ー研究論文一
Scientific PaperUltrastructure of photo‑sensory cells and pigment epithelium in the retina of the Antarctic fish
Notothenia neglecta Nybelin (Nototheniidae)
Lucelia Donatti1 and Edith Fanta2
南極産の魚
Notothenianeglecta Nybelin(ノトセニア科)
網膜の光受容細胞と色素上皮の微細構造
Lucelia Donatti1 and Edith Fanta2
要旨: 南極産の魚
Notothenianeglectaはキングジョージ島,アドミラルティ 湾の生息域では優先的に出現する魚である.本種は捕食者であり,しばしば,正 確な視覚を用いた待ち伏せ採餌を行う.そこで網膜の光受容細胞と色素上皮の 微細構造を電子顕微鏡を用いて解析することとした.網膜には色素上皮と梓 体,短い独立型錐体,長い独立型錐体,不等双子型錐体,三子型錐体の
5種の 光受容細胞とニューロン,支持細胞が存在する.色素上皮はたたみ込まれた基 底膜,基底ミトコンドリア,平滑な網状体,大量の微小管,メラニン顆粒,食 作用胞,光受容細胞の剥離膜で特徴づけられている.錐体には外節の二重膜状 板,楕円体・筋様体の副錐体,連結繊毛,微絨毛が,楕円体中には中心小体,そ して筋様体・楕円体域には掌状筋様体, ミューラー細胞の頂上微絨毛が存在す る.これら総ての状態は, N .n
eglectaに環境の光条件の変化に対するあらゆる 種類の適応を可能にし, N .n
egfectaを,水平,垂直方向に調整可能な
10層に配 置された細胞を持つという,複雑な網膜を備える魚類の 1 種としている.この ことが,周年,充分な視覚による行動と餌と環境との認知を可能にしているの である.
Abstract: The Antarctic nototheniid Notothenia neglecta is the dominant fish m its habitat in Admiralty Bay, King George Island. They are predators, often ambush feeders, with accurate visual behaviour. For that reason, the ultra‑ structure of retinal photoreceptive cells and the pigment epithelium was analysed through electron microscopy. Their retina has a pigment epithelium, five different photoreceptors: rods, short single, long single, double, and triple cones
、and
neurones and support cells. The pigment epithelium is characterised by infold‑ ings of the basal membrane, basal mitochondria, smooth reticule, large amount of microtubules, melanin granules, phagosomes and detached membranes of photor‑ eceptors. Cones show bimembranous discs in the outer segment, an accessory outer segment、
aconnecting cilium, calycal processes, microtubules in the inferior ellipsoid and myoid, centrioles in the ellipsoid, interdigitating myoid fins and1Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste, Departamento de Ciencias Biol6gicas, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil.
2U FPR, Departamento de Bio logia Celular, Caixa Postal 19031. 8 I 531‑970 Curitiba, PR, Brasil. e‑mail: e.fanta@terra.com.br
南極資料
Vol.45, No. 3, 297‑310, 2001Nankyoku Shiryo (Antarctic Record), Vol. 45, No. 3, 297‑310, 2001
298 L. Donatti and E. Fanta
apical microvilli of MUiler cells in the myoid and ellipsoid region. All these features allow all sorts of adaptations to the environmental photic variations, and situate
N .
neglecta among fish with a complex retina, with cells that are arranged in ten layers, allowing horizontal and vertical integration among them. This allows optimal visual behaviour and perception of food and environment in every Antarctic season1. Introduction
Among the sensory systems, vision has a major role for fish that live in the photic region of the ocean. Several studies associate visual capacity with morphology and behavioural ecology in Antarctic fish (Eastman, 1988, 1993; Fanta et al., 1994, 1999, 2001; Grotzner and Fanta, 1998; Macdonald and Montgomery, 1991; Meyer‑Rochow and
Klyne, 1982; Pankhurst and Montgomery, 1989).
Notothenia neglecta is a circumpolar demersal coastal species (DeWitt, 1971; Fischer and Hureau, 1985; Kock, 1989), frequently observed in middle of algae or in shelter (Burchett et al., 1983; Daniels, 1982; Daniels and Lipps, I 982; Moreno and Zamorano, 1980). It is basically an ambush feeder that eventually feeds on the water column (Daniels, 1982; Moreno and Zamorano, 1980). Because it selects the food actively (Barrera‑Oro and Casaux 1990; Fanta, 1999; Fanta and Meyer, 1998
、 ;
Rios and Fanta, 1998), N. neglecta has prominent eyes, great interorbital distance, capacity of independent fast eye movements, and several different cones and rods (Fischer and Hureau, 1985; Grotzner and Fanta, 1998).The structural analysis of the retina in some Nototheniidae suggests that there are no retinal adaptations that are specific for fish that live in shallow waters, or for vision in low light levels (Eastman, 1988; Meyer‑Rochow and Klyne, 1982), but that there is considerable interspecific variation in the relative number of visual cells and some morphological features (Ali and Anctil, 1976; Eastman, 1988; Grotzner and Fa
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1998).The aim of this study was to analyse the ultrastructure of the pigment epithelium, and of cones and rods, to evaluate which structural features could explain the great ability that N. neglecta has to survive in different environments, and to detect and select varied food items, year‑round.
2. Materials and methods
N neglecta were collected in Admiralty Bay (King George Island, South Shetlands) with trammel nets, from 20 m depth. They were identified as N neglecta Nybelin, 1951, according to Fischer and H ureau (1985), being considered different from N. coriiceps Richardson, 1844, which are also present in the bay (Fanta et al., 2000). At the Brazilian Antarctic Station Comandante Ferraz, some healthy adult individ
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sof mean standard length 38.4 cm (33.7‑47.2 cm) were selected and sacrificed, and the retina dissected out for morphological studies.For transmission electron microscopy, the retina was cut in small pieces and fixed at 4