒޔἫἴ੍㒐ߦ㑐ߒߤߩࠃ߁ߥᚻᴺ߇↪޿ࠄࠇߡ ޿ࠆ߆ࠍᛠីߒߚޕD⹺ቯᏒ↸᧛߇⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹એ೨ߦ╷ቯߒߚޔㇺᏒ⸘↹ᴺ╙18᧦ߩ2ߦၮߠߊᏒ↸᧛ߩ ㇺᏒ⸘↹ߦ㑐ߔࠆၮᧄ⊛ߥᣇ㊎㧔એਅޟᏒ↸᧛ࡑࠬ࠲࡯ࡊ࡜ࡦޠߣ⇛⒓㧕ޔ෸߮ἴኂኻ╷ၮᧄᴺ╙42᧦ߦၮ ߠߊᏒ↸᧛࿾ၞ㒐ἴ⸘↹㧔એਅޟ࿾ၞ㒐ἴ⸘↹ޠߣ⇛⒓㧕ࠍ⺞ᩏߒޔᱧผ⊛㘑⥌ࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߚ߼ߦᑪ▽߿࿯ ࿾೑↪ߩᡷᄌࠍ೙㒢ߖߑࠆࠍᓧߥ޿Ꮢⴝ࿾ߦኻߒߡ૏⟎ઃߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆᣇ╷ࠍᛠីߒߚޕ ╙ਃߦ╙৻ߩ⚿ᨐ෸߮ޔ╙ੑߩCޔDߩᲧセ߆ࠄޔᏒ↸᧛߇⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹ߦᦼᓙߐࠇࠆἫἴ੍㒐ᣇ╷ࠍⓍ ᭂ⊛ߦ૏⟎ઃߌߡ޿ߊࠃ߁ߦ௛߈ដߌࠆ਄ߢߩ⺖㗴ࠍᢛℂߒޔᡷༀ╷ࠍឭ᩺ߒߚޕ

㧟㧚ᴺ೙ቯㆊ⒟ߦ߅ߌࠆ㒐ἴߦ㑐ߔࠆ⼏⺰ߣ෻ᤋ

ᴺ೙ቯߦ⥋ࠆ⚻✲ ክ⼏ળߪޔᚲ᝿ߒߡ޿ࠆޟฎㇺߦ߅ߌࠆᱧผ⊛㘑࿯ߩ଻ሽߦ㑐ߔࠆ․೎ភ⟎ᴺޠ㧔એਅޟฎㇺ଻ሽᴺޠߣ ⇛⒓㧕ߦ㑐ߒޔ2003ᐕ4᦬14ᣣߦޟᄢᵤᏒߦ߅ߌࠆᣂߚߥฎㇺᜰቯߥߤޔ੹ᓟߩฎㇺ଻ሽⴕ᡽ߩ޽ࠅᣇߪ޿ ߆ߦ޽ࠆߴ߈߆ޕޠߦߟ޿ߡ࿖࿯੤ㅢᄢ⤿߆ࠄ⻁໧ࠍฃߌߚޕߎࠇߦవ┙ߜ೨りߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠆᱧผ⊛㘑࿯ክ ⼏ળߪޔ᡽ᐭߦኻߒ1998ᐕ3᦬19ᣣߦޟฎㇺએᄖߩㇺᏒߦ߅ߌࠆᱧผ⊛࡮ᢥൻ⊛⾗↥ߦߟ޿ߡ߽ޔฎㇺห᭽ ߦ࿖᳃౒᦭ߩㆮ↥ߣߒߡ଻ሽޔ⛮ᛚ߇࿑ࠄࠇࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆޕߎߩߚ߼㧔ਛ⇛㧕ฎㇺߢၭࠊࠇߚᱧผ⊛㘑࿯ߩ ଻ሽߩℂᔨߣᨒ⚵ߺࠍޔฎㇺߩ▸࿐ߦ㒢ࠄࠇࠆߎߣߥߊޔᐢߊో࿖ߦዷ㐿ߔࠆ╬ޔߘߩᣇ╷ࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆᔅⷐ ߇޽ࠆޕޠ1)_{ߣޔᗧ⷗ౕ↳ߒߡ޿ߚޕ߹ߚޔ2003ᐕߩ⻁໧⿰ᣦ߽ޟߘߩઁߩᏒ↸᧛ߦ߅޿ߡ߽ޔ࿾ၞߦ߅ߌ} ࠆᱧผ⊛࡮ᢥൻ⊛⾗↥ߩ଻ోߣᵴ↪ࠍㅢߓߡ࿾ၞߩᵴᕈൻࠍ⋡ᜰߔേ߈߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆޕޠ2)_{ߣᜰ៰ߒߡ޿ࠆࠃ} ߁ߦޔޟฎㇺޠᜰቯߦߟ޿ߡ㒢ቯ⊛ߥㆇ↪߇ߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆฎㇺ଻ሽᴺߩᵴ↪ߩ޽ࠅᣇޔ෸߮ฎㇺ଻ሽⴕ᡽ࠍ ޟฎㇺޠએᄖߩో࿖ߦዷ㐿ߔࠆߎߣߦ㑐ߔࠆᬌ⸛߇᳞߼ࠄࠇߚޕ ክ⼏ળߪޔᒰ⹥ክ⼏ࠍㇺᏒ⸘↹࡮ᱧผ⊛㘑࿯ಽ⑼ળߩᱧผ⊛㘑࿯ㇱળߦઃ⸤ߒޔߎࠇࠍฃߌߡᱧผ⊛㘑࿯ ㇱળߪޔ2005ᐕ6᦬30ᣣߦޟฎㇺ଻ሽⴕ᡽ߩℂᔨߩో࿖ዷ㐿ዊᆔຬળޠࠍ⸳⟎ߒߚޕหዊᆔຬળߪ2006ᐕ6᦬ 23ᣣ߹ߢ⸘6࿁ߩክ⼏ࠍ㊀ߨޔᦨ⚳࿁ߩหᣣߦႎ๔߇ขࠅ߹ߣ߼ࠄࠇߚ߇ޔߘߩᓟㅦ߿߆ߥ᡽╷ߩታⴕߦ⥋ ࠄߕޔᒰ⹥ႎ๔ߪ⻁໧ߦኻߔࠆਛ㑆ႎ๔⊛ߥ૏⟎ઃߌߣߥߞߚޕ ᱧผ⊛㘑࿯ㇱળߪޔᦝߦౕ૕⊛ߥᬌ⸛ࠍㅴ߼ࠆߚ߼ޔ2007ᐕ5᦬11ᣣߦޟᱧผ⊛㘑࿯ߩ଻ሽ࡮⛮ᛚዊᆔຬ

ળޠࠍ⸳⟎ߒߚ㧔࿑1㧕ޕหዊᆔຬળߪ2008ᐕ1᦬25ᣣ߹ߢ⸘5࿁ߩ ክ⼏ࠍ㊀ߨޔᦨ⚳ᣣߩหᣣߦขࠅ߹ߣ߼ࠄࠇߚႎ๔ߪޔᱧผ⊛㘑࿯ ㇱળߩ⼏᳿ࠍ⚻ߡ2003ᐕߩ⻁໧ߦኻߔࠆ╵↳ߣߥߞߚޕߘߩౝኈߪޔ ฎㇺ଻ሽᴺߦߟ޿ߡޟฎㇺޠߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆⷐઙࠍᐢ޿ᗧ๧ߦᝒ߃ࠆ ߣߣ߽ߦޔࠃࠅᄙߊߩㇺᏒߣߘߩᏒⴝ࿾ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚᱧผ⊛㘑⥌ߩ ⛽ᜬะ਄ߦࠃࠆ߹ߜߠߊࠅࠍᡰេߔࠆᣂߚߥᨒ⚵ߺࠍ᭴▽ߔࠆߣߒޔ ߘߩౕ૕⊛ߥᡰេߩౝኈߦߟ޿ߡឭ⸒ߒߚ3)ޕ ߎࠇࠄࠍ෻ᤋߒߚᴺ᩺ߪޔ2008ᐕ1᦬㐿ળߩㅢᏱ࿖ળ߳ߩឭ಴ࠍ ⋡ᜰߒޔౕ૕⊛ߥౝኈߩᬌ⸛ࠍหዊᆔຬળߣਗⴕߒߡⴕߞߚߎߣ߆ ࠄޔႎ๔߇ขࠅ߹ߣ߼ࠄࠇߚ⋥ᓟߩ2008ᐕ1᦬29ᣣߦ㑑⼏᳿ቯߐࠇ ߚޕߥ߅ޔ㑐ㅪߔࠆ੍▚ⷐ᳞ߪࠬࠤࠫࡘ࡯࡞ߩㇺว਄ክ⼏ળႎ๔ߩ ขࠅ߹ߣ߼ࠃࠅ߽వⴕߒޔ2007ᐕᧃߦ㑑⼏᳿ቯߐࠇߚᰴᐕᐲ᡽ᐭ੍▚᩺ߦ⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇߚޕ ߹ߚޔᢥൻክ⼏ળߢߪ 2006 ᐕ߆ࠄ 2007 ᐕߦ߆ߌߡޟᢥൻ⽷ࠍ✚ว⊛ߦᛠីߔࠆߚ߼ߩᣇ╷ޠޔޟ␠ળో ૕ߢᢥൻ⽷ࠍ⛮ᛚߒߡ޿ߊߚ߼ߩᣇ╷ޠߦߟ޿ߡޔᢥൻ⽷ಽ⑼ળડ↹⺞ᩏળߦ߅޿ߡክ⼏߇ⴕࠊࠇߚޕߎߩ ႎ๔ᦠ߽ᴺ᩺૞ᚑߦᒰߚߞߡߩᜰ㊎ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ 4)_{߇ޔክ⼏ળ╵↳ߣ౒ㅢߔࠆⷞὐߪޔᢥൻ⽷╬ߩᱧผ⊛ᢥ} ൻ⊛⾗↥ࠍන૕ߢߥߊ࿾ၞ߿␠ળో૕ߢ⛮ᛚߒߡ޿ߊߎߣߦ޽ߞߚޕߘߩߚ߼᡽ᐭౝߢߩ⺞ᢛߩ⚿ᨐޔᴺ᩺ ߪᢥㇱ⑼ቇ⋭ޔㄘᨋ᳓↥⋭ޔ࿖࿯੤ㅢ⋭ߩ౒หߢឭ಴ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅޔߎߩࠃ߁ߥᢥൻ⽷଻⼔ⴕ᡽ߣ߹ߜߠߊࠅޔ ࿾ၞߠߊࠅⴕ᡽ߣߩㅪ៤ߪޔߘࠇએ೨ߪ଀߃߫ޔᢥൻ⽷଻⼔ᴺߦⷙቯߔࠆવ⛔⊛ᑪㅧ‛⟲଻ሽ࿾඙߇Ꮢⴝ࿾ ߦ߅޿ߡߪㇺᏒ⸘↹ߩᚻᴺࠍ↪޿ߚߎߣ╬ߦ㒢ࠄࠇࠆޕ ክ⼏ળߦ߅ߌࠆ㒐ἴߦ㑐ߔࠆ⼏⺰ ฎㇺ଻ሽⴕ᡽ߩℂᔨߩో࿖ዷ㐿ዊᆔຬળߪޔ㎨ୖᏒޔ㊄ᴛᏒߩ⃻࿾⺞ᩏޔᆔຬߩᗧ⷗ߩࡅࠕ࡝ࡦࠣࠍⴕߞ ߡႎ๔᩺ࠍ૞ᚑߒޔขࠅ߹ߣ߼ࠆߚ߼ߩ⼏⺰ࠍⴕ߁ᣇᴺߢㅴ߼ࠄࠇߚޕ 㒐ἴߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔ2006 ᐕ 4 ᦬ 5 ᣣߩ╙ 4 ࿁ዊᆔຬળߦ߅޿ߡᆔຬ߆ࠄޟ߽ߒ⋥ਅဳߩ࿾㔡ἫἴߢΆ߃ᆎ߼ ߚ႐วޔ㧔ਛ⇛㧕ᧁㅧߩ૑ቛ߇߮ߞߒࠅ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߪޔ޽ࠆᗧ๧ߢߪᭂ߼ߡෂ㒾ߥ⁁ᴫߦ޽ࠅ߹ߔޕᶖ 㒐ゞ߇᧪ߥ޿ߢޔ㘑ߩะ߈ߦࠃߞߡߪߎ߁޿߁ᢥൻㆮ↥ࠍΆ߿ߒߡߒ߹߁Ά߃⨲ߦߥࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆࠊߌߢޔ ߘࠇߦኻߔࠆኻ╷ߣ޿߁߽ߩ߇㕖Ᏹߦ⃻࿷ᔅⷐߦߥߞߡ޿߹ߔޕ޿ߕࠇߦߒߡ߽ޔᢥൻㆮ↥ߩ๟ㄝߩⅣႺ଻ ోࠍޔ᥊ⷰߣ㒐ἴߩਔᣇߩᗧ๧ߢ߈ߜࠎߣ߿ࠄߥ޿ߣ࿖㓙⊛ߥା㗬ߦߎߚ߃ࠄࠇߥ޿ߣ޿߁⁁ᴫ߇޽ࠆߣ޿ ߁ߎߣߢߔޕޠ5)_{ߣ޿߁ᗧ⷗߇޽ࠅޔႎ๔ߢߪߎࠇࠍฃߌߡޟᱧผ⊛ߥ㘑࿯ߩ଻ሽ࡮ᵴ↪ߣ↢ᵴߣߩ౒ሽޠ} ߩ㗄⋡ߦ߅޿ߡޟᱧผ⊛ߥ㘑࿯ߩᩭߣߥࠆᱧผ⊛ᑪㅧ‛╬߿⥄ὼ⊛ⅣႺߪ㧔ਛ⇛㧕ㇺᏒ౏࿦੐ᬺ╬ߩᵴ↪ߦ ࠃࠅޔᱧผ⊛࡮ᢥൻ⊛⾗↥ߩ㒐ἴᕈߩะ਄㧔ਛ⇛㧕߽ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆޕޠ6)ߣ⸥ㅀߐࠇߚޕ ߹ߚޔᱧผ⊛㘑࿯ߩ଻ሽ࡮⛮ᛚዊᆔຬળߪޔ›ጊᏒߩ⃻࿾⺞ᩏࠍ❱ࠅㄟߺߥ߇ࠄޔ᡽ᐭ߇ᬌ⸛ߒߡ޿ࠆᣂ ೙ᐲߩ⠨߃ᣇ߿ᗐቯߐࠇࠆౕ૕⊛ߥᣉ╷ࠍឭ␜ߒߡᗧ⷗ࠍ߁߆߇޿ޔႎ๔᩺ࠍឭ␜ߒߡขࠅ߹ߣ߼ࠆᒻߢክ ⼏߇ㅴ߼ࠄࠇߚޕ 㒐ἴߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔ2007ᐕ12᦬19ᣣߦ㐿௅ߐࠇߚ╙4࿁ዊᆔຬળߢ੐ോዪ߇ឭ␜ߒߚႎ๔ߦ⋓ࠅㄟ߻ߴ߈੐ 㗄ߩ᩺ߦߪޔ೨ዊᆔຬળߩႎ๔ߦ߆߆ࠊࠄߕ⸥ㅀ߇ߥ߆ߞߚ7)ޕ ߎࠇߦኻߒޔᆔຬ߆ࠄޟᢥൻᐡߩᢥൻㆮ↥ߩ଻ሽኻ╷ߪޔᢥൻ⽷ߩਛߪ߈ߞߜࠅ߿ߞߡ޿ࠆࠎߢߔޕߒ߆ ߒޔ໧㗴ߥߩߪߘߩ๟ㄝ߇Ά߃ᆎ߼ߚߣ߈ߦޔ଀߃߫࿾㔡߇⿠߈ߡኅ߇ୟࠇޔ᳓߇ߣ߹ࠅޔᶖ㒐ゞ߇᧪ߥ޿ ਛߢޔඨᣣ㑆߽Ά߃⛯ߌࠆㇺᏒߩਛߢߤ߁߿ߞߡ਎⇇ㆮ↥߇↢߈ᱷࠇࠆ߆ߣ޿߃߫ޔ߿ߪࠅ㒐ἴኻ╷ࠍ߈ߞ ߜࠅ߿ࠆߒ߆ߥ޿ࠎߢߔߨޕߘ߁޿߁ᗧ๧ߢޔ቟ోߩ໧㗴ߣ⛊߼ߡ౉ࠇߡ޿ߚߛߊߣ޿޿߆ߥߣ޿߁᳇߇޿ ߚߒ߹ߒߚޕޠߣ޿߁ᗧ⷗߇␜ߐࠇޔޟ㒐ἴޠߩ⺆ฏࠍᝌ౉ߔߴ߈▎ᚲ߇ౕ૕⊛ߦឭ᩺ߐࠇߚޕߎࠇߦኻߒ ߡઁߩᆔຬ߿੐ോዪߦ⇣⺰ߪߥ߆ߞߚ 8)ޕ߹ߚޔߘߩᓟⴕࠊࠇߚႎ๔᩺ߩࡄࡉ࡝࠶ࠢࠦࡔࡦ࠻ߦ߅޿ߡ߽ޔ ޟᣂߚߥ߹ߜߠߊࠅ೙ᐲߩ૏⟎ઃߌޠߩ㗄⋡ߦኻߒޟᱧผ⊛㘑࿯ࠍᒻߠߊࠆ਄ߢߩ㊀ⷐߥⷐ⚛ߢ޽ࠆᢥൻㆮ ↥ߩ㒐ἴ໧㗴߇ޔ᣿␜⊛ߦ␜ߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ࠇࠆޕޠ9)_{ߣ޿߁ᗧ⷗߇ឭ಴ߐࠇߚޕ} ߎࠇࠄࠍฃߌޔᦨ⚳ߩ╙ 5 ࿁ዊᆔຬળߢ੐ോዪ߇ឭ␜ߒߚႎ๔᩺ߢߪޔޟᣂߚߥ߹ߜߠߊࠅ೙ᐲߩ૏⟎ઃ ߌޠߩ㗄⋡ߦ߅޿ߡޟߎߩ႐วᣂߚߥ߹ߜߠߊࠅ೙ᐲߪޔ㧔ਛ⇛㧕ᱧผ⊛ᢥൻ⊛⾗↥ࠍἴኂߦࠃࠆṌᄬ߆ࠄ ଻⼔ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ㒐ἴ╬ߦࠃࠆ߹ߜߥߺߩౣ↢࡮ഃㅧࠍ੍▚೙ᐲޔ⒢೙ޔⷙ೙ߩ․଀ភ⟎ࠍ⚵ߺวࠊߖߡታᣉ ߔࠆ੐ᬺࠍޔ✚ว⊛ߦᡰេߔࠆᕈᩰߩ߽ߩߣߔࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆޕޠ10)_{ߣ޿߁ᢥ┨߇⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇߚޕ߹ߚޔޟ࿖} ࿑ 1 ᱧผ⊛㘑࿯ߩ଻ሽ࡮⛮ᛚዊᆔຬળ 㧔౮⌀ឭଏ㧦࿖࿯੤ㅢ⋭㧕

