親切と感謝の行動が幸福感に及ぼす影響

原著

親切と感謝の行動が幸福感に及ぼす影響 *

北 村 瑞 穂 **

-IZUHO ¥ේڪאƜƤ¦ड़ৎܶ௘LJॊƁƆƊƐǀӀదƝ¦ड़ৎƠƊǁƔƈƝƭƣՂࡑƣ೿ผLJॊƁƆƊƐǀӀదLJ ƒǁƓǁ࠾ߺƌ¦ĹȞڔ۩Ơड़ৎܶ௘ƭƣ௘֋ƚƆƹड़ৎܶ௘ƣব֙ƹࡣ՝୴܎ുՂƣ݄ƳƿƁگƾǁǀ ƀLJೊԁڥௌƌƔ§࠾ڷװ໧ࡐƤ࣑߰ૉֈગԆব 82 บÎՂࡑ٘ 18 บ¦ड़ৎ٘ 35 บ¦ேঝ٘ 29 บÏƜŷƘƔ§ ƳƔ¦Ӏదପ۩ƣվƌƀƘƔªՂࡑƌƔٶڷƁӀద٘Ƥேঝ٘ƽƿ݄ŹƔƶ¦ƈǁƾƣӀదƁड़ৎܶ௘ƭ ƣ௘֋ƚƆƹȅǠǮNjǾƟՂनƣభ૜ƠƙƟƁǀҔృডƁࠤݶƊǁƔ§ƌƀƌࡣ՝୴܎ുՂƠƙŹƛƤՂ ࡑܶ௘Ɲड़ৎܶ௘ƣӀదƣ۾ҜƤӼభƜƂƟƀƘƔ§

Key words:¥gratitude, kindness, happiness

目 的 ¥Ҷ½ƤతधবԖƣ૴Ɯ¦੮ࡐƀƾƣड़ৎLJࡱƆ ǀƈƝƁŷǀ§ƒƌƛ¦ƒƣड़ৎƠ઀ƌƛՂࡑƌ¦ ࠜƠƤƒƣ֎ࠛƖLJۄຏƹܶ௘Ơ೿ƌƛ਼ࡦƠ஋ ŽǀƈƝƁŷǀ§ՂࡑLJՂƍǀƈƝƤ¦ॣ½ƣ܎ ുՂLJ݄ƶǀҔృডƁŷǀ§ƳƔड़ৎƠƌƛƄǁ Ɣ਼ࡦƠՂࡑLJ೿ผƎǀܶ௘Ƥ¦਼ࡦƣड़ৎܶ௘ LJ׷ҍƌ¦ۣŹƠƽƿ໡Źॣբդٞƣܟ૩LJ੕ॠ ƎǀƈƝƁ๷ਭƊǁǀ§ՂࡑƝƤ¦Ҷ½ƁƉƄత ध୴ƠٶڷƎǀՂनƜŷǀ§ƌƀƌ¦Ղࡑƣܟ੔ Ƥൃ߆Ɯŷƿ¦ՂࡑƁব֙Ǝǀभ׿ƠſƆǀՂन ੾ڷƣ࡫໸Ɲ׷ƊƷງ½ƜŷǀƈƝƁ¦ةవผƾ ƀƠƊǁƛƂƛŹǀ§ ¥ՂࡑƤ¦࢘ຢƣڪאƣ੯ƄƜ “ ੮ࡐƠ࣏ƆƾǁƔ ” ƝŹƘƔ੮ࡐƀƾƣପ৐୴߷љLJࡱƆǀभ׿Ơ ۆୖƊǁ¦ȅǠǮNjǾƟՂनƝƌƛਗ਼ŽƾǁƛƂ Ɣ (Bartlett & DeSteno, 2006; Naito, Wangwan & Tani, 2005; Wangwan, 2004, 2005) § ໻ Ž ƥ¦McCullough, Kilpatrick, Emmons, & Larson (2001) Ƥ¦ Ղ ࡑ LJ ੮ ॣƀƾड़ৎƹາ௨LJࡱƆǀƈƝƠƽƘƛবƍǀՂ नƝƌ¦ܰୖ୴Ɯ඼ƳƌŹƷƣƝƌƛਗ਼ŽƛŹǀ§ ƊƾƠ¦ՂࡑƤ੮ࡐƣ௣௩୴ܶ௘Ơƽǀ୿٥୴Ɵ ڑҜƜŷƿ¦ ۩ƣ௣௩୴ܶ௘LJ੕Ǝ௣௩୴ՂनƜ ŷǀƝࢬƮƛŹǀ§ƌƀƌƟƁƾ¦ՂࡑƤ੮ࡐƀ ƾƣପ৐୴߷љƠۆୖƊǁƟŹƝŹŻඓݒƷŷ ǀ§ ໻ Ž ƥ¦Emmons & McCullough (2003) Ƥ¦ ࠾ ڷߐғࡐƁ֗ࢬƌƔՂࡑব֙भ׿ƣ૴Ơ “ ଗ֙ƂƔ ƝƂ ” ƝŹŻƷƣƁŷƘƔƝࢬƮƛŹǀ§ƈǁƤ ੮ࡐƣ੨ޟƁਭୖƊǁƛŹƟŹभ׿Ɯŷǀ§ƳƔ¦ ՂࡑƁȅǠǮNjǾƟՂनƕƆƜƟŹƈƝLJࠤƎڪ אƷŷǀ§ૡஎ (2006) Ƥ¦সవֈƠſƆǀඌड़Ơ ઀ƎǀՂࡑƠƤ¦љ࣏ *** ƌƛƄǁǀƈƝƣվƌƊ¦ ŷƿƁƔƊƝŹƘƔܰୖ୴ՂनƕƆƜƟƄ¦ഫૂ LJƀƆƛƎƳƟŹƝՂƍǀࠧ৉୴ƟՂनƁժƳǁ ǀƈƝLJผƾƀƠƌƛŹǀ§ƈǁƤ¦ՂࡑƌƔࠜ ¥ේ༶൘ƣЀശƤతේॊືԆӁઘ  ӃગӁƠſŹƛಓ೿ƊǁƔ§ ߫᎝కԆђૉֈગԆ¥ȑnjǽǯǞnjțਿ݉ԆҚ ***ՂࡑƤ੮ࡐƣܶ௘ƁƟƄƛƷƒƣ֎ࠛƖƁবƍǀत ݉ƷŷǀƁ¦੯Ƅƣत݉Ƥ੮ࡐƣљ࣏ƹड़ৎLJࡱƆƛব ƍǀƷƣƜŷǀ§ƈƣљ࣏ƹड़ৎƝƤϞҌƣƽŻƠୖ֫ ƊǁƛŹǀ§૴੬ (1987) Ƥ¦љ࣏LJ “ ݤఙLJࠧ໧ƜӂڎƜ ƂƟŹभઆƠŷƘƔƿ¦ƒƣƳƳග૤ƎǀƝƒƣƽŻƟ भઆƠƟƘƛƌƳŹƒŻƟॣƠ઀ƌƛ¦ƒƣभઆƀƾಘ ƆࢪƌƔƿ¦ݤఙƟभઆƁೖƆƾǁǀƽŻƠ¦੯ࣧƣ੫ ࠶LJƈŻƵǀƈƝƤӾ۫ƣŻŽƜ໧LJએƎܶ௘ ” Ɲୖ֫ ƌƛŹǀ§Ѐඝ¦ગࠩ২ƠƽǀƝ¦ड़ৎƝƤ “ ਼ࡦƣफ़Ơ ƟƘƛ¦ƒƣॣƣƔƶƠҏƀLJƎǀƈƝ§ߵŹƹƿLJƷ ƘƛॣƣƔƶƠƙƄƎƈƝ§” Ɲ৖ผƊǁƛŹǀ ( ࣶ੬ , 2008)§ĺƙƣӣశƤ¦ܶ௘Ɲƌƛƣ೿ࢪƠƤગƂƟϷŹ ƁƟŹƁ¦ड़ৎƤљ࣏ƝೊƮǀƝ¦ߵŹƹƿLJƷƘƛŹ Ɣƿ¦਼ࡦƣफ़ƠƟƘƛŹƔƿƎǀஊƁϯƟǀƝܯŽƾ ǁǀ§ේڪאƜƤ¦࠾ڷƠſŹƛƤड़ৎܶ௘ƝŹŻۄຏ LJ຋ŹǀƁ¦ռේ୴Ơड़ৎƣܶ௘ศƠƣƴࣿஊLJீƛǀ Ɣƶ¦ड़ৎܶ௘Ɲљ࣏ܶ௘LJ௫Ơذ൬ƌƟŹƜܯ޿Ǝǀ ƈƝƝƎǀ§ ӀదƣڑҜ¦Ղࡑ٘ƣड़ৎܶ௘ƭƣ௘֋ƚƆƁ݄ƳƘƔ§ƊƾƠड़ৎ٘ƣड़ৎܶ௘LJ࠾ܶƎǀॣঊƁ੏ŽƔ§

