JAIST Repository: 研究者属性とキャリアパスが学術研究成果に与える影響についての実証分析

Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

JAIST Repository

https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/ Title 研究者属性とキャリアパスが学術研究成果に与える影 響についての実証分析 Author(s) 福澤, 尚美 Citation 年次学術大会講演要旨集, 28: 1056-1058 Issue Date 2013-11-02

Type Conference Paper Text version publisher

URL http://hdl.handle.net/10119/11888

Rights

本著作物は研究・技術計画学会の許可のもとに掲載す るものです。This material is posted here with permission of the Japan Society for Science Policy and Research Management.

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◊✲⪅ᒓᛶ࡜࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࣃࢫࡀᏛ⾡◊✲ᡂᯝ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᐇドศᯒ





ۑ⚟⃝ᑦ⨾㸦⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡࣭Ꮫ⾡ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ㸧







᪥ᮏࡢ⏕࿨⛉Ꮫࠊ་Ꮫ⣔ศ㔝ࡢඃࢀࡓ◊✲⪅565 ྡࡢ CV ࠿ࡽᚓࡓಶูᒓᛶ࡜࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࣃࢫ᝟ሗࢆ౑ ⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡀ◊✲⏕⏘ᛶ࡜࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࢆᐇドศᯒࡋࡓࠋ≉࡟ࠊ⮫ᗋ་ᖌ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⤒ 㦂࡜◊✲⏕⏘ᛶ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ᳨ドࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ⮫ᗋ་ᖌ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⤒㦂ࡣㄽᩥᩘ࡜ࡣ⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡞ṇࡢ㛵ಀ ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ⿕ᘬ⏝ᩘ࡜ࡣ᭷ព࡞㛵ಀࡀࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ⫋ࡢከᵝᛶࡣ⿕ᘬ⏝ᩘࠊ≉チᩘ࡜ṇ࡟᭷ ព࡞㛵ಀࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊⱝᡭ᫬௦࡟௻ᴗࡸ⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே࡛ࡢ⫋⤒㦂ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣඹⴭ⪅ᩘ࡜ṇ࡟ ᭷ព࡞㛵ಀࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࡀࠊᾏእ࡛⫋⤒㦂ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡜◊✲⏕⏘ᛶ࡟ࡣ᭷ព࡞㛵ಀࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ



1. ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ ◊✲⪅ࡢಶูᒓᛶࡣከᒱ࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᡤᒓ ◊✲ᶵ㛵ࡸᾏእ࡛ࡢ⫋⤒㦂ࠊ༞ᴗ኱Ꮫ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࠊ ◊✲㈨㔠㢠➼࡜࠸ࡗࡓ≉ᛶࡣ◊✲⪅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗ ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞◊✲⪅ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࣃࢫࡸಶูᒓ ᛶࡣ◊✲⏕⏘ᛶ࡜࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࢆ ᐃ㔞ⓗ࡟᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᮏሗ࿌࡛ࡣ᪥ᮏࡢ⏕࿨⛉Ꮫࠊ་Ꮫ⣔ศ㔝ࡢ◊✲ ⪅࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࣃࢫ➼ࡢ◊✲⪅ᒓᛶ࡜◊✲ ⏕⏘ᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢㄽᩥᩘࡸ⿕ᘬ⏝ᩘࠊ≉チᩘࡸඹⴭ ⪅ᩘ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆィ㔞⤒῭Ꮫⓗ࡟ᐇドศᯒࡋࡓ⤖ ᯝࢆሗ࿌ࡍࡿࠋ≉࡟ࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ศᯒࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ ⮫ᗋ་ᖌ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⤒㦂ࡀ◊✲⏕⏘ᛶ࡜࡝ࡢࡼ࠺ ࡞㛵ಀࢆᣢࡘࡢ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ ヨࡳࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ◊✲⪅ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࣃࢫࡣከᵝ࡛ ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ⾜ᨻᶵ㛵࣭௻ᴗ࣭⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே࡛ࡢ⫋ ⤒㦂ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡸࠊ༞ᴗᏛ㒊࣭༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬࡜ྠ ࡌ኱Ꮫ࡬ࡢ⫋Ṕ⤒㦂ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⫋Ṕࡀྠ ࡌᶵ㛵࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜➼ࡀࠊ◊✲⏕⏘ᛶ࡜࡝࠺㛵ಀࡍ ࡿࡢ࠿ࢆศᯒࡋࡓࠋ 2. ศᯒ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ௬ㄝ ◊✲⪅ࡢᒓᛶ࡜◊✲⏕⏘ᛶ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ ࡢ௬ㄝࢆ㏙࡭ࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊ⮫ᗋ་ᖌ⤒㦂࡟㛵ࡍࡿ௬ ㄝࡣ2 ࡘ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ(I)◊ಟ་௨እ࡛ࡢ⮫ᗋ་ᖌ ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⤒㦂ࡣ◊✲᫬㛫ࢆῶᑡࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼ ࡾ◊✲⏕⏘ᛶ࡜㈇ࡢ㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡿࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ(ϩ)⮫ ᗋ་ᖌ⤒㦂ࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠸⤒㦂ࡸ▱㆑࡟ ࡼࡾ◊✲⏕⏘ᛶ࡜ṇࡢ㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࢆ᳨ドࡍ ࡿࠋ ḟ࡟ࠊ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔࡜◊✲⏕⏘ᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ௬ㄝ࡜ࡋ

