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书 书 书

51

 

2016

       

西

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

JOURNAL OF SOUTHWEST JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY

        Vol. 51  No. 2 Apr. 2016

稿

20151102

:国

51408511

);中

2015

2682015CX080

);第

48

:赵

,张

,陈

,等

用[

西

2016

51

):

300312.    

02582724

2016

02030013    DOI

10. 3969 / j. issn. 02582724. 2016. 02. 010

非连续变形分析方法

及其在灾害防治研究中的应用

 

 

 

 

1.

西

,四

川成

610031

2.

,日

本福

8190395

 

:为

,用

DDA

discontinuous deformation analysis

、滑

的过程

,着重探讨了地震对灾害发生过程及其运动能力的影响

DDA

,整

,结

DDA

;竖

,可

,真

、滑

、防

,能

,冲

;文

,该

、设

DDA

;地

;地

;灾

P642. 22   

Discontinuous Deformation Analysis Method and

Its Applications to Disaster Prevention

ZHAO Xingquan

  ZHANG Yingbin

  CHEN Guangqi

YU Pengcheng

  HUAGN Xiaofu

  CHEN Yanyan

1. School of Civil Engineering

Southwest Jiaotong University

Chengdu 610031

China

2. Department of Civil and Structure Engineering

Kyushu University

Fukuoka 8190395

Japan

Abstract

In order to explore the characteristics of geological hazards induced by earthquake

the

discontinuous deformation analysis

DDA

was used to simulate the failure processes of rock collapses

landslides

and breakwaters under the earthquake loading.

Particularly

the influence of the

earthquake loading on hazard processes and motions was studied

and new modules were integrated into

the current DDA code to obtain the interaction forces. The results show that DDA can be applied to

evaluation of landslide mass mobility. The vertical ground motion can remarkably amplify the mobility

in the nearfault area. DDA has advantage in the wholeprocess simulation of landslide induced by

earthquake. The simulation results can reflect the characteristics of the failure processes of collapses

landslides and breakwaters faithfully. In addition

DDA is also able to calculate the impact force of

failure masses on structures. The peak value of the impact force is much larger than the static lateral

pressure

and is four times more than the static lateral pressure in the case study. Hence

the DDA

can provide technical guidance for site selection and design of disaster protection from the perspective

(2)

,等

:非

of reliability and economy.

Key words

DDA

earthquake

geological hazards

disaster prevention and control

   

,地

(尤

)岩

、方

、性

均不相同

,使

,复

,进

、稳

,当

,也

使

,形

,裂

,这

广

使

使

,非

,富

有代表性的非连续变形分析(

discontinuous

deformation analysis

DDA

)方

(如

)动

,该

DDA

,之

DDA

DDA

,该

广

DDA

正和扩展

29

,使其在落石

1013

、滑坡

1422

、隧

2325

、爆破

2628

、动力块体

2933

和其他工程应

3438

、实

DDA

,如

国的三峡工程

3940

、美国科罗拉多

Pueblo

41

、美

西

Yerba Buena

42

、挪

Gjovik

43

、以

Masada

4445

西

,以

,有

:一

,边

46

,即

;二

,如

,即

,岩

,一

,其

DDA

,具

DDA

问题的研究中

本文首先简要介绍

DDA

,然

DDA

、地

(包

)的

、地

,最

,对

DDA

、失

、破

、运

全过程进行数值模拟的可能性进行展望和

1  DDA

1. 1  DDA

    DDA

,块

,可

,其

,块

,块

,相互作用时严格遵守“不嵌入

、不张拉

,任

,其

,因

,第

  v

  r

  ε

  ε

  γ

xy

)为

)的

)为

ε

ε

γ

xy

)的

[

]

= T

y - y

x - x

y - y

/ 2

x - x

y - y

) (

x - x

[

]

DDA

,各

(3)

西

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

51

11

12

13

1n

21

22

23

2n

31

32

33

3n

  … 

n1

n2

n3





nn









,(

ij

6 × 6

(因

);

6 × 1

,其

)所

;[

]为

6 × 1

DDA

是一种完全动力的分析方法

,求解方

)后

,得

体的实时位移和变形

,根

“不

、不

”原

,重

,进

,直

2  DDA

   

,每

,尤

西

,往

大损失的是由地震引发的地质灾

47

,仅

15 000

,多

、滑

、泥

,而

,地

、隧

、变

,堵

,对

DDA

(如

1 

DDA

Fig. 1  DDA results of geological disaster

2. 1 

22

   

