⇃ᮏ┴ඵ௦ᕷࡢᪧ⸃ᦶ⾤㐨ἢ࠸ᘓࡘᑎ㝔ࠊ
Ύബᑎすᯘᑎࡢᘓ⠏ⓗ≉ᚩࡘ࠸࡚
‶ ⍞ᮥ
1᳃ᒣ Ꮫ
2,*On the Architectural Characteristics of Seiden-ji Temple and Sairin-ji Temple
along the Old Satsuma-kaido in Yatsushiro-City
Mizuki Mitsumaru1, Manabu Moriyama2,*
The purpose of this paper is to clarify the architectural characteristics of Seiden-ji Temple and Sairin-ji Temple along the Old Satsuma-kaido in Yatsushiro-city, Kumamoto prefecture. We carried out a mesured survey and a hearing survey for these temples, and made each present drawing.
The main hall of Seiden-ji Temple was rebuilt in about 1772-81 or about 1806. The plan is a model of the Jodo Shin sect of Buddhism. The roof is ‘shikoro-yane’ roof which is a characteristic of the temples of the Edo era after 1668.
The main hall of Sairin-ji Temple was built in 1933. It is asymmetry and stands in a row with ‘zashiki’. The plan resembles a hermit's cell of the Edo era.
࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸㏆ୡᑎ㝔ࠊ㏆௦ᑎ㝔ࠊඵ௦ᕷࠊ⸃ᦶ⾤㐨ࠊࡋࡇࢁᒇ᰿
.H\ZRUGV㸸Early modern times temple, modern times temple, Yatsushiro-city, the Satsuma-kaido, ‘shikoro-yane’ roof
㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ
ᪧ⾤㐨➽ࡣࠊ୍⯡ⓗྂࡃࡽ⏫ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ ࡾࠊࡑࡢ⏫ࡣᑎ㝔ࡸᗡᐊࡶࡲࡓᘓタࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠊ⪃࠼ ࡽࢀࡿࠋඵ௦ᕷࡢᪧ⸃ᦶ⾤㐨ἢ࠸ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊᯇỤཱྀ␒ᡤࡽ 㔛ᮌ㎶ࡾࡢ㛫9 ௳ࡢᑎ㝔ࡀᘓࡕ୪ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢ9 ௳ࡢ࠺ࡕ 4 ௳ࡢᑎ㝔ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊḟ❶ࡢ࠾ࡾ᪤ ◊✲ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋṧࡾࡢᮍㄪᰝศࡢ࠺ࡕࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣΎബᑎࠊ すᯘᑎࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡋࠊࡑࡢᘓ⠏ⓗ≉ᚩࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࠋ ࡉࡽ᮶Ṕᘓ⠏ⓗ≉ᚩࡽ⸃ᦶ⾤㐨➽ඹ㏻ࡍࡿ≉ᛶ ࢆ᥎ᐹࡍࡿࠋ ㄪᰝ᪉ἲࡣᩥ⊩ㄪᰝࠊࣄࣜࣥࢢㄪᰝࠊᐇ ㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗ ࡓࠋ⌧ᆅㄪᰝࡢ᪥⛬ࡣ⾲㸯ࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ඵ௦ᕷࡢᑎ㝔㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣᩥ⊩㸦1㸧ࠊ㸦2㸧࠾࠸࡚ᜳⓙⓗ ㄪᰝࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋΎബᑎࠊすᯘᑎ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ ࡲࡔᮍㄪᰝ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⸃ᦶ⾤㐨╔┠ࡋࡓ◊✲ࡶ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ ࡞࠸ࠋ ⾲1 ⌧ᆅㄪᰝ᪥ Ύബᑎ すᯘᑎ 1 ḟㄪᰝ ᖹᡂ30 ᖺ 5 ᭶ 25 ᪥ ᐇ ㄪᰝ ࣄࣜࣥࢢㄪᰝ ᖹᡂ30 ᖺ 10 ᭶ 24 ᪥ࠊ 12 ᭶ 5 ᪥ ᖹᡂ30 ᖺ 11 ᭶ 1 ᪥ࠊ 12 ᭶ 7 ᪥㸰㸬⸃ᦶ⾤㐨⾤㐨ἢ࠸ࡢᑎ㝔
ඵ௦ࢆ⤒⏤ࡍࡿỤᡞ௦ࡢᮏ⾤㐨ࠊ⇃ᮏ㹼ඵ௦㹼㮵ඣ ᓥࢆ㏻ࡿ⸃ᦶ⾤㐨ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᖹᏳ௦ࡣ⟃ᚋࡽ⸃ᦶࢆ⤖ ࢇࡔᑠ㊰࡛ࠊ⾤㐨ἢ࠸㥐ᐙࡀ⨨ࢀࠊྂࡃࡽ⏫ࡀᙧᡂ ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡇࢀࡀỤᡞ௦⦅ᡂࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡀ⸃ᦶ⾤㐨 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⸃ᦶ⾤㐨ࡣࠊᒣࡢ㯄ࡢྂ࠸㐨Ụᡞ௦ึᮇᖸᣅࡋࡓ ᪂ᆅࡢሐ㜵ୖࡢ㐨ࢆ㐃ࡡࡿࠋ≉ඖ8 ᖺ㸦1622㸧ࠊඵ௦ᯇ Ụᇛࡑࡢᇛୗ⏫ࡀᘓタࡉࢀࡓࡇࡼࡾࠊ⾤㐨ࡣᇛୗ⏫ ࢆ㏻㐣ࡍࡿࡼ࠺⦅ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࡑࡢ⤒㊰ࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⌧ᅾࡢඵ௦ᕷ㝈ࡗ࡚ࡳ ࡿࠊࡲࡎ㔛ᮌࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㔛ᮌ㏆ᒸᑠ㊰࣭ᒸ୰ ᮧࠊࡑࡢඛᒸ㇂ᕝ࣭⯆ၿᑎ࣭ᮾᕝ⏣࣭すᕝ⏣࣭∦㔝ᕝ ࠊᒣࡢ㯄ࡢྂ࠸㐨ࢆ㏻ࡿࠋ ⾤㐨ࡣࡇࡇࡽᖹ㔝㒊ࡢ⌫☻ᕝཱྀࢹࣝࢱᆅᖏධࡾࠊ⌧ ᮾ∦⏫ࡢᕪⅬࢆすᕷ⾤ᆅ᪉㠃㐍ࡴࠋୖ∦㔝ᕝࡢ༑㔛 ᮌࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ୰∦㔝ᕝ࣭ୗ∦㔝ᕝ࣭㛗⏣࣭ୖ᪥⨨ᮧࠊỈ↓ᕝ ࢆΏࡾฟ⏫ࢆ㏻ࡗ࡚ࠊᯇỤཱྀ␒ᡤࡽᇛୗ⏫ධࡾࠊඵ௦ ⏫ᮐࣀ㎷༑୍㔛ᮌࠊᖹᒣ༑㔛ᮌࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦3㸧ࠋ 1 㕲ᕤᴗᰴᘧ♫ ࠛ800-0007 ⚟ᒸ┴ᕞᕷ㛛ྖ༊ᑠ᳃Ụ 3 ┠ 12 ␒ 10 ྕ KYUTETSU CO., LTD.,3-12-10 Komorie, Moji-ku, Kitakyusyu-shi, Fukuoka, Japan 800-0007
2 ⏕⏘ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᕤᏛ⣔
ࠛ866-8501 ⇃ᮏ┴ඵ௦ᕷᖹᒣ᪂⏫ 2627 Faculty of Production Systems Engineering,
2627 Hirayama-Shinmachi, Yatsushiro-shi, Kumamoto, Japan 866-8501
* Corresponding author:
E-mail address: [email protected] (M. Moriyama).