ƠবƍǀՂनƁ¦િƠȅǠǮNjǾՂनƕƆƜƟƄ¦ त݉ƠƽƘƛƤǵǔǮNjǾՂनLJবƍƊƐƛŹǀ ƈƝLJࠤƌƛŹǀ§ ¥ਂࢬƌƔڪאƣఊ຀ƟƞLJࡱƆƛ¦੒мª೙܁ (2011a) Ƥ¦ՂࡑƁ੮ࡐƀƾƣପ৐୴߷љLJࡱƆǀ भ׿ƠۆୖƊǁǀƈƝ¦ՂࡑƣՂन੾ڷƁܰୖ୴ ఊ຀ƣƴƠۆୖƊǁǀƈƝƤഖࢗൌƜŷǀƝܯŽ Ɣ§ƒƈƜ¦Ղࡑƣব֙भ׿ƝՂन੾ڷƣ੯ງড LJܯ໐ƌ¦Ղࡑƣܟ੔ƣতືLJࠌƴƔ§ƳƏ๷೛ ଠݺƠſŹƛՂनব֙तศƣࡹ࢒ƁܶDŽǁƔ§ƒ ƌƛ¦ƈƣ๷೛ଠݺƝড়ܶڪאƀƾ 86 ڕƣՂनব ֙तศLJࡹ࢒ƌ¦KJ ඟƠƽǀൌ໸LJܶƘƔ§ڑҜ ƀƾ¦Ղࡑব֙भ׿Ƥ¦೓љ࣏Îe.g., ŹǂŹǂƟ ƈƝƁŻƳƄŹƀƟƄƛీLjƜŹƔƝƂƠ¦๡ॣ Ɓ਼૚ƠƣƘƛƄǁƔ§Ï¦੓ൊࡱ໦Îe.g., ࠧൌƁ ҏ֎ƟƄÚिƮƛƴƔŹÛƝۄƘƔſஃƣǙÀǕ LJ¦ඌड़Ɓࠝƣతૃƌƛ౩ƘƛƂƛƄǁƔ§Ï¦भ આ܇ஈÎex. ગНƹරഹƜӞƠࢪƾǁƟŹతƁҏత ƀ੣ŹƔƁ¦ঊత۩Ơ஁֎Ɓ໡ƄƟƿ¦ӞࢪƁҔ ృƠƟƘƔ§Ï¦ൟҊÎe.g., ׃తƣଗุӾƶǀƝƝ ƛƷ஁֎ƁƽƄ¦਽ƣӞƀƾƤࣦଧƣƊŽƏƿƁ ൙ƈŽƛƂƔ§Ï¦੮ࡐഫૂÎe.g., Ԇব຋׮௙ڪא ࠸Ɯગ໤ƠƔƳƘƔǜȇLJ¦੮ƣॣƁЀॣƜࡊƛ ƠܶƘƔ§ÏƣĽ࡫໸Ơൌ໸ƊǁƔ§ƊƾƠ¦ේଠ ݺƠſŹƛƈǁƾƣՂࡑব֙भ׿բƣՂन੾ڷƣ ఊ຀ƹ׷ƊƠƙŹƛڥௌƌƔ§ڑҜƀƾ¦Ľƙƣ Ղࡑব֙भ׿ƣ૴ƜՂࡑƁবƍƹƎŹƣƤ¦੮ࡐ ƀƾ߷љLJࡱƆǀ¦೓љ࣏Ɲ੓ൊࡱ໦भ׿ƜŷƘ Ɣ§ғŽƛ¦ՂࡑƣՂन੾ڷƣ࡫໸ƠƤ¦෼੝Ղ Ɲ॓ƌ๑ƟƊƁŷǀƈƝƁผƾƀƠƟƘƔ§ƈƣ ƽŻƠՂࡑƁব֙Ǝǀभ׿Ʒ¦ƒǁƾƣभ׿Ơſ ƆǀՂन੾ڷƣ࡫໸Ʒງ½ƜŷǀƈƝƁผƾƀƠ Ɗǁƛſƿ¦ՂࡑƁ೗धƠൃ߆ƟӣశƜŷǀƈƝ LJࠤƌƛŹǀ§

¥ƝƈǂƜ¦Wood, Joseph, & Maltby (2008) Ƥ¦Ղ ࡑLJՂƍƹƎŹডӸ௫ডƝ well-being ƠƤ׷Źդٞ Ɓŷƿ¦తݢƀƾՂࡑƣశLJකƂƹƎŹডӸƣॣ Ƥ¦ॣবƣ෼੝ணƁ݄ŹƝƌƛŹǀ§ƊƾƠ¦Ղ ࡑƤ¦҉ƀƊ¦ࡎ۶ড¦ȅǠǮNjǾՂन¦ǒÀǿ țªNJǗǟȏț¦ॄ຤¦κ੮ড¦๟ƌƊƝŹƘƔ¦ well-beingƹࡎӁ୴֋ృƠƷդ༘ƣ॒Ź௫ডƝ׷Ƅ դٞƌƛŹǀƈƝƁࠤƊǁ¦ՂࡑƁࡎӁ୴Ɵ੖ศ ƣ׷Źড࠽LJࠛƙƈƝƷࠤƊǁƔ§ ¥ਂࢬƣƽŻƠ¦ՂࡑƌƹƎŹॣƤॣবƣ෼੝ண Ɓ݄ŹƈƝƁผƾƀƠƊǁƛŹǀƁ¦ࠧಓ୴ƟՂ ࡑƜƤƟƄ¦ॣ½ƠՂࡑƣ֎ࠛƖLJ੕ƎࠌƴLJƎ ǀƈƝƠƽƘƛ¦ॣ½ƣ෼੝ணLJ݄ƶǀƈƝƤҔ ృƟƣƕǂŻƀ§Emmons & McCullough (2003) Ƥ¦ ॣবƣ෼੝ՂLJ݄ƶǀࠌƴƝƌƛ¦ॣ½ƠՂࡑƣ ֎ࠛƖLJࠛƙƽŻௗƂƀƆǀӀదLJܶƘƔ§࠾ڷװ ໧ࡐLJ¦త½ƣ߆຋LJ֗ࢬƊƐǀ٘Î߆຋٘ϦՂ ࡑƌƔࢪຢࠔLJ֗ࢬƊƐǀ٘ÎՂࡑ٘ϦdzȍÀǰ ȑȓƟࢪຢࠔLJ֗ࢬƊƐǀ٘Îࢪຢࠔ٘ÏƣĻƙƠ ൌƆ¦Ĺ࢏բƉƝƠұטLJौƿ൶Ƙƛ֗ޜƊƐƔ§ ƈƣӀదLJŁ࢏բٷ੣ƌ¦Ļ٘ƣॣবƣ෼੝ணƣ ୤ணLJೊԁƌƛŹǀ§ڑҜƀƾ¦ՂࡑƌƔࢪຢࠔ LJ֗ࢬƊƐƔ٘Ɓ¦߆຋٘Ɲࢪຢࠔ٘ƠೊƮ¦ॣ বƣ෼੝ணƁ݄Ƅ¦ࣥຢƣ๷ੜƷԈ՝୴ƜŷƘƔ§ ƊƾƠՂࡑ٘Ƥ¦߆຋٘Ɲࢪຢࠔ٘ƠೊƮ¦फ़੾ ƣژܑभઆƷഖଠƁࣧƟŹƈƝƁผƾƀƠƊǁƔ§ ƈƣƽŻƠ࠾ڷࡐƀƾ੕ƊǁƔՂࡑƌƔࢪຢࠔƣ ֗ࢬƠƽƘƛ¦ॣবƣ෼੝ணƁ݄ƳƿژܑभઆƳ ƜƷƁи؉LJࡱƆǀƈƝƁผƾƀƠƊǁƛŹǀ§ ¥ՂࡑƁॣবƣ෼੝ՂLJ݄ƶǀƈƝƤড়ƠࢬƮƛ ƂƔƁ¦੮ࡐƭƣड़ৎƁड़ৎܶ௘LJܶƘƔࡐƣ܎ു ՂLJ݄ƶǀƈƝƷ߶୰Ɗǁƛſƿ¦໖ࡐƣդ༘Ʒڥ ௌƊǁƛŹǀ§Otake, Shimai, Tanaka-Matsumi, Otsui, & Fredrickson (2006) ƤڪאĹƠſŹƛ¦ࡣ՝୴܎ ുՂƁ݄ŹગԆবƤ¦తݢƀƾ੮ࡐƠड़ৎƠƌƔ ŹƝŹŻ௘֋ƚƆƁ݄Ƅ¦࠾ޝƠĹతƠܶƘƔड़ ৎܶ௘ƣঊƷ੯ŹƈƝLJผƾƀƠƌƔ§ƈƣڑҜ LJࡱƆƛ¦ڪאĺƜƤ¦ड़ৎܶ௘LJ੕ƎƈƝƠƽ Ƙƛࡣ՝୴܎ുՂƷ݄ƳǀƣƜƤƟŹƀƝŹŻ๷ ੜLJແƛ¦ગԆবƠĹ࢏բƣड़ৎܶ௘LJƊƐǀӀ దLJ࠾ߺƌƔ§ƒƣڑҜ¦Ӏదƣਂ۩Ɯड़ৎ٘Ƥ ேঝ٘ƠೊƮƛࡣ՝୴܎ുՂƁ݄ƳǀƈƝLJผƾ ƀƠƌƔ§௫Ơࡣ՝୴܎ുՂƁ݄ƳƘƔગԆবƤ¦ “վƌŹªՂࡑƌƔ ” ƝŹŻՂनLJ׷ƄٶڷƌƛŹ Ɣ§ड़ৎܶ௘LJƎǀƈƝƠƽƿ¦վƌƊƹՂࡑƁব ƍƛſƿ¦ड़ৎƝՂࡑƁդ༘ƌƛŹǀƈƝƁࠤƊ ǁƛŹǀ§ƈǁƾƣڑҜLJ¦Otake et al. (2006) Ƥड़ ৎܶ௘Ɓ੮ࡐƝƣȅǠǮNjǾƟ਼ۣޮ຋LJ੕ॠƌ¦ ȅǠǮNjǾƟՂनLJবƍƊƐƔƈƝƠƽƿ¦ड़ৎ ٘ƣࡣ՝୴܎ുՂƁ݄ƳƘƔƝƌƛŹǀ§ ¥ƈƣƽŻƠ Otake et al. (2006) Ƥ¦ड़ৎܶ௘ƣӀ దLJܶŹ¦ड़ৎܶ௘ƁՂࡑƣ֎ࠛƖLJٶڷƊƐƹ ƎƄƌƛŹǀƈƝLJࠤƌƔ§ƒǁƜƤ¦ಣ઀ƠՂ ࡑܶ௘Ɓड़ৎܶ௘ƭƣ௘֋ƚƆLJ݄ƶƔƿ¦࠾ޝ

¥ƒƈƜ¦ේڪאƜƤड़ৎƠƊǁƔƈƝƭƣՂࡑ ƣ ೿ ผ LJ ॊ Ɓ Ɔ Ɗ Ɛ ǀ Ӏ ద Ɲ¦Otake et al. (2006) Ɲ௙ງƣड़ৎܶ௘LJॊƁƆƊƐǀӀదƝLJƒǁƓ ǁ࠾ߺƌ¦ड़ৎܶ௘ƭƣ௘֋ƚƆƹ࠾ޝƣड़ৎܶ ௘ƣࢪہƁ൱ҍƎǀƀLJڥௌƌƔ§ƊƾƠĺƙƣ ӀదLJܶŻƈƝƠƽƘƛ¦ࡣ՝୴܎ുՂƣ݄Ƴƿ ƁگƾǁǀƀƞŻƀƷڥௌƌƔ§ड़ৎܶ௘ƁՂࡑ ƣ֎ࠛƖLJ݄ƶǀƈƝƤ Otake et al. (2006) ƜࠤƊ ǁƔƝſƿƜŷǀƁ¦Ղࡑܶ௘Ɓ੮ࡐƭƣड़ৎܶ ௘ƭƣ௘֋ƚƆLJ݄ƶ¦ड़ৎܶ௘LJবƍƊƐǀƀ ƞŻƀƷڥௌƎǀ§ ¥ƝƈǂƜ¦੒мª೙܁ (2011a) Ƥ¦ՂࡑƁ੮ࡐƀ ƾƣପ৐୴߷љLJࡱƆǀभ׿ƠۆୖƊǁƟŹƝƌ ƛŹǀƁ¦ේڪאƜƤ௫ƠՂࡑƣ܂ࡎӁ୴੖ศLJ ࡤƿझƇǀƔƶ¦੮ࡐƀƾƣड़ৎƠՂࡑLJ೿ผƎ ǀत݉ƠۆୖƎǀ§ƳƔ Baskerville (2000) Ƥ¦૙ ডƠೊƮ࣑ডƤड़ৎƠ઀ƌƛƽƿȅǠǮNjǾƟಣ ѰLJࠤƎƈƝLJผƾƀƠƌƛŹǀ§ƒƈƜ¦ේڪ אƜƷ Otake et al. (2006) Ɲ௙ງƠ¦ƽƿӀదƣ۾ ҜƁবƍƹƎŹƝ๷ੜƊǁǀ࣑߰ԆবLJ࠾ڷװ໧ ࡐƝƌƔ§ ¥ 方 法  実験協力者¥Ղࡑ٘ 18 บ¦ड़ৎ٘ 35 บ¦ேঝ ٘ 29 บƣ 82 บƣ࣑߰ૉֈગԆবÎൟؙవ༈ 18.79 ސÏLJ࠾ڷװ໧ࡐƝƌƔ§  実験計画¥ӀదÎՂࡑ٘¦ड़ৎ٘¦ேঝ٘Ï× ଠ ݺࠜֈÎӀదਂ¦Ӏద۩ÏƣĺຑЌٽҸƜŷƘƔ§ ઘĹຑЌƤװ໧ࡐբຑЌ¦ઘĺຑЌƤװ໧ࡐఊຑ ЌƜŷƘƔ§  手続き¥ӀదਂƠࡣ՝୴܎ുՂƣੜୖLJܶƘƔ§ ƒƣ۩¦࠾ڷװ໧ࡐƠƤՂࡑ٘¦ड़ৎ٘¦ேঝ٘ ƣĻ٘ƠฑޮϭƠԒƿீƛ¦Ĺ࢏բƣӀదLJܶƘ Ɣ§Ӏదପ۩ƠվƌƀƘƔªՂࡑƌƔٶڷƣഀୖ LJܶŹ¦ĹȞڔ۩Ơކண¦ࡣ՝୴܎ുՂƣੜୖLJ ܶƘƔ§ع੾୴Ɵࡦ੣ƂƤϞҌƣସƿƜŷǀ§ ① ࡣ՝୴܎ുՂƝड़ৎܶ௘ƣ௘֋ƚƆƣੜୖÎӀ దਂÏ ¥¥ࡣ՝୴܎ുՂLJੜୖƎǀƔƶ¦ࡣ՝୴܎ുՂ ࡘணÎறϺƾ , 2004ÏLJߦ຋ƌƔ§Úਆರ୴Ơƴƛ¦ DŽƔƌƤࠧൌƣƈƝLJÎ¥¥¥ÏƜŷǀƝܯŽ ƛŹǀÛƟƞƣุ݂Ơ “ ೗धƠഖ܎ ” ƀƾ “ ೗ध Ơ܎ു ” ƟƞƣĿ૘ӚƜഀୖƊƐƔ§ ¥¥ƊƾƠड़ৎܶ௘ƣ௘֋ƚƆLJੜୖƎǀƔƶ¦ Otake et al.Î2006Ïƣĺุ݂LJඬ๑ƌƛߦ຋ƌƔ§ “ŷƟƔƤ¦ड़ৎܶ௘LJŹƙƷƌƔŹƝߵƘƛŹ ƳƎƀ­ ” ƣุ݂Ơ “ ƝƛƷƒŻߵŻ ” ƀƾ “ Ƴ ƘƔƄƒŻߵDŽƟŹ ” ƣĽ૘ӚƜഀୖLJ׋ƶƔ§ ƊƾƠ࠾ޝƠड़ৎܶ௘Ɓব֙ƌƔƀLJӼభƎǀ Ɣƶ¦“ ޲త¦ड़ৎܶ௘ƌƳƌƔƀ­ ” ƝŹŻ݂ ุƠ “ ƤŹ ” ƳƔƤ “ ŹŹŽ ” ƣƞƖƾƀƣৼઢ LJ׋ƶƔ§ƈǁƾƤࡴؐࠜբƣЀശLJߦ຋ƌ࢒ ૒Ɯ࠾ߺƌƔ§Ӄ௄ƠƤਆƛ REASÎȒNJȓǧnj Ȉഀґ߷љǟǡǮȈÏLJߦ຋ƌƔ§ƳƏ¦ଠݺ ƠӃ௄Ǝǀ web ȂÀǠƭƣ URL LJద໧Ǝǀ QR ǛÀDZLJ࠾ڷװ໧ࡐƠౡഝƌ¦ٮઃஏ༹ƣǓȉ ȑ֋ృƜ௱ƴࡤƘƛƷƾƘƔ§߶ୖƊǁƔ URL ƀƾNJțǙÀǰǝnjǰƠNJǗǣǡƌƛƷƾŹഀ ୖƣద໧Ɲ֗ࢬLJ׋ƶƔ§ ② Ĺ࢏բƣӀద ¥¥ड़ৎ٘ƝՂࡑ٘Ɲேঝ٘ƣĻ٘Ɓ৓ୖƊǁƔ§ Ղࡑ٘Ɲड़ৎ٘Ƥ¦੮ࡐƠௗƂƀƆǀƈƝLJ׋ƶ ƾǁƔ§Ղࡑ٘Ƥ¦ઽƀƀƾड़ৎƠƊǁƔࠜƠ “ ŷ ƿƁƝŻ ” Ɲ਼ࡦƠ஋ŽǀƈƝÎՂࡑܶ௘ÏLJ ׋ƶƔ§ड़ৎ٘ƤࠧൌƣࡺƿƣॣƁպƫƈƝÎड़ ৎܶ௘ÏLJƎǀƽŻ׋ƶƔ§ƈǁƾƣܶ௘ƤĹ࢏ բٷ੣ƌƛĹతĹӃϞझ࠾ߺƎǀƽŻ׽ࠤƌƔ§ ¥¥ƈƣĹ࢏բƤ¦Ĺతƣܶ௘LJࡼैਂƠौƿ൶ ƿ¦Ղࡑ٘ƤՂࡑܶ௘LJ¦ड़ৎ٘Ƥड़ৎܶ௘ƣ ࠾ߺӃঊLJ¦ٮઃஏ༹ƀƾNJțǙÀǰǝnjǰƠ Ơड़ৎܶ௘LJব֙ƊƐƹƎƄƌƔƿƎǀҔృডƤ

ŷǀƣƕǂŻƀ§Otake et al. (2006, Study 1) Ƥ܎ു ՂƁ݄ŹગԆবƤड़ৎƠƌƔŹƝŹŻ௘֋ƚƆƁ ݄ŹƈƝLJࠤƌƛŹǀ§ƳƔ¦ՂࡑƁॣব෼੝ணƝ ŹŻ܎ുՂLJ݄ƶǀƈƝLJ Emmons & McCullough (2003) ƤࠤƌƛŹǀ§ƈǁƾƣƈƝLJ݉DŽƐƛܯ ŽǀƝ¦Otake et al. (2006) Ƥड़ৎܶ௘Ɓ܎ുՂLJ ݄ƶǀƝƌƛŹƔƁ¦ƒǁƕƆƜƤƟƄ¦ՂࡑƁ ܎ുՂLJ݄ƶ¦ƧŹƛƤड़ৎܶ௘Ɓ੕ॠƊǁǀƝ ŹƘƔҔృডƷܯŽƾǁǀƣƜƤƟŹƀ§ƙƳƿ¦ Emmons & McCullough (2003) Ɯ ܶ DŽ ǁ Ɣ ƽ Ż Ơ¦ ՂࡑƌƔٶڷƣ֗ࢬLJ׋ƶǀƈƝƠғŽ¦ड़ৎLJ ࡱƆƔପ۩ƠՂࡑLJÌŷƿƁƝŻÍ ƝŹƘƔۄຏ ƹઆணƜ೿ผƎǀƽŻƠ੕ƎƝ¦੮ࡐƀƾƣड़ৎ ܶ௘ƠƽƿૻϩLJ܂ƆǀƽŻƠƟǀƈƝƁֈ઄Ɗ ǁǀ§ƒƣƈƝƤ¦੮ࡐƠड़ৎƠƊǁǀࠧൌLJ܎ ുƝՂƍǀƝƝƷƠ¦ड़ৎܶ௘ƠƽƘƛ൶ඓƎǀ ௘֋ƚƆLJ݄ƶǀƀƷƌǁƟŹ§