࡚ࡣࠊDietz and Bozeman(2005)࡛ࡣࠊ⫋ࡢ⛣㌿

࡜࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀㄽᩥᩘ࡜≉チᩘ࡟୚࠼ࡿ ᙳ㡪ࢆᐇドศᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ௨ୗ4 ࡘࡢ௬ㄝࢆ᳨ ドࡋࡓࠋ(1)࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࢆ㏻ࡌࡓ㒊㛛ኚ໬ࡣ᪂ࡋ࠸♫ ఍ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࡬ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࡇ࡜࡛ 㧗࠸◊✲⏕⏘ᛶࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࠋ(2)඲ᮇ㛫ࢆ኱Ꮫ࡛⤒ 㦂ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ఏ⤫ⓗ࡞࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࣃࢫࢆ࡜ࡿ᪉ࡀ ⏕⏘ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࠋ(3)ຓᡭࡸ࣏ࢫࢻࢡ⤒㦂ࢆ㏻ࡌࡓ᪩ ࠸࢟ࣕࣜ࢔⤒㦂ࡣࡼࡾ㧗࠸⏕⏘ᛶ࡬࡜ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠋ (4)᪩⇍ࡉࡣࡼࡾ㧗࠸⏕⏘ᛶࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࢆࢺ࣮ ࣅࢵࢺࣔࢹ࡛ࣝศᯒࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊㄽᩥ⏕⏘ᛶ࡜᪩⇍ ࡉࡢ㛵ಀࡣᙅࡃࠊఏ⤫ⓗ࡞࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࣃࢫࡣ㧗࠸⏕ ⏘ᛶ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࠊ≉チᩘࡣ௻ᴗ࡛ࡢ⫋Ṕ࡜㛵ಀࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋୖグ௬ㄝ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊᮏศᯒ ࡛ࡣ(1)࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࢆ㏻ࡌࡓ㒊㛛ኚ໬࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⾜ᨻᶵ 㛵࣭௻ᴗ࣭⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே࡛ࡢ⫋Ṕࡢ᭷↓ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ ᾏእ࡛ࡢ⫋Ṕ1_{ࡢ᭷↓ࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࠋᾏእ࡛ࡢ⫋⤒㦂} ࡣࠊⱥㄒࡢୖ㐩࡟ຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡾࠊⱥᩥࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣝࢆ Ⓨ⾲ࡍࡿ⬟ຊ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ◊✲⏕ ⏘ᛶ࡟㛵ಀࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ(Jonkers and Tijssen, 2008)ࠋ (2)ఏ⤫ⓗ࡞࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࣃࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ ༞ᴗᏛ㒊ࡸ༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬࡜ྠࡌ኱Ꮫ࡬ࡢ⫋Ṕࡢ ᭷↓ࡸࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⫋Ṕࡀྠࡌᶵ㛵࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡝ ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㛵ಀࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࠋ(3)᪩࠸࢟ࣕࣜ࢔⤒㦂ࡸ (4)᪩⇍ࡉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᏛ⾡᣺⯆≉ู◊✲ဨࡢ⤒㦂ࡢ᭷ ↓ࠊຓᡭࡢ⤒㦂ࡢ᭷↓ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㛵ಀࡍࡿࡢ࠿ ࢆศᯒࡋࡓࠋ 3. ࢹ࣮ࢱ ᮏศᯒ࡛ࡣࠊ2002 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽ◊✲ᣐⅬᙧᡂ㈝➼ ⿵ຓ㔠࡜ࡋ࡚ᥐ⨨ࡉࢀࡓ21 ୡ⣖ COE ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ ࡢ⏕࿨⛉Ꮫ࡜་Ꮫ⣔ศ㔝࡟᥇ᢥࡉࢀࡓ◊✲⪅࠿ ࡽࢹ࣮ࢱࢆసᡂࡋࡓࠋᑐ㇟ศ㔝ࡢ◊✲⪅ࡣ⥲ໃ 1,255 ྡ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔᝟ሗࢆධᡭ 1 _{◊✲⪅࡜ࡋ࡚᪥ᮏᅜ௨እࡢ◊✲ᶵ㛵࡛ࡢ㌟ศࢆ} ᚓࡓ⤒㦂ࢆᣦࡍࠋ

