࿑௝࡮᳃ౕ࡮᥊ⷰ 㕖ᢥሼ⾗ᢱ߆ࠄੱ㘃ᢥൻࠍ⺒ߺ⸃ߊ

(1)

␹ᄹᎹᄢቇ ਎♿ %1' ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ ╙㧞࿁ ࿖㓙ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓ Kanagawa University 21^st Century COE Program

The 2^nd International Symposium

࿑௝࡮᳃ౕ࡮᥊ⷰ 㕖ᢥሼ⾗ᢱ߆ࠄੱ㘃ᢥൻࠍ⺒ߺ⸃ߊ

INTERPRETING HUMAN CULTURE THROUGH NONWRITTEN MATERIALS:

Perspectives on Illustrated Material, Folk Implements and Landscape

␹ᄹᎹᄢቇ ਎♿ %1' ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ⎇ⓥផㅴળ⼏

The Kanagawa University 21^st Century COE Program Center

(2)

Kanagawa University 21^st Century COE Program Conference Series, Bulletin No.4 The 2^nd International Symposium

INTERPRETING HUMAN CULTURE THROUGH NONWRITTEN MATERIALS:

Perspectives on Illustrated Material, Folk Implements and Landscape Edited by The 2^nd International Symposium Organizing Committee

Kanagawa University 21^st Century COE Program

Published by The Kanagawa University 21^st Century COE Program Center 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686 Japan

Tel 045-481-5661 Fax 045-491-0659 URL http://www.himoji.jp Printed by TOSHO Printing Co., Ltd.

March 31, 2007

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

⋡ ᰴ

⿰ ᣦ ␹ᄹᎹᄢቇ ਎♿ %1' ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ࿖㓙ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓታᣉᆔຬળ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ΧΥ

╙ ࿁࿖㓙ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓႎ๔ᦠߩೀⴕߦነߖߡ ࿖㓙ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓታᣉᆔຬળᆔຬ㐳 ᄢ㉿ ᶈ⑺ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ά 㐿 ળ ᜿ ᜦ ␹ᄹᎹᄢቇ㐳 ጊἫ ᱜೣ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx άΤ ਥ ௅ ⠪ ᜿ ᜦ ␹ᄹᎹᄢቇ ਎♿ %1' ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ᜚ὐ࡝࡯࠳࡯ ⑔↰ ࠕࠫࠝ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx άΦ

ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠬࠤࠫࡘ࡯࡞ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx άΨ ࡊࡠࡈࠖ࡯࡞ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx άά

࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦΣ 㕖ᢥሼ⾗ᢱࠍ߼ߋࠆᣇᴺ⺰⊛⻉໧㗴 ࡄࡀ࡝ࠬ࠻

࡝ࡘࠕ࡜ࡦ㧩ࡑ࡞ࠢ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

࠺ࠫ࠲࡞ੱ㘃ቇ㧙ࡃ࡯࠴ࡖ࡞࡮ࡒࡘ࡯ࠫࠕࡓߣߒߡߩࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻㧙

⊛႐ ᤘᒄ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 㕖ᢥሼ⾗ᢱߪ޿߆ߦ⹺⼂ߐࠇࠆ߆㧙⍮ⷡࠍ߼ߋࠆືቇ⊛⻉໧㗴㧙

ࠦࡔࡦ࠹࡯࠲࡯

ᯌᎹ ବᔘ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦΤ ࿑௝ߩߥ߆ߩ᥵ࠄߒߣᢥൻ̆ᣣᧄߣ᧲ࠕࠫࠕߩㄭ਎̆

ࡄࡀ࡝ࠬ࠻

⑔↰ ࠕࠫࠝ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

↢ᵴ⛗ᒁ✬➏ߩ਎⇇⊛ᗧ⟵

↰ፉ ૫਽ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ޡㄭ਎↢ᵴ⛗ᒁޢ૞ᚑߦะߌߡߩ⹜ߺ ̆࿯ደ෶ਃ㇢ޡㄘᬺ࿑⛗ޢࠍ㗴᧚ߦߒߡ̆

₺ ᱜ⪇ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ㄭ਎ਛ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ⧓ⴚߣㇺᏒᢥൻ ̆ㇺᏒ࿑߅ࠃ߮㑐ㅪߔࠆ⻉໧㗴̆

㊄⽵ᚒ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 㖧࿖࡮ᦺ㞲✬ߩ↢ᵴ⛗ᒁ✬➏ߣ࿑௝⾗ᢱ ̆ޟᐔფ⋙ม㙺ኃ࿑ޠࠍ଀ߦߒߡ̆

ࡕࠬ࠻࡯࡚ࠫࠪࡘࠕ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

࠻࡟࡯࠺ࡔ࡜࠾࡯ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦΥ ‬ߩᒻᘒᲧセ߆ࠄ᧲ࠕࠫࠕߩ᳃ᣖ⒖േߦㄼࠆ ࡄࡀ࡝ࠬ࠻

ᴡ㊁ ㅢ᣿ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦΥޟ‬ߩᒻᘒᲧセ߆ࠄ᧲ࠕࠫࠕߩ᳃ᣖ⒖േߦㄼࠆޠߩߨࠄ޿

ᷰㇱ ᱞ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ਛ࿖ߩવ⛔‬ߣߘߩᛛⴚ⒖ォ

㊄ శᒾ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 㖧࿖ߩ‬ߩᒻᘒߣ࿾ၞ⊛․ᓽ

ᴡ㊁ ㅢ᣿ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ᣣᧄߩ‬ߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆᦺ㞲♽࡮ਛ࿖♽ߣߘߩᷙⴊဳ

(7)

ਇ! ক!

␹ᄹᎹᄢቇ ਎♿ %1' ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ

࿖㓙ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓታᣉᆔຬળ

ੱ㘃ᢥൻ⎇ⓥߩߚ߼ߩᚻ߇߆ࠅߪޔᢥሼߦ⸥㍳ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߦߣߤ߹ࠄߥ޿ޕߘߩߎߣߦߨࠄ޿ࠍቯ߼ߚ␹

ᄹᎹᄢቇ ਎♿ %1' ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓޟੱ㘃ᢥൻ⎇ⓥߩߚ߼ߩ㕖ᢥሼ⾗ᢱߩ૕♽ൻޠߩขࠅ⚵ߺߪޔ੹ᐕߢ㧠ᐕ⋡

ࠍㄫ߃ޔߎࠇ߹ߢߩ౒ห⎇ⓥߩᚑᨐࠍ਎ߦ໧߁ߴߊ╙㧞࿁࿖㓙ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓࠍ㐿௅ߔࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚޕ ᤓᐕ㐿޿ߚ╙㧝࿁ߩࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓߢߪޔޟ㕖ᢥሼ⾗ᢱߣߪ૗߆ޠߣ޿߁࠹࡯ࡑߩ߽ߣޔ࿖ౝᄖߢ㕖ᢥሼ⾗ᢱ ߦ㑐ࠊࠆߐ߹ߑ߹ߥಽ㊁ߢవ㚟⊛⎇ⓥࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ⎇ⓥ⠪ࠍ᜗޿ߡޔߘߩ⃻⁁ࠍႎ๔ߒߡ޿ߚߛ߈ޔ⑳ߚߜ ߩ⎇ⓥߩ⿷႐ࠍ࿕߼ࠆ਄ߢᄢ޿ߦෳ⠨ߦߥߞߚޕߘߒߡ੹࿁ߪޔ࠹࡯ࡑࠍޟ࿑௝㨯᳃ౕ㨯᥊ⷰ 㕖ᢥሼ⾗ᢱ߆ ࠄੱ㘃ᢥൻࠍ⺒ߺ⸃ߊޠߣቯ߼ߡޔ⑳ߚߜߩࡔࡦࡃ࡯߇ߎࠇ߹ߢ౒ห⎇ⓥߒߡ߈ߚਛりࠍႎ๔ߒߡޔฦ૏ߩ ߏᛕ⹏ࠍઔߋߎߣߦߒߚޕ

ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓߪ㧠ߟߩ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߦಽߌޔ߹ߕޔ㕖ᢥሼ⾗ᢱࠍ߼ߋࠆᣇᴺ⺰ߦߟ޿ߡߩ໧㗴ឭ⿠ࠍⴕ޿ޔ

⛯޿ߡޔߘࠇߙࠇ࿑௝ޔ᳃ౕޔ᥊ⷰߦὶὐࠍᒰߡߡޔߘߎ߆ࠄ૗߇⺒ߺขࠇࠆߩ߆ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒޔߘࠇࠄߩ ႎ๔߿⸛⺰ࠍ〯߹߃ߡޔᦨᓟߦޔ㕖ᢥሼ⾗ᢱࠍ✚ว࡮⛔ว⊛ߦ૕♽ൻߔࠆᣇᴺߩ౒᦭ൻࠍ߼ߑߒߡޔ✚᜝⸛

⺰ࠍⴕ߁ޕ

ߎߩ࠹࡯ࡑߦ㑐ᔃࠍ߽ߟᄙߊߩ⼂⠪ߩෳടࠍᓧߡޔᣂߚߥੱ㘃ᢥൻ⎇ⓥߩน⢻ᕈࠍࠃࠅ⏕߆ߥ߽ߩߦߔࠆ ᯏળߣߒߚ޿ޕ

(11)

Message

The 2^nd International Symposium Organizing Committee Kanagawa University 21^st Century COE Program

A study of human culture covers a wide range of evidence that is not limited to written materials. This important factor is the focus of the Kanagawa University 21st Century COE Program’s “Systematization of Nonwritten Cultural Materials for the Study of Human Societies,” which has now entered its fourth year. We will hold our second international symposium to share with the public the results of our joint research efforts so far.

Last year we held our first international symposium on the theme of “What Are Nonwritten Cultural Materials?”

to which we invited researchers who have been pioneering in the study of nonwritten cultural materials in Japan and abroad. They presented reports on their recent studies, providing valuable information that served to establish a firm foothold for our research. We have chosen “Interpreting Human Culture through Nonwritten Materials:

Perspectives on Illustrated Material, Folk Implements and Landscape” as the theme of this year’s symposium, during which we plan to present the findings of our joint research up to date and invite comments from the participants.

The symposium will consist of four sessions. The first will focus on methodological issues involved in the study of nonwritten materials. The following sessions will focus on the three areas – illustrated material, folk implements and landscape – and will be aimed at what can be read from those nonwritten materials. The symposium will close with a discussion on how nonwritten materials can be systematized into a comprehensive, integrated form to be shared by all.

We hope to welcome many knowledgeable people who are interested in these studies and to make this opportunity to strengthen our belief in the potential of this new field in the study of human culture.

(12)

ల 3 ࣭ٝषΏϋεΐ;θ༭࣬੥͈ۏ࣐ͅܙ̵̀!