NJǗǣǡƊƐƛద໧ƊƐƔ§ƊƾƠƒƣతƣܶ ௘ƣ૴Ɯ¦Ղࡑ٘Ƥ “ ࠧൌƁއƷպLjƕࠔൡƣఊ ຀ ” LJ¦ड़ৎ٘Ƥ “ ਼ࡦƁއƷպLjƕƝߵŻࠔൡ ƣఊ຀ ” ƣద໧LJ׋ƶƔ§ƒƌƛ¦਼ࡦƣಣѰ ƠƙŹƛ¦“ վƌƄՂƍƔ୤ண ” LJ “ ƝƛƷվƌ ƀƘƔ ” ƀƾ “ ਆƄվƌƄƟƀƘƔ ” ƣĽ૘Ӛഀ ୖƜӃ௄ƊƐƔ§Ɵſ¦ேঝ٘ƤՂࡑ٘ƹड़ৎ ٘ƁܶŻƽŻƟ੮ࡐƭƣௗƂƀƆLJ׋ƶƟŹƁ¦ ੮ƣĺ٘Ɲ௙ƍƽŻƠత½LJौƿ൶ǀޮؐƤٶ ڷƊƐǀ೮ຑƁŷƘƔƔƶ¦“ ࠧൌƁއƷЉकƠ ߢƘƛŹǀƝߵŻࠔൡ ” ƣద໧LJ׋ƶƔ§Ļ٘ ƣ׽ࠤƤϞҌƣସƿƜŷǀ§ ¥ ÞՂࡑܶ௘ÎՂࡑ٘Ïß ¥ƈǁƀƾЀ࢏բ¦ĹతĹӃϞझ¦ࠧൌƣࡺƿƣ ॣƠÚŷƿƁƝŻÛƝۄƘƛÎՂࡑܶ௘ÏLJƌƛ ҌƊŹ§ƞLjƟƊƊŹƟƈƝƜƷڑܟƜƎƀƾ¦ Ҙ੢ƹ๡ॣƣड़ৎƠÚŷƿƁƝŻÛƝ஋ŽƛƄƕ ƊŹ§ƒƌƛैǀਂƠٮઃஏ༹ƀƾƈƣǝnjǰƠ NJǗǣǡƌ¦ϞҌƣ࠽เƠ௄ŽƛҌƊŹ§ 1 ݣతĹతƠܶƘƔՂࡑܶ௘ÎÚŷƿƁƝŻÛÏ ƣঊƤ­ 2 ݣతĹతƜŷƟƔƁࡱƆƔड़ৎܶ௘ƣ૴Ɯ¦ ŷƟƔƁއƷվƌƀƘƔࠔൡƣఊ຀LJՖિ Ơ֗దƌƛҌƊŹ§ 3 ƒƣࠜƣ਼ࡦƣड़ৎܶ௘LJ¦ŷƟƔƤƞǁ ƄƾŹվƌƄՂƍƳƌƔƀ­ Þड़ৎܶ௘Îड़ৎ٘Ïß ¥ƈǁƀƾЀ࢏բ¦ĹతĹӃϞझ¦ࠧൌƣࡺƿ ƣॣƁպƫƈƝÎड़ৎܶ௘ÏLJƌƛҌƊŹ§ƞ LjƟƊƊŹƟƈƝƜƷڑܟƜƎƣƜ¦Ҙ੢ƹ๡ ॣƠड़ৎƠƌƛҌƊŹ§ƒƌƛैǀਂƠٮઃஏ ༹ƀƾƈƣǝnjǰƠNJǗǣǡƌ¦ϞҌƣ࠽เƠ ௄ŽƛҌƊŹ§ 1 ݣతĹతƠܶƘƔड़ৎܶ௘ƣঊƤ­ 2 ݣతĹతƠܶƘƔड़ৎܶ௘ƣ૴Ɯ¦਼ࡦƁ އƷպLjƕƝߵŻࠔൡƣఊ຀Ɲ¦ƒƣࠜƣ ਼ࡦƣಣѰLJՖિƠ֗దƌƛҌƊŹ§ 3 ƒƣࠜƣ਼ࡦƣಣѰLJ¦ŷƟƔƤƞǁƄƾ ŹվƌƄՂƍƳƌƔƀ­ ÞЉक୴ࢪຢࠔÎேঝ٘Ïß ¥ƈǁƀƾЀ࢏բ¦ैǀਂƠٮઃஏ༹ƀƾƈƣ ǝnjǰƠNJǗǣǡƌ¦ϞҌƣ࠽เƠ௄ŽƛҌƊ Ź§ݣతĹతƣࢪຢࠔƣ૴Ɯ¦އƷЉकƠߢƘ ƛŹǀࠔൡƣఊ຀LJՖિƠ֗దƌƛҌƊŹ§ ③ վƌƀƘƔªՂࡑƌƔٶڷƣഀୖ ¥Ӏదֈբࢄ໓ପ۩¦“ ࠧൌƁࡺƿƀƾƌƛƷƾ ƘƛվƌƀƘƔªՂࡑƌƔƈƝƁƞƣƄƾŹŷ ƿƳƌƔƀ­ ” ƠƙŹƛ “ ਆƄƟƀƘƔ ” ƀƾ “ Ɲ ƛƷƔƄƊLjŷƘƔ ” ƣĽ૘ӚƜഀୖLJ׋ƶƔ§ ④ ࡣ՝୴܎ുՂƝड़ৎܶ௘ƣ௘֋ƚƆƣੜୖÎӀ ద۩Ï ¥ӀదƀƾĹǓڔ۩¦ӀదਂƠ࠾ߺƌƔƣƝ௙ ງƣ¦ࡣ՝୴܎ുՂࡘணÎறϺƾ , 2004ÏLJ࠾ߺ ƌƔ§ƳƔड़ৎܶ௘ƣ௘֋ƚƆLJੜୖƎǀƔƶ Ɲ¦࠾ޝƠड़ৎܶ௘Ɓব֙ƌƔƀLJӼభƎǀƔ ƶ¦Otake et al.(2006) ƣĺุ݂LJߦ຋ƌƔ§ 結 果 ¥親切行動の動機づけの変化¥ड़ৎܶ௘ƣ௘֋ƚ ƆƠƙŹƛ¦Ӏదਂ۩ĹȞڔƣƒǁƓǁƣൟؙ૛ LJ Table 1 Ơ ࠤ ƌ Ɣ§ Ӏ దÎ Ղ ࡑ ٘¦ ड़ ৎ ٘¦ ே ঝ٘Ï× ଠݺࠜֈÎӀదਂ¦Ӏద۩ÏƣĺຑЌൌ ߔൌৃLJܶƘƔƝƈǂ۶ۣޮ຋Ɓ๧ϩƜŷƘƔ ÎF(2,79)=3.27, p < .05)§ӀదपڕƉƝƣિࢽࡣ۾Ҝ LJ׋ƶƔƝƈǂ¦Ղࡑ٘ƣड़ৎܶ௘ƣ௘֋ƚƆƁ Ӏద۩Ơ๧ϩƠ݄ƀƘƔÎF(1,79)=7.63, p < .01)§ड़ ৎ٘Ɲேঝ٘ƠƤӀదਂ۩ƣ 1 ȞڔƜड़ৎܶ௘ƭ ƣ௘֋ƚƆƣ൱ҍƤభƶƾǁƟƀƘƔ§ƈƣƈƝ ƀƾ¦ՂࡑLJ೿ผƎǀƈƝƁ¦੮ࡐƠड़ৎƠƌƔ ŹƝŹŻ֎ࠛƖLJ݄ƶƛŹǀƈƝƁӼభƊǁƔ§ ¥親切行動の出現の変化¥Ӏదƣਂ۩Ĺ ڔƠ¦ Ú޲త¦ड़ৎܶ௘ƌƳƌƔƀ­ÛƣเŹƠ “ ƤŹ ” ƀ “ ŹŹŽ ” ƜӃ௄LJ׋ƶƔ§Table 2 Ơड़ৎܶ௘Ɓ