⇃ᮏ┴ඵ௦ᕷࡢᪧ⸃ᦶ⾤㐨ἢ࠸ᘓࡘᑎ㝔ࠊΎബᑎすᯘᑎࡢᘓ⠏ⓗ≉ᚩࡘ࠸࡚㸦‶⍞ᮥ࣭᳃ᒣᏛ㸧 ⣽ᕝᩧᶞᖸᣅ᪂ᆅぢศᅗ㸦ᅗ1ࠊᩥᨻ 7 ᖺ㸦1824㸧㸧ࢆぢ ࡚ࡶࠕᒸ୰ᮧࠖࠊࠕୖ∦ࣀᕝࠖྛࠎࡢ㏆ࡃࠕࣜᮌࠖࠊࠕ༑ ࣜᮌࠖグ㏙ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ☜ㄆฟ᮶ࡿࠋ ࡕ࡞ࡳ㔛ᩘᮌࡣ⇃ᮏ᪂⏫ࢆ㉳Ⅼࠊࡑࡢ㊥㞳ࢆᩘ࠼ࡿ ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㏻ࡢせ⾪ࡋ࡚ⓎᒎࡋⲔᗑ࡞ࡶᘓࡕ୪ࢇ ࡔࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢ⾤㐨➽ࡢᑎ㝔ࢆᣲࡆࡿ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋᒸᑠ㊰ ᮧࠊᒸ୰ᮧ㸦⌧࣭ᒸ⏫㸧ྛࠎࠊἲ㍯ᑎ⋢Ἠᑎࠊ⯆ၿᑎ ᅗ1 ⣽ᕝᩧᶞᖸᣅ᪂ᆅぢศᅗ㸦༑㔛ᮌ㏆㸧 㸦ᩥᨻ7 ᖺ㸦1824㸧㸪ඵ௦ᕷ❧༤≀㤋ᡤⶶ㸧 ᅗ2 Ύബᑎᮏᇽ㸦ᖹᡂ 30 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 5 ᪥ᙳ㸧 ᅗ3 すᯘᑎᮏᇽ㸦ᖹᡂ 30 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 7 ᪥ᙳ㸧 ⾲2 ඵ௦ᕷࡢᪧ⸃ᦶ⾤㐨ἢ࠸ࡢᑎ㝔୍ぴ ᑎ㝔ྡ ࠓ᐀ὴࠔ ⌧ᅾᆅ࡛ࡢᘓ࣭⛣ ㌿࣭⯆ᖺ ᮏᇽ㸦୰ᚰᇽᏱ㸧 ࡢᘓタᖺ ᪤ ◊✲ እほ ἲ㍯ᑎ ࠓᮏ㢪ᑎὴࠔ ᐶỌඖ㸦1624㸧 ᘓ ᐆᬺ9㸦1759㸧 ᩥ⊩4, 5 ᅗ4 ⋢Ἠᑎ ࠓ⮫῭᐀ࠔ ᘏᐆ5㸦1677㸧㹼 ඖ⚘11㸦1698㸧 ୰⯆ ኳಖ5㸦1834㸧 ᩥ⊩ 6 ᅗ 5 ගཝᑎ ࠓᮏ㢪ᑎὴࠔ ᐶỌ17㸦1640㸧 ⛣㌿ ᮍㄪᰝ ᅗ6 ᫂ゝ㝔 㸦ᪧ⯆ၿᑎ㸧 ࠓ┿ゝ᐀ࠔ ⴙ2㸦1659㸧 ⯆ 51㸦1976㸧 ᅗ7 ∦ᐑ࣭⸆ᖌᇽ 㸦ᪧᡂ㢪ᑎ㸧 ࠓ┿ゝ᐀ࠔ ඖ⚘7㸦1694㸧 ⯆ ᩥᨻ3㸦1820㸧 ᩥ⊩ 7 ᅗ 8 Ύബᑎ ࠓ㇂ὴࠔ ᐶᩥ6㸦1666㸧 ᘓ ᏳỌᖺ㛫ࡲࡓࡣ ᩥ3㸦1806㸧㡭 ᅗ2 すᯘᑎ ࠓ㇂ὴࠔ ᐶᩥᮎࡲࡓࡣ ᐶᩥ2㸦1662㸧⯆ 8㸦1933㸧 ᅗ3 ගᚨᑎ ࠓ㇂ὴࠔ ᐶᩥඖ㸦1661㸧 ⛣㌿ ኳಖ4㸦1833㸧 ᩥ⊩ 3 ᅗ 9 ᅗ4 ἲ㍯ᑎᮏᇽ ᅗ 5 ⋢ἨᑎẊ 㸦ᖹᡂ23 ᖺ 10 ᭶ 28 ᪥ᙳ㸧㸦ᖹᡂ 23 ᖺ 10 ᭶ 28 ᪥ᙳ㸧 ᅗ6 ගཝᑎᮏᇽ ᅗ 7 ᫂ゝ㝔ᩥ㈈ⶶᗜ 㸦ᖹᡂ28 ᖺ 5 ᭶ 8 ᪥ᙳ㸧 㸦ᖹᡂ 23 ᖺ 10 ᭶ 26 ᪥ᙳ㸧 ᅗ8 ⸆ᖌᇽ ᅗ 9 ගᚨᑎᮏᇽ 㸦ᖹᡂ28 ᖺ 9 ᭶ 23 ᪥ᙳ㸧 㸦ᖹᡂ 25 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 4 ᪥ᙳ㸧 㸦⌧࣭⯆ၿᑎ⏫㸧ගཝᑎࠊ᫂ゝ㝔㸦ᪧ⯆ၿᑎ㸧ࠊ∦㔝ᕝ 㸦⌧࣭ᮾ∦⏫㸧᪉ᐑ࣭⸆ᖌᇽ㸦ᪧᡂ㢪ᑎ㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡉࡽᮏ◊✲࡛ㄪᰝࡋࡓΎബᑎ㸦ᅗ2㸧ࡀୖ∦㔝ᕝ㸦⌧࣭ ୖ∦⏫㸧ࠊすᯘᑎ㸦ᅗ3㸧ࡀ୰∦㔝ᕝ㸦⌧࣭୰∦⏫㸧⨨ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋฟ⏫㸦⌧࣭ฟ⏫㸧ࡢᯇỤཱྀ␒ᡤ㏆ගᚨᑎࡀ ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽᑎ㝔ࡢ୍ぴࡣ⾲2 ࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸱㸬Ύബᑎ
᮶Ṕ Ύബᑎࡢᒣྕࡣ㧗㱟ᒣࠊ᐀ὴࡣίᅵ┿᐀㇂ὴ࡛ࠊඵ௦ ᕷୖ∦⏫⨨ࡍࡿࠋ ࠕΎബᑎ⦕㉳ࠖ㸦8㸧ࡼࢀࡤṇᖹᖺ㛫㸦1346㹼70㸧ࠊஂ␃ ⡿ᇛ࣭᭷㤿⋞␒㢌ࡼࡗ࡚ᘓ❧ࡉࢀࡓࡢࡀጞࡲࡾࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㡭ࡣ༡ᮅ௦࠶ࡓࡾࠊ༡ᮅ᪉ࡢᚁすᑗ㌷࣭ Ⰻぶ⋤ࡀ⋡࠸ࡿᚁすᗓࡀඵ௦ࡽᐓᗓᨷࡋᤸᥱࡋ ࡓᮇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᭷㤿⋞␒㢌ࡣࠊࡑࡢᚋࠊᚁすᗓࡀᐓᗓ ࡽඵ௦ᚋ㏥ࡍࡿ㝿ࠊࡇࢀᚑࡗࡓఏ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ඵ௦ᕞ᭱ᚋࡢᚁすᗓࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀࡓࡢࡣඖ୰8 ᖺ㸦1391㸧 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣄࣜࣥࢢࡼࢀࡤࠊⰋぶ⋤ࡢ㏽ཤ㸦ᘯ3 ᖺ㸦1383㸧㸧 ࡲࡓࡣ༡ᮅྜ୍㸦ඖ୰9 ᖺ㸦1392㸧㸧ࢆዎᶵࠊඵ௦ ࢝ᑎࡀᘓࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࡢࡦࡘࡀΎബᑎ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡋࡋ᭷㤿ᐙࡀஂ␃⡿ධᑒࡍࡿࡢࡣඖ7 ᖺ㸦1621㸧 ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡽࠊᖺ௦▩┪ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࠕඵ௦㒆 ㄅࠖ㸦9㸧࡛ࡣࡇࢀࢆࠕఏㄝࠖࡋ࡚ࡢࡳ⤂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕΎബᑎ⦕㉳ࠖ㸦8㸧࡛ࡣࡉࡽࠊඖ᮶ࡣ㔘㏑㝔ᮎᑎࡢኳྎ ᐀࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊኳṇ17 ᖺ㸦1589㸧ίᅵ┿᐀ᨵ᐀ࡋࠊί ᚰἲᖌࡢ㛤ᇶࡼࡾᘓࡉࢀࡓ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ ᘓࡣࠊᑠす⾜㛗ࡢ↝ࡁウࡕᚋࡢᘓࢆពࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡋࡋࠊᑠすࡢධ㒊㸦ኳṇ16 ᖺ㸦1588㸧㸧ᚋ↝ࡁウࡕࡉ ࢀࡓࡍࢀࡤࠊ⯆ࡣᑠす⤫௦ࡀ⤊ࢃࡗࡓ࠶࡞ࡿ ࡁ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡇࡶ▩┪ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ୍᪉ࠕ⫧ᚋᅧㄅࠖ㸦10㸧࡛ࡣࠊᐶᩥ6 ᖺ㸦1666㸧ᝋࡀᑎ ྕࢆཷࡅᘓࡋࡓグࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢᖺ௦ࡣࠊࡍ࡛᪂ᑎ ࡢᘓ❧ࡀ⚗Ṇࡉࢀ㸦ᐶỌ8 ᖺ㸦1631㸧㸧ࠊᮏᮎไᗘࠊ᷄ᐙไ ᗘࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀࡓ௦࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࢆ⥲ྜࡋุ࡚᩿ࡍࢀࡤࠊ᷄ᐙࢆᢪ࠼ࡿίᅵ┿᐀ᑎ 㝔ࡋ࡚ࠊṇᖹᖺ㛫㐳ࡿྂ㊧ࢆάࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡓࡕࢆ ࡗ࡚ࠊᐶᩥ6 ᖺ㸦1666㸧ᘓࡀᅗࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ᥎ᐃ࡛ ࡁࡿࠋ ࡑࡢᚋࠊ➨10 ୡᕑᒣࡢ㸦ࠕΎബᑎ⦕㉳ࠖ㸦8㸧࡛ࡣᏳỌᖺ 㛫㸦1772㹼81㸧ࠊࠕ⫧ᚋᅧㄅࠖ㸦10㸧࡛ࡣᩥ3 ᖺ㸦1806㸧㸧 