߇⻠ߕࠆߴ߈ᡰេߩౝኈޠߩ㗄⋡ߦ߽ޔC Ꮢ↸᧛ߩ✚ว⊛ߥ⸘↹ߦၮᧄᣇ㊎ࠍ૏⟎ઃߌࠆޔD ኾ㐷ኅߩᵷ ㆜ޔᖱႎߩឭଏޔ⋧⺣╬ߩᡰេޔE ᱧผ⊛߹ߜߥߺ᥊ⷰߩ․ᕈࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߚ߼ߩᑪㅧ‛ߩኻ╷╬ࠍଦㅴޔ ߩ 3 ▎ᚲߦࠊߚࠅޟ㒐ἴޠߩ⺆ฏ߇⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇߚ10)ޕߎࠇࠄߪߘߩ߹߹ႎ๔ߣߒߡੌᛚߐࠇߚޕ ߹ߚޔߎߩ╙ 5 ࿁ዊᆔຬળߢ߽ᆔຬ߆ࠄޟ㒐ἴޠߦ㑐ߔࠆᗧ⷗߇ 2 ὐㅀߴࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ ߘߩ৻ᣇߪޟ቟ᔃ࡮቟ోޔߘࠇ߆ࠄ㒐Ἣޔߘࠇ߆ࠄ⠴㔡ᕈߢߔࠃߨޔߘߩߎߣߣޔߘࠇ߆ࠄᱧผ⊛ߥ㔓࿐ ᳇ޔ㘑࿯ޔᑪ‛ߣ޿߁ߎࠇࠍߤ߁⿥߃ࠄࠇࠆߩ߆ߣ޿߁ߎߣߥࠎߢߔߌࠇߤ߽ޔਔᣇߣ߽ᄢ੐ߢޔ㧔ਛ⇛㧕 ᱧผ⊛㘑⥌ࠍ〯߹߃ࠆࠃ߁ߥᡷⵝᛛⴚޔߘ߁޿߁߽ߩࠍ߽ߞߣ㐿⊒ߒߡ޿ߚߛߌࠆࠃ߁ߦଦㅴߔࠆߎߣߦᦼ ᓙߒ߹ߔޕޠ11)_{ߣ޿߁߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚޕઁᣇߪޟ቟ోᕈߩ⏕଻ߣ޿߁ߩߪޔ୘ޘߩᑪ‛ࠍᑪ▽ၮḰᴺߢ❈ߞߡޔ} ߘࠇߙࠇߩኅ߇⧰ߒ߻ߣ޿߁⹤ߢߪߥߊߡޔ߽ߞߣߘߎߩ߽ߣߦߥࠆߣߎࠈࠍ㓸࿅⊛ߦ቟ోߦߔࠆ㒐ἴ⸳஻ ࠍߟߌࠇ߫ޔㅒߦ⸒߃߫ޔ߆ߥࠅၮḰᴺ߇✭๺ߢ߈ࠆㇱಽ߽޽ࠆࠊߌߢߔߨޕߘߩㇱಽ߇߅ߘࠄߊ੹࿁౉ࠇ ߡ޿ߚߛ޿ߚޟ㒐ἴޠߣ޿߁ߣߎࠈߛߣᕁ߁ࠎߢߔ߇ޔޠ11)_{ߣ޿߁ᗧ⷗ߢ޽ߞߚޕ} ߎࠇࠄ2ߟߩ⊒⸒ߪޔႎ๔᩺ߦޟ㒐ἴޠߦ㑐ߔࠆ⸥ㅀ߇⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇߚߎߣࠍ⏕⹺ߒߚᓟߦㅀߴࠄࠇߚᗧ⷗ ߢ޽ߞߚߚ߼ޔਔᆔຬߪᱧผ⊛㘑⥌ߩ⛽ᜬะ਄ߦ߅ߌࠆޟ㒐ἴޠߦߟ޿ߡታⴕᲑ㓏ߢ᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆਛりࠍౕ૕ ⊛ߦㅀߴߡ޿ࠆޕੌᛚߐࠇߚႎ๔ߪߎࠇࠄߩᗧ⷗ߦኻᔕߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄޔ⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹ߦ߅ߌࠆޟ㒐ἴޠ ߪޔᢥൻ⽷ߩ๟ㄝⅣႺࠍ㒐ἴߣ᥊ⷰߩਔ㕙ߢᝒ߃ޔ᭴ㅧ⊛ߦἫἴߩᑧ὾ߒߦߊ޿ㇺᏒ⸘↹࡮ᑪ▽㕙߆ࠄߩភ ⟎߇ታⴕߐࠇࠆߎߣࠍᗧ࿑ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߎߣߪ᣿ࠄ߆ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ

㧠㧚⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹ߦ߅ߌࠆἫἴ੍㒐ߩ૏⟎ઃߌߩታᘒ

 ㆇ↪ᜰ㊎ߦ␜ߐࠇߚ⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹ߩ㗄⋡ ⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹ߦ⸥タߔߴ߈੐㗄ߪޔᴺ઎෸߮ㆇ↪ᜰ㊎ߦ␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕߎߩ߁ߜޔ㒐ἴߦ㑐ߔࠆ੐㗄ߪޔ ᴺ╙5᧦╙2㗄╙3ภߩޟᰴߦឝߍࠆ੐㗄ߩ߁ߜޔᒰ⹥Ꮢ↸᧛ߩ඙ၞߦ߅ߌࠆᱧผ⊛㘑⥌ߩ⛽ᜬ෸߮ะ਄ߩߚ ߼ߦᔅⷐߥ߽ߩޠߩ߁ߜߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠆޟᢥൻ⽷ߩ଻ሽ෶ߪᵴ↪ߦ㑐ߔࠆ੐㗄ޠߦ⸥タߔࠆ㗄⋡ߣߒߡޔㆇ↪ ᜰ㊎ߦޟᢥൻ⽷ߩ㒐ἴߦ㑐ߔࠆᣇ㊎ޠ෸߮ޟᢥൻ⽷ߩ㒐ἴߦ㑐ߔࠆౕ૕⊛ߥ⸘↹ޠ߇଀␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ ⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹߳ߩ૏⟎ઃߌߩታᘒ 2011ᐕ4᦬1ᣣ⃻࿷࿖ߩ⹺ቯࠍฃߌߡ޿ࠆ22ઙߩ⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹㧔ᄌᦝߒߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߪᄌᦝ⹺ቯᓟߩ⸘↹㧕12) ߦߟ޿ߡޔἫἴ੍㒐ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺖㗴߿੹ᓟߩข⚵ߩᣇ㊎ࠍ⸥ㅀߒߡ޿ࠆ▎ᚲࠍᛮ߈಴ߒߚޕߘߩᚻ㗅ߪᰴߩߣ ߅ࠅߢ޽ࠆޕ߹ߕޔฦ⸘↹ߦߟ޿ߡߢ଀␜ߐࠇߚޟᢥൻ⽷ߩ㒐ἴߦ㑐ߔࠆ੐㗄ޠߣޟᢥൻ⽷ߩ㒐ἴߦ㑐 ߔࠆౕ૕⊛ߥ⸘↹ޠߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆ㗄⋡ࠍᛠីߒߚޕᰴߦޔߘߩ㗄⋡ߦᦠ߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆᢥ┨߆ࠄޔㆱ㔍ޔᔕᕆភ⟎ޔ ᓳᣥ╬ߩኻ╷ࠍ㒰ᄖߒޔἫἴ㧔࿾㔡߽Ἣἴߦߟߥ߇ࠆ߽ߩߣߒߡ฽߼ߚޕ㧕੍㒐ኻ╷ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆ⺆ฏࠍᛮ߈ ಴ߒߚޕട߃ߡޔ⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹ߩో૕ࠍ♖ᩏߒߚߣߎࠈޔ㒐ἴ߹ߚߪ㒐Ἣߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆኻ╷ߢ޽ࠅߥ߇ࠄޔ਄ ⸥㗄⋡ߣߪ೎ߩޔᱧผ⊛㘑⥌ߩ⛽ᜬ෸߮ะ਄ߦ㑐ߔࠆޟߎࠇ߹ߢߩข⚵ޠ߿ޟၮᧄ⊛ᣇ㊎ޠ╬ߦ૏⟎ઃߌߡ ޿ࠆ⸘↹߇޽ߞߚߩߢޔ⋧ᒰߔࠆ⺆ฏࠍㅊടߒߚޕ ߘߩ⺆ฏߦߟ޿ߡޔ㒐ἴᣉ⸳╬ࡂ࡯࠼࠙ࠚࠕߩᢛ஻ޔ▤ℂ╬ߦଥࠆ߽ߩߣޔੱ⊛૕೙ޔᵴേ╬࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚ ࠕߩข⚵ߦଥࠆ߽ߩߦᄢ೎ߒߚߣߎࠈޔฦ⸘↹ߣ߽ࡂ࡯࠼࠙ࠚࠕޔ࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕߩਔ㕙ߦߟ޿ߡ৻એ਄ߩ⸥ ㅀ߇޽ߞߚ㧔଀߃߫ޔ࿑2~4㧕ޕᦝߦޔߘࠇߙࠇߩࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝࡯ߣዻߔࠆౝኈࠍޔኻ⽎‛߿ኻ⽎ߣߥࠆᵴേ೎ ߦ඙ಽߒޔߘࠇߙࠇߩ㗄⋡߇22⸘↹ਛ޿ߊߟߩ⸘↹ߦ૏⟎ઃߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠍࠣ࡜ࡈߦ⴫ߒߚ㧔࿑5㧕ޕ  ࿑ 3 ᢝ࿾ⵣ஥ߦਗ߱࿯⬿⟲ 㧔㜞ጊᏒ⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹㧕 ࿑ 4 ็ደવ⛔⊛ᑪㅧ‛⟲଻ሽ࿾඙ߢ ߩᶖ㒐⸠✵㧔㜞᪞Ꮢ⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹㧕 ࿑ 2 㒐ἴ᳓೑ᢛ஻੐ᬺ 㧔੩ㇺᏒ⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹㧕

⸘↹ߦࠃߞߡߪ૏⟎ઃߌᣇ߇ޟ㒐ἴ⸳஻ߩల ታޠ╬ߩࠃ߁ߦⶄᢙߩᚻᴺࠍ൮᜝⊛ߦ⸥ㅀߒߡ޿ ࠆ߽ߩߣޔޟ⾂᳓ᮏޔ᡼᳓㌂ߩ⸳⟎ޠ╬ߩࠃ߁ߦ ୘ޘߦౕ૕⊛ߦ⸥ㅀߒߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩ߇޽ࠆޕߎߩߚ ߼৻᭎ߦߪᲧセߢ߈ߥ޿߇ޔฦᏒ↸᧛ߪ⊒↢ߒߚ Ἣἴ߇ᑧ὾߳ߣ⊒ዷߒߡ߽ޔߎࠇࠍㅦ߿߆ߦᶖἫ ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆߚ߼ߩ⸳஻ߣޔߘࠇࠍታⴕߔࠆ ੱޘߩ໪⊒߿⸠✵ࠍ㊀ⷞߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ ৻ᣇޔክ⼏ળߢ᳞߼ࠄࠇߚࠃ߁ߥ᭴ㅧ⊛ߦἫἴ ߇ᑧ὾ߒߦߊ޿Ꮢⴝ࿾ߠߊࠅߩߚ߼ߩភ⟎ߦߟ޿ ߡߪޔ଀߃߫ޔ੩ㇺᏒߩ㕙⊛߆ߟᐢၞ⊛ߥ㒐ἴ᳓ ೑ᢛ஻੐ᬺ㧔࿑2㧕ޔ⪤ᏒߩἫ㒰࿾ߩ⸳ቯޔ㜞ጊ Ꮢߩᑧ὾ㆤᢿᏪߣߥࠆ࿯⬿⟲ߩ଻ో㧔࿑3㧕╬ޔ ৻ㇱߩ⸘↹ߦ⷗ࠄࠇߚޕߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄޔోߡߩᏒ ↸᧛߇⹺⼂ߒߡ⸘↹ߦ૏⟎ઃߌߡߪ޿ߥ޿ߎߣ߇ ᣿ࠄ߆ߣߥߞߚޕ 㑐ㅪ⸘↹ߦߺࠆᱧผ⊛㘑⥌⛽ᜬߦ㈩ᘦߒߚἫ ἴ੍㒐ᚻᴺ ߩ⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹ߦ૏⟎ઃߌࠄࠇߚἫἴ੍㒐 ኻ╷ߦߟ޿ߡޔห᭽ߩౝኈߩ㗄⋡߇޽ࠅ⛽ᜬะ਄ ⸘↹ࠃࠅ߽వߦ╷ቯߐࠇߚ⸘↹ߣᲧセߒߚޕߎߎ ߢขࠅ਄ߍߚޟవߦ╷ቯߐࠇߚ⸘↹ޠߪޔ⛽ᜬะ ਄⸘↹ߣߩ㑐ㅪᕈࠍ⸥ㅀߔߴ߈߽ߩߣߒߡㆇ↪ᜰ ㊎ߦ଀␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߩ߁ߜޔㇺᏒ㒐ἴߦ㑐ߔ ࠆ㗄⋡ࠍ᦭ߔࠆᏒ↸᧛ࡑࠬ࠲࡯ࡊ࡜ࡦߣޔᢥൻ⽷ ߩ㒐ἴߦ㑐ߒߡޔㆇ↪ᜰ㊎ࠍ⵬ቢߔࠆ߽ߩߣߒߡ ࿖࿯੤ㅢ⋭ߩ⋙ୃߩਅߦ⊒ⴕߐࠇߚޟᱧผ߹ߜߠ ߊࠅᴺࡂࡦ࠼ࡉ࠶ࠢޠ㧔એਅޟࡂࡦ࠼ࡉ࠶ࠢޠߣ ⇛⒓㧕ߦ߅޿ߡᢛวࠍ࿑ࠆߴ߈ߣߐࠇߚ࿾ၞ㒐ἴ ⸘↹ߩ2⸘↹ߣߒߚޕ CᏒ↸᧛ࡑࠬ࠲࡯ࡊ࡜ࡦ ࿖࿯੤ㅢ⋭߇╷ቯߒߚㇺᏒ⸘↹ㆇ↪ᜰ㊎ߢ ߪޔᏒ↸᧛ࡑࠬ࠲࡯ࡊ࡜ࡦߩၮᧄ⊛ߥ⠨߃ᣇ ߣߒߡޔฦᏒ↸᧛ߩ್ᢿߢ⸥ㅀߔࠆߎߣ߇⠨ ߃ࠄࠇࠆ㗄⋡ߣߒߡޟㇺᏒߩ㒐ἴᕈߩะ਄ޠ13) ߇᜼ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆޕߎߩߚ߼ޔ22Ꮢ↸᧛ߩ߁ ߜޔㇺᏒ㒐ἴߦଥࠆ㗄⋡ࠍ᜼ߍߡ޿ࠆ13Ꮢ↸ ᧛ߩᏒ↸᧛ࡑࠬ࠲࡯ࡊ࡜ࡦ14)ߦߟ޿ߡޔᱧผ⊛㘑⥌⛽ᜬ߿ᢥൻ⽷଻⼔ߩⷰὐ߆ࠄ೙⚂߇߆߆ࠆ⁁ᴫࠍ᣿⸥ ߒߚ਄ߢ⸥タߒߡ޿ߚ6Ꮢ↸᧛ߩἫἴ੍㒐ኻ╷ࠍᛠីߒޔ⴫1ߦᢛℂߒߚޕ D࿾ၞ㒐ἴ⸘↹ ᶖ㒐ᐡ߇╷ቯߒߚ࿾ၞ㒐ἴ⸘↹╷ቯߩᜰ㊎ߣߒߡᦨᣂߩ߽ߩ߇ޟᏒ↸᧛࿾ၞ㒐ἴ⸘↹㧔㔡ἴኻ╷✬㧕૞ ᚑߩᚻᒁ߈ޠߢ޽ࠆޕߎࠇߦࠃࠆߣޔ㔡ἴ੍㒐⸘↹ߩ㗄⋡ߢᧁㅧኒ㓸Ꮢⴝ࿾ኻ╷ߦ㑐ଥߔࠆ߽ߩߣߒߡߪ ޟ࿾㔡ߦᒝ޿߹ߜߠߊࠅߩផㅴޠޔޟᢥൻ⽷ߩ⠴㔡ൻߩផㅴޠ15)_{߇᜼ߍࠄࠇޔታ㓙ߩ࿾ၞ㒐ἴ⸘↹߽㘑᳓} ኂ✬ߘߩઁ߽฽߼ޔ߅߅߻ߨหߓ㗄⋡┙ߡߢ૞ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕߎߩߚ߼ޔ22Ꮢ↸᧛ߩ߁ߜᦨᣂߩ߽ߩ߇ࡎ ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫߦ౏㐿ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ10Ꮢ↸᧛ߩ࿾ၞ㒐ἴ⸘↹16)ߩߎࠇࠄߦ㘃ߔࠆ㗄⋡߆ࠄޔᱧผ⊛㘑⥌⛽ᜬ߿ᢥ ൻ⽷଻⼔ߩ೙⚂߇߆߆ࠆ⁁ᴫࠍ᣿⸥ߒߚ਄ߢᏒⴝ࿾ߦኻߔࠆἫἴ੍㒐ኻ╷ࠍ໑৻૏⟎ઃߌߡ޿ߚ੩ㇺᏒߦ ߟ޿ߡޔ⴫1ߦㅊടߒߚޕ ࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝࡯Ფߩว⸘       ࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝࡯ߩౝ⸶ ࿑ 5 Ἣἴ੍㒐ኻ╷ࠍ૏⟎ઃߌߚ⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹ߩઙᢙ

⴫ 1 ᱧผ⊛㘑⥌⛽ᜬ߿ᢥൻ⽷଻⼔ߩ೙⚂߇߆߆ࠆ⁁ᴫࠍ᣿⸥ߒߚ਄ߢߩἫἴ੍㒐ኻ╷ 㧔 ೙⚂߇߆߆ࠆ⁁ᴫޔ ౕ૕⊛ߥἫἴ੍㒐ኻ╷㧕 ⸘↹ฬ Ἣἴ੍㒐ኻ╷ Ꮢ↸᧛ ࡑࠬ࠲࡯ࡊ࡜ࡦ ࡮ᱧผ⊛⾗↥ߩ଻⼔࡮଻ోߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄ㒐Ἣ࿾ၞߩ᜛ᄢൻߪ৻᜼ߦߪផㅴߒߦߊ޿⁁ᴫߢ ߔޕᒰ㕙ߪޔㇺᔃㇱߦ㒐ἴ࿾ၞߩᜰቯࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ๟ㄝ࿾඙ߦߟ޿ߡߪᶖ㒐↪ᣉ⸳ߩ ᢛ஻లታࠍ࿑ࠅ߹ߔޕ㧔ᒾᩮᏒ㧕 ࡮ᧁㅧߩᑪ‛߇㓸Ⓧߔࠆၔਅ↸࿾඙ߦ߅޿ߡߪޔᱧผ⊛ᑪ‛ߩ଻ోࠍ⠨ᘦߒޔㆡಾߥᶖ㒐᳓೑ ߩ㈩⟎ޔἫἴࠍᧂὼߦ㒐ߋ࿾ၞߩ⥄ਥ⊛ߥข⚵ߺ╬ޔ࿾ၞߩታᖱߦᔕߓߚ㒐ἴኻ╷ࠍታᣉߒ ߹ߔޕ㧔›ጊᏒ㧕 ࡮ᱧผ⊛ⴝਗߺ଻ోߦ㈩ᘦߒߚ㒐ἴᕈߩะ਄ޕ㧔ਅ⺪⸰↸㧕 ࡮ᢥൻ⽷ߩ๟ㄝᏒⴝ࿾ߦ߅ߌࠆ㒐ἴ቟ోᕈߩะ਄ޕ㧔੩ㇺᏒ㧕 ࡮ᱧผ⊛ߥ߹ߜߥߺࠍ᦭ߔࠆ࿾ၞߢߪޔᶖ㒐ᵴേ߇࿎㔍ߥ⁜㓖㆏〝╬ߢᶖἫᵴേ߇น⢻ߥᶖ㒐 ↪ᯏེߩᢛ஻ࠍ࿑ࠆ߽ߩߣߒ߹ߔޕ㧔㐳ᵿᏒ㧕 ࡮ᱧผ⊛ߥ㘑ᖱࠍ଻ߜߟߟ⁜޿㆏〝ࠍޔ㔚✢㘃ࠍ࿾ਛൻߔࠆߥߤ቟ోᕈߩ㜞޿߽ߩߦᡷༀߒޔ ᑧ὾ࠍߊ޿ᱛ߼ࠆⴝ〝᮸ޔ౏࿦ߥߤߩࠝ࡯ࡊࡦࠬࡍ࡯ࠬࠍᢛ஻ߒޔ㧔ᓟ⇛㧕ޕ㧔⊕ᴡᏒ㧕 ࿾ၞ㒐ἴ⸘↹ ࡮↸ኅ࡮↸ਗߺߩ଻ሽ߿ౣ↢ߦะߌߡߩข⚵ߦ߅޿ߡߪޔᚲ᦭⠪ޔዬ૑⠪ࠍߪߓ߼࿾ၞ૑᳃ߩ ℂ⸃ߣදജߩ߽ߣߦޔߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ஥㕙߆ࠄ㒐ἴኻ╷ߦଥࠆข⚵ࠍផㅴ߿ᬌ⸛ࠍ࿑ߞߡ޿ߊޕ 㧔੩ㇺᏒ㧕 ࡮વ⛔⊛ᑪㅧ‛⟲଻ሽ࿾඙ߢߪޔવ⛔⊛ᑪㅧ‛⟲଻ሽ࿾඙ߢ޽ࠆ߇᡿ߦޔ৻⥸⊛ߥᏒⴝ࿾ߦ߅ ߌࠆ㒐ἴᚻᴺߢ޽ࠆޟ㆏〝ߩ᜛᏷ޠ߿ޟᴪ㆏ᑪ‛ߩ⠴Ἣᑪ▽ൻޠࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿ޕ 㧔ਛ⇛㧕㒐ἴᕈߩะ਄ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚ✚ว⊛ߥ߹ߜߠߊࠅ⸘↹ࠍ╷ቯߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦޔ⠴㔡ᕈ⾂᳓ ᮏߘߩઁߩ㒐ἴᵴേ਄ᔅⷐߥ⸳஻ޔ⚻〝߿႐ᚲ╬ࠍᢛ஻ߒޔ⥄േἫἴႎ⍮⸳஻ߥߤߩ⸳⟎ࠍ ផㅴߔࠆޕ߹ߚޔ࿾ၞ૑᳃ߩ߹ߜߠߊࠅᵴേ෸߮㒐ἴᵴേࠍᡰេߔࠆޕ㧔੩ㇺᏒ㧕 ࡮࿾ၞߩ᥊ⷰ߿ⅣႺߩ଻ోߦ߽㈩ᘦߒߟߟޔᑧ὾㒐ᱛߦ᦭ലߥᯏ⢻ࠍᜬߟⴝ〝᮸߿౏࿦࡮ⓨ࿾ ߩᢛ஻ޔ਄ਅ᳓㆏ߩᢿ᳓߿஗㔚ᤨߦ߽ᯏ⢻ߒޔᑧ὾㒐ᱛߦᔅⷐߥ᳓㊂ࠍ⏕଻ߢ߈ࠆᶖ㒐᳓೑ ߿ᶖἫ⸳஻ߩᢛ஻ޔᑪ▽‛ߩ⠴㔡ൻ࡮ਇΆൻ╬ߩข⚵ࠍㅴ߼ࠆޕߘߩߚ߼ޔ㑐ଥᯏ㑐ޔᢥൻ ⽷ᚲ᦭⠪ޔ࿾ၞߩ૑᳃ޔኾ㐷ኅߦࠃࠆᬌ⸛૕೙ࠍᢛ஻ߔࠆޕ㧔੩ㇺᏒ㧕 ߎࠇࠄߦࠃࠆߣޔᱧผ⊛㘑⥌⛽ᜬߩ೙⚂ਅߩኻ╷ࠍౕ૕⊛ߦ⸥ㅀ㧔⴫1ߩਅ✢ㇱಽ㧕ߒߚ⸘↹ߪ23ઙਛ5ઙ ߦߣߤ߹ࠅޔㇺᏒߠߊࠅߩⷰὐߢᱧผ⊛㘑⥌ࠍ⛽ᜬߒߟߟἫἴ੍㒐ኻ╷ࠍ⻠ߓࠆߎߣߩ㔍ߒߐ߇ᶋ߈ᓂࠅߣ ߥߞߚޕ৻ᣇߢޔ࿑5ߦ␜ߔ㗄⋡ߣޔ⴫1ߩᚻᴺࠍᲧセߔࠆߣޔ⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹ߦߪోߊ૏⟎ઃߌߩߥ߆ߞߚⴝ 〝᮸ޔ౏࿦╬ߩ✛߇ᑧ὾ㆤᢿᯏ⢻ࠍᜬߟ߽ߩߣߒߡ૏⟎ઃߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔⴫1ߩ࿐ߺㇱಽ㧕଀߇޽ࠆߎߣ߇ ᣿ࠄ߆ߣߥߞߚޕ ✛ߩၮᧄ⸘↹ߦߺࠆ✛ߩἫἴ੍㒐ᯏ⢻ ߘߎߢޔ⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹ࠍ╷ቯߒߚᏒ↸᧛ߪޔઁߩⴕ᡽⸘↹ߢⴝ〝᮸ޔ౏࿦╬ߩ✛߇ᑧ὾ㆤᢿᯏ⢻ࠍᜬߟ߽ ߩߣߒߡ⹏ଔߒߡ޿ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ޔㇺᏒ✛࿾ᴺ╙4᧦ߦၮߠߊ✛࿾ߩ଻ో෸߮✛ൻߩផㅴߦ㑐ߔࠆ ၮᧄ⸘↹㧔એਅޟ✛ߩၮᧄ⸘↹ޠߣ⇛⒓㧕ࠍ╷ቯߒߡ޿ࠆ14Ꮢ↸᧛17)_{ߦߟ޿ߡޔ㒐ἴߦ㑐ߔࠆౝኈࠍᛠីߒ} ⴫2ߦᢛℂߒߚޕ ⴫2 ✛ߩၮᧄ⸘↹ߦ૏⟎ઃߌࠄࠇߚኒ㓸Ꮢⴝ࿾߿૑ቛ࿾ߩἫἴ੍㒐ኻ╷ ኒ㓸Ꮢⴝ࿾߿૑ቛ࿾ߩ✛ ᱧผ⊛ᢥൻ⊛⾗↥ߩ✛ ࡮ⴝ〝᮸ޔ㆏〝✛ൻ㧔㜞ጊᏒޔᒾᩮᏒޔ⪤Ꮢޔ›ጊᏒޔ ੩ㇺᏒޔ㐳ᵿᏒޔ᧻ᳯᏒ㧕 ࡮౏࿦㧔ᒾᩮᏒޔ›ጊᏒޔ㐳ᵿᏒ㧕 ࡮ᐢ႐ޔⓨ࿾ޔࠝ࡯ࡊࡦࠬࡍ࡯ࠬ㧔㊄ᴛᏒޔᒾᩮᏒޔ› ጊᏒ㧕 ࡮౏౒ᣉ⸳✛ൻ㧔ᒾᩮᏒޔ⪤ᏒޔᵤጊᏒޔ㐳ᵿᏒ㧕 ࡮᳃᦭࿾✛ൻ㧔ᒾᩮᏒޔ›ጊᏒޔ੩ㇺᏒޔ㐳ᵿᏒޔ⊕ᴡ Ꮢ㧕 ࡮↢၂㧔›ጊᏒޔᵤጊᏒ㧕 ࡮㓞࿾Ⴚ⇇㧔ᄥቿᐭᏒ㧕 ࡮Ꮢⴝൻ඙ၞౝߩ᮸ᨋ࿾㧔›ጊᏒ㧕 ࡮␠ኹᨋޔႺౝ࿾㧔ᒾᩮᏒޔ⪤ᏒޔᵤጊᏒޔ⊕ᴡᏒ㧕 ࡮ผ〔㧔ᒾᩮᏒ㧕 ࡮ᐢ⷗*㧔㊄ᴛᏒ㧕 *ᐢ⷗ߣߪޔ⮲᡽ᦼߦἫἴߩᑧ὾ߩ㒐ᱛ╬ߩߚ߼ߦ⸳ߌࠄࠇ ߚᐢ႐ߢޔ㆏〝ߩ৻ㇱ߇ᐢߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩࠍ޿߁㧔࿑ 6㧕ޕ㧔㊄ᴛᏒߦ߅ߌࠆᐢ⷗╬ߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖⓨ㑆ߩ଻ሽ෸ ߮ᵴ↪ߦ㑐ߔࠆ᧦଀╙2᧦(1)ߦቯ⟵㧕

ߎࠇߦࠃࠆߣޔ⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹ࠍ╷ቯߒߚ22Ꮢ↸᧛ߩ߁ߜ11߇ኒ㓸Ꮢ ⴝ࿾߿૑ቛ࿾ߢߩ✛߿ࠝ࡯ࡊࡦࠬࡍ࡯ࠬߩᑧ὾ㆤᢿᯏ⢻ࠍ⹏ଔߒޔ㆏ 〝ޔ౏࿦ࠍ฽߻౏౒ᣉ⸳ߩ✛ൻޔ᳃᦭࿾ߩ✛ൻࠍ૏⟎ઃߌߡ߅ࠅޔ․ ߦޔ✛ߩਛߦߪ␠ኹᨋޔผ〔ޔᐢ⷗ߩࠃ߁ߥޔߘࠇ⥄૕߇ᱧผ⊛ᢥൻ ⊛⾗↥ߦߥࠅᓧࠆ✛߿ࠝ࡯ࡊࡦࠬࡍ࡯ࠬ߇ޔߘߩἫἴ੍㒐ലᨐࠍ⹏ଔ ߐࠇ૏⟎ઃߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ଀߽5Ꮢ↸᧛޽ߞߚޕߎࠇࠄߩߎߣ߆ࠄޔ⛽ᜬ ะ਄⸘↹ࠍ╷ቯߒߚᏒ↸᧛ߩਛߦߪޔ✛ߪ㒐ἴ㕙߆ࠄ߽ᱧผ⊛㘑⥌ࠍ ⛽ᜬߢ߈ࠆⷐ⚛ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ⹺⼂ߒߡᵴ↪ߒࠃ߁ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ଀߽ዋߥ ߆ࠄߕሽ࿷ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߣߥߞߚޕ ⺖㗴ߩ⠨ኤ એ਄ߩಽᨆ⚿ᨐࠍ〯߹߃ޔߎߎߢߪⴝ〝᮸ޔ౏࿦╬ߩ✛ߦࠃࠆἫἴ੍㒐ലᨐߦߟ޿ߡޔᏒ↸᧛߇ઁߩ⸘↹ ߦ૏⟎ઃߌߡ޿ߚߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹ߦ૏⟎ઃߌߡ޿ߥ޿ℂ↱ߦߟ޿ߡ⠨ኤߔࠆޕ ⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹ߪᏒ↸᧛߇╷ቯߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔߘߩ⸥タ੐㗄ߦߟ޿ߡߪᏒ↸᧛ߩ⥄↱ߢߪߥߊޔᴺ઎߿ ㆇ↪ᜰ㊎ߦࠃࠆ࿖ߩᒝ޿㑐ਈ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇޔታ㓙ߦ╷ቯߐࠇߚ⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹ߪޔ߅߅߻ߨหߓ㗄⋡┙ߡߦߥߞ ߡ޿ࠆޕߎߩㆇ↪ᜰ㊎ߦ߅޿ߡޔ㒐ἴߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔߦ␜ߒߚࠃ߁ߦޟᢥൻ⽷ߩ㒐ἴߦ㑐ߔࠆޠ㗄⋡߇⸳ ߌࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅޔ․ߦޟ㒐ἴޠߩౝኈߦߟ޿ߡ࿖߇ᗐቯߔࠆ⠨߃ᣇߪޔࡂࡦ࠼ࡉ࠶ࠢߦޟᢥൻ⽷ߦኻߔࠆ㒐ἴ ߩ૕೙߿㒐ἴ⸳஻ߩ⃻⁁ࠍᛠីߒߚ਄ߢޔᶖ㒐ዪ╬ࠍߪߓ߼ߣߒߚ㑐ଥㇱዪޔ࿾ၞߩ㒐ἴ⚵❱╬ฦ⒳࿅૕ߣ ㅪ៤ߒߚ૕೙ᢛ஻ߩ᭴▽ߣ⷗࿁ࠅޔ㒐ἴ⸠✵╬ߩ੍㒐ភ⟎ਗ߮ߦ㒐ἴ⸳஻ߩ⸳⟎ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺖㗴෸߮ኻ╷ࠍ⸥ タߔࠆޕ㧔ਛ⇛㧕ߘߩ㓙ߪޔ୘೎ߩᢥൻ⽷ߩ㒐ἴߦ㑐ߔࠆ⸘↹߿࿾ၞ㒐ἴ⸘↹ߣߩᢛวࠍ࿑ࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ ࠆޕޠ18)ߣ⸃⺑ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ ৻ᣇޔⴝ〝᮸ޔ౏࿦╬ߩ✛ߦߟ޿ߡߪޔฦ⸘↹ߪޟᢥൻ⽷ߩ๟ㄝⅣႺߩ଻ోߦ㑐ߔࠆޠ㗄⋡ߦ૏⟎ઃߌߡ ޿ࠆޕߎߩ㗄⋡ߪޔㆇ↪ᜰ㊎ߢߪޟᢥൻ⽷ߩ㒐ἴߦ㑐ߔࠆޠ㗄⋡ߩ೨ߦ೎㗄⋡ߢ┙ߡࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄޔ ޟᢥൻ⽷ߩ๟ㄝⅣႺߩ଻ోޠߦߪޟᢥൻ⽷ߩ㒐ἴޠߪ฽߹ࠇߥ޿ߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߢ޽ࠆޕ߹ߚޔࡂࡦ࠼ࡉ࠶ࠢ ߢߪޟᢥൻ⽷ߩ๟ㄝⅣႺࠍ଻ోߔࠆߎߣߪޔᢥൻ⽷ࠍᩭߣߒߚᢥൻ⊛ߥⓨ㑆ࠍᒻᚑߒޔᩭߣߥࠆᢥൻ⽷ߩ㝯 