48

,其

,大

滑坡的典型代表

就大光包滑坡而

,滑

4. 5 km

,堆

2. 2 km

,滑

10 km

,估

7. 5

亿

km

,由

690 m

,大

,是

,此

,滑

,造

,因

,从

,对

,利

DDA

,对

,是

22

距离断层位置近(约

6. 5 km

)和规模巨大

(约

8 × 10

km

)是

,巨

,在

DDA

,必

,通

荷载来解决这个问题

;对于效应因

,依

润秋等

4951

的地质调查结果

,大光包

DDA

. DDA

52

、速

,具

2 

Fig. 2  Crosssections of the Daguangbao landslide before and after Wenchuan earthquake

3 

DDA

Fig. 3  DDA model of the Daguangbao landslide

算中各材料物理参数

、模型控制参数如

,其

22

,如

DDA

程如图

所示

,尤

(4)

,等

:非

,许

,考

,潜

,对

1 

Tab. 1  Physical parameters of materials

ρ /

kg

·

m- 3

2 500 2 600 2. 6 × 10 7

(虚

wy/

kN

·

m - 3

25 26 0

(虚

E / GPa 1. 86 2. 63 14. 76

ν 0. 2 0. 2 0. 1

φ /

°

10. 8 12. 18 23. 53

c / MPa 1. 276 1. 576 4. 052

σt/ kPa 12 32 556

2 

Tab. 2  Control parameters

0. 001

/ s 0. 005

/ Pa 5. 0 × 1011

1. 3

2 × 104

,同

、仅

、水

,大

,仅

,仅

,滑

944 m

,当

,滑

1 901 m

,此

,对

,竖

,通

,粘

的取值对滑坡运动特性的影响较

,而内摩擦角的取值明显影响着滑坡的运动

分析结果可以看出

,对大光包滑坡的

DDA

、滑

,同

,其

,造

,这

,通

DDA

,也

4  DDA

Fig. 4  Whole processes of DDA simulation of the daguangbao landslide

2. 2 

   

,经

、地

、风

、裂

,容

沿

,其

,轨

,但

,对

,地

,其

,增

,研

破坏的影响

,是目前关于此类灾害问题的

53

,部

,部

,研

,确

,这

DDA

,地

通过将加速

(5)

西

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

51

3 ~ 5

5 

Fig. 5  The assumed perilous rock

3 

Tab. 3  Model control parameters

0. 001

/ s 0. 001

/ Pa 4 × 1011

1. 3

7 × 104

GK1

(工

):天

(无

);

GK2

(工

):水

GK3

(工

):竖

GK4

(工

):水

、竖

4 

Tab. 4  Model material parameters

ρ /

kg

·

m- 3

2. 5 × 1010 2. 5 × 103

wy/

kN

·

m - 3

0 25

E / GPa 30 30

ν 0. 25 0. 25

5 

Tab. 5  Model joint parameters

c / MPa

ψ /

°

/ kPa

10 35 0

0. 05 20 0

,在

,危

,只

,危

. 3

种地震工况下

,危岩崩塌破坏过程如

,危

,危

,从

:裂

、抛

、停

,各

6 

Fig. 6  Perilous rock failure processes under different seismic excitations

(6)

,等

:非

6  3

Tab. 6  Calculation results of three types of seismic excitations

GK2 GK3 GK4

(

GK4 - GK2

)

GK2 /%

(

GK4 - GK3

)

GK3 /%

(

GK3 - GK2

)

GK2 / %

/ s 26. 10 33. 26 22. 60 - 13. 4 - 32. 1 2. 7

/ m 684. 53 699. 70 826. 08 20. 6 18. 1 2. 2

/ m 189. 93 204. 64 205. 90 8. 4 0. 6 7. 7

2. 89 2. 96 3. 51 21. 5 18. 6 2. 4

0. 68 0. 69 0. 71 4. 4 2. 9 2. 9

1. 01 1. 07 1. 08 6. 9 0. 9 5. 9    

:位

    3

1. 01

1. 07

1. 10

,明

0. 50

54

,由

,地

的发生

,而且对危岩崩塌体的运动距离有促进

,发

,工

,停

,还

、平均水平位移较之工况

均更加显

20. 6%

18. 1%

,平

8. 4%

0. 6% .

,无

、最

,工

,由

,破

,可

,是

,工

,块

2. 2%

7. 7%

,其

、最

、平

,可

55

,这

,在

,应

,只

DDA

法适合研究

,地

,而

,并

,竖

,这

2. 3 

   

,这

、交

5657

,许

给人民的生命和财产带来了巨大的损失

2008

,汶

60 100

20 000

58

,同

,测

,对

地震滑坡灾害的防治工作有重大

,对

,大

,很

,提

MAM

(复

52

59

,根

,利

DDA

,合

52

DDA

,建

DDA

DDA

参照

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