Ӏదƣਂ۩Ɯ൱ҍƌƔॣঊLJࠤƌƔ§ఛ݂ڥୖƣ ڑҜƀƾ¦ड़ৎ٘ƣड़ৎܶ௘ƁӀద۩Ơ๧ϩƠ੏ ŽƛŹǀƈƝƁӼభƊǁƔÎp < .01)§ड़ৎ٘Ƥ¦ड़ ৎܶ௘ƭƣ௘֋ƚƆƤӀదƣਂ۩Ɯ൱ҍƌƛŹƟ ŹƁ¦ܶ௘ศƠſŹƛƤ¦ड़ৎܶ௘Ɓ੏ғƌƛŹ ǀƈƝƁࠤƊǁƔ§ ¥主観的幸福感の変化¥Ӏదƣਂ۩Ĺ ڔƣࡣ՝ ୴܎ുՂƣൟؙ૛LJ Table 3 ƠࠤƌƔ§Ӏద × ଠݺ ࠜֈƣĺຑЌൌߔൌৃLJܶƘƔƝƈǂ¦ࡣ۾Ҝ¦ ۶ۣޮ຋ƝƷƠ๧ϩƜƤƟƀƘƔ§ ¥感謝行動と親切行動の１日の出現数¥Ӏద૴ƣ Ĺతƣड़ৎ٘ƣड़ৎܶ௘Ƥൟؙ 2.77 ӃÎSD=1.58Ï Ɯŷƿ¦Ղࡑ٘ƣՂࡑܶ௘Ƥൟؙ 4.67 ӃÎSD=2.80Ï ƜŷƘƔ§t ڥୖÎ໖੖ÏƣڑҜ¦Ղࡑܶ௘Ɓड़ৎ ܶ௘ƽƿĹతƣൟؙࢪہঊƁ੯ŹƈƝƁࠤƊǁƔ§ ¥介入中の嬉しかった経験¥ൟؙ૛Ƥ¦Ղࡑ٘Ɓ 4.59ÎSD=0.42Ϧड़ৎ٘Ɓ 4.09ÎSD=0.76ÏƜŷƘ Ɣ§ĹຑЌൌߔൌৃƣڑҜ¦Ղࡑ٘Ɓड़ৎ٘ƽƿ ๧ϩƠվƌƀƘƔٶڷƣ୤ணƁ݄ŹƈƝƁࠤƊǁ ƔÎF(1,51)=6.49, p < .05)§ ¥介入直後の嬉しかった・感謝した経験¥ൟؙ ૛ Ƥ¦ Ղ ࡑ ٘ Ɓ 4.61ÎSD=0.49Ϧ ड़ ৎ ٘ Ɓ 4.29 ÎSD=0.61Ϧேঝ٘Ɓ 3.66ÎSD=0.99ÏƜŷƘƔ§Ӏ దÎՂࡑ٘¦ड़ৎ٘¦ேঝ٘ÏƣĹຑЌൌߔൌৃ LJܶƘƔƝƈǂࡣ۾ҜƁ๧ϩƜŷƿÎF(2,79)=9.93, p < .01) ¦HSD ඟƠƽǀ੯࢟ೊԁƣڑҜ¦Ղࡑ٘Ɲ ड़ৎ٘Ɓேঝ٘ƽƿվƌƀƘƔªՂࡑƌƔٶڷƁ ੯ƀƘƔ (MSe=0.58, < .01)§Ղࡑ٘Ɲड़ৎ٘ƤӀ దପ۩ƠƤվƌƊƹՂࡑLJՂƍƛſƿ¦Otake et al. (2006)Ɲ௙ງƠේڪאƜƷ¦ड़ৎܶ௘LJƎǀƈƝ ƠƽƘƛ¦վƌƊƹՂࡑLJƽƿٶڷƌƛŹǀƈƝ ƁࠤƊǁƔ§ƳƔේڪאƜƤ¦Ղࡑܶ௘LJƎǀƈ ƝƁ¦վƌƊƹՂࡑLJƽƿ੯ƄٶڷƊƐǀƈƝƷ ࠤƊǁƔ§ 考 察 ¥ේڪאƜƤ Otake et al. (2006) Ɲ௙ງƣड़ৎܶ௘ LJॊƁƆƊƐǀӀదƝ¦ड़ৎƠƊǁƔƈƝƭƣՂ ࡑƣ೿ผLJॊƁƆƊƐǀӀదLJƒǁƓǁ࠾ߺƌ¦ ड़ৎܶ௘ƭƣ௘֋ƚƆƹ࠾ޝƣड़ৎܶ௘ƣࢪہƁ ൱ҍƎǀƀLJڥௌƌƔ§ƊƾƠƈǁƾĺƙƣӀద LJܶŻƈƝƠƽƘƛ¦ࡣ՝୴܎ുՂƣ݄ƳƿƁگ ƾǁǀƀƞŻƀƷڥௌƌƔ§Otake et al. (2006) Ɯࠤ ƊǁƔ¦ड़ৎܶ௘ƁՂࡑƣ֎ࠛƖƹࡣ՝୴܎ുՂ LJ݄ƶǀƝŹŻդٞƣЀರডLJӼభƎǀƕƆƜƤ ƟƄ¦Ղࡑܶ௘Ɓ੮ࡐƭƣड़ৎܶ௘ƭƣ௘֋ƚƆ LJ݄ƶ¦ड़ৎܶ௘LJবƍƊƐǀƀƞŻƀLJӼభƎ ǀƈƝƁุ୴ƜŷƘƔ§ ¥Otake et al. (2006) Ƥ¦ગԆবƠ੮ࡐƠड़ৎܶ௘ LJƊƐǀӀదLJЀ࢏բܶŹ¦ड़ৎܶ௘LJ࠾ܶƎǀ ƈƝƠƽƘƛ¦վƌƊƹՂࡑƣ֎ࠛƖLJٶڷƌƛ ŹǀƈƝLJผƾƀƠƌƔ§Ѐඝ¦ේڪאƜƤ¦Ղ ࡑLJ೿ผƎǀܶ௘Ɓ¦੮ࡐƠड़ৎƠƌƔŹƝŹŻ ֎ࠛƖLJ݄ƶƛŹǀƈƝLJผƾƀƠƌƔ§ƈƣƈ Ɲƀƾ¦ड़ৎܶ௘Ɓ¦վƌƀƘƔªՂࡑƌƔƝŹ Ż֎ࠛƖLJࠛƔƐǀƝŹŻ¦ड़ৎܶ௘ƀƾՂࡑƭ ƣи؉Ɲ¦Ղࡑܶ௘Ɓड़ৎܶ௘ƭƣ௘֋ƚƆLJ݄ ƶǀƝŹŻ¦Ղࡑܶ௘ƀƾड़ৎܶ௘ƭƣਢඝƣи ؉ƁӼభƊǁƔƝۄŽǀ§ƈƣƽŻƠՂࡑƝड़ৎ Ƥ਼ۣƠи؉ƌŷŹ¦ࢵՐƎǀƈƝƠƽƘƛ¦ॣ½ ƣ܂ࡎӁ୴Ɵభ૜ƹܶ௘LJ੕ॠƌƛŹǀҔృডƁ ŷǀ§ ¥Ղࡑܶ௘Ɓड़ৎܶ௘ƭƣ௘֋ƚƆLJ݄ƶǀື๭ ƠƙŹƛƤ¦ȅǠǮNjǾ֎ൌƣи؉ƁܯŽƾǁǀ§ ࢘ຢƣڪאƠſŹƛ¦ȅǠǮNjǾ֎ൌƤЀ՟ƌƛ љ࣏ܶ௘LJ੕ॠƎǀƈƝƁࠤƊǁƛŹǀ (Rosenhan, Salovey, Karylowski, & Hargis, 1981)§ື๭ƤȅǠǮNj Ǿ֎ൌƁԾગƊLJ੏ƌƔƿ¦љ࣏LJ૕ǀƈƝƜǵ ǔǮNjǾ֎ൌLJবƍƊƐƔƄƟŹƀƾƕƝܯŽƾ ǁƛŹǀ§ේڪאƠſŹƛƷ¦Ղࡑܶ௘Ɓड़ৎܶ ௘ƣӀదLJܶŻƈƝƠƽƘƛ¦ேঝ٘ƽƿӀదପ ۩ƣՂࡑƝվƌƊLJ݄ƶǀƈƝƁƜƂƔ§ƈǁƾ ƣȅǠǮNjǾ֎ൌƁ¦ƊƾƟǀљ࣏ܶ௘ƹड़ৎܶ ௘LJ੕ॠƊƐƔҔృডƤܯŽƾǁǀ§ ¥ةవ¦ȅǠǮNjǾ֎ൌƣࡎӁ୴Ɵ֋ృƁૻุ Ɗ ǁ ƛ Ź ǀ§ ໻ Ž ƥ¦Fredrickson (1998, 2001) ¦ Fredrickson & Branigan (2005) ƣ Ӷ ଑ − ٧ ঢ ື ༶ Îbroaden-build theoryÏƤ¦ȅǠǮNjǾ֎ൌƣ֋ృƝ ƌƛ¦ȅǠǮNjǾ֎ൌƣٶڷ¦ߵܯ − ܶ௘ȔǹÀ

