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Characterization of bacteria associated with lichens found in cold environment Faluaburu M Sailonga

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Characterization of bacteria associated with lichens found in cold environment

Faluaburu M Sailonga

1

, Katsuhiko Kashihara

1

, Satoshi Imura

2

, Takeshi Naganuma

1

1

Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University (Hiroshima U)

2

National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR)

There are about one-fifth of all known fungal species which form symbiotic associations with green algae, cyanobacteria or with both photobionts. The photobionts get protection and moisture from the fungi, and in return the photobionts provide the fungi photosynthetic carbohydrates for its nutrition. These symbiotic life forms known as lichenized fungi or the ‘lichens’ are globally distributed, extending from the tropics to the Polar Regions. Recent studies suggest that non-photosynthetic bacteria may be an additional “third symbiont” component to the lichen symbiosis. Although there are few studies on species composition of bacteria-associated with lichens, bacterial-species composition of particular lichen species found in cold environments are still poorly understood.

To understand the lichen-association of fungi, algae or cyanobacteria and the non-photosynthetic bacteria,

18S/16S rRNA gene sequences were compared among rock-dwelling lichens which were earlier morpho-

typed as genus Umbilicaria. The lichen specimens were collected from ice-free areas near Syowa Station,

East Antarctica, at 5109 m Rwenzori Mountains, Uganda and at Spitsbergen, Artic. Bacterial 16S rRNA

sequences showing >98.65% similarities were grouped into “phylotype” and carried BLASTN search to

get closest similar microorganism on respective phylotypes. The eukaryotic 18S rNA gene sequences by

BLASTN search revealed fungal and algal component were affiliated with fungus Umbilicaria yunnana

(rock tripe) and green alga Trebouxia asymmetrica respectively. The lichen associated bacterial 16S

rRNA gene sequences’ phylotypes were found to be highly diverse and variable. Bacterial sequence

assembly was dominated by phylotypes affiliated with Bacteriodetes (28%) and Proteobacteria (27%)

phyla, particularly alphaproteobacteria followed closely by Sphingobacteriia and Cytophagia. At genus

taxonomy, phylotypes affiliated to Hymenobacter dominates the sequences assembly. Antarctica’s and

Artic’s lichen associated bacterial composition are generally diverse and variable compared to the

temperate lichen-bacterial composition found at Rwensori Mountains, Uganda’s.

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