ⅆ⅏࠶࠸ࠊグ㘓ࡶࡇࡢ㝿↝ኻࡍࡿࠋ ⌧ᅾࡢᮏᇽࡣࡇࡢ↝ኻᚋࡢᘓ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ㏆ᖺࡢᨵಟࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ63㹼ᖹᡂඖᖺ㸦1988㹼89㸧 ෆ㒊ᨵಟࡀࠊᖹᡂ22 ᖺ㸦2010㸧እ㒊ᨵಟࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ❧ᆅ㸦ᅗ10㸧 ༑㔛ᮌ㊧ࡢᕪⅬࡽᪧ⸃ᦶ⾤㐨ࢆᮾ⣙ 230mࠊ༡ഃ ᩳࡵධࡿ㐨㊰ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣᅗ1 ࡛ࡕࡻ࠺ࠕୖ∦ࣀ ᕝࠖグ㏙ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㞟ⴠࡢ⨨࠶ࡓࡿࠋ ࡇࡇࡣኴ⏣ᡭࡀ⸃ᦶ⾤㐨ᕪࡍࡿ⨨࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ㏻ࡢせ⾪⏝Ỉ㊰᥋ࡍࡿ㔜せ࡞㞟ⴠ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇࡀண ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ቃෆࡣࡇࡢ㐨㊰ࡢすഃ⨨ࡋࠊࡇࡢ㐨㊰㛛ࢆ㛤ࡃࠋ 㛛ࡶᮏᇽࡶ༡ᮾྥࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢྥࡁࡣࠊᮏᑛ࡛࠶ࡿ㜿ᘺ 㝀ዴ᮶ࡢす᪉ίᅵࡶྜ⮴ࡍࡿࠋ ᅗ10 Ύബᑎࡢ࿘㎶ᅗ 㸦ࢮࣥࣜࣥ㟁ᏊఫᏯᆅᅗࢹࢪࢱ࢘ࣥඵ௦ᕷ1 ඵ௦ࠊᰴᘧ ♫ࢮࣥࣜࣥ㸦2011.12㸧➹⪅ࡀຍ➹㸧 ᅗ11 Ύബᑎᮏᇽ ᐇ ᖹ㠃ᅗ ࡲࡓࡇࡢ㞟ⴠࡣ㧗ྲྀୖࡢᒣྂቡࡸ㨣ࡢᒾᒇྂቡ⩌ࡀⅬ ᅾࡍࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ㧗ྲྀୖࡢᒣྂቡࡣቃෆࡢ⫼ᚋ⨨ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ⌧≧㸦ᅗ11㸧 ቃෆෆࡣᮏᇽྑᗜࠊᕥࡣ㕲➽ࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣜࢺ㐀ࡢ⣡ 㦵ᇽࡀ㞄᥋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᮏᇽࡣᰕ㛫ࡢᩘ࡛ࠊ᱆⾜5 㛫ᱱ㛫 6 㛫࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᒇ᰿ࡣࡋࡇࢁᒇ᰿࡛ࠊᐤᲷ㐀ᖹධࡢྥᣏࡁࠊᮏ⎰ⵌࡁ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᖹᡂ22 ᖺ㸦2010㸧ࡢᨵಟࡢᆶᮌࢆ࠼ࠊ⎰ࢆ ⵌࡁ᭰࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᑠᒇ⤌ࡣࡑࡢࡲࡲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡇࢁᒇ᰿ ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡽࠊᱱ㛫つไ࡛࠶ࡿᐶᩥඵᖺ௧㸦ᐶᩥ 8 ᖺ 㸦1668㸧㸧㸦11㸧ࡢつไࡢୗ࡛ᘓタࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀศࡾࠊ ࡇࡢⅬࡽࡶඛࡢᘓᖺࡣጇᙜ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ 㛫ྲྀࡾࢆぢࡿධഃ⦕ࠊእ㝕ࠊᰙෆࠊෆ㝕࣭వ㛫࡛ᵓᡂ ࡋࠊ๓㠃ᗈ⦕ࡀࡘࡃࠋධഃ⦕ᰙෆࡢᱱ㛫ࡀ1 㛫ࠊእ㝕⇃ᮏ┴ඵ௦ᕷࡢᪧ⸃ᦶ⾤㐨ἢ࠸ᘓࡘᑎ㝔ࠊΎബᑎすᯘᑎࡢᘓ⠏ⓗ≉ᚩࡘ࠸࡚㸦‶⍞ᮥ࣭᳃ᒣᏛ㸧 ෆ㝕ࡢᱱ㛫ࡀ2 㛫࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢ࠺ࡕᰙෆ㸦ᅗ12㸧ࡣίᅵ┿᐀ᑎ㝔ࡢᆺⓗ࡞㛫ྲྀࡾ ࢆ♧ࡍࠋᰙෆቃࡣ୰ᰕࢆ❧࡚↓┠ᩜᒃࡋࠊ୰ኸ㛫⬥ 㛫ࡢቃ⏺ࡶ↓┠ᩜᒃࢆ㏻ࡍࠋ୰ᰕࡣ⤖⏺ࢆཷࡅࡿཷࡅ ᮦࡀタࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ྥᣏ㸦ᅗ13㸧ࡣྥᣏᱱࡢᮌ㰯ࢆ㞼ᩥࡢ㇟㰯ࠊࡘ࡞ࡂ ᱱࡢᮌ㰯ࢆᣙ㰯ࠊ⤌≀ࡣ㐃୕ᩯࡍࡿࠋྥᣏᱱࡢ୰ഛ࠼ ࡣᣙ㰯ࡘࡁࡢᖹ୕ᩯࡍࡿࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡢᕳᩯࡶ─ᩯࡘࡁ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋᡭᣳࡳࡣྑ⳥ⰼࠊᕥ∻ࡢ᙮้ࠊࡘ࡞ࡂᱱࡣᾏ ⪁ᱱࡍࡿࠋ ㌟⯋ṇ㠃ࡢഃᰕ➽࡛ࡣࠊ୰ኸࡢ2 ᮏࡢᰕᤄ⫝ᮌࠊ୰ഛ ࠼ᩯ⫝ᮌࡋࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡶ─ᩯࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࠋ୰ഛ࠼ࡢ ୗタࡅࡽࢀࡓ᮰ࡸ㛗ᢲࡣᚋ⿵࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ධഃ⦕ࠊእ㝕ࠊᰙෆࡢኳࡣ᱁ኳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ እ㝕ቃ㸦ᅗ14㸧ࡣᑠቨࢆࡘࡅࠊࡑࡢୖ᙮้ᯈᨭ㍯ࡍ ࡿࠋ⤌≀ࡣ⤮ᵝࡢᤄ⫝ᮌ࡛ᣙ㰯ࡘࡁࡢฟ⤌ࢆཷࡅࡿࠋ ᰙෆቃࡣࠊ୰ᰕࡢ⤌≀ᤄ⫝ᮌࠊ୰ഛ࠼ࡣྥᣏᱱྠ ࡌ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓእ㝕୰ኸ㛫⬥㛫ࡢቃࡢ୰ഛ࠼ࡣࡁ࡞ ⎼᮰➓ᙧ㸦ᅗ15㸧ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ෆ㝕ቃ㸦ᅗ16㸧ࡣࠊ㛗ᢲࡢୖ 63 ᖺ㸦1988㸧ᨵಟ ᪂ㄪࡋࡓ᙮้ḍ㛫ࠊᱱࡢୖྎ㍯ࠊ⤌≀ࠊࡉࡽ⺬ ⭡ᨭ㍯ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡚㔠⟩㈞ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋഃᰕෆ㝕ࡢ୧➃ ࡢᰕࡢ⤌≀ࡣᡭඛࡋࠊෆ㝕ࡢ୰ኸ2 ᮏࡢᰕࡢ⤌≀ࠊ వ㛫ࡢ୰ഛ࠼ࡣฟ⤌ࡍࡿࠋ ෆ㝕ෆ㒊ࡶ㔠⟩㈞ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋኳࡢࡳ⁽ሬࡾ࡛ࠊᢡୖᑠ ⤌᱁ኳࡍࡿࠋኳࡣฟ⤌࡛ཷࡅࠊ⺬⭡ᨭ㍯ࢆタࡅࡿ㸦ᅗ 17㸧ࠋవ㛫ࡢኳࡣ᱁ኳࡔࡀࠊእ㝕➼ࡣ␗࡞ࡾࠊ᱁㛫ࢆ ⣲ᮌࠊ᱁⦕ࢆ⁽ሬࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋෆ㝕వ㛫ࡢቃࡣ㔜 ⳻⤌Ꮚࡢḍ㛫ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓᮏᇽࡢ3 㠃ࢆྲྀࡾᅖࡴࡼ࠺ఇ᠁ᐊࠊ᥍ᐊࡑࡋ࡚ࠕᚋ ᇽࠖࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽࡣᖹᡂ22 ᖺ㸦2010㸧ࡢቑ⠏࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢቑ⠏㒊ࡢ4 ⟠ᡤ㕲➽ࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣜࢺ㐀ࡢ⪏㟈ቨࢆᤄධ ࡋ⿵ᙉࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ㊧ཎ ࣄࣜࣥࢢࡼࢀࡤࠊ63 ᖺ㸦1988㸧ࡢᨵಟᗈ⦕ ࢆෆ㒊ྲྀࡾ㎸ࡳධഃ⦕ࡋࡓ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋධഃ⦕ ࡢ᱁ኳࡶࠊᨵಟࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢᨵಟࡢ㊧ࡋ࡚ ௨ୗࢆᣲࡆࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ձእ㝕ቃࡢᰕ㬞ᒃ࣭ෆἲ㛗ᢲࡢࡒ✰ࡢ㊧ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ 18㸧ࠋ ղ㌟⯋ṇ㠃ࡢഃᰕ➽ࡢෆἲ㛗ᢲࡀ᪂タࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ճ㌟⯋ṇ㠃እ㝕ቃࡢഃ㠃ࡢഃᰕ㛫ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄᱱࡀṧࡿ 㸦ᅗ19㸧ࠋ մෆ㝕㹼እ㝕ࡢ୰ኸ㛫⬥㛫ࡢ㛫ࡢᰕ➽ࡢ୰ᚰ㍈ࠊධ ഃ⦕㹼ྥᣏࡢᰕ㍈ࡢ୰ᚰ㍈ࡀࡎࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᰕ㛫ᑍἲ ᰕ㛫ᑍἲࡢ⟬ฟ࠶ࡓࡾࠊ୍ᑻࢆ303.03mm ࡛ィ⟬ࡍࡿࠋ ᱆⾜ࡢᰕ㛫ᑍἲࡣࠊ⬥እ㝕ࡣⰺࠎ3101.5㹼3107.5mm㸦10.2 㹼10.3 ᑻ㸧ࠊෆἲ 2922㹼2924mm㸦9.6㹼9.7 ᑻ㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ୍㛫࠶ࡓࡾ࡛ࡣࠊⰺࠎࡀ⣙6.8 ᑻࠊෆἲࡀ⣙ 6.4 ᑻ࡛࠶ ᅗ12 ᰙෆෆ㝕ቃ㸦ᖹᡂ 30 ᖺ 10 ᭶ 24 ᪥ᙳ㸧 ᅗ13 ྥᣏ㸦ᖹᡂ 30 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 5 ᪥ᙳ㸧 ᅗ14 ධഃ⦕ࡢእ㝕ቃ㸦ᖹᡂ 30 ᖺ 10 ᭶ 24 ᪥ᙳ㸧 ࡿࠋ እ㝕୰ኸ㛫ࡣⰺࠎ5981.5mm㸦⣙ 19.7 ᑻ㸧ࠊෆἲ 5811mm 㸦⣙19.2 ᑻ㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ୍㛫࠶ࡓࡾ࡛ࡣࠊⰺࠎࡀ⣙ 6.6 ᑻࠊ ෆἲࡀ⣙6.4 ᑻ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ḟᱱ㛫ࡘ࠸࡚⟬ฟࡍࡿࠋࡲࡎධഃ⦕ࡣⰺࠎ1976mm 㸦⣙6.5 ᑻ㸧࡛ෆἲ 1760mm㸦⣙ 5.8 ᑻ㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ እ㝕ࡣⰺࠎ4067mm㸦⣙ 13.4 ᑻ㸧ࠊෆἲ 3874mm㸦⣙ 12.8 ᑻ㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ୍㛫࠶ࡓࡾ࡛ࡣࠊⰺࠎࡀ⣙6.7 ᑻࠊෆἲࡀ ⣙6.4 ᑻ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᰙෆࡣⰺࠎ1892mm㸦⣙ 6.2 ᑻ㸧ࠊෆἲ 1696mm㸦⣙ 5.6 ᑻ㸧 ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ᅗ15 እ㝕୰ኸ㛫⬥㛫ࡢቃࡢ⎼᮰➓ᆺ 㸦ᖹᡂ30 ᖺ 10 ᭶ 24 ᪥ᙳ㸧 ᅗ16 ෆ㝕ቃ㸦ᖹᡂ 30 ᖺ 10 ᭶ 24 ᪥ᙳ㸧 ᅗ17 ෆ㝕ࡢኳぢୖࡆ㸦ᖹᡂ 30 ᖺ 10 ᭶ 24 ᪥ᙳ㸧 ෆ㝕ࡣⰺࠎ4033mm㸦⣙ 13.3 ᑻ㸧ࠊෆἲ 3838mm㸦⣙ 12.7 ᑻ㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ୍㛫࠶ࡓࡾ࡛ࡣࠊⰺࠎࡀ⣙6.7 ᑻࠊෆἲࡀ ⣙6.3 ᑻ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ෆἲࠊ࠾࠾ࡴࡡ6.3㹼6.4 ᑻࢆㄆࡵࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇ ࡢࡇࡽ 6.3 ᑻࢆࣔࢹ࣮ࣗࣝࡍࡿி㛫࣭␚ࡾࡢᘓ⠏ ࡛࠶ࡿศࡿࠋ ࡓࡔࡋධഃ⦕ࠊᰙෆࡣⱝᖸᑠࡉ࠸ࠋ≉ධഃ⦕ࡣඖࠎᗈ ⦕࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࠶ࢃࡏ࡚ᰕࡢᑍἲࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋ᩿㠃ࡢᰕࡣࠊྥᣏᰕࠊ ㌟⯋ṇ㠃ࡢഃᰕ➽㸦ᪧᗈ⦕ࡢᰕ➽㸧ࠊ୰ᰕࠊ᮶㏄ᰕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᅗ18 㬞ᒃෆἲ㛗ᢲࡢ㊧㸦ᖹᡂ 30 ᖺ 10 ᭶ 24 ᪥ᙳ㸧 ᅗ19 ᪧᗈ⦕ࡢഃ㠃ࡢᱱ㸦ᖹᡂ 30 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 5 ᪥ᙳ㸧 ྥᣏᰕࡣᖹᆒ245.3mm ゅࠊᪧᗈ⦕➽ࡣᖹᆒ 259.6mm ゅࠊ ୰ᰕࡣᖹᆒ238.7mm ゅࠊ᮶㏄ᰕࡣᚄ 296mm ࡢᰕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢ࠺ࡕࠊᪧᗈ⦕➽ࡣぢ㝃ࡢ㛗ࡉࡀぢ㎸ࡼࡾࡁ࠸ࠋぢ 㝃ࡢᖹᆒࡣ 278.3mmࠊぢ㎸ࡣ 241mm ࡛࠶ࡿࠋṇ㠃ࡽࡢ ぢ࠼ࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀศࡿࠋ ࡢᰕࡣࡇࢀࡽࡼࡾᑠࡉࡃࠊࢇࡀ 200mm ๓ᚋࡢ ゅᰕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪እ㝕ቃ㸦ᪧ㌟⯋ṇ㠃ࡢഃᰕ➽㸧ࡢ ୰ኸ㛫❧ࡘ4 ᮏࡣࠊぢ㝃ࡢ㛗ࡉࡀぢ㎸ࡼࡾᑠࡉ࠸ࠋぢ㝃 ࡢᖹᆒࡣ169.3mmࠊぢ㎸ࡣ 195mm ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᰕ㛫ࡀ▷࠸ࡇ ࡽぢ࠼㓄៖ࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
㸲㸬すᯘᑎ
᮶Ṕ すᯘᑎࡢᒣྕࡣⓑᮌᒣࠊ᐀ὴࡣίᅵ┿᐀㇂ὴ࡛ࠊඵ௦ ᕷ୰∦⏫⨨ࡍࡿࠋ ᒣྕࡣඵ௦⚄♫㸦ᪧጁぢᐑ㸧⏤᮶ࡍࡿࠋඵ௦⚄♫ࡣ୰ ୡࡣࠕⓑᮌ♫ጁぢࠖ⛠ࡉࢀࠊࠕᅜ㒆୍⤫ㄅࠖ㸦ᐶᩥ 9 ᖺ㸦1669㸧㸧ࠊࠕ⫧ᚋᅧㄅࠖ㸦᫂ 9 ᖺ㸦1772㸧㸧࡛ࡣࠕⓑᮌᒣ ጁぢ♫ࠖࠊࠕⓑᮌᒣጁぢᐑࠖグࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦12㸧ࠋ ࠕ᐀ᩍἲேすᯘᑎ㔜せᖒ⡙ࠖ㸦௨ୗࠊᖒ⡙㸧㸦13㸧ࡼࡿࠊ ᐑᆅᆅ༊ࡢྂ㯄ఫࢇ࡛࠸ࡓ་ᖌỤᮧ⋞㞷㸦ᯇྫྷ㸧ࡼࡿ 㛤ᇶ࡛ࠊࡶࡣⓑᮌᒣ⚄ᐑᑎࡢᮎ㝔ࠊⓑᮌᒣすⶈᑎ࡛࠶ࡗ ࡓࠋ⚄ᐑᑎࡣጁぢᐑ༑ᆓࡢ㤳ᆓ࡛ࠊኳྎ᐀࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋす ⶈᑎࡣ༑ᆓྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸦14㸧ࠋ⇃ᮏ┴ඵ௦ᕷࡢᪧ⸃ᦶ⾤㐨ἢ࠸ᘓࡘᑎ㝔ࠊΎബᑎすᯘᑎࡢᘓ⠏ⓗ≉ᚩࡘ࠸࡚㸦‶⍞ᮥ࣭᳃ᒣᏛ㸧 ࡢࡕᑠす⾜㛗ࡢ⤫௦㸦ኳṇ 16 ᖺ㸦1588㸧㹼㛗 5 ᖺ㸦1600㸧㸧↝ࡁウࡕ㐼࠸ࠊ⌧୰∦⏫㑊ࡅࡿࠋࠕᖒ⡙ࠖ 㸦13㸧ᡤࡢࠕ᐀ᩍἲேすᯘᑎࡢ⏤⥴ἢ㠉㛵ࡍࡿ᭩㢮ࠖ㸦 38 ᖺ㸦1963㸧㸽㸧㸦௨ୗࠊ⏤⥴ἢ㠉㸧࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢࡁ ࠕ୍Ᏹࡢᇽࢆᘓ❧ࡋࡓࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢᚋࡢ⯆㛵ࡋ࡚␗࡞ࡿ2 ✀ࡢグ㘓ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࠕᖒ⡙ࠖ 㸦13㸧ᡤࡢࠕᑎ㝔⛣㎈ᨵ⠏❹ᕤᒆࠖ㸦8 ᖺ㸦1933㸧㸧㸦௨ ୗࠊ❹ᕤᒆ㸧ࡢ᫂⣽ㄪ᭩ࡣࠊᐶᩥᖺ㛫㸦1661㹼73㸧ࡢ⤊ ࢃࡾίᅵ┿᐀ᨵ᐀ࡋࠊඵ௦⏫ගᚨᑎࡢᚐᘵ࡞ࡾൔᴗ ࡢチྍࢆࡶࡽࡗࡓ࠶ࡿࠋ ୍᪉ࠊ๓ฟࡢࠕ⏤⥴ἢ㠉ࠖࡣࠊᐶᩥ2 ᖺ㸦1662㸧ᮾ ᮏ㢪ᑎྲྀࡾ❧࡚ࡽࢀᒃఫᚚච࡞ࡗࡓ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡕࡽ࡛ ࡣࡑࡢ᭱ึࡢఫ⫋ࠊᯇྫྷ㸦すⶈᑎ㛤ᇶྠྡ㸧௨㝆ࠊ௦ࠎ ࡢఫ⫋ࡢᒃఫᚚච࡞ࡗࡓᖺ᭶᪥ࡀグࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢᚋࠊ᫂10 ᖺ㸦1877㸧ᗡྕබ⛠ࠊ᫂ 12 ᖺ㸦1879㸧 ᑎྕබ⛠ࡀㄆྍࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࠕ❹ᕤᒆࠖ㸦13㸧ࡢ᫂⣽ㄪ᭩ࡣࠊᗡྕබ⛠ࠕỌ௦ᗡᐊ ࣀ㒊ࢽຍิࠖࡉࢀࠊඵ௦⏫ගᚨᑎࡢᮎᑎࠊᑎྕබ⛠ࡢ⩣ ᖺᮾᮏ㢪ᑎࡢ┤ᮎ⦅ධࡉࢀࡓ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࢆࡶ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺᥎ᐹࡍࡿࠋᑠす௦ࡢ↝ኻ ᚋᇽᏱࡀᘓ❧ࡉࢀࡓࡍࢀࡤࠊᗡᐊ⛬ᗘࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᐶᩥᖺ㛫ࡢ⯆ࡣࠊࡕࡽࡢㄝࡢሙྜ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ ᐶỌ12 ᖺ㸦1635㸧⾜ࡉࢀࠊᐶᩥ 11 ᖺ㸦1671㸧᐀㛛 ேูᨵᖒࡢసᡂࡀไᗘࡉࢀࡿ⮳ࡿ᷄ᐙไᗘࢆᫎࡋࡓ ࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋίᅵ┿᐀ࡢᨵ᐀ࡣࠊ᷄ᐙ࡞ࡿ୰∦ 㔝ᕝࡢఫẸࡽࡢಙ௮ࢆ㞟ࡵࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ᪂ᑎᘓ❧ࡀ⚗ Ṇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ௦࡛࠶ࡿࡽࠊࡇࡢ㝿ࠊす㐃ᑎ࠸࠺ྂ㊧ ࡢάࡢࡓࡕࢆࡗࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ⫧ᚋ⸬ࡢᗡᐊ㛵ࡍࡿᑿ㐨ᘓẶࡢ◊✲㸦15㸧㸦16㸧㸦17㸧㸦18㸧 ࡼࢀࡤࠊᐶỌ10 ᖺ㸦1633㸧ࡽඖᩥ 5 ᖺ㸦1740㸧ࡲ࡛ࡢ ᗡᐊࡣࠊᇽᏲࡤࢀࡿఫ⫋ࡢఫᒃ୍య࡞ࡗࡓẸᐙࡢ ᙧᘧࢆࡶࡘࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡽࡋ࠸ࠋᐶᘏ3 ᖺ㸦1750㸧௨㝆ࡢ ᗡᐊࡣಙ௮タࡀఫᒃࡽ⊂❧ࠊࡲࡓࡣ⊂❧ᛶࢆᙉㄪࡋࡓ ࡶࡢኚࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࡽࡋ࠸ࠋ ࡇࡢࡇࡽࠊすᯘᑎࡢᗡᐊ௦ࡢᙜึࡶྠᵝ࡞ᙧᘧࡀ ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࡇࡢᗡᐊࡣࡑࡢᚋࡶᑎྕබ⛠ࡀㄆྍࡉࢀࡿࡣ⮳ࡽࡠࡲ ࡲࠊඖ⚘5 ᖺ㸦1692㸧ࠊᗡᐊ㸦ᐶỌ 9 ᖺ㸦1632㸧௨㝆ᘓ㸧 ࡢᑎ㝔ࡢ᪼᱁ࡢつไࢆ㏄࠼ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ ᫂12 ᖺ㸦1879㸧ࠊ᫂ᨻᗓࡣᅜࡢᑎ♫ࢆ⤫ไࡍࡿࡓ ࡵ⚄♫᫂⣽ᖒࢆసᡂࡍࡿไᗘࢆᡂࡉࡏࡿࠋすᯘᑎࡢࡇࡢ ᮇࡢᑎྕබ⛠ࡢㄆྍࡣࠊࡇࡢไᗘ⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀࡓ⤖ᯝ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ すᯘᑎࡣỤᡞ௦ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊᑎ㝔ࡋ࡚ㄆྍࡉࢀࡿࡇ ࡞ࡃࠊᘓ⠏ࡣᮏᇽࡋ࡚ᘓ❧ࡉࢀࡇࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊ᐀ᩍ タࡋ࡚୰∦㔝ᕝ᰿࠸ࡓᏑᅾ࡛࠶ࡗࡓゝ࠼ࡿࠋ ⛣㌿ᨵ⠏ ࠕ⏤⥴ἢ㠉ࠖ㸦13㸧ࡼࢀࡤࠊ๓㏙ࡢࡼ࠺ᑠす௦ࡢ↝ࡁ ウࡕᚋᇽᏱࢆᘓタࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᅗ20 ⛣㌿๓ࡢᩜᆅ ᅗ 21 ⌧ᅾࡢᩜᆅ 㸦ฟ㸸ᩥ⊩㸦13㸧㸧 㸦ฟ㸸ᩥ⊩㸦13㸧㸧 ᅗ22 すᯘᑎࡢ࿘㎶ᅗ 㸦ࢮࣥࣜࣥ㟁ᏊఫᏯᆅᅗࢹࢪࢱ࢘ࣥඵ௦ᕷ1 ඵ௦ࠊᰴᘧ ♫ࢮࣥࣜࣥ㸦2011.12㸧➹⪅ࡀຍ➹㸧 ୍᪉ࠊࠕᖒ⡙ࠖ㸦13㸧ᡤࡢࠕᑎ㝔⛣㎈ᨵ⠏㢪ࠖ㸦⇃ᮏ┴▱ ᐄࠊ4 ᖺ㸦1929㸧㸧ࠊࠕᑎ㝔⛣㎈ᨵ⠏ࢽᚚῧ᭩㢮ࠖ㸦ᮏ ᒣᑎົ⥲㛗ᐄࠊ4 ᖺ㸦1929㸧㸧ࡣࠊᐶᩥ 2 ᖺ㸦1662㸧 ᘓ⠏ࡉࢀࡓ࠶ࡿࠋ4 ᖺ㸦1929㸧ࡢẁ㝵࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢ ᐶᩥ2 ᖺ㸦1662㸧ࡢᇽᏱࡀṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢᇽ Ᏹࡣࠊ๓㏙ࡢ㏻ࡾࠊఫᒃ୍య࡞ࡗࡓᗡᐊ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ⪃ ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᚋ⪅ࡢ2 ࡘࡢ᭩㢮ࡣࠊᨵ⠏ࠊ⛣㌿ࡢ⌮⏤ࡋ࡚ࠊᲷᮌࠊ ᱱࠊᰕ࡞ࡀ⭉ᮙࡋ༴㝤࡛࠶ࡿࡇࠊ㏆ᖺࠊ㏆㎰ᐙࡀ ᥋㏆ࡋ࡚ᘓࡕ୪ࡧࠊᓫᩗࠊ㜵ⅆࡢ㠃ࡽၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀࠊ ᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ௨๓ࡢᘓ≀ࡣ➇ࡼࡾᨵ⠏㈝⏝࠶࡚ࡿࡇࡶグࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠕᖒ⡙ࠖ㸦13㸧ᡤࡢࠕᐤ㝃ㆇ᭩ࠖ㸦 8 ᖺ 㸦1933㸧㸧ࡼࡾࠊ⛣㌿ඛࡢᅵᆅࡣᐤࡉࢀࡓࡇࡀศࡿࠋ ඖ᮶ࡢᅵᆅࡣࠊኴ⏣㒓ᮧᏐ∦㛗Ꮠᑠ㊰ 304ࠊ305ࠊ306 ␒ᆅ㸦⌧୰∦⏫㸧㸦ᅗ20㸧࡛ࠊ⛣㌿ඛࡣ 23 㛫㞳ࢀࡓኴ⏣㒓 ᮧᏐ∦㛗Ꮠᒾᖖ211 ␒ᆅ㸦⌧୰∦⏫㸧㸦ᅗ 21㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢ❧ᆅࢆ⌧ᅾࡢᆅᅗⴠࡋ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡳࡿ㸦ᅗ22㸧ࠋ ༑㔛ᮌࡽ⸃ᦶ⾤㐨ࢆす⣙ 500mࠊኴ⏣ᡭࡀ⸃ᦶ⾤㐨 ἢ࠸ጞࡵࡿ⨨ࡽࠊᩳࡵධࡿ㐨㊰ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋኴ⏣ ᡭࡽศὶࡋࡓỈ㊰ࡀࡇࡢ㐨㊰ࡶἢ࠺ࠋ⛣㌿๓ࡢᅵᆅࠊ ⌧ᅾᆅࡶࡇࡢ㐨㊰ࡢඛ⨨ࡍࡿࠋ Ύബᑎྠᵝࠊ㏻ࡢせ⾪⏝Ỉ㊰᥋ࡍࡿ㔜せ࡞㞟ⴠ ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇࡀணࡉࢀࡿࠋ ⛣㌿ᨵ⠏ࢆฟ㢪ࡋࡓ⩣ᖺࠊ5 ᖺ㸦1930㸧チྍࡉࢀࠊ