࿖㓙ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓታᣉᆔຬળ ᆔຬ㐳

ᄢ㉿ ᶈ⑺

␹ᄹᎹᄢቇ ਎♿ %1' ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ╙ ࿁࿖㓙ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓߪޔ෰ࠆ ᦬ ́ ᣣߩਔᣣ⋓ળߩ߁ߜߦ ή੐⚳ੌߔࠆߎߣ߇಴᧪ߚޕ੹࿁ߩࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓ߇⋡ᜰߒߚߩߪޔߎࠇ߹ߢ ᐕ૛ขࠅ⚵ࠎߢ߈ߚ⑳ߚߜߩ

౒ห⎇ⓥߩਛりࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߡޔᐢߊෳട⠪ߩᛕ⹏ࠍઔߋߎߣߦ޽ߞߚޕ࠹࡯ࡑࠍޟ㕖ᢥሼ⾗ᢱ߆ࠄੱ㘃ᢥ ൻࠍ⺒ߺ⸃ߊޠߣߒߚߩ߽ޔߘߩࠃ߁ߥᗧ᳇ㄟߺࠍ␜ߘ߁ߣߒߚ߽ߩߛߞߚޕ

ߟߩ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߦಽߌޔฦ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߩࠦ࡯࠺ࠖࡀ࡯࠲࡯ࠍਛᔃߦႎ๔ߩౝኈߣߘࠇߦ߰ߐࠊߒ޿ࡄࡀ

࡝ࠬ࠻ߣࠦࡔࡦ࠹࡯࠲࡯ߩੱㆬࠍ㐿ᆎߒߚߩߪ ᦬ߩߎߣߢޔᄙዋߩ౉ࠇᦧࠊࠅߪ޽ߞߚ߽ߩߩޔ ᦬ߦߪ 㗻߱ࠇ߇࿕߹ߞߡႎ๔ߩḰ஻߇ㅴ߼ࠄࠇࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚޕߘߒߡޔ ᦬ߦߪ⛯ޘႎ๔ේⓂ߇੐ോዪߦዯ߈ޔ ߘߩᣣᧄ⺆࡮㖧࿖⺆࡮ਛ࿖⺆ߪ⧷⺆ߦᄖ࿖⺆ߪᣣᧄ⺆ߦ⠡⸶ߐࠇߡޔ ᦬ඨ߫ߦߪࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓᒰᣣߦ㈩Ꮣ ߒߚ࡟ࠫࡘࡔ㓸ߩᒻࠍᢛ߃ࠆߎߣ߇಴᧪ߚޕ

෰ᐕߩ╙ ࿁ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓߩ⚻㛎߇޽ࠆߣߪ޿߃ޔ ᦬એ᧪ᢙࡩ᦬㑆ߩḰ஻߇߅߅߻ߨ㗅⺞ߦㅴࠎߢᒰᣣ ࠍㄫ߃ࠆߎߣ߇಴᧪ߚߩߪޔታᣉᆔຬળࠍᡰ߃ߡᔅⷐߥ૞ᬺࠍ㤩ޘߣߎߥߒߡߊࠇߚ %1' ੐ോዪߩ߅߆ߍߢ

޽ࠅޔᄢቇᒰዪߩᡰេߩ⾦‛ߢ޽ࠆޕ

ߎߩႎ๔ᦠߦߪޔᒰᣣ⊒⴫ߐࠇߚႎ๔ߣࠦࡔࡦ࠻ޔߘࠇߦ✚ว⸛⺰ߣࡈࡠࠕ߆ࠄ಴ߐࠇߚᗵᗐࠍ࠹࡯ࡊ⿠

ߒߢౣ⃻ߒߚ߽ߩ߇෼㍳ߐࠇߡ޿ߡޔࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓߢ૗߇⺆ࠄࠇߚ߆߇൮ߺ㓝ߐߕߦ⋓ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߃ࠆޕ

৻⺒ߒߡᔊᙈߩߥ޿ߏᗧ⷗ࠍነߖߡ޿ߚߛߌࠇ߫ޔࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓࠍḰ஻ߒߚ⠪ߣߒߡᐘߖߎࠇߦㆊ߉ࠆߎߣ ߪߥ޿ޕ ᐕ ᦬ ᣣ⸥

(13)

On the Occasion of the Publication of the 2nd International Symposium Report

ƿSATO Hiroaki

Chairperson International Symposium Organizing Committee

It gives me great pleasure to report that the Kanagawa University 21st Century COE Program’s 2nd International Symposium, held on October 28-29, 2006, was a resounding success. The aim of the 2nd symposium was to make the results of joint research carried out over the past three years widely known and to invite comments and appraisal from all those attending the symposium. The theme, “Interpreting Human Culture through Nonwritten Materials,” was chosen with this objective in mind.

Preparations began in February 2006 when the coordinators of the four symposium sessions decided on the contents of their sessions and drew up a shortlist of the panelists and commentators for each session. After some minor adjustments, the various members were confirmed by April and we were able to begin preparations for the sessions in earnest. In August, the session papers began arriving at the COE secretariat in quick succession and the next task was to translate the Japanese papers into English and the English papers into Japanese. By the middle of October, we had completed the collection of resumés that would be distributed at the symposium.

It was certainly helpful that we had an experience of the 1st Symposium. Indeed the fact that the preparations from February onwards proceeded so smoothly was largely due to the unfailing support of the COE secretariat in carrying out all the necessary tasks and the strong backing of the university.

The report contains the papers presented at each session along with their accompanying comments, as well as transcripts of tape recordings of the final discussion and comments from the audience, making for a frank rendition of what took place at the symposium. We invite you, in turn, to give us your honest comments on the report, to help us in future years.

December 22, 2006

(14)

ٳٛՕग़!

!

␹ᄹᎹᄢቇ ቇ㐳

ጊἫ ᱜೣ

⊝᭽ޔ߅ߪࠃ߁ߏߑ޿߹ߔޕᧄᣣޔߎߩࠃ߁ߦ⊝᭽ߩߏෳടࠍᓧߡޔޟ╙ ࿁ %1' ࿖㓙ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓޠࠍ㐿

௅ߢ߈߹ߔߎߣߪޔ␹ᄹᎹᄢቇߣߒߡᄢᄌశᩕߥߎߣߢߏߑ޿߹ߔޕߎߩࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓߦෳടߐࠇࠆోߡߩ

⊝᭽ࠍޔ␹ᄹᎹᄢቇߣߒߡޔᔃ߆ࠄ᱑ㄫ↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔޕ

ᧄቇߪޔ⍮ࠍવ߃ࠆޟᢎ⢒ߩ㊀ⷞޠߣߣ߽ߦޔᄢቇᢎ⢒ߩ೨ឭߣߒߡޔવ߃ࠆߴ߈⍮ߩഃㅧ߇ߥߌࠇ߫ߥ ࠄߥ޿ޔ߹ߚޔᄢቇᢎ⢒ߦߪޔ⍮ߛߌߢߪߥߊޔ⍮ࠍഃㅧߔࠆᣇᴺࠍવ߃ࠆߎߣ߽฽߹ࠇࠆޔߘߩࠃ߁ߥ⹺

⼂ߩ߽ߣߦޟᢎ⢒ߣ⎇ⓥߩⲢวޠࠍℂᔨߣߒߡ߅ࠅ߹ߔޕ

ߎߩࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓࠍਥ௅ߔࠆޟੱ㘃ᢥൻ⎇ⓥߩߚ߼ߩ㕖ᢥሼ⾗ᢱߩ૕♽ൻޠࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߪޔ߹ߐߦߎߩ ᧄቇߩℂᔨࠍߘߩ߹߹ታ〣ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅޔᧄቇߩᢎ⢒࡮⎇ⓥ૕೙ߩࡕ࠺࡞ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߢߏߑ޿߹ߔޕ ߒߚ߇ߞߡޔߎߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻߇ᤓᐕߦᒁ߈⛯߈ޔߎߎߦޔ╙ ࿁࿖㓙ࠫࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓࠍ㐿௅ߒޔߘߩᚑᨐ ߩ৻┵ࠍᛲ㔺ߔࠆߎߣߪޔోቇ⊛ߦᄢ߈ߥᘮ߮ߣߒߡฃߌᱛ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿߹ߔޕߘߒߡޔߎߩࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓ߇ޔ ߎࠇ߹ߢߩ⎇ⓥᚑᨐߩ߁߃ߦߐࠄߦᣂߚߥ߽ߩࠍઃߌട߃ޔߎߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻߇ޟ㕖ᢥሼ⾗ᢱߩ૕♽ൻޠߣ

޿߁ᧂ㐿ߩቇ໧ಽ㊁ࠍಾࠅᜏ޿ߡഃㅧ⊛ߥᚑᨐ߳ߣ⥋ࠆޔߘߩᣂߚߥࠬ࠲࡯࠻ߣߥࠆߎߣࠍోቇ߇ᦼᓙߒߡ

޿߹ߔޕ

੹ᣣ࡮᣿ᣣߣޔੑᣣ㑆ߦࠊߚࠆ⊝᭽ߩߏᾲᔃߥ⸛⺰߇ߎߩࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓߦᚑഞࠍ߽ߚࠄߒޔޟ㕖ᢥሼ⾗ᢱߩ

૕♽ൻޠߣ޿߁․ᱶߥ⎇ⓥ߇ޔ᥉ㆉ⊛ߥޟੱ㘃ᢥൻߩ⎇ⓥޠࠍㅴዷߐߖޔ߭޿ߡߪޟੱ㘃ᢥൻߩ⊒ዷޠ̆ޟੱ

㘃ߩ⑔␩ߩታ⃻ޠ߳ߣዷᦸࠍ㐿ߊߎߣߦߥࠆߎߣࠍᔃ߆ࠄ␨ᔨߒߡޔ㐿ળߩߏ᜿ᜦߣߐߖߡ޿ߚߛ߈߹ߔޕ

(15)

Opening Remark

YAMABI Masanori

President, Kanagawa University

Good morning ladies and gentlemen. I would like to welcome you to the 2^nd COE International Symposium, and I would like to express my sincere gratitude to you all for being here with us today. It's an honor for Kanagawa University to host this symposium this year again.

At Kanagawa University, we strive to excel in both education and research. That is because we strongly believe that one cannot be pursued without the other. University education entails imparting knowledge, but we shouldn’t be satisfied with teaching only what we already know. We must endeavor to expand the boundary of our knowledge base – to create more knowledge, in other words. That is why it is critical that we also teach how to conduct research to discover the unknown.

The symposium is hosted by a project entitled "Systematization of Nonwritten Cultural Materials for the Study of Human Societies." This project is the embodiment of our educational philosophy as well as the model of research framework at Kanagawa University.

We could not be happier to host the International Symposium for the second year in a row, and to present you some of our research results that has been achieved in the project so far. We all of Kanagawa University hope that this symposium will add to the already growing body of knowledge we have accumulated through our research.

We also hope that this gathering will be a springboard to establish “Systematization of Nonwritten Cultural Materials” as a new field that will bring us new discoveries.

I sincerely hope that you will engage in enthusiastic discussions today and to make this symposium a success tomorrow, and that research in the pioneering field of “Systematization of Nonwritten Cultural Materials” will further promote the “Study of Human Culture,” and eventually lead to “Progress of Human Culture” and

“Realization of Human Welfare.” Once again, welcome to the 2^nd COE International Symposium. Thank you.

(16)

৽ट৪Օग़!