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࡛ࡁࡓ565 ྡࢆศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࠋ◊✲⪅ࡢ≉チ᝟

ሗ ࡣ _{European Patent Office ࡀ స ᡂ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ} Espacenet Patent search ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋEspacenet ࡣ 1836 ᖺ௨㝆ࡢୡ⏺୰ࡢ⣙ 8,000 ୓௳ࡢ≉チࢹ࣮ࢱ ࢆಖ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ≉チࡢᖺḟࡣබ㛤᪥(Publication date)ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ◊✲㈝᝟ሗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⛉ Ꮫ◊✲㈝ຓᡂ஦ᴗࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ(KAKEN)ࢆ⏝࠸ ࡚ࠊྛ◊✲⪅ࡀ௦⾲⪅࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ◊✲ㄢ㢟ࡢ┤ ᥋⤒㈝ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᝟ሗ ࡣ ࠊ ྛ ◊ ✲ ⪅ ࡀ Web ୖ ࡛ බ ⾲ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ

Curriculum Vitae (CV)࡜ ReaD&Researchmap ࡟ࡼࡾᚓࡓ᝟ሗ࠿ࡽసᡂࡋࡓࠋ 4. ศᯒᡭἲ ◊✲ࡢ⏕⏘ᛶࢆㄽᩥᩘ࡜⿕ᘬ⏝ᩘ࡜ࡋ⿕ㄝ᫂ ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ≉チᩘ࡜ඹⴭ⪅ᩘࢆ ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋ⿕ᘬ⏝ᩘࡣྛᖺḟࡢ⿕ᘬ⏝ᩘࢆྛᖺḟ ࡢᖹᆒᘬ⏝ᩘ࡛㝖ࡍࡇ࡜࡛ṇつ໬ࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ ⫋Ṕࡀ㛗࠸◊✲⪅࡯࡝⵳✚ࡉࢀࡓ◊✲ᡂᯝࡀከ ࠸ࡓࡵࠊྛኚᩘࢆ⫋ᖺᩘ࡛๭ࡿࡇ࡜࡛⿵ṇࡋࡓࠋ ྛ⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘࡣ㠀㈇ࡢ್ࢆྲྀࡿࡓࡵࠊศᯒ࡟ࡣࢺ ࣮ࣅࢵࢺࣔࢹࣝࠊ࣏࢔ࢯࣥࣔࢹࣝ (Dietz and Bozeman, 2005)ࠊ㈇ࡢ஧㡯ศᕸࣔࢹࣝࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋ ㄝ᫂ኚᩘࡣࠊᏛ⾡᣺⯆≉ู◊✲ဨ⤒㦂ࡢ᭷↓ࠊ ⫋༊ศ࡜ࡋ࡚⾜ᨻᶵ㛵2_{࣭௻ᴗ࣭⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே}3_࡛ ࡢ⫋⤒㦂ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ࢔࢝ࢹ࣑࢔௨እ࡛ࡢ ⫋ࡢከᵝᛶࡀ◊✲άື࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㛵ಀࡍࡿࡢ ࠿ࢆࡳࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊୖグ3 ࡘࡢ༊ศ࡛ఱ༊ศ࡟ᒓࡋ ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡢኚᩘ(௨ୗࠊ⫋ࡢከᵝᛶ)ࢆ౑⏝ ࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊຓᡭࡢ⤒㦂ࡢ᭷↓ࠊ༞ᴗᏛ㒊࡜ྠ ࡌ኱Ꮫ࡬ࡢ⫋Ṕ᭷↓ࠊ༞ᴗ༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬࡜ྠࡌ኱ Ꮫ࡬ࡢ⫋Ṕ᭷↓ࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⫋Ṕࡀྠࡌᶵ㛵࠿࡝࠺ ࠿ࠊᾏእ࡛༤ኈྕࢆྲྀᚓࠊᾏእ࡛ࡢ⫋Ṕࡢ᭷↓ࠊ ⮫ᗋ་ᖌࡢ⤒㦂 (◊ಟ་᫬ᮇࢆ㝖ࡃ)ࠊᏛ⾡᣺⯆≉ ู◊✲ဨ࡜ຓᡭ⤒㦂ࡢ஺ᕪ㡯ࠊᛶู(⏨ᛶ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ 1)ࠊ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝ຓᡂ㔠㢠ࠊ༤ኈྕࡢ✀㢮(་Ꮫࠊ⌮ ᏛࠊṑᏛࠊᕤᏛࠊ㎰Ꮫࠊ⸆Ꮫࠊࡑࡢ௚)ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋ 5. ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ ࡲࡎࠊ1,232 ྡࡢ◊✲⪅ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢟ ࣕࣜ࢔᝟ሗࢆබ㛤ࡍࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡟◊✲⏕⏘ᛶࡀ 㛵ಀࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࢆศᯒࡋࡓࠋ⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘࢆࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ኚᩘࡀᥞࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࠊㄝ᫂ኚᩘࢆ ㄽᩥᩘࠊ⿕ᘬ⏝ᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ࣟࢪࢵࢺࣔࢹ࡛ࣝศᯒࡋ ࢜ࢵࢬẚࢆồࡵࡓࠋ࢜ࢵࢬẚࡢ⤖ᯝࡼࡾࠊㄽᩥᩘ 2 _{⾜ᨻᶵ㛵┤㎄ࡢ◊✲ᶵ㛵ࢆྵࡴࠋ} 3 _{2012 ᖺ 10 ᭶᫬Ⅼ࡛⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே࡛࠶ࡾࠊᅜ❧} ኱Ꮫἲே௨እࡢ⊂❧⾜ᨻἲேࢆᣦࡍࠋ㈈ᅋἲேࠊ ኱Ꮫඹྠ฼⏝ᶵ㛵ἲே(ᅜ❧኱Ꮫἲேἲ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ ࡀࠊ኱Ꮫ࡜༊ูࡍࡿࡓࡵ)ࡶྵࡴࠋ ࡀ1 ᮏቑ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔᝟ሗࢆබ㛤ࡍࡿ ☜⋡࡜බ㛤ࡋ࡞࠸☜⋡ࡢẚࡣ1.340 ࡛࠶ࡾࠊබ㛤 ࡍࡿ☜⋡ࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟ 34%ቑຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᘬ⏝ᩘ࡛ࡣ᭷ព࡞⤖ᯝࡣᚓࡽࢀࡎࠊ࢟ࣕ ࣜ࢔᝟ሗࢆබ㛤ࡍࡿ㑅ᢥ☜⋡࡜㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ ࡣ࠸࠼࡞࠸ࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊㄽᩥᩘࡀከ࠸◊✲⪅ࡢ᪉ࡀ ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔᝟ሗࢆබ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ☜⋡ࡀ㧗࠸ࡓࡵࠊᮏ ศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔᝟ሗࡀࡍ࡭࡚ᥞࡗ࡚࠸ ࡿ◊✲⪅ࡣࠊศᯒᑐ㇟እ࡜ࡋࡓ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔᝟ሗࢆබ 㛤ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸◊✲⪅ࡼࡾࡶࠊㄽᩥ⏕⏘ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ഴ ྥࡀ࠶ࡿⅬ࡟ὀពࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ 5.1 ㄽᩥᩘ࡛ࡢ⤖ᯝ ⾜ᨻᶵ㛵ࠊ௻ᴗࠊ⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே࡛ࡢ⫋⤒㦂࡟ࡘ ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⫋ࡢከᵝᛶኚᩘ(Model 1)ࠊ᭱ึࡢ⫋࡛࠶ ࡗࡓሙྜ(Model 2)࡜⫋Ṕ࡟࠶ࡿሙྜ(Model 3)࡛ 3 ࡘࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡟ศࡅࡓࠋ Ꮫ⾡᣺⯆≉ู◊✲ဨࡢ⤒㦂ࠊ᭱ึࡢ⫋ࡀ⊂❧⾜ ᨻἲே࡛࠶ࡿࠊ༞ᴗᏛ㒊࡜ྠࡌ኱Ꮫ࡬ࡢ⫋Ṕࡀ࠶ ࡿࠊ⮫ᗋ་ᖌ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⫋Ṕࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ⏨ᛶ࡛࠶ ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝ຓᡂ஦ᴗ㢠ࡣㄽᩥᩘ࡟⤫ィⓗ ࡟᭷ព࡟㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⫋ࡢከᵝᛶࡣ᭷ព࡞㛵ಀ ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ᭱ึࡢ⫋ࡲࡓࡣ⾜ᨻᶵ㛵࡛ࡢ ⫋Ṕࡣ㈇࡟᭷ព࡞㛵ಀࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋ 5.2 ᘬ⏝ᩘ࡛ࡢ⤖ᯝ ⫋ࡢከᵝᛶࠊ᭱ึࡢ⫋࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே࡛ ࡢ⫋Ṕࠊ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝ຓᡂ஦ᴗ㢠ࡣᘬ⏝ᩘ࡜᭷ព࡟ ṇࡢ㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ⮫ᗋ་ᖌࡢ⤒㦂ࡣ᭷ព࡛ ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ➢ྕࡣ㈇࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ 5.3 ≉チᩘ࡛ࡢ⤖ᯝ ඲࡚ࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊຓᡭࡢ⤒㦂ࡣ᭷ព࡟㈇ ࡢ㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே࡛ࡢ⤒㦂࡜⫋ࡢከᵝ ᛶࡣṇ࡟᭷ព࡞㛵ಀࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋᏛ⾡᣺⯆≉ู◊ ✲ဨࡢ⤒㦂ࡣ㈇࡟᭷ព࡞㛵ಀࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࡀࠊᏛ⾡ ᣺⯆≉ู◊✲ဨ࡜ຓᡭࡢ୧᪉ࡢ⤒㦂ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ሙྜ࡟ࡣṇ࡟᭷ព࡞㛵ಀࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋㄽᩥᩘ࡜ᘬ ⏝ᩘ࡛ࡣ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝ຓᡂ஦ᴗ㢠ࡀṇ࡟᭷ព࡛࠶ ࡗࡓࡀࠊ≉チᩘ࡜ࡣ㛵ಀࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ≉チ άືࡣ኱༙ࡢ◊✲⪅ࡢ୺せ࡞άື࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ≉チ ࢆಖᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ◊✲⪅ࡢ≉ᛶࡣ୍⯡ⓗ࡞◊✲⪅ ࡜␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀㄽᩥᩘ࡛ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜␗࡞ࡿせᅉ࡛ ࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ 5.4 ඹⴭ⪅ᩘ࡛ࡢ⤖ᯝ ㄽᩥᩘ࡜⮫ᗋ་ᖌ⤒㦂ࡣṇ࡟᭷ព࡞㛵ಀࡀࡳ ࡽࢀࡓࡀࠊඹⴭ⪅ࡀከ࠸ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ◊✲⏕⏘ᛶ࡜ ṇ ࡢ 㛵 ಀ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ྍ ⬟ ᛶ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ_{(Price and} Beaver 1966; Zuckerman 1967; Pao 1982; Pravdic and Oluic-Vukovic 1986; Beaver 2001; Lee and