ᅗ23 ⛣㌿㸦 8 ᖺ㸧ᖹ㠃ᅗ㸦ฟ㸸ᩥ⊩㸦13㸧㸧 ᅗ24 すᯘᑎᮏᇽ ᐇ ᖹ㠃ᅗ ᅗ26 እ㝕 ᅗ25 ୰ᗯୗ ᅗ27 㯃㯌ࡢ⽃⫤ ᅗ28 ⎩ࡢᡭᣳ ᅗ 29 ⴵⴇࡢᡭᣳ ᅗ30 ࠕ୰ࣀ㛫ࠖࡢ㛗ᢲ㸦ዟ㸧 ࠕᛂ᥋㛫ࠖ㸦ᡭ๓㸧ࡢᕪ㬞ᒃ 㸦௨ୖࠊᖹᡂ30 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 7 ᪥ᙳ㸧 ㄝ᫂ すᯘᑎᡂ
⇃ᮏ┴ඵ௦ᕷࡢᪧ⸃ᦶ⾤㐨ἢ࠸ᘓࡘᑎ㝔ࠊΎബᑎすᯘᑎࡢᘓ⠏ⓗ≉ᚩࡘ࠸࡚㸦‶⍞ᮥ࣭᳃ᒣᏛ㸧 8 ᖺ㸦1933㸧❹ᕤࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅗ 23 ࡣࡇࡢ㝿ࡢᅗ㠃࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋ ⌧≧㸦ᅗ24㸧 ๓㠃㐨㊰ഃࡢ༡ᮾ㛛ࢆ㛤ࡁࠊᮏᇽࡶྠࡌࡃ༡ᮾࢆྥࡃࠋ ࡇࡢྥࡁࡣࠊᮏᑛ࡛࠶ࡿ㜿ᘺ㝀ዴ᮶ࡢす᪉ίᅵࡶྜ⮴ࡍ ࡿࠋ ᮏᇽࡣࡋࡇࢁᒇ᰿ࡢᐤᲷ㐀ጔධࡢྥᣏࡁ࡛ࠊᱞ⎰ⵌࡁ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏᇽࡢྑᡭᗜ㸦43 ᖺ㸦1968㸧タィ㸧ࡀ᥋ ⥆ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡋࡋෆ㒊ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࠊᅗ25 ࡽศࡿࡼ࠺ᮏᇽࡣ ⊂❧ࡏࡎࠊ୰ᗯୗࢆࡋ࡚ࠊྑᡭഃ㠃୪⾜ࡋ࡚3 ᐊࡢᗙ ᩜࡀ㞄᥋ࡋ࡚ࡿࠋ୍᪉࡛ᗜࡣࡇࢀࡽࡣูᲷ࡛ࠊᗙᩜ ᗜࡣ⦕ᗯୗ࡛ࡢࡳ㐃⤖ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓᮏᇽࡣࠊᕥవ㛫ࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࢃࡽࡎࠊ୰ᗯୗഃ ࡢྑࡣవ㛫ࢆ␎ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᕥྑᑐ⛠ࢆḞ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᮏᇽࡢ๓㠃ࡣᗈ⦕ࡀࡘࡃࠋእ㝕㸦ᅗ26㸧ࡣᱱ㛫࣭᱆⾜ ࡶ4 㛫࡛ࠊίᅵ┿᐀ᑎ㝔ࡢᆺࡣ␗࡞ࡾࠊᰙෆ࣭୰ ᰕࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ୰ኸ㛫⬥㛫ࡢ༊ูࡶ࡞࠸ࠋᕥవ㛫࣭ෆ㝕ࡣ ቭࢆྵࡵ࡚᱆⾜2.5 㛫ࠊᱱ㛫ࡣྛࠎ1 㛫ࠊ3 㛫࡛࠶ࡿࠋᚋ㛛 ᙧᘧࡢෆ㝕࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ྥᣏࡢ⤌≀ࡣ─ᩯࡘࡁࡢᩯ࣭ᕳᩯࡢฟ୕ᩯࠊᮌ㰯⊺ Ꮚ㰯࣭㇟㰯ࠊ⽃⫤ࡢṇ㠃㯃㯌㸦ᅗ 27㸧ࠊ⫼㠃ίᅵ┿᐀ ᐀⣠ࡢୗࡾ⸨ࡢ᙮้ࠊᡭᣳࡣྑࢆ⎩㸦ᅗ28㸧ࠊᕥࢆⴵⴇ㸦ᅗ 29㸧ࡍࡿࠋᗈ⦕➽ࡢ୰ഛ࠼ࡣᣙ㰯ࡘࡁࡢᖹ୕ᩯ࡛ࠊᩯ࣭ ᕳᩯ─ᩯࡀࡘࡃࠋ ࡇࡢ⤌≀ࠊᮌ㰯ࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡢࡣෆ㝕ࡢ᮶㏄ᰕࡢ ࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋኳࡶෆእ㝕ࡶྠࡌ⦕ኳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᐊෆ እࡶ⡆⣲࡛࠶ࡾࠊෆእ㝕ⴭࡋ࠸ᕪ㐪ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡑࡶࡑࡶࠕᖒ⡙ࠖᡤࡢタィᅗ᭩ࡣࠕ∦㛗ㄝᩍᡤࠖ࠶ ࡾࠊᖹ㠃ᅗ㸦ᅗ23㸧ࡣእ㝕ࠕᕸᩍᐊࠖࠊᚋ㛛⫼ᚋࠕᕸ ᩍᖌᐊࠖࡢᐊྡࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᗙᩜࡣᡭ๓ࡽࠊ⋞㛵ࡢ㛫ࡋ࡚ࡢᙺࢆࡶࡘ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ ࠕᛂ᥋㛫ࠖࠊࠕ୰ࣀ㛫ࠖࠊࠕᗙᩜࠖࡀ⥆ࡃᗈ㛫ࡢᙧᘧ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ 24㸧ࠋኳࡣ 3 ᐊࡶᮏᇽྠࡌ➎⦕ኳ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࠕᛂ᥋ 㛫ࠖࡣᕪ㬞ᒃࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡢᑐࡋࠊࡢ2 ᐊࡣ㛗ᢲࢆ ᅇࡋࠊ᱁ࡢ㐪࠸ࢆ♧ࡍ㸦ᅗ30㸧ࠋ ࠕ୰ࣀ㛫ࠖࡢ㛗ᢲࡣᯇ➉ᱵࡢ㔥㞃ࡋࠊࠕᗙᩜࠖ㛗ᢲࡣ டࠊ㭯ࡢ㔥㞃ࡋ㸦ᅗ 31㸧ࢆࡘࡅࡿࠋࠕ୰ࣀ㛫ࠖࠕᗙᩜࠖ ࡢቃࡢ᙮้ḍ㛫࡛ࡶࠊ㭯ࢆ㢟ᮦࡍࡿࠋ ᭱ዟࡢࠕᗙᩜࠖࡣᗋࡢ㛫࣭㐪࠸Ჴ࣭᭩㝔ࡢᗙᩜ㣭ࡾ㸦ᅗ 32㸧ࢆࡘࡅࡿࠋᗋࡢ㛫ࡣ྿ࡁᐤࡏኳࠊᗋ⬥ࡣ㙾ኳ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋ ዟ࠸ࡃࡘࢀ࡚᱁ᘧࡢ㧗࠸ࡘࡃࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀศ ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡽ 3 ᐊࡢタィᅗ᭩࡛ࡢ᭱ึࡢᐊྡࡣࠊࠕᛂ᥋ᐊࠖࠊ ࠕಙᚐ᥍ᐊࠖࠊࠕᢸ௵ᩍᖌᐊ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇࡽ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺᥎ᐹ࡛ࡁࡿࠋᨵ⠏๓ࡢᗡ ᐊࡣࠊᘓタࡢࡢᗡᐊࡢഴྥࡽࠊఫᒃ୍య࡛࠶ࡗࡓ ᑠつᶍ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ8 ᖺࡢᨵ⠏࡛ࡣࠊ ๓㌟ࡢᗡᐊࢆᛕ㢌ࠊタィ⪅ࡣࠊᑎ㝔ᮏᇽࢆᘓタࡍࡿࡇ ᅗ31 ࠕᗙᩜࠖࡢ㔥㞃ࡋ ᅗ 32 ᗙᩜ㣭ࡾ 㸦௨ୖࠊᖹᡂ30 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 7 ᪥ᙳ㸧 ᅗ33 ࠕ⩏ᖾࠖᗡᐊ㸦ா 3 ᖺ㸦1803㸧㸧㸦ฟ㸸ᩥ⊩㸦18㸧㸧 ᅗ34 ࠕᬛᅭࠖᗡᐊ㸦ᐶᨻ 7㸦1795㸧௨๓㸧 㸦ฟ㸸ᩥ⊩㸦18㸧㸧 ᅗ35 ࢟ࢵࢳࣥṧࡿ⦕᱆㸦ᖹᡂ 30 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 7 ᪥ᙳ㸧 ࢁࢆࠊᮏ᱁ⓗ࡞ᑎ㝔ࡋ࡚࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃㄝᩍᡤࡋ࡚タィࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࡢ㝿ࠊᮏᇽࡣ⊂❧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᗙᩜࡶྵࡵࡓ యࢆಙ௮タࡳ࡞ࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡇࢀ㢮ఝࡋࡓࡀࠊᐶᘏ3 ᖺ㸦1750㸧௨㝆ࡢỤᡞ