␹ᄹᎹᄢቇ ਎♿ %1' ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ ᜚ὐ࡝࡯࠳࡯

⑔↰ ࠕࠫࠝ

⊝ߐࠎࠃߊ޿ࠄߞߒ߾޿߹ߒߚޕ

⑳ߪ␹ᄹᎹᄢቇ ਎♿ %1' ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ᜚ὐ࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠍߒߡ߅ࠅ߹ߔ⑔↰ࠕࠫࠝߣ↳ߒ߹ߔޕ

ߏᛚ⍮ߩࠃ߁ߦޔ ਎♿ %1' ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߪޔᢥㇱ⑼ቇ⋭߇ᣉ╷ߩ⋡₹໡ຠߩ৻ߟߣߒߡᛂߜ಴ߒߚᄢဳߩ ᄢቇᡰេ╷ߢߔޕᄢቇ㒮ඳ჻⺖⒟ࠍᜬߟᄢቇߦኻߒߡޔ਎⇇⊛ߥ⎇ⓥ᜚ὐࠍߟߊࠆߚ߼ߩ᭴ᗐࠍ൐ࠅޔߘߩ ఝࠇߚ⺖㗴ߦኻߒߡ㧡ᐕ㑆ᄢဳߩ⵬ഥ㊄ࠍ಴ߒߡޔߘߩ᜚ὐᒻᚑࠍᡰេߔࠆߣ޿߁߽ߩߢߔޕ ᐕᐲ߆ࠄ 㐿ᆎߐࠇ߹ߒߚ⑳౒ߩޟੱ㘃ᢥൻ⎇ⓥߩߚ߼ߩ㕖ᢥሼ⾗ᢱߩ૕♽ൻޠߪޔᐘ޿ߦߒߡޔỗߒ޿┹੎ࠍ߆޿ߊ ߋࠅޔ ᐕᐲߦណᛯߐࠇ߹ߒߚޕ⃻࿷㧠ᐕ⋡ࠍㄫ߃ߡ߅ࠅ߹ߔޕᦨ⚳ᐕᐲߢ޽ࠆ᧪ᐕᐲߦߪޔ਎⇇⊛⎇ⓥ

᜚ὐߣߒߡߩᆫࠍ᣿⏕ߦߒߚ⎇ⓥᚑᨐࠍ␜ߐߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠅ߹ߖࠎޕ

⑳౒ߪޔᤓᐕ ᦬ߦ╙㧝࿁࿖㓙ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓࠍ㐿௅ߒ߹ߒߚޕߎߩળ႐ߦ߽ߘࠇߦߏ಴Ꮸ޿ߚߛ޿ߚᣇ߽

ᄢ൓߅ࠄࠇࠆߎߣߣᕁ޿߹ߔޕᤓᐕߩ╙㧝࿁ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓߪޔ⑳౒ߩ⺖㗴ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ⎇ⓥࠍⴕߞߡޔߔߢߦ ᄢ߈ߥ⎇ⓥᚑᨐࠍ᜼ߍߡ߅ࠄࠇࠆᣇޘࠍ߅᜗߈ߒߡޔߘߩᣇᴺ߿ᚑᨐࠍ⊒⴫ߒߡ߽ࠄ޿ޔ⑳౒ߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ ߩౝኈᒻᚑߦขࠅㄟ߹ߖߡ޿ߚߛߎ߁ߣ޿߁⯻ߩ⦟޿⠨߃ߦၮߠ޿ߡડ↹ߐࠇ߹ߒߚޕߘߩኒ߆ߥࠆ⸘↹ߪ ᄢᚑഞߢޔ਎⇇⊛ߥ⎇ⓥ⠪߆ࠄᄙߊߩߎߣࠍቇ߮ޔ⑳౒ߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ⎇ⓥᵴേࠍᄢ߈ߊޔߘߒߡᐢߊߔࠆ ߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߒߚޕ

ߘߒߡޔ੹࿁ߩ╙㧞࿁࿖㓙ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓߪޔ޿ࠃ޿ࠃ⎇ⓥᚑᨐࠍߣࠅ߹ߣ߼ࠆߎߣ߇ⷞ㊁ߦ౉ߞߡ߈ߚ㧠 ᐕᐲ⋡ߦ㐿௅ߔࠆ߽ߩߢߔޕ੹࿁ߪޔ⑳౒ߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ⎇ⓥᚑᨐߦߟ޿ߡޔߘߩ᭴ᗐ߿ዷᦸޔ޽ࠆ޿ߪᚑ ᨐߩ৻┵ࠍᛲ㔺ߒߡޔߘࠇߙࠇߩಽ㊁ߩవㅴ⊛ߥ⎇ⓥ⠪ߩ⊝᭽߆ࠄࠦࡔࡦ࠻ࠍ޿ߚߛߊߣ޿߁ᕈᩰߩࠪࡦࡐ

ࠫ࠙ࡓߢߔޕߏᜰ៰ߚߛ޿ߚߎߣࠍᵴ߆ߒߡޔᦨ⚳ᚑᨐࠍขࠅ߹ߣ߼ߚ޿ߣ⠨߃ߡ߅ࠅ߹ߔޕ⑳౒ߩࡊࡠࠣ

࡜ࡓߪޔ࿑௝ޔり૕ᛛᴺޔⅣႺ࡮᥊ⷰߣ޿߁ਃߟߩ㕖ᢥሼߩ਎⇇ࠍኻ⽎ߦޔߘߩ⾗ᢱൻߣ૕♽ൻޔߔߥࠊߜ ᖱႎ⊒ାࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ߅ࠅ߹ߔޕ⃻ᤨὐߢߪߘࠇߙࠇߩ⺖㗴ߩㅴ᝞⁁ᴫ߇⇣ߥࠅ߹ߔޕߘߩߚ߼ޔߎߩੑᣣ㑆 ߩࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓ߽࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦᲤߦ⇣ߥࠆ᭽⋧ࠍ␜ߔ߆ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ߇ޔߏੌ⸃޿ߚߛ߈ߚߊ߅㗿޿↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔޕ ᦨᓟߦޔߎߎߦߏ಴Ꮸ޿ߚߛ߈߹ߒߚ⊝᭽ߦᡷ߼ߡ޽ߟߊᗵ⻢↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔޕੑᣣ㑆ߩ⊒⴫࡮ࠦࡔࡦ࠻ߘ ߒߡ⸛⼏ࠍㅢߒߡޔੱ㘃ᢥൻࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆ㓙ߩ㕖ᢥሼ⾗ᢱߩ㊀ⷐᕈޔน⢻ᕈߦߟ޿ߡℂ⸃ࠍᷓ߼ߡ޿ߚߛߌࠆ ߎߣࠍ㗿ߞߡ߅ࠅ߹ߔޕߘߒߡޔ⑳౒ߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩౝኈߦߟ޿ߡⓍᭂ⊛ߦߏᵈᢥ޿ߚߛ߈ߚ޿ߣ⠨߃ߡ߅ ࠅ߹ߔޕࠃࠈߒߊ߅㗿޿↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔޕ

᦭ࠅ㔍߁ߏߑ޿߹ߒߚޕ

(17)

Welcome Speech

FUKUTA Ajio

Program Leader Kanagawa University 21^st Century COE Program

Thank you all for coming to the 2^nd International Symposium on Nonwritten Cultural Materials. My name is Ajio Fukuta, and I am the leader of the Kanagawa University 21^st Century COE Program.

The 21^st Century COE Program, as I am sure you are aware, is a major initiative research program launched in 2002 by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to promote the establishment of world-class research and education centers. Universities offering doctoral programs were encouraged to submit research proposals for screening and were awarded five-year research grants if the proposals met the strict standards of COE program. In 2003, our proposal “Systematization of Nonwritten Cultural Materials for the Study of Human Societies” survived strong competition and was selected as a grant winner. Next year, which will be our fifth and final year, we will be required to present research results befitting a world-class research center.

In November 2005, we hosted the 1^st International Symposium on Nonwritten Cultural Materials, which many of you might have attended, and to which we invited prominent scholars in the related fields to present their latest research findings and methodologies. The symposium turned out to be a great success and, as we had secretly hoped while organizing it, we were able to absorb a great deal of the newly acquired knowledge from the top scholars and were able to develop and expand our program activities.

This is our fourth year of the COE Program, and it will not be too early before we start planning to finalize our research. In this 2^nd International Symposium, we would like to share with you the concept and framework of our study and to highlight some of new findings. We will also welcome comments and suggestions from you who have been involved in the related fields. Your feedback will be invaluably helpful as we proceed to summarize our research results. The objective of our program is to compile and systematize three types of nonwritten cultural materials – namely, illustrations; physical techniques and sensibility; environment and landscape. The progress of those three areas varies at this point, and that might be reflected in how the sessions proceed over the next two days. We would appreciate your understanding and patience.

Last but not least, I would like to express my gratitude to all of you for attending this symposium, and I sincerely hope that, through the two days of presentations and discussions, you will develop a deeper understanding of the importance and possibilities of nonwritten cultural materials in studying human societies. I would appreciate your active participation, and please feel free to ask any questions or share your thoughts about our program. Thank you.

(18)

ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠬࠤࠫࡘ࡯࡞

╙ ᣣ⋡ ᦬ ᣣ㧔࿯㧕

㧦㨪㧦㧔ฃઃ㧕࠮࡟ࠬ࠻ࡎ࡯࡞

㧦㨪㧦㧔㐿ળ᜿ᜦ㧕ጊጊἫ ᱜೣ㧔␹ᄹᎹᄢቇ㐳㧕

㧦㨪㧦㧔ਥ௅⠪᜿ᜦ㧕⑔⑔↰ ࠕࠫࠝ㧔␹ᄹᎹᄢቇᢎ᝼࡮%1' ᜚ὐ࡝࡯࠳࡯㧕

֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣

㧦㨪㧦

࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦΣ 㕖ᢥሼ⾗ᢱࠍ߼ߋࠆᣇᴺ⺰⊛⻉໧㗴㧨ࠦ࡯࠺ࠖࡀ࡯࠲࡯㧪

࡮⊛႐ ᤘᒄ㧔␹ᄹᎹᄢቇᢎ᝼࡮%1' ੐ᬺផㅴᜂᒰ⠪㧕㧨ࡄࡀ࡝ࠬ࠻㧪

࡮࡝࡝ࡘࠕ࡜ࡦ㧩ࡑ࡞ࠢ㧔ࡈ࡜ࡦࠬޔ࡝࡛ࡦ╙㧟ᄢቇᢎ᝼㧕

࠺ࠫ࠲࡞ੱ㘃ቇ㧙ࡃ࡯࠴ࡖ࡞ඳ‛㙚ߣߒߡߩࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻㧙

࡮⊛⊛႐ ᤘᒄ

㕖ᢥሼ⾗ᢱߪ޿߆ߦ⹺⼂ߐࠇࠆ߆㧙⍮ⷡࠍ߼ߋࠆືቇ⊛⻉໧㗴㧙㧨ࠦࡔࡦ࠹࡯࠲࡯࡮มળ㧪

࡮ᯌᯌᎹ ବᔘ㧔␹ᄹᎹᄢቇᢎ᝼࡮%1' ੐ᬺផㅴᜂᒰ⠪㧕

֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣

㧦㨪㧦

࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦΤ ࿑௝ߩߥ߆ߩ᥵ࠄߒߣᢥൻ̆ᣣᧄߣ᧲ࠕࠫࠕߩㄭ਎̆

㧨ࠦ࡯࠺ࠖࡀ࡯࠲࡯㧪

࡮㊄㊄⽵ᚒ㧔␹ᄹᎹᄢቇ %1' ᢎຬ㧕㧨ࡄࡀ࡝ࠬ࠻㧪

࡮⑔⑔↰ ࠕࠫࠝ

↢ᵴ⛗ᒁ✬➏ߩ਎⇇⊛ᗧ⟵

࡮↰↰ፉ ૫਽㧔␹ᄹᎹᄢቇᢎ᝼࡮%1' ੐ᬺផㅴᜂᒰ⠪㧕

ޡᣣᧄㄭ਎↢ᵴ⛗ᒁޢ૞ᚑߦะߌߡߩ⹜ߺ㧙࿯ደ෶ਃ㇢ޡㄘᬺ࿑⛗ޢࠍ㗴᧚ߦߒߡ㧙

࡮₺₺ ᱜ⪇㧔บḧޔਛᄩ⎇ⓥ㒮ㄭઍผ⎇ⓥᚲഥ⎇ⓥຬ㧕

㨯 ਎♿ਛ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆㇺᏒ࿑ޔㇺᏒᢥൻߣ㘑ଶ↹ߩ⥝㓉

࡮㊄㊄⽵ᚒ

㖧࿖࡮ᦺ㞲✬ߩ↢ᵴ⛗ᒁ✬➏ߣ࿑௝⾗ᢱ㧙ޟᐔფ⋙ม㙺ኃ࿑ޠࠍ଀ߦߒߡ㧙㧨มળ㧪

࡮⷏⷏ ๺ᄦ㧔␹ᄹᎹᄢቇᢎ᝼࡮%1' ੐ᬺផㅴᜂᒰ⠪㧕㧦㨪㧦

㧨ࠦࡔࡦ࠹࡯࠲࡯㧪

࡮ࡕࡕࠬ࠻࡯࡚ࠫࠪࡘࠕ㧔ࠞ࠽࠳ޔࡉ࡝࠹ࠖ࠶ࠪࡘࠦࡠࡦࡆࠕᄢቇᢎ᝼㧕

࡮࠻࠻࡟࡯࠺ࡔ࡜࠾࡯㧔࠼ࠗ࠷ޔࡂࠗ࠺࡞ࡌ࡞ࠣᄢቇᢎ᝼㧕

֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣

㧦㨪㧦㐽ળ᜿ᜦ

(19)