ജࠍߐࠄߦ㜞߼ࠆߎߣߦߥࠆޕޠ18)_{ߣ⸃⺑ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄޔ✛ߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔ㒐ἴએᄖߩⅣႺ㕙ߢߩ⹏ଔ߇} ථ⿧ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ ߎߩࠃ߁ߦޔㆇ↪ᜰ㊎߿ࡂࡦ࠼ࡉ࠶ࠢߪޔ╷ቯߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆᏒ↸᧛߇ⴝ〝᮸ޔ౏࿦╬ߩ✛ࠍ᥊ⷰ߿㝯ജะ ਄ߩߺߥࠄߕ㒐ἴߣߩਔ㕙ߢᝒ߃ޔ෺ᣇߩᯏ⢻ࠍหᤨߦ⊒ើߐߖࠆߚ߼ߩ㈩⟎߿੐ᬺߩఝవᐲ╬ߩᬌ⸛ࠍ௛ ߈ដߌࠆࠃ߁ߥ᭴ᚑ߿ౝኈߣߪ⸒߃ߥ޿ޕޟ㒐ἴޠߦߟ޿ߡ⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹ߦ㗄⋡ߣߒߡ⚵ߺㄟ߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆ⿰ ᣦࠍᏒ↸᧛ߦᱜ⏕߆ߟౕ૕⊛ߦવ߃ޔ⸘↹ߦ෻ᤋߐߖࠆߚ߼ߦߪޔ✛ࠍ฽߼ߚᢥൻ⽷ߩ๟ㄝⅣႺࠍ㒐ἴߣ᥊ ⷰߩਔ㕙߆ࠄᝒ߃ࠆߣߣ߽ߦޔ᭴ㅧ⊛ߦἫἴ߇ᑧ὾ߒߦߊ޿Ꮢⴝ࿾ߠߊࠅߩߚ߼ߩភ⟎ࠍᬌ⸛ߒߡ૏⟎ઃߌ ࠆࠃ߁ㆇ↪ᜰ㊎߹ߚߪࠟࠗ࠼ࡉ࠶ࠢߦ᣿⸥ߔࠆ߆ޔᦝߦߪޔᢥൻ⽷ߩ๟ㄝⅣႺߦߟ޿ߡ㒐ἴߣ᥊ⷰࠍ㑐ㅪઃ ߌߡ⸥タߒ߿ߔ޿ࠃ߁ߦޔ⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹ߩ㗄⋡┙ߡࠍౣᬌ⸛ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ

㧡㧚⚿⺰

  ᧄⓂߦ߅޿ߡ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚὐࠍએਅߦᢛℂߔࠆޕ ᴺ᩺ᬌ⸛ߩㆊ⒟ߢ㐿߆ࠇߚክ⼏ળߩᆔຬߩᗧ⷗߆ࠄޔ⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹ߦ߅ߌࠆޟ㒐ἴޠߪޔᢥൻ⽷ߣ๟ㄝ ⅣႺࠍ㒐ἴߣ᥊ⷰߩਔ㕙ߢᝒ߃ޔ᭴ㅧ⊛ߦἫἴߩᑧ὾ߒߦߊ޿ㇺᏒ⸘↹࡮ᑪ▽㕙߆ࠄߩភ⟎߇ታⴕߐࠇࠆ ߎߣࠍᗧ࿑ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚޕ ታ㓙ߦ╷ቯߐࠇߚ⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹ߢߪޔክ⼏ળߢ᳞߼ࠄࠇߚࠃ߁ߥ᭴ㅧ⊛ߦἫἴ߇ᑧ὾ߒߦߊ޿Ꮢⴝ࿾ߠ ߊࠅߩߚ߼ߩភ⟎ߦߟ޿ߡߪޔ৻ㇱߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆ߽ߩߩోߡߩᏒ↸᧛߇⹺⼂ߒߡ⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹ߦ૏⟎ઃߌߡ ߪ޿ߥ޿ߎߣࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚޕ 㑐ㅪ⸘↹ߩᱧผ⊛㘑⥌⛽ᜬߩ೙⚂ਅߦ߅ߌࠆἫἴ੍㒐ኻ╷ߦߪޔ⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹ߦߪ૏⟎ઃߌߩߥ߆ߞߚ ⴝ〝᮸ޔ౏࿦╬ߩ✛߇ᑧ὾ㆤᢿᯏ⢻ࠍᜬߟ߽ߩߣߒߡ૏⟎ઃߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ଀߇޽ߞߚޕ߹ߚޔ⛽ᜬะ਄⸘ ↹ࠍ╷ቯߒߚᏒ↸᧛ߩਛߦߪޔ✛ߪ㒐ἴ㕙߆ࠄ߽ᱧผ⊛㘑⥌ࠍ⛽ᜬߢ߈ࠆⷐ⚛ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ⹺⼂ߒߡᵴ↪ ߒࠃ߁ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ଀߽ዋߥ߆ࠄߕሽ࿷ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚޕ ࿑ 6 ㊄ᴛᏒߩᐢ⷗

⠨ኤߩ⚿ᨐࠍ〯߹߃ޔޟ㒐ἴޠߦߟ޿ߡ⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹ߦ㗄⋡ߣߒߡ⚵ߺㄟ߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆ⿰ᣦࠍᏒ↸᧛ߦᱜ ⏕߆ߟౕ૕⊛ߦવ߃ޔ⸘↹ߦ෻ᤋߐߖࠆߚ߼ߦߪޔ✛ࠍ฽߼ߚᢥൻ⽷ߩ๟ㄝⅣႺࠍ㒐ἴߣ᥊ⷰߩਔ㕙߆ࠄ ᝒ߃ࠆߣߣ߽ߦޔ᭴ㅧ⊛ߦἫἴ߇ᑧ὾ߒߦߊ޿Ꮢⴝ࿾ߠߊࠅߩߚ߼ߩភ⟎ࠍᬌ⸛ߒߡ૏⟎ઃߌࠆࠃ߁ㆇ↪ ᜰ㊎߹ߚߪࠟࠗ࠼ࡉ࠶ࠢߦ᣿⸥ߔࠆ߆ޔᦝߦߪޔᢥൻ⽷ߩ๟ㄝⅣႺߦߟ޿ߡ㒐ἴߣ᥊ⷰࠍ㑐ㅪઃߌߡ⸥タ ߒ߿ߔ޿ࠃ߁ߦޔ⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹ߩ㗄⋡┙ߡࠍౣᬌ⸛ߔࠆߣ޿߁ᡷༀ╷ߩឭ᩺ࠍ⹜ߺߚޕ

㧢㧚੹ᓟߩ⺖㗴