௦ࡢ⫧ᚋ⸬ࡢᗡᐊぢࡽࢀࡿ㸦ᅗ 33ࠊ34㸧ࠋఫᒃಙ௮ タࡣศ㞳ࡋࠊಙ௮タࡣ㛫ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃᗙᩜࡶຍ࠼ࡽ ࢀࠊ㛫ࡣᱱ㛫3 㛫௨ୖ࡞ࡾࠊෆእ㝕ࡀศ㞳ࠊవ㛫ࡢࡼ ࠺࡞ᐊࡶຍ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࡞ᮏᇽ㢮ఝࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ḟ⌧≧ᨵ⠏ᙜึ㸦8 ᖺ㸦1933㸧㸧ࡢᅗ㠃㸦ᅗ 23㸧 ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿࠋᅗ23 ࡼࡿࠊᙜึࡣᮏᇽᕥᗙᩜྑ⦕ ഃࡀィ⏬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ⌧ᅾࡣ᧔ཤࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᗙᩜࡢྑ ࡣ⌧ᅾࠊ࢟ࢵࢳࣥᨵಟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࢟ࢵࢳࣥࡣ⦕᱆ࡀ ṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ35㸧ࠋ ࡇࡢࢀ⦕ࡀ3 ᐊࡢᗙᩜἢ࠸ᗞ㛤ࡁࠊᗜࡀ㞜⾜ࡍ ࡿᮏ᮶ࡢ㓄⨨ࡣࠊ⌧≧ࡼࡾࡶᗈ㛫ࡋ࡚ࡢᛶ᱁ࡀࠊࡼࡾ⾲ ⌧ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࢁ࠺ࠋ ᰕ㛫ᑍἲ ࡲࡎᱱ㛫ࡢᰕ㛫ᑍἲࢆࡳࡿࠋእ㝕ࡣⰺࠎ7804.5mm㸦⣙ 25.8 ᑻ㸧ࠊෆἲ 7651mm㸦⣙ 25.2 ᑻ㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ୍㛫࠶ࡓ ࡾ࡛ࡣࠊⰺࠎ⣙6.4 ᑻࠊෆἲ⣙ 6.3 ᑻ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ෆ㝕ࡣⰺࠎ4017.5mm㸦⣙ 13.3 ᑻ㸧ࠊෆἲ 3868mm㸦⣙ 12.8 ᑻ㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ୍㛫࠶ࡓࡾ࡛ࡣࠊⰺࠎ⣙6.6 ᑻࠊෆἲ⣙ 6.4 ᑻ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ḟ᱆⾜ࢆࡳࡿࠋእ㝕ࡣⰺࠎ7822.5mm(⣙ 25.8 ᑻ)ࠊෆἲ 7667mm(⣙ 25.3 ᑻ)࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ୍㛫࠶ࡓࡾ࡛ࡣࠊⰺࠎ⣙ 6.5 ᑻࠊෆἲ⣙6.3 ᑻ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ෆ㝕ࡣⰺࠎ7813.5mm㸦⣙ 25.8 ᑻ㸧ࠊෆἲ 7653mm㸦⣙ 25.3 ᑻ㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ୍㛫࠶ࡓࡾ࡛ࡣࠊⰺࠎ⣙6.4 ᑻࠊෆἲ⣙ 6.3 ᑻ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᮏᇽྑᡭࡢᗙᩜ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶࡳ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ᱱ㛫᪉ྥࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊⰺࠎ3952.5mm㸦⣙ 13.0 ᑻ㸧ࠊෆἲ 3833mm㸦⣙ 12.6 ᑻ㸧࡛ࡗࡓࠋ୍㛫࠶ࡓࡾ࡛ࡣࠊⰺࠎ⣙ 6.5 ᑻࠊෆἲ6.3 ᑻ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᱆⾜᪉ྥࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࠕᛂ᥋㛫ࠖࡀࠊⰺࠎ3906mm㸦⣙ 12.9 ᑻ㸧ࠊෆἲ379mm㸦⣙ 12.5 ᑻ㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࠕ୰ࣀ㛫ࠖࡣⰺࠎ391mm㸦⣙ 12.9 ᑻ㸧ࠊෆἲ 3800mm㸦⣙ 12.5 ᑻ㸧 ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ᭱ዟࡢࠕᗙᩜࠖࡣⰺࠎ4904.5mm㸦⣙ 16.2 ᑻ㸧ࠊෆἲ 4790mm 㸦⣙15.8 ᑻ㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ᐊ୍㛫ᙜࡓࡾ࡛ࡳࡿࠊⰺࠎࡔࠕᛂ᥋㛫ࠖࡣ⣙ 6.4 ᑻࠊࠕ୰ࣀ㛫ࠖࡣ⣙ 6.5 ᑻࠊࠕᗙᩜࠖࡣ⣙ 6.5 ᑻ࡛࠶ࡿࠋෆ ἲࡔ3 ᐊࡶ⣙ 6.3 ᑻ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡇࡽ6.3 ᑻࢆࣔࢹ࣮ࣗࣝࡍࡿி㛫࣭␚ࡾࡢ ᘓ⠏࡛࠶ࡿศࡿࠋ 㸳⸃ᦶ⾤㐨➽ࡢᑎ㝔ࡋ࡚ࡢ⪃ᐹ ࡇࢀࡽࡢᑎ㝔ࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶᐶỌᮇ௨㝆ࡢ᪂ᑎᘓ❧ࡢ⚗Ṇࠊ ᷄ᐙไᗘࡸᮏᮎไᗘࡢᑟධ࠸ࡗࡓ௦ᘓࠊ⯆ࠊ⛣ ㌿ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋṔྐⓗᑎ㝔ࢆ㝖ࡅࡤࠊࡍ࡚᷄ᐙࡀቑ࠼࡚ ࠸ࡗࡓίᅵ┿᐀࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ඵ௦ᇛᘓタ㸦ඖ8 ᖺ㸦1622㸧㸧௨ᚋ⾤㐨ࡀ⦅ᡂࡉࢀ ࡓᆅᇦ㝈ࡿࠊΎബᑎࠊすᯘᑎࠊගᚨᑎࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡶᐶᩥ ᖺ㛫㸦1661㹼73㸧ᘓࠊ⯆ࠊ⛣㌿ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ගᚨᑎࡣᯇỤཱྀ␒ᡤࡢᏲㆤࡢせࡋ࡚ࠊ⛣㌿ࡉࢀࡓ⪃ ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ Ύബᑎࠊすᯘᑎࡣࠊኴ⏣ᡭὶᇦᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓ㞟ⴠࡀࠊ ⾤㐨ࡢ㈏㏻ࠊ༑㔛ᮌࡢタ⨨ࡼࡾࠊ㏻ࡢせ⾪ᆅࡋ࡚ࡉ ࡽⓎᒎࡀぢ㎸ࡲࢀࡓᆅ❧ᆅࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽࠊࡇࡢᆅ ࡢ᷄㑣ᑎ࡞ࡿࡇࡀồࡵࡽࢀࠊᑎ㝔ࡋ࡚☜❧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡗࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡋࡇࢁᒇ᰿ࡲࡓࡣᱱ㛫୕㛫ࡢᮏᇽࡣ4 ௳࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ࠺ࡕ すᯘᑎࡣࠊᅇࡢㄪᰝࡽึᮇࡢᘓ⠏࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀࢃ ࡾࠊᐶᩥඵᖺ௧㸦ᐶᩥ8 ᖺ㸦1668㸧㸧ࡢᱱ㛫つไࢆཷࡅࡓ ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ᮏ᮶ᐶᩥඵᖺ௧㸦ᐶᩥ8 ᖺ㸦1668㸧㸧ࡢつไࢆཷࡅࡿࡁ ගᚨᑎࡣࠊࡋࡇࢁᒇ᰿࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇࡽࠊᚋࠊᑠᒇ⤌ࡢ ᨵಟᒚṔࡢㄪᰝࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸴ࡲࡵ ௨ୖࡢ⤖ᯝࡼࡾࠊΎബᑎࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺ࡲࡵ ࡽࢀࡿࠋ 1. ᩥ⊩㈨ᩱࡢ⪃ᐹࡽࠊᐶᩥ 6 ᖺ㸦1666㸧ᘓࠊྠᖺ 㡭ᘓタࡉࢀࠊᏳỌᖺ㛫㸦1772㹼81㸧ࡲࡓࡣᩥ 3 ᖺ 㸦1806㸧ࡢⅆ⅏௨㝆⌧ᮏᇽࡀᘓࡉࢀࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ ࡿࠋ 2. ᮏᇽࡣᐤᲷ㐀ࡢࡋࡇࢁᒇ᰿࡛ࠊᘓᐶᩥඵᖺ௧㸦ᐶ ᩥ8 ᖺ㸦1668㸧㸧ࡢᱱ㛫つไࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 3. ᮏᇽࡢ㛫ྲྀࡾࡣࠊእ㝕୰ᰕᰙෆࡀぢࡽࢀࠊίᅵ┿ ᐀ᑎ㝔ࡢᆺ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ 4. 