ৎLJࡱƆƔƈƝƜবƍǀǵǔǮNjǾ֎ൌƁ¦ड़ৎ ܶ௘ƭƣ௘֋ƚƆLJ੕ॠƌƔƝƤܯŽƠƄŹƕǂ Ż§Ƶƌǂ¦ȅǠǮNjǾ֎ൌƁड़ৎܶ௘ƭƣ௘֋ ƚƆLJ݄ƶƔҔృডƁ݄Ź§ ¥ƳƔේڪאƜƤ¦ड़ৎܶ௘ƣӀదLJܶŻƈƝ ƠƽƘƛ¦ड़ৎܶ௘LJ࠾ܶƌƔॣঊƁ੏ŽǀƈƝ LJӼభƌƔ§ƌƀƌ¦ड़ৎ٘ƣड़ৎܶ௘ƭƣ௘֋ ƚƆƤ¦Ӏదƣਂ۩ 1 ȞڔƜ൱ҍƁگƾǁƟƀƘ Ɣ§ƈǁƠƙŹƛƤĺƙື๭ƁܯŽƾǁǀ§Ĺƙ Ƥ¦ӀదࠜֈƠ࠾ܶƌƔड़ৎܶ௘Ɓ¦ŷƔƿƳŽ ƣܶ௘ƝƌƛࢆՃҍƌƔҔృডƜŷǀ§ࢆՃҍƌ ƔƔƶ¦ड़ৎܶ௘Ɓ௫൬Ɵܶ௘Ɲƌƛਗ਼ŽƾǁƏ¦ ௘֋ƚƆƣ݄ƳƿƝƌƛƤ೿ǁƟƀƘƔƣƜƤƟ ŹƕǂŻƀ§ĺƙุƤ¦ड़ৎܶ௘Ƥ¦ड़ৎܶ௘LJ ƌƔŹƝŹŻ௘֋ƚƆƠƤ¦ପ৐୴ƠƤڑƨƙƂ ƠƄŹƝŹŻҔృডƜŷǀ§ड़ৎ٘ƜƤड़ৎܶ௘ ƣ௘֋ƚƆƤ݄ƳƾƟƀƘƔƁ¦Ղࡑ٘ƜƤ௘֋ ƚƆƣ݄ƳƿƁƴƾǁƔ§Ӏదֈբ૴ƣվƌƊƁ¦ Ղࡑ٘Ƥड़ৎ٘ƽƿ݄ƀƘƔƈƝƀƾƷ¦Ղࡑ٘ Ƥ੮ࡐƀƾƣड़ৎƠվƌƊLJՂƍǀƈƝƁƜƂƔ ƣƕƝܯŽƾǁǀ§ƌƀƌ¦ड़ৎ٘ƤՂࡑ٘ưƞ ƠƤ¦੮ࡐƀƾƣड़ৎƠ֎ƚƀƟƀƘƔƣƀƷƌ ǁƟŹ§ƒƣƔƶ¦੮ࡐƠड़ৎƠƌƽŻƝŹŻ௘ ֋ƚƆƁ݄ƳǀƳƜƠƤࠈƾƟƀƘƔҔృডƁŷ ǀ§ ¥ϞझƣƽŻƠ¦Ղࡑܶ௘Ɲड़ৎܶ௘ƣӀదƁ¦ ड़ৎܶ௘ƭƣ௘֋ƚƆƹܶ௘Ơи؉ƌ¦վƌƊƹ Ղࡑƣ֎ࠛƖLJ݄ƶǀƈƝƁේڪאƜࠤƊǁƔ§ ƌƀƌ¦ࡣ՝୴܎ുՂƠƙŹƛƤՂࡑܶ௘Ɲड़ৎ ܶ௘ƣӀదƣ۾ҜƤӼభƜƂƟƀƘƔ§ƈǁƠƙ ŹƛƤື๭ƁĺƙܯŽƾǁǀ§ĹƙƤࠧ຿ডƣเ ચƜŷǀ§Weinstein & Ryan (2010) Ƥ¦ࠧ຿୴Ɵ܂ ࡎӁ୴ܶ௘ƜƟƆǁƥ¦ܶϭƣ࠾ܶࡐƣ well-being Ơи؉LJׄƱƊƟŹƝࢬƮƛŹǀ§ේڪאƜƤ¦ ࠾ڷװ໧ࡐƣड़ৎܶ௘ƭƣࠧ຿ডƁഖࢗൌƕƘƔ ƣƀƷƌǁƟŹ§࠾ڷװ໧LJ׋ƶƔԆবƁ¦“ ࠾ڷ ƠߐғƊƐƾǁƔ ” ƟƞƝܯŽ੮຿୴Ơड़ৎܶ௘ LJܶƘƔҔృডƁܯŽƾǁǀ§ƷŻĹƙƣື๭Ƥ Ӏద۾Ҝƣٷ੣ࠜբƣเચƜŷǀ§ՂࡑƣӀదƣ ۾ҜƤଥֈբࠛ੣ƌƟŹƝŹŻڪאƁŷǀ§໻Ž ƥ¦Sheldon & Lyubomirsky (2006) Ƥ¦ՂࡑƎǀ٘ ƝƤ൬Ơ¦އ݄ƣࠧൌLJّƿ൶ƌਭ੎ƊƐǀӀద LJܶƘƔ§ڑҜƀƾ¦އࣃƣĺ࢏բƤ¦Ղࡑ٘Ɲ އ݄ƣࠧൌ٘Ƥ¦ܰୖ୴ՂनƁேঝ٘ƝೊƮƛ݄ ǰȒÀƣЀࠝ୴Ӷ଑¦ۈॣࠏڿƣٷ੣୴٧ঢ¦ॣ բƣƾƐLj୴൱ҍƝঢଥƣļƙƣ૘ӚLJਭୖƌƛ Źǀ§ƙƳƿ¦ȅǠǮNjǾ֎ൌLJٶڷƎǀƈƝƜ¦ ۈॣƣૻϩƹߵܯƁӞ੖Ơ܂Ɔƾǁ¦ӶગƊǁǀ§ ƒƌƛफ़੾୴¦૜୴¦ࡎӁ୴ƠƷࠏڿLJӻ௨ƜƂ ǀƽŻƠƟǀ§Ҷ½ƣభ૜ƹܶ௘ಳϣLJӶગƎǀ ȅǠǮNjǾ֎ൌƤ¦ࡎӁ୴ƠƷ܏Ƅ܎ുՂƹژܑ LJ੕ॠƎǀƈƝƁƜƂǀƝࢬƮƾǁƛŹǀ§ ¥ේڪאƜƤ¦੮ࡐƭƣՂࡑܶ௘Ɲड़ৎܶ௘Ơƽ ǀӀదƣĹȞڔ۩ƣࡣ՝୴܎ുՂƭƣи؉LJӼభ ƎǀƳƜƠƤࠈƾƟƀƘƔ§ƌƀƌ¦ƈǁƾƣӀ దƁӀద૴ƹӀదପ۩ƣ੮ࡐƭƣՂࡑƹվƌƊƣ ՂनLJ݄ƶ¦ड़ৎܶ௘ƭƣ௘֋ƚƆƹܶ௘ƣব֙ LJ݄ƶǀƈƝƤӼభƜƂƔ§ശൌ୴ƠƜƤŷǀƁ¦ Ӷ଑ − ٧ঢື༶Ɲ௙ງƠ¦܂ࡎӁ୴ܶ௘ƁȅǠǮNj Ǿ֎ൌLJবƍƊƐ¦ࡎӁ୴Ɵభ૜ƹܶ௘LJ੕ॠƎ ǀƈƝƁࠤƊǁƔƝۄŽǀ§ ¥ƌƀƌƟƁƾ¦੮ࡐƀƾƣљ࣏ƹड़ৎƤधƠŷ ƿƁƔŹDŽƆƜƤƟŹƈƝƷড়ܶڪאƠƽƘƛผ ƾƀƠƊǁƛŹǀ§ՂࡑƝƒƣࠜƣՂन੾ڷƠƙ Źƛ¦੒мª೙܁ (2011b) Ƥ¦೓љ࣏¦੓ൊࡱ໦¦ ੮ࡐഫૂ¦भઆ܇ஈ¦ൟҊƣĽ࡫໸ƣՂࡑব֙भ ׿Ɯ¦Ղࡑƣܰୖ୴¦೗ܰୖ୴ƒǁƓǁƣՂन੾ ڷƠׄƱƎи؉LJڥௌƌƔ§ƒƣڑҜ “ ੮ࡐƣǛǡ ǰ ” ƠդƌƛƤ¨੮ࡐƀƾ߷љLJࡱƆǀ೓љ࣏¦ ੓ൊࡱ໦¦੮ࡐഫૂƝŹƘƔ઀ॣ୴भ׿Ɯ “ ॓ƌ๑ ƟƊ ” LJ੕ॠƎǀƈƝ¦੓ൊࡱ໦ſƽƨ੮ࡐഫૂ भ׿Ɯ “ ෼੝Ղ ” LJຘঝƎǀƈƝƁࠤƊǁƔ§ƈƣ ƽŻƠ੓ൊLJƷƾƘƔƿ¦੮ࡐƠഫૂLJƀƆƔƿ ƎǀƽŻƟभ׿ƜƤ¦ƀŽƘƛǵǔǮNjǾƟՂन ƁবƍƛƌƳŻत݉Ʒŷǀ§ƈƣƽŻƟत݉ƠƤ¦ љ࣏ܶ௘ƹड़ৎܶ௘Ƥ੕ॠƊǁǀƕǂŻƀ§ ¥ǵǔǮNjǾ֎ൌƝљ࣏ܶ௘ƣդ༘ƠƙŹƛƤЀ ՟ƌƔڑҜƁ௨ƾǁƛŹƟŹ ( পॻ , 1993) §ƙƳ ƿљ࣏ࡐƣǵǔǮNjǾ֎ൌƤ¦љ࣏LJ੕ॠƎǀत ݉ƝຘঝƎǀत݉Ɓŷǀ§পॻ (1993) Ƥ¦ǵǔǮ NjǾ֎ൌƝљ࣏ܶ௘ƣդ༘ƠƙŹƛƣݓఊӞƣ 34 ڪאƣіƮ 59 ࠾ڷLJȉǧൌৃƌƔ§ڑҜƀƾ¦љ ࣏ܶ௘LJຘঝƎǀƣƤ¦੮ࡐƠ੫ӠLJ๹ŽǀƈƝ ƣƟŹ¦ࠧێƣృ໧ƠƙŹƛƣࠂ୴Ɵ࠶ౚࠔઆƜ ŷƘƔ§ಣ઀Ơ¦љ࣏ܶ௘LJ੕ॠƎǀƣƤ੮ࡐƠ ੫Ӡªพ༽LJ๹ŽƛƌƳŻƝŹŻ࠶ౚࠔઆƜŷƘ Ɣ§ƌƀƌේڪאƠդƌƛƤ¦Ղࡑܶ௘ƣӀదପ ۩ƠƤվƌƊƁ݄ƳƘƛŹǀƔƶ¦੮ࡐƀƾƣड़