 ᧄⓂߩ▸࿐ߢߪޔ೙ᐲߣߒߡߩ൮᜝⊛ߥ⺖㗴ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ߇ޔᧄ᧪ฦᱧผㇺᏒߪޔߘ ࠇߙࠇߦ⇣ߥࠆ࿾ᒻޔ㘑࿯ޔᱧผࠍᜬߜޔᱧผ⊛㘑⥌ߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆᑪㅧ‛߿ੱޘߩ༡ߺ߽ฦޘߩ․ᓽࠍᜬߟޕ ੹ᓟߪޔ22ઙߩฦᏒ↸᧛ߩታᖱ߿⢛᥊ࠍ୘೎ߦ⺞ᩏߔࠆߎߣࠍㅢߒߡޔࠃࠅ♖✺ߥಽᨆࠍⴕ߁ᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆޕ ⻢ㄉ㧦ᧄ⎇ⓥߪޔᢥㇱ⑼ቇ⋭ࠣࡠ࡯ࡃ࡞COEࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓޟᱧผㇺᏒࠍ቞ࠆޡᢥൻㆮ↥㒐ἴቇޢផㅴ᜚ὐޠߩ ᡰេࠍฃߌߚޕߎߎߦ⸥ߒߡ⻢ᗧࠍ⴫ߔࠆޕ ෳ⠨ᢥ₂ 1) ᱧผ⊛㘑࿯ክ⼏ળ㧦੹ᓟߩฎㇺߦ߅ߌࠆᱧผ⊛㘑࿯ߩ଻ሽߩ޽ࠅᣇߦߟ޿ߡ㧔ᗧ⷗ౕ↳㧕㧘p. 4㧘1998㧚 2) ࿖ㇺ✚╙12ภ㧦␠ળ⾗ᧄᢛ஻ክ⼏ળળ㐳᫪ਅᵗ৻ተߡ࿖࿯੤ㅢᄢ⤿ᨋኡሶ㧘⻁໧㧘2003㧚 3) ࿖␠ᢛክ╙ 26 ภ㧦࿖࿯੤ㅢᄢ⤿౻ᩊ㐅ਃተߡ␠ળ⾗ᧄᢛ஻ክ⼏ળળ㐳ᒛን჻ᄦ㧘ᄢᵤᏒߦ߅ߌࠆᣂߚߥฎㇺᜰቯߥ ߤޔ੹ᓟߩฎㇺ଻ሽⴕ᡽ߩ޽ࠅᣇߪ޿߆ߦ޽ࠆߴ߈߆ޕ㧘2008㧚 4) ᢥൻክ⼏ળᢥൻ⽷ಽ⑼ળડ↹⺞ᩏળ㧦ᢥൻክ⼏ળᢥൻ⽷ಽ⑼ળડ↹⺞ᩏળႎ๔ᦠ㧘2007㧚 5) ␠ળ⾗ᧄᢛ஻ክ⼏ળㇺᏒ⸘↹࡮ᱧผ⊛㘑࿯ಽ⑼ળᱧผ⊛㘑࿯ㇱળ㧦╙ 4 ࿁ޟฎㇺ଻ሽⴕ᡽ߩℂᔨߩో࿖ዷ㐿ޠዊᆔ ຬળ⼏੐㍳㧘pp. 31-32㧘2006㧚 6) ␠ળ⾗ᧄᢛ஻ክ⼏ળㇺᏒ⸘↹࡮ᱧผ⊛㘑࿯ಽ⑼ળᱧผ⊛㘑࿯ㇱળฎㇺ଻ሽⴕ᡽ߩℂᔨߩో࿖ዷ㐿ዊᆔຬળ㧦ฎㇺ଻ ሽⴕ᡽ߩℂᔨߩో࿖ዷ㐿ዊᆔຬળႎ๔㧘pp. 5-6㧘2006㧚 7) ࿖࿯੤ㅢ⋭ㇺᏒ࡮࿾ၞᢛ஻ዪ㧦ᱧผ⊛㘑࿯ߩ଻ሽ࡮⛮ᛚዊᆔຬળႎ๔ߦ⋓ࠅㄟ߻ߴ߈੐㗄㧔᩺㧕㧦╙4࿁ᱧผ⊛㘑࿯ ߩ଻ሽ࡮⛮ᛚዊᆔຬળ⾗ᢱ3-2㧘2007㧚 8) ␠ળ⾗ᧄᢛ஻ክ⼏ળㇺᏒ⸘↹࡮ᱧผ⊛㘑࿯ಽ⑼ળᱧผ⊛㘑࿯ㇱળ㧦╙4࿁ᱧผ⊛㘑࿯ߩ଻ሽ࡮⛮ᛚዊᆔຬળ⼏੐㍳㧘pp. 12-14, 34㧘2007㧚 9) ࿖࿯੤ㅢ⋭ㇺᏒ࡮࿾ၞᢛ஻ዪ㧦␠ળ⾗ᧄᢛ஻ክ⼏ળㇺᏒ⸘↹࡮ᱧผ⊛㘑࿯ಽ⑼ળᱧผ⊛㘑࿯ㇱળᱧผ⊛㘑࿯ߩ଻ ሽ࡮⛮ᛚዊᆔຬળႎ๔㧔᩺㧕ߦ㑐ߔࠆࡄࡉ࡝࠶ࠢࠦࡔࡦ࠻ߩ᭎ⷐ෸߮ߎࠇߦኻߔࠆኻᔕ╬ߦߟ޿ߡ㧦╙ 5 ࿁ᱧผ⊛㘑 ࿯ߩ଻ሽ࡮⛮ᛚዊᆔຬળ⾗ᢱ 2㧘p. 3㧘2008㧚 10) ࿖࿯੤ㅢ⋭ㇺᏒ࡮࿾ၞᢛ஻ዪ㧦ᱧผ⊛㘑࿯ߩ଻ሽ࡮⛮ᛚዊᆔຬળႎ๔㧔᩺㧕㧦╙ 5 ࿁ᱧผ⊛㘑࿯ߩ଻ሽ࡮⛮ᛚዊᆔ ຬળ⾗ᢱ 3-2㧘pp. 8, 10-11㧘2008㧚 11) ␠ળ⾗ᧄᢛ஻ክ⼏ળㇺᏒ⸘↹࡮ᱧผ⊛㘑࿯ಽ⑼ળᱧผ⊛㘑࿯ㇱળ㧦╙ 5 ࿁ᱧผ⊛㘑࿯ߩ଻ሽ࡮⛮ᛚዊᆔຬળ⼏੐㍳㧘pp. 28, 30㧘2008㧚 12) ㊄ᴛᏒ㧘㜞ጊᏒ㧘ᒾᩮᏒ㧘⪤Ꮢ㧘੉ጊᏒ㧘›ጊᏒ㧘ਅ⺪⸰↸㧘૒Ꮉ↸㧘ጊ㣮Ꮢ㧘᪉ᎹᏒ㧘ᵤጊᏒ㧘੩ㇺᏒ㧘᳓ᚭᏒ㧘 㐳ᵿᏒ㧘ᒄ೨Ꮢ㧘↞ᭉ↸㧘㜞᪞Ꮢ㧘ᄥቿᐭᏒ㧘ਃᅢᏒ㧘⊕ᴡᏒ㧘᧻ᳯᏒ㧘ᕺ㇊Ꮢ㧦ᱧผ⊛㘑⥌⛽ᜬะ਄⸘↹ 㧘 http://www.mlit.go.jp/crd/rekimachi/index.html (2011/4/1⃻࿷)㧚 13) ࿖࿯੤ㅢ⋭㧦╙ 5  ㇺᏒ⸘↹ㆇ↪ᜰ㊎㧘p. 35㧘2006㧚 14) ㊄ᴛᏒ(2009)㧘ᒾᩮᏒ(2007)㧘⪤Ꮢ(2010 ᡷቯ⚛᩺)㧘੉ጊᏒ(2010)㧘›ጊᏒ(2011 ᡷቯ⚛᩺)㧘ਅ⺪⸰↸(⃻ⴕ᭎ⷐ)㧘 ጊ㣮Ꮢ(2009)㧘ᵤጊᏒ(2008)㧘੩ㇺᏒ(2007)㧘᳓ᚭᏒ(2000)㧘㐳ᵿᏒ(2009)㧘⊕ᴡᏒ(2009)㧘᧻ᳯᏒ(2009)㧦Ꮢ↸᧛ߩㇺ Ꮢ⸘↹ߦ㑐ߔࠆၮᧄ⊛ߥᣇ㊎㧘ฦᏒ↸᧛ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ (2011/4/3 ⃻࿷)㧚 15) ✚ോ⋭ᶖ㒐ᐡ㧦ޟᏒ↸᧛࿾ၞ㒐ἴ⸘↹㧔㔡ἴኻ╷✬㧕ޠ૞ᚑᡰេߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏᬌ⸛ᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ㧘╙ 2 ┨╙ 2 ▵ 1, 9㧘2002㧚 16) ㊄ᴛᏒ㧘⪤Ꮢ㧘੉ጊᏒ㧘ਅ⺪⸰↸㧘੩ㇺᏒ㧘᳓ᚭᏒ㧘ᒄ೨Ꮢ㧘㜞᪞Ꮢ㧘᧻ᳯᏒ㧘ᕺ㇊ᏒฦᏒ↸᧛㒐ἴળ⼏㧦Ꮢ↸᧛ ࿾ၞ㒐ἴ⸘↹㧘ฦᏒ↸᧛ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ (2011/3/23 ⃻࿷)㧚 17) ㊄ᴛᏒ(ႎ๔ᦠ 1998)㧘㜞ጊᏒ*(2010 ᡷቯ⚛᩺)㧘ᒾᩮᏒ*(2006)㧘⪤Ꮢ*(2010 ᡷቯ⚛᩺)㧘੉ጊᏒ(1999)㧘›ጊᏒ(1995)㧘 ᵤጊᏒ(2000)㧘੩ㇺᏒ*(2010)㧘㐳ᵿᏒ*(2011)㧘ᒄ೨Ꮢ(1999)㧘ᄥቿᐭᏒ(2002)㧘⊕ᴡᏒ(ႎ๔ᦠ 1998)㧘᧻ᳯᏒ(2000)㧘 ᕺ㇊Ꮢ(ႎ๔ᦠ 2000)㧦✛ߩၮᧄ⸘↹㧘*ߪฦᏒ↸᧛ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ(2011/3/23-25 ⃻࿷)㧚 18) ᱧผ߹ߜߠߊࠅᴺ⎇ⓥળ㧦ᱧผ߹ߜߠߊࠅᴺࡂࡦ࠼ࡉ࠶ࠢ㧦ᩣᑼળ␠߉ࠂ߁ߖ޿㧘pp. 113-114㧘2009㧚