Program Schedule

1

^st

Day 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 October 28, 2006

9:30-10:00 Registration at Celeste Hall 10:00-10:05 Opening Remark

YAMABI Masanori (President, Kanagawa University) 10:05-10:20 Welcome Speech

FUKUTA Ajio (Professor, Kanagawa University / Program Leader, Kanagawa University 21^st Century COE Program)

֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣

10:20-12:00 Session I

METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS ABOUT THE SYSTEMATIZATION OF NONWRITTEN CULTURAL MATERIALS

Coordinator:

࡮MATOBA Akihiro (Professor, Kanagawa University / Program Representative, Kanagawa University 21^st Century COE Program)

Panelists:

࡮RIEU Alain-Marc (Professor, University Jean Moulin-Lyon3) Digital Anthropology: The Internet as Virtual Museum

࡮MATOBA Akihiro

Epistemology of Nonwritten Cultural Materials : Some Philosophical Problems concerning Perception

Commentator/Chair:

࡮KITSUKAWA Toshitada (Professor, Kanagawa University / Program Representative, Kanagawa University 21^stCentury COE Program)

֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣

13:30-15:30 Session II

LIVES AND CULTURE DEPICTED IN THE ILLUSTRATED MATERIALS:

THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD IN EAST ASIA Coordinator:

࡮ KIM Jeong Ah (Lecturer, Kanagawa University 21^stCentury COE Program) Panelists:

࡮FUKUTA Ajio

Global Significance of Compiling the Pictorial Dictionary of Folk Culture

࡮TAJIMA Yoshiya (Professor, Kanagawa University / Program Representative, Kanagawa University 21^stCentury COE Program )

An Attempt to Compile the Pictorial Dictionary of Japanese Folk Culture in the Early Modern Period Based on the Pictures of Farmers and Their Lives by Matasaburo Tsuchiya

࡮WANG Cheng-hua (Assistant Research Fellow, Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica)

Cityscapes, Urban Culture, and the Rise of Genre Painting in Late Imperial China

࡮KIM Jeong Ah

‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ The Pictorial Dictionary of Joseon Period Folk Culture in Korea :

‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ Source Materials and Banquet for the Governor of Pyeongyang Chair:

࡮NISHI Kazuo (Professor, Kanagawa University / Program Representative, Kanagawa University 21^st Century COE Program)

16:00-16:55 Commentators:

࡮MOSTOW Joshua (Professor, University of British Columbia)

࡮ TREDE Melanie (Professor, University of Heidelberg)

֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣

16:55-17:00 Closing Remark^䎃

(20)

╙ ᣣ⋡ ᦬ ᣣ㧔ᣣ㧕

㧦㨪㧦㧔ฃઃ㧕࠮࡟ࠬ࠻ࡎ࡯࡞

֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣

㧦㨪㧦

࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦΥ ‬ߩᒻᘒᲧセ߆ࠄ᧲ࠕࠫࠕߩ᳃ᣖ⒖േߦㄼࠆ 㧨ࠦ࡯࠺ࠖࡀ࡯࠲࡯࡮มળ㧪

࡮ᴡᴡ㊁ ㅢ᣿㧔␹ᄹᎹᄢቇᢎ᝼࡮%1' ੐ᬺផㅴᜂᒰ⠪㧕㧨ࡄࡀ࡝ࠬ࠻㧪

࡮ᷰᷰㇱ ᱞ㧔᧲ᶏᄢቇᢎ᝼㧕 ਛ࿖ߩવ⛔‬ߣߘߩᛛⴚ⒖ォ

࡮㊄㊄ శᒾ㧔㖧࿖ޔੳ⩄ᄢቇᩞฬ⹷ᢎ᝼

㖧࿖ߩ‬ߩᒻᘒߣ࿾ၞ⊛․ᓽ

࡮ᴡᴡ㊁ ㅢ᣿

ᣣᧄߩ‬ߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆᦺ㞲♽࡮ਛ࿖♽ߣߘߩᷙⴊဳ

࡮ዣዣ ⚫੪㧔ਛ࿖ޔ㔕ධᄢቇᢎ᝼㧕

֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣

㧦㨪㧦

࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦΦ ᥊ⷰ࡮ⓨ㑆✬ᚑಽᨆߦ߅ߌࠆ⾗ᢱߣߒߡߩ౮⌀ߩน⢻ᕈ 㧨ࠦ࡯࠺ࠖࡀ࡯࠲࡯࡮มળ㧪

࡮౎౎ਭ଻ ෘᔒ㧔␹ᄹᎹᄢቇഥᢎ᝼࡮%1' ౒ห⎇ⓥຬ㧕㧨ࡄࡀ࡝ࠬ࠻㧪

࡮⮮⮮᳗ ⽕㧔૒⾐ᄢቇ⻠Ꮷ࡮㨪 ᐕᐲ␹ᄹᎹᄢቇ %1' ⎇ⓥຬ㧔2&㧕 ᥊ⷰಽᨆߦ߅ߌࠆ⾗ᢱߣߒߡߩ౮⌀ߩน⢻ᕈ

࡮ᵿᵿ↰ ᒄ᣿㧔᪉⟤ᨋᄢቇഥᢎ᝼࡮␹ᄹᎹᄢቇ %1' ᢎຬ㧕

᥊ⷰ⎇ⓥ⾗ᢱߣߒߡߩޟᷦᴛࡈࠖ࡞ࡓޠߩ੹ᣣ⊛ᗧ⟵̆㖧࿖ධㇱࠍ଀ߦ̆

࡮㈕㈕ ⟤ᗲ㧔ᐔᚑ࿖㓙ᄢቇ㕖Ᏹൕ⻠Ꮷ㧕

࡮ᅏᅏ㊁ ᔒஉ㧔␹ᚭᵹㅢ⑼ቇᄢቇᢎ᝼㧕

֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣

㧦㨪㧦 ✚ว⸛⺰

㧨มળ㧪

࡮ർർේ ♻ሶ㧔␹ᄹᎹᄢቇ㕖Ᏹൕ⻠Ꮷ࡮%1' ੐ᬺផㅴᜂᒰ⠪㧕㧨ࡄࡀ࡝ࠬ࠻㧪

࡮⊛⊛႐ ᤘᒄ

࡮㊄㊄⽵ᚒ

࡮ᴡᴡ㊁ ㅢ᣿

࡮౎౎ਭ଻ ෘᔒ

֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣

㧦㨪㧦㧔㐽ળ᜿ᜦ㧕

(21)

2

^nd

Day 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 October 29, 2006

9:30-10:00 Registration at Celeste Hall

֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣

10:00-12:00 Session III

TRACING THE MIGRATION OF EAST ASIAN PEOPLES THROUGH A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PLOW SHAPES

Coordinator/Chair:

࡮KƿNO Michiaki(Professor, Kanagawa University / Program Representative, Kanagawa University 21^st Century COE Program)

Panelists:

࡮WATABE Takeshi(Professor, Tǀkai University)

Traditional Chinese Plows and the Transfer of Their Technology

࡮ KIM Kwang-eon (Emeritus Professor, Inha University) Shapes of Korean Plows and Their Regional Features

࡮KƿNO Michiaki

Japanese Plows of Korean, Chinese and Mixed Origin Commentator:

࡮YIN Shaoting(Professor, Yunnan University)

֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣

13:30-15:30 Session IV

POSSIBILITIES OF PHOTOGRAPHS AS MATERIAL FOR AN ANALYSIS OF LANDSCAPE AND SPACE ORGANIZATION

Coordinator/Chair:

࡮HACHIKUBO Kǀshi(Associate Professor, Kanagawa University/ Joint Senior Researcher, Kanagawa University 21^stCentury COE Program)

Panelists:

࡮FUJINAGA Gǀ(Lecturer, Saga University / 2003-2005 Post-Doctoral Fellow, Kanagawa University 21^st Century COE Program)

Possibilities of Photographs as Material for Landscape Analysis

࡮HAMADA Hiroaki(Associate Professor, ƿbirin University / Lecturer, Kanagawa University 21^st Century COE Program)

The Present-day Significance of the ‘Shibusawa Films’ for Landscape Research Data:The Example of South Korea

Commentators:

࡮JUNG Mee Ae (Lecturer, Heisei International University)

࡮OKUNO Shii (Professor, University of Marketing and Distribution Sciences)

֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣

15:45-17:25 FINAL DISCCUSSION Chair:

࡮KITAHARA Itoko(Lecturer, Kanagawa University / Program Representative, Kanagawa University 21^stCentury COE Program)

Panelists:

࡮MATOBA Akihiro

࡮KIM Jeong Ah

࡮KƿNO Michiaki

࡮HACHIKUBO Kǀshi

֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣֣

17:25-17:30 Closing Remark

(22)

ίυέͻȜσȟPROFILE

SESSION 㧵

ࡄࡀ࡝ࠬ࠻㧛Panelists 㧝㧚࡝ࡘ ࠕ࡜ࡦ㧩ࡑ࡞ࠢ

࡮࡝࡛ࡦ╙㧟ᄢቇᢎ᝼

࡮ືቇ

RIEU Alain-Marc

࡮Professor, University Jean Moulin-Lyon3 ࡮Philosophy

㧞㧚⊛႐ ᤘᒄ

࡮␹ᄹᎹᄢቇᢎ᝼ ␹ᄹᎹᄢቇ21਎♿COEࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ੐ᬺផㅴᜂᒰ⠪

࡮␠ળᕁᗐผ࡮␠ળผ MATOBA Akihiro

࡮Professor, Kanagawa University

Program Representative, Kanagawa University 21^st Century COE Program

࡮History of social thought, Social history

ࠦࡔࡦ࠹࡯࠲࡯࡮มળ㧛Commentator࡮Chair 㧝㧚ᯌᎹ ବᔘ

࡮ᣣᧄ᡽ᴦᕁᗐผ KITSUKAWA Toshitada

࡮Program Representative, Kanagawa University 21^st Century COE Program

࡮Japanese history of Political thought

(23)

SESSION Τ

ࡄࡀ࡝ࠬ࠻㧛Panelists 㧝㧚⑔↰ ࠕࠫࠝ

࡮␹ᄹᎹᄢቇᢎ᝼ ␹ᄹᎹᄢቇ21਎♿COEࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ᜚ὐ࡝࡯࠳࡯