― 1058 ― Bozeman 2005; Sooryamoorthy, 2013)ࠊඹⴭ⪅ᩘ࡜ ྛኚᩘ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ศᯒࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ⮫ ᗋ་ᖌ⤒㦂࡜ඹⴭ⪅ᩘ࡟ࡣṇ࡟᭷ព࡞㛵ಀࡣぢ ࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋከᵝ࡞⫋༊ศࢆ⤒㦂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀඹ ⴭ⪅ᩘ࡟㛵ಀࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊ⫋ࡢከᵝᛶࡣ ᭷ព࡞㛵ಀࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ᭱ึࡢ⫋ࡀ ௻ᴗࡸ⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே࡛࠶ࡿሙྜࠊඹⴭ⪅ᩘࡀከ࠸ ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊⱝᡭ᫬௦࡟௻ᴗࡸ⊂❧ ⾜ᨻἲே➼ࡢ࢔࢝ࢹ࣑࢔௨እ࡛ࡢ⤒㦂ࢆࡍࡿࡇ ࡜ࡀ◊✲⪅ࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆᗈࡆࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ ඹⴭ⪅ᩘ࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡋ ࠿ࡋࠊ᭱ึࡢ⫋ࡀ⾜ᨻᶵ㛵࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㈇࡟᭷ព ࡞㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᏛ⾡᣺⯆≉ู◊✲ဨࠊຓᡭ ࡢ⤒㦂ࡣ༢⊂࡛ࡣṇ࡟᭷ព࡞㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ୧᪉ ࢆ⤒㦂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㈇࡟᭷ព࡞㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ ࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ 5.5 ་Ꮫ༤ኈྕࡢ◊✲⪅ࡢࡳ࡛ࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝ  ་Ꮫ༤ኈྕࡢ◊✲⪅296ྡࡢࡳࢆᑐ㇟࡟ศᯒࡋ ࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ᭱ึࡢ⫋ࡀ⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ᭷ ព࡟ṇ࡟㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⮫ᗋ་ᖌࡢ⤒㦂࡜⛉Ꮫ◊ ✲㈝ຓᡂ஦ᴗ㢠ࡣㄽᩥᩘ࡟ṇ࡟᭷ព࡟㛵ಀࡋࠊ௻ ᴗ࡛ࡢ⤒㦂ࠊᏛ⾡᣺⯆≉ู◊✲ဨ࡜ຓᡭࡢ୧᪉ࡢ ⤒㦂ࡣᘬ⏝ᩘ࡟ṇ࡟㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋඹⴭ⪅ᩘ࡟࠾ ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ᭱ึࡢ⫋ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⫋⤒㦂ࡀ௻ᴗ࡛࠶ࡿࠊ ᭱ึࡢ⫋ࡀ⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣṇ࡟㛵ಀ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ⮫ᗋ་ᖌࡢ⤒㦂ࡣඹⴭ⪅ᩘ࡜᭷ ព࡞㛵ಀࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ⫋ࡢከᵝᛶ ࡣㄽᩥᩘ࡛ࡣ㛵ಀࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀᘬ⏝ᩘ࡛ ࡣṇࡢ㛵ಀࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋ 6. ⤖ㄽ ⮫ᗋ་ᖌࡢ⤒㦂࡜◊✲⏕⏘ᛶ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆศᯒ ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ⮫ᗋ་ᖌࡢ⤒㦂ࡣㄽᩥᩘ࡜ࡣṇ࡟᭷ព ࡞㛵ಀࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡀᘬ⏝ᩘ࡟ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ ⮫ᗋ་ᖌ⤒㦂࡜◊✲⏕⏘ᛶ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡀṇ࠿㈇࠿ ࡜࠸࠺௬ㄝ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ⮫ᗋ་ᖌ࡟ࡼࡾᚓࡓ▱㆑ ࡸ⤒㦂➼ࡀㄽᩥᩘ࡟ࡣṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ ♧၀ࡍࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊ◊✲᫬㛫ࡀ▷ࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࢖ࣥ ࣃࢡࢺࡢᙉ࠸ㄽᩥࢆฟࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ㞴ࡋࡃ࡞ࡿྍ⬟ ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊⱝᡭ᫬௦࡟௻ᴗࡸ⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே࡛⫋⤒㦂 ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣඹⴭ⪅ᩘ࡜ṇࡢ㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ ศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋᾏእ࡛ࡢ⫋⤒㦂ࡣ◊✲⏕⏘ᛶ࡜᭷ព࡞ 㛵ಀࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ Ꮫ⾡᣺⯆≉ู◊✲ဨ⤒㦂ࡣㄽᩥᩘ࡜ṇࡢ㛵ಀ ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡀࠊⱝᡭ᫬௦࠿ࡽඃ⚽࡞◊✲⪅ࡀ᥇ᢥ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡸ◊✲࡟ᑓᛕࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡞ ≧ἣࡀ㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟⊂❧⾜ ᨻἲே࡛ࡢ⫋⤒㦂ࡣㄽᩥᩘ࡜ᘬ⏝ᩘ࡟ṇ࡟㛵ಀ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊᮏศᯒ࡟ࡣ኱Ꮫඹྠ฼⏝ᶵ㛵࡬ࡢᡤ ᒓࡀྵࡲࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊ኱つᶍ࡞᪋タࡸタഛࢆ౑⏝࡛ ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ◊✲⏕⏘ᛶ࡟ṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿྍ⬟ ᛶࡶ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࠋ⫋ࡢከᵝᛶࡣᘬ⏝ᩘ࡜ṇࡢ㛵ಀ ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊከᵝ࡞⤌⧊࡛⫋⤒㦂ࡀ࠶ࡿ ࡇ࡜ࡀ࢖ࣥࣃࢡࢺࡢ࠶ࡿㄽᩥࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍࡇ࡜࡟ ᭷┈࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡓࡔࡋࠊᮏศᯒࡣ⮫ᗋ་Ꮫศ㔝ࡢ≉ᚩࢆ඲࡚ໟ ྵࡋ࡚ࡣ࠾ࡽࡎࠊࡲࡓ◊✲᫬㛫ࡸ▱㆑࡟㛵ࡍࡿኚ ᩘࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚ศᯒࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡸࠊ኱ᆺ➇தⓗ ㈨㔠࡟᥇ᢥࡉࢀࠊ࠿ࡘ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔᝟ሗࢆබ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿ◊✲⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ศᯒࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊᮏศᯒ ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ⏕࿨⛉Ꮫࠊ་Ꮫ⣔ศ㔝ࡢഴྥࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸Ⅼ࡟ࡣὀពࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩

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