ƳƘƔƁ¦ļ࢏բ۩ƠƤேঝ٘ƝƣբƠݹƁƟƀ ƘƔ§ƈƣƽŻƠՂࡑƣ܎ുՂƭƣ۾ҜƤೊԁ୴ ૉֈբƠƝƞƳƘƛŹǀ§Ӏదƣ۾ҜLJƽƿଥֈ բࠛ੣ƊƐǀƠƤ¦Ӏద۩Ʒ¦੮ࡐƀƾƣड़ৎƹ љ࣏ƠՂࡑƎǀƈƝLJ¦धƠϩ࠭ƌܶ௘ƌ੣Ɔǀ ೮ຑƁŷǀƣƀƷƌǁƟŹ§ේڪאƜƤӀదƀƾ Ĺ ڔ۩Ơ܎ുՂLJੜୖƌƔƁ¦ƽƿਲ਼ŹࠜֈƠ ࡣ՝୴܎ുՂLJੜୖƌƛſƆƥ¦Ӏదƣ۾ҜLJӼ భƎǀƈƝƁƜƂƔҔృডƁŷǀ§ ¥ϞҌƠݣ۩ƣҭચLJࢬƮǀ§ේڪאƜƤ¦Ղࡑ ܶ௘Ɲड़ৎܶ௘LJ൬ۈƠܶƘƔƁ¦࠾ޝƣবԖƣ ૴ƜƤ໖ඝƣܶ௘Ɓব֙ƌƛŹǀƤƏƜŷƿ¦ĺ ƙƣܶ௘LJ௙ࠜƠ੕ƎӀదLJܶƘƔत݉ƷڥௌƎ ǀ೮ຑƁŷǀ§ƳƔ¦ේڪאƜƤ¦૙ডƠೊƮ࣑ ডƤड़ৎƠ઀ƌƛƽƿȅǠǮNjǾƟಣѰLJࠤƎƈ Ɲƀƾ (Baskerville et al., 2000)¦ӀదƣڑҜƁ ƹƎ ŹƝ๷ੜƊǁƔ࣑߰ԆবƣƴLJ࠾ڷװ໧ࡐƝƌƔ§ ࣑ডƤ૙ডƠೊƮƛ੮ࡐƠՂࡑLJ೿ผƌƔƿ¦ड़ ৎƠौǀളƘƔƿƎǀƈƝƁ¦ড๎ԒƝƌƛ׋ƶ ƾǁƹƎŹƣƀƷƌǁƟŹ§ݣ۩Ƥ૙ডƠƙŹƛ Ʒ௙ງƣڥௌLJƌ¦ডݹLJଠƮǀƈƝƷ೮ຑƜŷ ǀƝܯŽǀ§ƊƾƠේڪאƜƤ¦ӴӀదƣਂ۩ 1 ȞڔƠſƆǀࡣ՝୴܎ുՂƣ݄ƳƿLJӼభƎǀƈ ƝƁƜƂƟƀƘƔ§ƈǁƤ Sheldon & Lyubomirsky (2006) ƁࠤƌƔƽŻƠ¦Ӏదƣ۾ҜƤࠛ੣ƌƠƄ ŹƈƝƁںЌƟƣƀƷƌǁƟŹ§ࡣ՝୴܎ുՂƣ ੜୖƁӀదପ۩ƜŷƘƔƟƾ¦Ӏదƣ۾ҜLJӼభ ƜƂƔƣƀଠƮǀƈƝƷ೮ຑƕǂŻ§

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4HE

-IZUHO

This study was to analyze how a counting intervention to prompt kindness behavior and a counting intervention to prompt gratitude behavior coming out in response to acts of kindness would affect motivation toward and generation of kindness behavior and increases in subjective happiness. 82 female junior college students cooperated to participate in the experiment, with 18 in the gratitude group, 35 in the kindness group, and 29 in the control group. The results showed that motivation of the gratitude group toward kindness behavior increased and the number of students in the kindness group who performed kindness behavior also increased. Immediately after the interventions students felt happier and more grateful in the intervention groups than in the control group. Therefore it was suggested that the interventions could have positively influenced motivation toward and generation of kindness behavior. No evidence, however, indicated that the interventions affected subjective happiness.