࡮᳃ଶቇ FUKUTA Ajio

Program Leader, Kanagawa University 21^st Century COE Program

࡮Folklore 㧞㧚↰ፉ ૫਽

࡮ᣣᧄ⚻ᷣผ TAJIMA Yoshiya

࡮Japanese Economic History 㧟㧚₺ ᱜ⪇

࡮ਛᄩ⎇ⓥ㒮ㄭઍผ⎇ⓥᚲഥ⎇ⓥຬ

࡮ਛ࿖⟤ⴚผ࡮ⷞⷡᢥൻ෸߮‛⾰ᢥൻ⎇ⓥ

WANG Cheng-hua

࡮Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica

࡮Chinese Art History, Visual Culture Studies, Material Culture Studies

㧠㧚㊄⽵ᚒ

࡮␹ᄹᎹᄢቇCOEᢎຬ

࡮ᣣᧄ⛗↹ผ࡮᧲ᵗ⟤ⴚผ KIM Jeong Ah

࡮Lecturer, Kanagawa University 21^st Century COE Program

࡮Japanese Art History, History of Asian Paintings

ࠦࡔࡦ࠹࡯࠲࡯㧛Commentator 㧝㧚ࡕࠬ࠻࡯ ࡚ࠫࠪࡘࠕ

࡮ࡉ࡝࠹ࠖ࠶ࠪࡘࠦࡠࡦࡆࠕᄢቇᢎ᝼

࡮ᣣᧄᢥቇ࡮ᣣᧄ⟤ⴚ MOSTOW Joshua

࡮Professor, University of British Columbia

࡮Japanese Literature & Art 㧞㧚࠻࡟࡯࠺ ࡔ࡜࠾࡯

࡮ࡂࠗ࠺࡞ࡌ࡞ࠣᄢቇᢎ᝼

࡮ᣣᧄ⟤ⴚผ TREDE Melanie

࡮Professor, University of Heidelberg ࡮History of Japanese Art

(24)

SESSION Υ ࡄࡀ࡝ࠬ࠻㧛Panelists 㧝㧚ᷰㇱ ᱞ

࡮᧲ᶏᄢቇᢎ᝼

࡮ਛ࿖ᢥൻผ WATABE Takeshi

࡮Professor, Tokai University

࡮Chinese Cultural History

㧞㧚㊄ శᒾ

࡮ੳ⩄ᄢቇᩞฬ⹷ᢎ᝼

࡮᳃ଶቇ KIM Kwang-eon

࡮Emeritus Professor, Inha University

࡮Folklore

㧟㧚ᴡ㊁ ㅢ᣿

࡮ㄘᬺᛛⴚผ KƿNO Michiaki

࡮History of Agricultural technology

ࠦࡔࡦ࠹࡯࠲࡯㧛Commentator 㧝㧚ዣ ⚫੪

࡮㔕ධᄢቇᢎ᝼

࡮ੱ㘃ቇޔㄘᬺผ YIN Shaoting

࡮Professor, Yunnan University ࡮Anthropology, Agriculture

(25)

SESSION Φ

ࡄࡀ࡝ࠬ࠻㧛Panelists 㧝㧚⮮᳗ ⽕

࡮૒⾐ᄢቇ⻠Ꮷ 2003㨪2005ᐕᐲ␹ᄹᎹᄢቇCOE⎇ⓥຬ㧔PD㧕

࡮ੱᢥ࿾ℂቇ FUJINAGA Gǀ

࡮Lecturer, Saga University

2003-2005 Post-Doctoral Fellow, Kanagawa University 21^st Century COE Program ࡮Human Geography

㧞㧚ᵿ↰ ᒄ᣿

࡮᪉⟤ᨋᄢቇഥᢎ᝼ ␹ᄹᎹᄢቇCOEᢎຬ

࡮ᢥൻ࿾ℂቇ࡮ඳ‛㙚ቇ HAMADA Hiroaki

࡮Associate Professor, ƿbirin University

Lecturer, Kanagawa University 21^st Century COE Program

࡮Cultural Geography, Museology

ࠦࡔࡦ࠹࡯࠲࡯㧛Commentator 㧝㧚㈕ ⟤ᗲ

࡮ᐔᚑ࿖㓙ᄢቇ㕖Ᏹൕ⻠Ꮷ

࡮ੱᢥ࿾ℂቇ㧔ㇺᏒ࿾ℂ࡮ੱญ࿾ℂ㧕 JUNG Mee Ae

࡮Lecturer, Heisei International University

࡮Human Geography(Urban Geography, Population Geography)

㧞㧚ᅏ㊁ ᔒஉ

࡮␹ᚭᵹㅢᄢቇᢎ᝼

࡮ੱᢥ࿾ℂቇ OKUNO Shii

࡮Professor, University of Marketing and Distribution Sciences ࡮Human Geography

ࠦ࡯࠺ࠖࡀ࡯࠲࡯࡮มળ㧛Coordinator࡮Chair 㧝㧚౎ਭ଻ ෘᔒ

࡮␹ᄹᎹᄢቇഥᢎ᝼ ␹ᄹᎹᄢቇ21਎♿COEࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ౒ห⎇ⓥຬ

࡮ੱᢥ࿾ℂቇ HACHIKUBO Kǀshi

࡮Associate Professor, Kanagawa University

Joint Senior Researcher, Kanagawa University 21^st Century COE Program

࡮Human Geography

(26)

(27)

セッションⅠ セッションⅠ

SESSION Ⅰ SESSION Ⅰ _{ġ ġ}

๱໲ল঩ၳ༹̪༷ͬ͛ͥაഎ੨࿚ఴġ ġ

METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS ABOUT THE SYSTEMATIZATION

OF NONWRITTEN CULTURAL MATERIALS

(28)

ΟΐΗσ૽႒ڠȝΨȜΙλσȆηνȜΐͺθ̱͈͂̀ͼϋΗȜΥΛΠȝ!

࡝ࡘ ࠕ࡜ࡦ㧩ࡑ࡞ࠢ

ᦨೋߦޔߎߩ %1' ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦࠃߞߡឭ⿠ߐࠇߚ৻ㅪߩᗧ⟵޽ࠆ⺖㗴ߦߟ޿ߡޔ␹ᄹᎹᄢቇ߇⑳ߦ⎇ⓥࠍ

⛮⛯ߔࠆᯏળࠍਈ߃ߡߊߛߐߞߚߎߣߦᗵ⻢ߒߚ޿ߣᕁ޿߹ߔޕߎߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߢ⎇ⓥߐࠇޔ⸛⺰ߐࠇࠆ໧

㗴ߪޔ࿖ኅ߿᳃ᣖ⊛ߥႺ⇇ࠍ⿧߃ߡޔቇⴚ⎇ⓥߣᢎ⢒ߩᄢ߈ߥᄌൻߦߟߥ߇ࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߣ⑳ߪᒝߊ⏕ାߒ ߡ޿߹ߔޕ߹ߚޔᤓᐕߦ⛯޿ߡ੹ᐕ߽⑳ࠍߎߩ⎇ⓥߦෳടߔࠆࠃ߁߅᜗߈ߊߛߐߞߚ⊛႐ᢎ᝼ߦ߽߅␞↳ߒ

਄ߍߚ޿ߣᕁ޿߹ߔޕߐࠄߦޔ⊛႐ᢎ᝼ޔ%1' ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ޔ⑳⥄りߣߩ㑆ߩᯅᷰߒᓎࠍല₸ࠃߊോ߼ߡߊ ߛߐߞߚ࡞ࠪ࡯࠾ࡘ᳁ߦ߽ᗵ⻢ࠍ↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔޕ⑳ߪห᳁ߩᣣᧄߩੱ㘃ቇޔ․ߦᩉ↰࿖↵ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥࠍ㜞 ߊ⹏ଔߒߡ߅ࠅޔߘߩ⎇ⓥߪߎߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩዷ㐿߿ὶὐߦߟ޿ߡℂ⸃ࠍᷓ߼ࠆ਄ߢᓎ┙ߞߡ޿߹ߔޕᦨᓟ ߦᏱߦᔋ⠴ᒝߊޔ߆ߟല₸ࠃߊ઀੐ࠍㅴ߼ߡߊࠇߚ㐳⼱Ꮉ᳁ߦ߽ᗵ⻢ߒߚ޿ߣᕁ޿߹ߔޕ

⑳ߩ੹ᐕߩ⋡ᮡߪߣ޿޿߹ߔߣޔᤓᐕ ᦬ߦ⚫੺ߒߚℂ⺰⊛ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ࠍޔㄭ޿዁᧪น⢻ߥ޿ߊߟ߆ߩౕ

૕⊛ᚑᨐࠍ␜ߔߎߣߦࠃࠅޔౖဳ⊛ߥޡ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ޢࠍ↪޿ߡߐࠄߦ⊒ዷߐߖࠆߎߣߢߔޕ੹࿁ߩ

ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓޟ࿑௝࡮᳃ౕ࡮᥊ⷰ 㕖ᢥሼ⾗ᢱ߆ࠄੱ㘃ᢥൻࠍ⺒ߺ⸃ߊޠߪޔࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦ߆ ߆ࠊߞߡ޿ࠆ⎇ⓥ⠪߇ߎࠇ߹ߢߤࠎߥߎߣࠍ⎇ⓥߒߡ߈ߚߩ߆ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿߹ߔޕ੹࿁ߩႎ๔ߩዷᦸߦߟ޿ߡ

↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔߣޔߘࠇߪ␹ᄹᎹᄢቇߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ೙ᐲ⊛࡮ᛛⴚ⊛ⅣႺߣ㑐ଥߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߔޕ ߟ߹ࠅᧁࠍ⷗ࠆࠃࠅ᫪ࠍ⷗ࠆߣ޿߁⠨߃ᣇߢ޽ࠅ߹ߔޕ߽ߜࠈࠎޔᧁߩߥ޿᫪ߪ޽ࠅᓧߥ޿ޕߒ߆ߒޔᧁޘ ߇㓸߹ߞߡ᫪߇ᒻᚑߐࠇࠆߩߢߔ߆ࠄޔ᫪ߦߪ᫪ߣߒߡߩ໧㗴߿⺖㗴߇޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߔޕ

ߎߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߦࠃߞߡ߹ߛ᣿⏕ߥᒻߢ␜ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿⠨߃ᣇ߿ޔ⼏⺰ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿⠨߃ᣇ ࠍ޽߃ߡዷ㐿ߒࠃ߁ߣߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿ߎߣ߽ᒝ⺞ߒߡ߅߈߹ߔޕߒ߆ߒޔߎ߁ߒߚ㊁ᔃ⊛ߥࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ

࠻ߢߪޔ᭽ޘߥᗧ⷗ߦ⡊ࠍ௑ߌޔ㑐ㅪᕈࠍ⠨߃ࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߢߔޕߚߣ߃ߘ߁ߒߚߎߣ߇૛ಽߥߎߣߢ޽ࠈ ߁ߣޔߘࠇߪ⏕⹺૞ᬺߣߒߡޔ߹ߚᄢዪ⊛ߥ‛ߩ⷗ᣇࠍ⵬ቢߔࠆߚ߼ߩ૞ᬺߣߒߡ᦭↪ߥߎߣߢߔޕߎߩࡊ ࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߢ⑳߇ឭ␜ߔࠆ⠨߃ᣇ߽ޔઁߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߦࠃߞߡౣ᭴▽ߐࠇޔ⍮⼂ߩะ਄ߦᓎ┙ߡࠄࠇࠆߎߣߦࠃ ߞߡߪߓ߼ߡޔଔ୯ࠍᜬߟߎߣߦߥࠆࠊߌߢߔޕ⑳⥄りߩ㊁ᔃߪޔ߹ߐߦߎ߁ߒߚ઀੐ߦ⾗ߔࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣ ߛߌߢߔޕ

߽߁߭ߣߟ⑳߇ᒝ⺞ߒߡ߅߈ߚ޿ߩߪޔ␹ᄹᎹᄢቇߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߪޔੱ㘃ᢥൻࠍᲧセ⎇ⓥߔࠆߚ߼ߩࠝ

ࡦ࡜ࠗࡦ࡮ࡒࡘ࡯ࠫࠕࡓ߹ߚߪࡃ࡯࠴ࡖ࡞࡮ࡒࡘ࡯ࠫࠕࡓޔߔߥࠊߜ࠺ࠫ࠲࡞ੱ㘃ቇߩߚ߼ߩࡃ࡯࠴ࡖ࡞࡮

ࡒࡘ࡯ࠫࠕࡓࠍ᭴▽ߔࠆࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߢ޽ࠆߣℂ⸃ߢ߈ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߔޕߎߩࡃ࡯࠴ࡖ࡞࡮ࡒࡘ࡯ࠫࠕࡓ ߪޔߎߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ో૕ࠍᕈᩰߠߌࠆࡕ࠺࡞ߢߔޕㅒߦ⸒߃߫ޔߎߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߪޔࡒࡘ࡯ࠫࠕࡓߩ᭎

ᔨࠍౣ᭴▽ߔࠆߎߣ߽ᗧ࿑ߒߡ޿߹ߔޕߎࠇ߆ࠄޔߎߩ⠨߃ᣇ߇ߥߗᅷᒰᕈࠍᜬߟߩ߆ޔߘߒߡߎ߁ߒߚࠕ ࡊࡠ࡯࠴߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߥ⚿ᨐࠍ߽ߚࠄߔߩ߆ࠍᬌ⸽ߒߡ޿ߊߎߣߦߒ߹ߔޕ

(29)

Digital Anthropology

The Internet as Virtual Museum

RIEU Alain-Marc

First of all, I would like to thank Kanagawa University for giving me the opportunity to continue working on the important set of issues raised by its COE program. I strongly believe that the problems here researched and debated participate in a mutation of academic research and teaching, extending their scope beyond national and nationalistic borders. I would like also to thank Prof. Matoba, who invited me to participate in this research in 2005 and who renewed his invitation this year. I also thank Mr. Lesigne, who is often an efficient go-between Prof.