63 ᖺ㸦1988㸧ᖹᡂ 22 ᖺ㸦2010㸧ᨵಟࢆཷࡅ ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡘ࡚⦕ഃࡔࡗࡓ⟠ᡤࡀෆ㒊ྲྀࡾ㎸ࡲࢀධ ഃ⦕࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀศࡗࡓࠋ 5. ᮏᇽࡣ 6.3 ᑻࢆࣔࢹ࣮ࣗࣝࡍࡿி㛫࣭␚ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓすᯘᑎࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺ࡲࡵࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ ࡿࠋ 1. ᩥ⊩㈨ᩱࡽࠊඖࡣጁぢᐑ༑ᆓࡢ㤳ᆓࠊ⚄ᐑᑎࡢᮎ 㝔࡛ࠊᑠす⾜㛗௦⌧ᅾᆅ㏆㑊ࡅࡿࠋ 2. ᩥ⊩㈨ᩱࡢ⪃ᐹࡽࠊᐶᩥᖺ㛫㸦1661㹼73㸧⯆ࡍ ࡿࡀ᫂12 ᖺ㸦1879㸧ࡲ࡛ᑎ㝔᪼᱁ࡏࡎࠊ⌧ᮏᇽࡢ ๓㌟࡞ࡿᗡᐊࡶࠊఫᒃ୍యࡢᑠつᶍ࡞ࡶࡢࡔࡗࡓ ᥎ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ 3. 8 ᖺ㸦1933㸧ࠊ⌧ᅾᆅ⛣㌿࣭ᨵ⠏ࡍࡿࡀࠊタィ⪅ ࡣᮏ᱁ⓗᑎ㝔࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠕㄝᩍᡤࠖࢆᐃࡋࠊỤᡞ௦ ᚋᮇࡢᗡᐊ㢮ఝࡍࡿ㛫ྲྀࡾ࡛タィࡋࡓࠋ 4. 㛫ྲྀࡾࡢ≉ᚩࡣࠊ㠀ᕥྑᑐ⛠ࡢᮏᇽᆺⓗ࡞ᗈ㛫࡛ ࠶ࡿᗙᩜࢆࠊಙ௮タࡋ୍࡚యࡋࡓⅬ࠶ࡿࠋ 5. ㏆௦ᘓ⠏ࡢࡓࡵࠊࡋࡇࢁᒇ᰿ࡣᱱ㛫つไᚑࡗ࡚᥇⏝ ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ 6. ᮏᇽࡣ 6.3 ᑻࢆࣔࢹ࣮ࣗࣝࡍࡿி㛫࣭␚ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ඵ௦ᯇỤᇛᘓタᚋ⦅ࡉࢀࡓ⸃ᦶ⾤㐨➽ࡢ3 ᑎ㝔ࡣࠊ ࠸ࡎࢀࡶᐶᩥᖺ㛫㸦1661㹼73㸧ᘓࠊ⯆ࠊ⛣㌿ࡋࡓࡶ ࡢ࡛ࠊίᅵ┿᐀㇂ὴ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋΎബᑎࠊすᯘᑎࡣࠊ㏻ ࡢせ⾪ᆅࡋ࡚ࡉࡽⓎᒎࡀぢ㎸ࡲࢀࡓᙜᆅࡢ᷄㑣ᑎࡋ ࡚ồࡵࡽࢀࠊ☜❧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ⪃ᐹࡋࡓࠋ
⇃ᮏ┴ඵ௦ᕷࡢᪧ⸃ᦶ⾤㐨ἢ࠸ᘓࡘᑎ㝔ࠊΎബᑎすᯘᑎࡢᘓ⠏ⓗ≉ᚩࡘ࠸࡚㸦‶⍞ᮥ࣭᳃ᒣᏛ㸧 ㅰ㎡ ࣄࣜࣥࢢㄪᰝ༠ຊ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࠊΎബᑎࡢ᳃⏣Ặࠊす ᯘᑎࡢⓑᮌẶࠊཌࡃᚚ♩⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ 㸦௧ඖᖺ9 ᭶ 25 ᪥ཷ㸧 㸦௧ඖᖺ12 ᭶ 5 ᪥ཷ⌮㸧 ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ (1) ⇃ᮏ┴ᩍ⫱ጤဨ㸸⇃ᮏ┴ᩥ㈈ㄪᰝሗ࿌➨ 85 㞟 ⇃ ᮏ┴ࡢ㏆ୡ♫ᑎᘓ⠏̿⇃ᮏ┴㏆ୡ♫ᑎᘓ⠏⥭ᛴㄪᰝ ሗ࿌᭩̿㸪pp.19-21㸪pp.182-190㸪⇃ᮏ┴ᩍ⫱ጤဨ 㸦1987㸧㸬 (2) ࠕࡲࡕ࠶ࡿࡁඵ௦ࡓ࡚ࡶࡢ࣐ࢵࣉࠖࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࢳ࣮ ࣒⦅㸸ࡲࡕ࠶ࡿࡁඵ௦ࡓ࡚ࡶࡢ࣐ࢵࣉ㸪ඵ௦ᕷᕷẸ ༠ാ㒊ᩥࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾㄢ㸦2012㸧㸬 (3) ඵ௦ᕷྐ⦅⧩༠㆟㸸ඵ௦ᕷྐ㸪➨ᕳ㸪pp.637-646㸪 pp.830-836㸪ඵ௦ᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨ㸦1978㸧㸬 (4) ᑿ㐨ᘓ㸪㔝㝯㸪㢼㛫ዉὠᏊ㸸ࠕ⇃ᮏ┴ඵ௦ᕷࡢἲ ㍯ᑎᮏᇽࡘ࠸࡚㸦1㸧㸦ᘓ⠏ᖺ௦⌧≧ᖹ㠃㸧ࠖ㸪 pp.557-560㸪᪥ᮏᘓ⠏Ꮫ୰ᅜ࣭ᕞᨭ㒊◊✲ሗ࿌㸪 ➨10 ྕ㸦1996㸧㸬 (5) ᑿ㐨ᘓ㸪㔝㝯㸸ࠕ⇃ᮏ┴ඵ௦ᕷࡢἲ㍯ᑎᮏᇽࡘ ࠸࡚㸦2㸧㸦ᩥᨻ 9 ᖺࡢᖹ㠃ᅗཎ㸧ࠖ㸪pp.561-564㸪 ᪥ᮏᘓ⠏Ꮫ୰ᅜ࣭ᕞᨭ㒊◊✲ሗ࿌㸪➨ 10 ྕ 㸦1996㸧㸬 (6) ⇃ᮏ┴ᩍ⫱ጤဨ㸹⇃ᮏ┴ᩥ㈈ㄪᰝሗ࿌➨ 44 㞟⋢ Ἠᑎ̿ྂቡ୰࣭㏆ୡᑎ㝔ࡢㄪᰝ̿㸪p.15㸪pp.90-96㸪 pp.118-127㸪⇃ᮏ┴ᩥ㈈ಖㆤ༠㸦1980㸧㸬 (7) ᪩㔝ᙲே㸪᳃ᒣᏛ㸹ࠕඵ௦ᕷ࠶ࡿ∦ᐑ࣭⸆ᖌᇽ 㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࠖ㸪pp.10-17㸪⇃ᮏ㧗ᑓ⣖せ㸪➨ 10 ྕ㸦2018㸧㸬 (8) ᭷㤿၏㸸Ύബᑎࠕ⦕㉳ࠖ㸦Ύബᑎᡤⶶ㸧㸦1988㸧㸬 (9) ▼ᕝឡ㒓㸸ඵ௦㒆ㄅ㸪pp.584-585㸪ᰴᘧ♫⮫ᕝ᭩ᗑ 㸦1927㸧㸬 (10) ᚋ⸨ᒣ⦅㸸⫧ᚋᅧㄅ㸪ୗᕳ㸪pp.346-347㸪㟷₻♫ 㸦1916㸧㸬 (11) ග΅㸸㏆ୡ♫ᑎቃෆࡑࡢᘓ⠏㸪pp.123-126㸪୰ኸ බㄽ⨾⾡㸦2001㸧㸬 (12) ඵ௦ᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨ㸦ᩥㄢ㸧㸸ඵ௦ᕷᩥ㈈ㄪᰝሗ ࿌㞟➨43 㞟 ඵ௦ጁぢ⚍㸪pp.80-94㸪ඵ௦ᕷᩍ⫱ጤ ဨ㸦ᩥㄢ㸧㸦2010㸧㸬 (13) ᐀ᩍἲேすᯘᑎ㔜せᖒ⡙㸦すᯘᑎᡤⶶ㸧㸬 (14) ඵ௦ᕷྐ⦅⧩༠㆟㸸ඵ௦ᕷྐ㸪➨ᕳ㸪pp.186-189㸪 ඵ௦ᕷᩍ⫱ጤဨ㸦1970㸧㸬 (15) ᑿ㐨ᘓ㸸ࠕỤᡞ௦๓ᮇࡽ୰ᮇࡅ࡚ࡢίᅵ ┿᐀ࡢᗡᐊࡢᙧᡂ ⫧ᚋ⸬࠾ࡅࡿίᅵ┿᐀ࡢᗡᐊ 㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ ࡑࡢ 1ࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᘓ⠏Ꮫィ⏬⣔ㄽᩥ 㞟㸪➨581 ྕ㸪pp.151-157㸦2004.7㸧㸬 (16) ᑿ㐨ᘓ㸸ࠕỤᡞ௦๓ᮇࡽ୰ᮇ࠾ࡅࡿίᅵ┿ ᐀ࡢᗡᐊࡢᖹ㠃ᵓᡂ ⫧ᚋ⸬࠾ࡅࡿίᅵ┿᐀ࡢᗡ ᐊ㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ ࡑࡢ2ࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᘓ⠏Ꮫィ⏬⣔ㄽᩥ 㞟㸪➨586 ྕ㸪pp.149-154㸦2004.12㸧㸬 (17) ᑿ㐨ᘓ㸸ࠕᐶᘏ 3 ᖺ㸦1750㸧ࡽᐶᨻ 3 ᖺ㸦1791㸧 ࡲ࡛ࡢίᅵ┿᐀ࡢᗡᐊࡢኚ㑄ᖹ㠃ᵓᡂ ⫧ᚋ⸬ ࠾ࡅࡿίᅵ┿᐀ࡢᗡᐊ㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ ࡑࡢ3ࠖ㸪᪥ᮏ ᘓ ⠏ Ꮫ ィ ⏬ ⣔ ㄽ ᩥ 㞟 㸪 ➨ 588 ྕ 㸪 pp.175-179 㸦2005.2㸧㸬 (18) ᑿ㐨ᘓ㸸ࠕỤᡞ௦࠾ࡅࡿίᅵ┿᐀ࡢᗡᐊ㛵 ࡍࡿ◊✲㸦⫧ᚋ⸬࠾ࡅࡿίᅵ┿᐀ࡢᗡᐊࢆ୰ᚰ ࡋ࡚㸧ࠖ㸪pp.45-135㸪⇃ᮏᏛᏛ⾡࣏ࣜࢪࢺࣜ㸦2005㸧㸬