Matoba, the COE project and myself. I greatly appreciate his research on Japanese anthropology, on Yanagita Kunio in particular: it helps me to understand better the evolution and focus of this project. Finally, I would like also to thank Ms. Hasegawa who has always been patient and very efficient.

My goal this year is to further develop the theoretical approach introduced last November by showing some concrete outcomes, which can be expected in the near future, in a typical a Research and Development approach.

The program of this conference, “Interprinting Human Culture through Nonwritten Material : Perspectives on Illustrated Material, Folk Implements and Landscape”, proves the choices, which have been made by the program’s researchers. My perspective in this communication concerns the institutional and technological environment of the COE project of KanagawaUniversity. It concerns the forest more than the trees. Of course there is no forest without trees. Still all the trees make a forest and forests have their own set of problems and issues.

I would also like to stress that I do not pretend to develop ideas not yet formulated and debated by the members of this project. But such an ambitious project needs to hear and associate many different voices. In this case, redundancy is a confirmation and a complementary perspective. The ideas I might bring to this project have value only if they are reconstructed by other researchers and lead to knowledge advancement. This is only my ambition.

I develop the argument that the COE project of Kanagawa University can be understood as the construction of an on-line or virtual museum dedicated to the comparative study of Human Societies, a virtual museum for a digital anthropology. The museum is the institutional model of the whole project. But in return, the project is also a reconstruction of the concept of museum. I will explain what justifies this perspective and will explore the consequences of this approach.

1. Virtual museum

In order to construct this argument, I need first to situate my approach. This explains why I added last year at the end of my paper a list of my publications related to your project. When I discovered your program, my first reaction was that the “systematization of nonwritten cultural materials” was exactly the purpose of museums when they constitute collections, with the goal to present these collections to the general public through various types of

(30)

㧚ࡃ࡯࠴ࡖ࡞࡮ࡒࡘ࡯ࠫࠕࡓ

೨ㅀߩਥᒛࠍዷ㐿ߔࠆߚ߼ޔ߹ߕޔ⑳ߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߩ૏⟎ߠߌߦߟ޿ߡㅀߴ߹ߔޕᤓᐕޔ⑳߇ߥߗޔࠪࡦ ࡐࠫ࠙ࡓߩࡍ࡯ࡄ࡯ߩᦨᓟߦޔ⊝ߐࠎߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ⑳ߩ⺰ᢥࠍઃߌട߃ߚ߆߇߅ಽ ߆ࠅ޿ߚߛߌࠆߣᕁ޿߹ߔޕ⊝ߐࠎ߇ㅴ߼ߡ޿ࠆ⎇ⓥࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍ⍮ߞߚߣ߈ޔ⑳߇߹ߕᗵߓߚߩߪޔߘߩ

࠹࡯ࡑߢ޽ࠆޟ㕖ᢥሼᢥൻ⾗ᢱߩ૕♽ൻޠߪޔ෼⬿ຠࠍ᭽ޘߥዷ␜ࠍㅢߓߡ৻⥸ߦ౏㐿ߔࠆߚ߼ߦޔࡒࡘ࡯

ࠫࠕࡓ߇ࠦ࡟࡚ࠢࠪࡦࠍߟߊࠆߣ߈ߦ⠨߃ࠆ⋡⊛ߘߩ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߒߚޕࠦ࡟࡚ࠢࠪࡦࠍ૞ࠆߣ

޿߁ߎߣߪޔᢥൻ⽷ࠍ⾈޿㓸߼ࠆߎߣߢߪߥߊޔขᓧߒߚᢥൻ⽷ࠍㆬ೎ߒᢛℂߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠅޔߘߩ⋡⊛ߪޔ ቇⴚᯏ㑐߿ቇᩞߘߩઁߩᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩᨒᄖߢ৻⥸ߩੱޘࠍᢎ⢒ߔࠆߚ߼ޔ৻⽾ᕈߩ޽ࠆࠦ࡟࡚ࠢࠪࡦࠍ᭴ᚑߒޔ ዷ␜ࠍડ↹࡮㐿௅ߔࠆߎߣߢߔޕ⊝ߐࠎߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߪޔ߅ߘࠄߊᄙߊߩੱޘ߽ߘߩࠃ߁ߦᗵߓߚߣᕁ޿

߹ߔ߇ޔኻ⽎ࠍߔߴߡߩ㕖ᢥሼ⾗ᢱߦ᜛ᄢߒߚᣂߒ޿࠲ࠗࡊߩࠦ࡟࡚ࠢࠪࡦࠍޔੱ㘃ᢥൻࠍ⎇ⓥߒߡ޿ࠆ޽

ࠄࠁࠆੱޘߦឭ␜ߔࠆߚ߼ޔ⎇ⓥ࡮㐿⊒ߔࠆߎߣߩࠃ߁ߦᕁ߃߹ߒߚޕታ㓙ޔ⋡ᮡߪᢙᄙߊ޽ࠆ߇ޔ౒ㅢߒ ߡ޿ࠆߩߪޔ⎇ⓥߣᢎ⢒ߩᣂߒ޿Ბ㓏ࠍഃ಴ߔࠆߎߣߢߔޕ

⊝ߐࠎߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߦߟ޿ߡߩ⑳ߩ⸃㉼ࠍ⺑᣿ߔࠆߚ߼ߦޔߎࠇ߹ߢߩ⚻ᱧߩਛߢ⑳߇ฃߌߚᢎ⢒ޔ߹

ߚ⃻࿷ⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ⎇ⓥߦߟ޿ߡㅀߴࠆߎߣߦߒ߹ߔޕ⑳ߪ⑼ቇᛛⴚߩືቇࠍቇ߮߹ߒߚޕ⑳ߩ⎇ⓥ㗔ၞߪ⹺

⼂⺰ߢߔޕਥߣߒߡ⑳ߪޔ᭽ޘߥ␠ળ㧔⷏᰷ޔᣣᧄޔ☨࿖㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆ⑼ቇᛛⴚߩㅴൻޔߘߩ৻⥸⊛ߥ⍮⼂ߩ

૞ᚑߣ᥉෸ߦߟ޿ߡޔੱᢥ࡮␠ળ⑼ቇ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⸥ㅀߒޔ⺑᣿ߒߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠍ⎇ⓥߒߡ޿߹ߔޕᣣᧄޔ☨࿖ޔ

⷏᰷ߢߪ ᐕઍೋ߼ޔ⑼ቇᛛⴚߩᦨㄭߩㅴᱠ߇⃻ઍ␠ળࠍᄌ⾰ߐߖࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁ߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇᣿⏕ߦߥߞߡ ߈߹ߒߚޕ␠ળߩ޽ࠄࠁࠆ஥㕙߇ߎߩᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌޔᚒޘߪߘߎ߆ࠄޔߎࠇ߹ߢߩޟ↥ᬺ␠ળޠߦߣߞߡ࿕᦭

ߩ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚᛛⴚᢎ⢒߿⑼ቇ⊛⢻ജߢߪߥ޿ߐ߹ߑ߹ߥᛛ⢻߿ޔ␠ળߣ⍮⼂ߩౝ⊛ߥ⋧੕㑐ଥߩᣂߚߥℂ

⸃ࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆߛࠈ߁ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߒߚޕ ᐕઍߦ߅ߌࠆߎ߁ߒߚᄌൻߩਛᩭߣߥߞߚߩߪޔ࠺ࠫ࠲࡞ᛛ ⴚߩ಴⃻ߢߒߚޕࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻ߩ᥉෸ߦࠃࠅޔ ᐕઍߦߪ࠺ࠫ࠲࡞ᛛⴚߪవㅴ↥ᬺ␠ળ౒ㅢߩࠗࡦࡈ࡜

ߣߥࠅ߹ߒߚޕ

⑳ߪ ᐕઍޔᚒޘߩ␠ળߦ߅޿ߡޔ޿߆ߦ⍮⼂ߩౝኈޔᓎഀޔ᭴ㅧ߇ᄌൻߒߚ߆ࠍ৻⥸ߩੱޘߦኻߒߡ

⺑᣿ߔࠆᗧ࿑ࠍ߽ߟᢙᄙߊߩߐ߹ߑ߹ߥੱޘ߇㑐ࠊࠆㆇേߦෳടߒ߹ߒߚޕᚒޘߪޔᄢቇޔቇᩞޔኾ㐷ቇᩞ

ߣ޿ߞߚᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩႺ⇇ࠍ⿧߃ߚߣߎࠈߢᵴേࠍㅴ߼ࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߛߣ⠨߃߹ߒߚޕߎߩᣂߒ޿ޟᄢォ឵ޠ 㧔ࠞ࡯࡞㨯ࡐ࡜ࡦ࠾࡯㧕ߦࠃࠅޔߎ߁ߒߚᄌൻߦ㑐ߔࠆੱᢥ࡮␠ળ⑼ቇߩᣂߚߥ⎇ⓥߣޔ⎇ⓥ⚿ᨐࠍવ㆐ߒޔ ߎ߁ߒߚᢙᄙߊߩᄌൻߦߟ޿ߡ⺰⼏ߔࠆ႐ࠍឭଏߔࠆᣂߚߥ⚵❱߇ᔅⷐߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚޕߎࠇߪᒰᤨ߽੹߽ᄌ ࠊࠄߕޔᗧ⟵޽ࠆޟᏒ᳃␠ળޠߩᒻᚑߦߣߞߡਇนᰳߥ᡽ᴦ⊛⺖㗴ߢߔޕߘߎߢߩ໧㗴ߪੱޘࠍᢎ⢒ߔࠆߎ ߣߢߪߥ߆ߞߚߩߢߔޕᢎ⢒ߪޔߔߢߦቇᩞߣᄢቇ߇ⴕߞߡ޿߹ߒߚޕ໧㗴ߪޔ৻⥸ߩੱޘߦޔ␠ળߢ૗߇

⿠߈ߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ޔߘࠇ߇⥄ಽߚߜߩ↢ᵴߦߤߩࠃ߁ߥ⚿ᨐࠍ߽ߚࠄߔߩ߆ࠍតࠅޔ⼏⺰ߒޔℂ⸃ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ ᚻᲑࠍਈ߃ࠆߎߣߢߒߚޕ

ᐕઍޔࡒࡘ࡯ࠫࠕࡓߪޔ৻⥸ߩੱޘߦߎ߁ߒߚᄌൻࠍવ߃ࠆߚ߼ߩᩰᅢߩ႐ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿߹ߒߚޕ ࡒࡘ࡯ࠫࠕࡓߪޔ৻⥸ߩੱޘߣቇⴚᯏ㑐ߣߩ㑆ߩખ੺⠪ߩ┙႐ߦ޽ࠆߣℂ⸃ߐࠇߡ޿߹ߒߚޕ޽ࠄࠁࠆਥⷐ ㇺᏒߦ⑼ቇᛛⴚߦ㑐ߔࠆࡒࡘ࡯ࠫࠕࡓ߿࠮ࡦ࠲࡯߇ᑪ⸳ߐࠇ߹ߒߚߒޔ⃻࿷߽ᑪ⸳ߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔޕએ೨߆ࠄ

޽ߞߚ⑼ቇࡒࡘ࡯ࠫࠕࡓߪᡷⵝߐࠇޔᣂߒ޿ㅢ〝߿ᑪ‛߇ട߃ࠄࠇޔᡷⵝߪ੹߽⛯ߌࠄࠇߡ޿߹ߔޕᝄࠅ㄰

ࡐ࡜ࡦ࠾࡯ޡᄢォ឵ޢ6JG)TGCV6TCPUHQTOCVKQP0GY;QTM4KPGJCTV%QORCP[+PE

(31)

exhibitions. To create a collection is not to buy and gather artifacts but to select and organize acquisitions in order to constitute a coherent collection and to organize and design exhibitions with the goal to educate public outside established academic, schooling and training institutions. Your project appeared to me, as it probably did to many people, as the Research and Development of a new sort of collection, extended to all nonwritten materials with the goal to present these collections to all people concerned with the study of Human Societies. The goals are many but what they have in common is to generate a new level of Research and Education.

To explain this interpretation of your project, I need to refer to my education and my own research at a given moment of my career. My training is in philosophy of science and technology. My research is in Epistemology. I mainly study how Human and Social Sciences describe and explain the evolution of Science and Technology in various societies (Western Europe, Japan and the US), the production and distribution of Knowledge in general. In the early 1980s, it became clear in Japan, the US and Western Europe that recent progress in science and technology would transform modern societies. It would touch all aspects of society and require from all of us different skills and a new understanding of the internal interaction of society and knowledge, extending beyond the technical training and the scientific competence proper to an “industrial society”. The core of this transformation in the 1980s was the emergence of digital technology. With the Internet, digital technology became in the 1990s the common infrastructure of advanced industrial societies.

In the 1980s, I participated in a movement associating many different people who intended to explain to the general public the transformation of the content, role and organization of knowledge in our societies. We thought necessary to reach beyond educational institutions, beyond the borders of universities, schools and professional training. This new “grand transformation” (Karl Polyani¹) required new research on this mutation by Human and Social Sciences, new institutions to communicate this research and also to organize debates on these many changes. It was and it still is a political duty, essential for the formation of a meaningful “civil society.” The problem was not to train people; schools and universities were doing it. The problem was to give the general public the means to explore, debate and assimilate what was happening in society and the consequences for their own lives.

In the 1980s, a museum was thought to be the best place to communicate these changes to the public. Museums were understood as occupying an intermediate situation between the public and academic institutions. Science and Technology museums or centers were built and are still being built in all main cities. Existing science museums were renovated, new aisles or buildings were and are still added. In retrospect, this was quite an interesting conjuncture. Already at that time, the media were not considered to be able to fulfill this task: they were following a commercial evolution incompatible with this content and this goal. It was not the public that was not interested or that these issues were not considered important. It was considered as a marginal business opportunity because such programs would not generate enough profit. In fact, the press and the written media in general were considered as a field of communication and learning too narrow to make people experience the scope of these changes. Still books, newspapers and magazines provided and still provide information and explanation. So the

1The Great Transformation, New York, Rinehart & Company, Inc, 1944

(32)

ߞߡߺࠆߣޔߎࠇߪ㕙⊕޿Ꮌࠅวࠊߖߢߒߚޕᒰᤨޔࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߪߔߢߦ৻⥸ߩੱޘߣቇⴚᯏ㑐ߩ㑆ߩખ੺⠪

ߩᓎഀࠍᨐߚߖߥ޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿߹ߒߚޕࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߪߘߩౝኈߦ߅޿ߡ߽⋡⊛ߦ߅޿ߡ߽ޔߎ߁ߒߚᓎഀ

ߣߪ⋧ኈࠇߥ޿໡ᬺਥ⟵ߩ㆏ࠍㅴࠎߢ޿߹ߒߚޕߘࠇߪޔ৻⥸ߩੱޘ߇ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߦ⥝๧ࠍᜬߚߥ߆ߞߚ߆ࠄ ߢ߽ߥߊޔߎ߁ߒߚ໧㗴߇シⷞߐࠇߡ޿ߚ߆ࠄߢ߽޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎޕߎ߁ߒߚࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߪචಽߥ೑⋉ࠍ↢߹ߥ

޿ߛࠈ߁ߣᕁࠊࠇߡ޿ߚ߇ࠁ߃ߦޔขࠆߦ⿷ࠅߥ޿ࡆࠫࡀࠬߛߣߺߥߐࠇߡ޿ߚࠊߌߢߔޕታ㓙ޔᣂ⡞߿৻

⥸ߩᢥሼࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߪޔᐢ▸ߦ⿠ߎࠅߟߟ޽ࠆᄌൻࠍੱ߮ߣߦ૕㛎ߐߖࠆߚ߼ߩᖱႎવ㆐ߣቇ⠌ߩ႐ߣߒߡߪޔ

⁜ߔ߉ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿߹ߒߚޕߘࠇߢ߽ߥ߅ᧄޔᣂ⡞ޔ㔀⹹ߪᖱႎ߿⸃⺑ࠍឭଏߒߡ޿߹ߒߚߒޔߘߩ⁁

ᴫߪ⃻࿷߽ᄌࠊߞߡ޿߹ߖࠎޕᢥሼࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߪ㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍᜂߞߡ߈߹ߒߚ߇ޔᖱႎવ㆐ߣቇ⠌ߩ▸࿐߇޽

߹ࠅߦ߽⁜ߊޔ৻⥸ߩੱޘߦᄌൻࠍવ߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥߊߥߞߡ޿ߚߩߢߔޕᢥሼࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߪޔ੕޿ߦ㔌ࠇ ߚ႐ᚲߢߩ⋧੕૞↪ߩ਄ߦᚑࠅ┙ߞߡ޿ࠆߚ߼ޔⷞⷡ߹ߚߪ㖸ჿߦࠃࠆ⋧੕૞↪߇ߢ߈ࠆ೎ߩᣂߒ޿ᇦ૕ߦ ࠃߞߡ⵬ቢߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ߞߚߩߢߔޕ৻ᣇޔ࠹࡟ࡆߪ ᐕઍೋ߼ߩᲑ㓏ߢޔߎ߁ߒߚᓎഀࠍߔߢߦᄬߞߡ

޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿߹ߒߚޕ೙૞ࠦࠬ࠻ߩ໧㗴߿᡽ᴦ⊛ᄌൻߦࠃߞߡޔ࿖༡᡼ㅍዪߪޟ౏౒ޠ⊛޽ࠆ޿ߪޟ࿖

᳃ޠ⊛೑⋉ࠍ⴫⃻ߔࠆߎߣࠍ᡼᫈ߒߟߟ޽ߞߚߩߢߔޕ᳃㑆᡼ㅍዪߣ౏౒᡼ㅍዪߪޔޟ᏷ᐢ޿৻⥸ߩੱޘߩⷐ

᳞ޠࠍḩߚߔߚ߼ޔᇅᭉޔ࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬޔᤋ↹ߦ㊀ὐࠍ⟎ߊࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ޿߹ߒߚޕ࠹࡟ࡆߪၮᧄ⊛ߦߪޟߒ߾

ߴࠅޠਛᔃߩ⇟⚵ᒻᑼߦ㗬ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚޕߘߒߡޔߘ߁ߒߚޟ༆ࠅޠߩᒻᑼߪޔੱޘ߇ߤ߁ᗵߓޔߤ ߁෻ᔕߔࠆ߆ޔ߅੕޿ߦ਎ߩਛࠍߤ߁ℂ⸃ߒޔߤ߁ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࠻ߔࠆ߆ࠍ⴫⃻ߒߡ޿߹ߒߚޕ

ᐕઍೋ߼ޔࡒࡘ࡯ࠫࠕࡓߪ⟤ⴚࠍᛒ߁߆⑼ቇࠍᛒ߁߆ߣ޿߁඙೎ߪ޽ߞߚ߽ߩߩޔߘߩሽ࿷⥄૕ߪᒰ ὼߣ⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߢߒߚޕޟࡒࡘ࡯ࠫࠕࡓޠߪޔ⍮⼂␠ળߣ޿߁⠨߃ᣇ߇ᒻᚑߐࠇߟߟ޽ߞߚᒰᤨޔߟ

߹ࠅޔ⑼ቇᛛⴚ㕟๮߇ᆎ߹ߞߚᒰೋߦࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߐࠇߚ⚵❱ߦߟߌࠄࠇߚฬ೨ߢߒߚޕߒ߆ߒޔߘ߁ߒߚࡒࡘ

࡯ࠫࠕࡓߪ⃻ታߦߪሽ࿷ߒߥ߆ߞߚߒޔ੹߽ሽ࿷ߒߡ޿߹ߖࠎޕߘࠇߪⷐߔࠆߦޟࡃ࡯࠴ࡖ࡞ߥࡒࡘ࡯ࠫࠕ ࡓޠߢޔශ೚‛ߩ਎⇇ߦ߹ߛ❈ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࠶ࠢߥ਎⇇߿⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ᯏ㑐ߦ ⿷ࠍޔ߽߁৻ᣇߩ⿷ࠍࡑ

ࠬࡔ࠺ࠖࠕޔ․ߦ࠹࡟ࡆߩᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߡ޿ࠆ৻⥸ߩੱޘߩਛߦ⟎ߊޔߎࠇ߹ߢߣߪ㆑߁ᣂߒ޿ᇦ૕ࠍᮨ⚝ߔ ࠆߛߌߢߥߊޔߘߩᔅⷐᕈࠍ⹺⼂ߔࠆ႐ᚲߢߒߚޕߎ߁ߒߚࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߩඳ‛㙚ߣ޿߁᭎ᔨߪᅷᒰߥ߽ߩߢ޽

ߞߚߒޔߔߢߦචಽߦᒻᚑߐࠇߡ޿ߚߩߢߔޕࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߣߒߡߩࡃ࡯࠴ࡖ࡞࡮ࡒࡘ࡯ࠫࠕࡓߦߪᰴߩࠃ߁ߥ

․ᓽ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔޕ

غ ੱޘ߆ࠄޟ㔌ࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ޠߎߣ

x ⅣႺߢ޽ࠅޔࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߦࠃߞߡવ㆐ߐࠇࠆޟ⷗ߖ‛ޠߢߪߥ޿ߎߣޕ

x ෳടဳߩⅣႺߢ޽ࠆߎߣޕੱޘߪࠬࠢ࡝࡯ࡦ߿⦼ዬߩ႐㕙ߩ೨ߦᐳߞߡ޿ࠆߩߢߪߥߊޔޟ⥰บޠ ߦ਄߇ߞߚࠅޔታ㓙ߦޟෳടޠߒߚࠅߔࠆߩߢߔޕ

غ ⷰቴߢߪߥߊ⸰໧⠪ߩߚ߼ߦ૞ࠄࠇߚቇ⠌ⅣႺߢߔޕ⸰໧⠪ߪߎߩⅣႺߩਛࠍ⒖േߔࠆޕߔߥࠊߜޔ

഍႐ߩࠃ߁ߦ⥰บ߿ࠬࠢ࡝࡯ࡦߩ೨ߦᐳߞߡ➅ࠅᐢߍࠄࠇࠆࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦࠍ⌑߼ࠆߎߣߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎޕ ߎߩ⒳ߩඳ‛㙚߇ឭଏߔࠆቇ⠌⚻㛎ߪޔ޽ࠄࠁࠆᗵⷡߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃߹ߔޕ᭽ޘߥᖱႎḮߣ᭽ޘߥ⹺⼂

⊛⋧੕૞↪߇ޔ৻ߟߩዷ␜ߩਛߢ⿠߈ࠆߔߴߡߩ੐ᨩߣ㑐ㅪઃߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߢߔޕዷ␜ߪ৻⥸ߩੱޘ ߦޔߘߩ⚿ᨐ߇⹺⍮ߢ߈ࠆᄙ㊀ᗵⷡ⚻㛎ࠍឭଏߔࠆ⋡⊛ߢ૞ࠄࠇߚⅣႺߢߔޕ

غ ઁߦߥ޿࠲ࠗࡊߩቇ⠌ࠍ⊒ዷߐߖࠆޕቇ⠌ߩ᭎ᔨ߿ᘠⴕߪޔ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ࠍ⺒߻ߎߣߦၮߠ߆ߕޔ⸥ภߢ

(33)

written media had an important role to play but their range of communication and learning was too narrow to express these changes to the public. They were based on a remoteinteraction, which should be supplemented by other or new media based on visual and sound interaction. In the early 1980s, TV was already considered as a lost case: due to production costs and political change, national broadcast systems were renouncing expressing the

“public” or “national” interest. Private and public broadcasting companies were shifting toward satisfying “the demand of the broad public”, entertainment, news and films. TV relied on basic narrative forms, which were shaping how people felt and reacted, how people understand the world and communicate each other.

In the early 1980s, the museum was considered as a media in its own right, below, or above, the distinction between art and science. “Museum” was the name given to an institution imagined at the beginning of the techno- scientific revolution, when the idea of a Knowledge Society was just taking shape. This museum did not exist and it still does not exist. It was in fact a “virtual museum”, the search but also the need for a different or new media, with one leg in the academic world, in R&D laboratories still bound to printed world, and one leg in the general public under the influenced of mass media, of TV in particular. The concept of this imagined museum was valid and already well-formed. As a media, the virtual museum has the following characters:

- It is “non-distant”:

. an environment, not a “spectacle” transmitted by a media;

. it was an immersive environment: people are not in front of a screen or a scene, they were “on stage”, “hands on”.

- It is a learning environment made for visitors, not for spectators. A visitor moves within this environment; he or she does not sit in a sort of theater in front of a stage or a screen where action is represented. The learning experience provided by this kind of museum affects all senses. It associates different sources of information and different cognitive interactions, all taking place within an exhibition.

An exhibition is an environment built for the purpose of providing to the public a multi-sensory experience with cognitive outcomes.

- It develops a specific type of learning. This conception and practice of learning is not based on reading texts but on exploring and decoding an immersive environment made of signs.

- A virtual museum provides informal learning. The signs constituting such an environment cannot be completely decoded by any visitor. Incomplete or open decoding is part of this learning experience often named “intuitive” or “affective”.

The visitor circulates within an exhibition according to her or his own preconceptions². But the structure of the exhibition is designed to interact with these preconceptions in order to change or rectify them. This

2 I follow the main contribution of museum studies, especially the work of Chandler Scriven.

(34)

᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆෳടဳⅣႺࠍត⚝ߒޔ⸃⺒ߔࠆߎߣࠍၮᧄߣߒ߹ߔޕ

غ ࡃ࡯࠴ࡖ࡞ඳ‛㙚ߪᒻᑼߦߣࠄࠊࠇߥ޿ቇ⠌ࠍឭଏߔࠆޕߎ߁ߒߚⅣႺࠍ᭴ᚑߔࠆ⸥ภࠍޔ޿߆ߥࠆ

⸰໧⠪߽ቢోߦ⸃⺒ߔࠆߎߣߪߢ߈߹ߖࠎޕ⸃⺒߇ਇቢోߦ⚳ࠊߞߡ߽ޔ଻⇐⁁ᘒߦߥߞߡ߽ޔߘࠇ ߪቇ⠌⚻㛎ߩ৻ㇱߢ޽ࠅޔߒ߫ߒ߫ޟ⋥ᗵ⊛ޠ߹ߚߪޟᗵᖱ⊛ޠ⚻㛎ߣ๭߫ࠇ߹ߔޕ

غ ⸰໧⠪ߪዷ␜ߩਛࠍ⥄ಽߩ੐೨ߩᗐቯߦᓥߞߡ࿁ࠅ߹ߔޕߒ߆ߒޔዷ␜ߩ᭴ㅧߪޔ⸰໧⠪ߩ੐೨ᗐቯ ߣߩ㑆ߢ⋧੕૞↪ࠍ⿠ߎߔࠃ߁ߦ⸳⸘ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅޔߎߩ⋧੕૞↪ࠍㅢߓߡ⸰໧⠪ߪ੐೨ᗐቯࠍᄌᦝߒ ߚࠅୃᱜߒߚࠅߒ߹ߔޕ੐೨ᗐቯߩ⺋ࠅࠍ⍮ࠅޔౣ᭴▽ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅޔቢోߥቇ⠌ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ߇ᚑ┙

ߒ߹ߔޕߘߩၮḰߪએਅߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆޕ

غ ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ߇⋧੕૞↪⊛ߢ޽ࠆߎߣޕ㔚ሶࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߩవ㚟ߌߣߥߞߚශ೚ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕ߿࠹࡟ࡆߪޟฃേ⊛

ᇦ૕ޠߩ߹߹ߢߒߚޕߎࠇߪޔ૗߆ࠍߔࠆߎߣޔⴕേߒ෻ᔕߔࠆߎߣޔࡕ࠺࡞ࠍᮨ୮ߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦߘ ߩࡕ࠺࡞ࠍਈ߃ࠄࠇߚ⁁ᴫߦㆡᔕߐߖࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ․ᓽઃߌࠄࠇࠆᒻᑼߦߣࠄࠊࠇߥ޿ᣣᏱ⚻㛎ߦ ࠃࠆቇ⠌ߣ߹ߞߚߊ⇣ߥࠆ߽ߩߢߔޕ⋧੕૞↪ᕈߪޔ૞ࠄࠇߚⅣႺߩਛߢߩታ↢ᵴߦ߅ߌࠆቇ⠌ⴕേ

ߩⶄ⵾޽ࠆ޿ߪࡕ࠺࡞ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿߹ߔޕ

غ ⋧੕૞↪ᕈߪޔᐕ㦂ጀޔᢎ⢒࡟ࡌ࡞ޔ⢻ജ࡟ࡌ࡞ࠍ⿧߃ߡޔ୘ੱߦ޽ࠊߖߚቇ⠌ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍ૞ࠅ಴ߔޕ ᵴሼᇦ૕߿࠹࡟ࡆߪหߓᢥᦠࠍ⺕ߦߢ߽ឭଏߔࠆ߶߆ޔ⇣ߥࠆᢥᦠࠍ㧔ቇᩞޔᢎቶߩ㧕ㆬ߫ࠇߚࠣ࡞

࡯ࡊߦឭଏߒ߹ߔޕ⋧੕૞↪ᕈߣ୘೎ൻߪޔᢥᦠ⥄૕ߩਛߦ޽ࠄ߆ߓ߼⚵ߺㄟ߹ࠇߡ߅ࠅޔᢥᦠࠍવ

㆐ߔࠆᛛⴚߦࠃߞߡᵴᕈൻߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔޕ

ޟෳടဳߢ޽ࠆߎߣޠޟᒻᑼߦߣࠄࠊࠇߥ޿ߎߣޠޟ⋧੕૞↪߇޽ࠆߎߣޠޟ୘೎ൻߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣޠޟࡃ࡯

࠴ࡖ࡞ߢ޽ࠆߎߣޠߪޔࡃ࡯࠴ࡖ࡞࡮ࡒࡘ࡯ࠫࠕࡓߩ᭎ᔨࠍ᭴ᚑߔࠆ ߟߩਥⷐߥ․ᓽߢ޽ࠆޕ ᐕઍએ

᧪⋓ࠎߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆࡒࡘ࡯ࠫࠕࡓ⎇ⓥߪޔᢎ⢒ᔃℂቇߦ↱᧪ߔࠆޟᖱႎવ㆐ޠߣޟേᯏߠߌޠࠍ඙೎ߔࠆ⠨

߃ᣇࠍዉ౉ߒ߹ߒߚޕᖱႎવ㆐ߣേᯏߠߌߪޔ޽ࠄࠁࠆቇ⠌ᚢ⇛ߦ౒ㅢߩ ߟߩࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲ߢߔޕࡒࡘ࡯ࠫ

ࠕࡓߪᖱႎવ㆐ࠃࠅ߽േᯏߠߌߩ႐ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿߹ߔޕࡃ࡯࠴ࡖ࡞࡮ࡒࡘ࡯ࠫࠕࡓߪޔᖱႎࠍવ㆐ߔࠆߛ ߌߢߥߊޔേᯏߠߌ߽ߥߐࠇߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ߩߢߔޕ

㧚᭎ᔨߣࡕ࠺࡞

⃻ઍ਎⇇ߩᢥൻߪޔ࿑ᦠ㙚ߣࡒࡘ࡯ࠫࠕࡓߣ޿߁ ߟߩਥⷐ⚵❱ࠍゲߦߒߡ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔޕ ᐕઍ એ᧪ޔᣂߒ޿⑼ቇᛛⴚ਎⇇߇಴⃻ߔࠆਛߢޔ࿑ᦠ㙚ߣࡒࡘ࡯ࠫࠕࡓߪᣂߒ޿᭴ㅧࠍᜬߟᣂߒ޿⚵❱ߠߊࠅߦ 㑐ᔃࠍ㓸ਛߒᆎ߼ߚޕ⑳ߩಽᨆߢߪޔޟࡃ࡯࠴ࡖ࡞࡮ࡒࡘ࡯ࠫࠕࡓޠߪޔߎߩᣂߒ޿⚵❱ߩ᭎ᔨߢߔޕ␹ᄹᎹ ᄢቇߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߪޔޟࡃ࡯࠴ࡖ࡞࡮ࡒࡘ࡯ࠫࠕࡓޠߩ᭎ᔨࠍ೨ឭߣߒߡขࠅ౉ࠇߡ߅ࠅޔㇱಽ⊛ߣߪ޿߃ޔ ߎߩ᭎ᔨߩ⊒ዷࠍ࿑ߞߡ޿߹ߔޕⷐߔࠆߦޔ␹ᄹᎹᄢቇߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩᗧ࿑ߪޔޟᖱႎޠࠍ㓸߼ࠆߣߣ߽ߦ↢

ਥߣߒߡඳ‛㙚ቇߦ㑐ߔࠆነⓂᢥ₂ޔ․ߦ࠴ࡖࡦ࠼࡜࡯㨯ࠬࠢ࡜ࠗࡧࠚࡦ %JCPFNGT5ETKXGP ߩ⎇ⓥࠍෳ⠨ߦߒߚޕ

ߎߎߢ޿߁ޟᢥᦠޠߩቯ⟵ߪޔᖱႎ߹ߚߪᣢሽߩࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߢ᭴▽ߐࠇߚޟ⾗ᢱޠޕޟᢥᦠޠߪޔߘߩᢥᦠߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆẜ

࿷⊛౏౒ᕈߦᔕߓߡቯ⟵ߐࠇࠆޕ

࿑௝࡮᳃ౕ࡮᥊ⷰ 㕖ᢥሼ⾗ᢱ߆ࠄੱ㘃ᢥൻࠍ⺒ߺ⸃ߊ