5: 86-101 (2016) * 2014 11- 12 (diversit y) (LAFCo) 1
(local government law) (local government )
(count y)
(municipal corporat ion; cit y, t own, village) (special dist rict )
(unincorporat ed area) 1 (diversit y) ( , 1990[1982] :227) (2009) * 86
2 2 3 4 Frug Barron 7 7
(local aut onomy) (cit y)
(Frug & Barron, 2008)
Frug 5 6 ( , 2011[2004]; 358- 359) 2014 ( ) ( ) ( ) (cit y) 1 2014 11 12 87
3
(1) ( ) (2)
(3)
(Police Prot ect ion and
Communit y Services Dist rict , ) (4)
(5)
(Local Agency Format ion Commission, LAFCo)
4
( 11 2 )
( 11 3 5 )
(chart ered cit y)
( ) ( ) ( ) LAFCo 2 1 2010
10,667 (US Census 2010) (single family)
7
1
1906
1900
(local cont rol) 1907
4
4 3 5
(Cit y Administ rat or) 10, 000
8
3 1 1
9
(Full Service Cit y)
(propert y t ax) (t ransfer t ax) 10
(ext ra t ax)
4 1
(municipal service t ax)
20, 000 (nat ural support ) NPO NPO 11 12 (propert y value) 1 1 11 7
(commercial area) (single family)
(t op of
commercial) 13
1
5 (condit ional use permit )
(Associat ion of Bay Area Government )
2015 1 31 (Housing Element ) (sanct ion) 2 2010 112, 580 14 1878 2 1
(init iat ive ballot )
15 1 1 3 5 35 8 8 ( 1 ) 16 2
(ballot box zoning)
17 3 18 2010 5, 077 (US Census 2010) 1 1900 1917 19 (t ax) (bureaucrat ic) 90
6
(Kensingt on Fire Prot ect ion Dist rict )
(President / Police Chief20)
)1 (Vice
President )1 (Direct or)3 5 (KPPCSD Board)
(Police Depart ment ) 9 (Police Officer) 1995 9 21 2.5km2 1989 22 (propert y t ax) 91
7 1990 23 (park assessment ) 5, 000 (power) 4 9, 667 (2013 ) 55 24 1960 18 25 (due) 5 LAFCo LAFCo 26 LAFCo 27 3 3 92
8
3 2 LAFCo 3
(urban limit line) 35%
65%
( )
(cit y limit / cit y boundary) (jurisdict ion)
LAFCo (financial st ruggle) LAFCo (vacant land) LAFCo 28
(General Law Cit y)29
(Chart ered Cit y)
30 LAFCo (reap flog developing) (illogical) 2 a) b) LAFCo LAFCo (undesirable developing) 2 1 LAFCo a) b) 31 LAFCo LAFCo 93
9
)
LAFCo 1
1 C IT Y O F W A L N U T C R E E K -
M ap s & D ire c tio n s < h ttp :/ / w w w .w aln u t- c re e k.o rg/ ab o u t/ v isitin g/ m ap s.asp >
(urban unincorporat ed area)
LAFCo LAFCo LAFCo 2- 1. 4 (1) (2) 94
10 1 1900 1906 1 32 33 LAFCo 9 02 (zone) (area) (propert y) 1 95
11 2 LAFCo LAFCo LAFCo LAFCo 34 2 (mult i- family) 96
12
( )
LAFCo
Ant onio Rossmann NPO [ ] 1) (local government ) 1 2) (2009) 1980 (2006[2004- 2005]) 97
13 3) (1990[1982]) municipal affairs 4) (2015) (2015)pp. 69- 70 5 8 5) 17 27 (2015)pp. 142- 146 6) (2013) 7) Margaret Fujioka
(Cit y Administ rat or) Paul Benoit Kat e Black Tim Rood
2014 12 2 8) 20 911 3 10 15 9) 2014 12 1 10) (commercial t ax) 11) IT 12) 18 28. 3% ( 25.0% 2010 US Census 2010) 13) 2008 68 0. 3 Cit y of Piedmont ,
General Plan(adopt ed April 6, 2009), Page3- 2.
14)
(Planning Manager) Carol R. Johnson Eric Angst adt
2014 12 4 15) 16) 3 2 17) 1980 ( 2 8 ) ( 2 9 ) ( , 1994: 8 ) 18) 98
14
Len Welsh Masako Welsh 2014 11 30
19) About KENSINGTON
(ht t p:/ / www.about kensingt on.com/ index. ht ml)
20) Kensingt on Police Prot ect ion and Communit y Service Dist rict
(ht t p:/ / www.kensingt oncalifornia. org/ ) President
(Police Chief) 2
21)
22)
23) 2014 300 200
24) 2014 12 4
Maureen A. Orourke Rossmoor
25) ETC
26) LAFCo 2014 12 3
LAFCo (Execut ive Officer) Lou Ann Texeira
27) 28) 2008 ( 60,000 ) LAFCo 29) 30) 2 17 31) Texeira 32) 33) 34) (2006; 147) 99
15 [ ] University Press, 2008. , , 1972, pp. 1055-1115. , 6 , , 2015 , , , 2006 [ 2004- 2005 ], 3- 194 , : , , 2009 , , , 2011 [ 2004 ], 343- 360 , - , , 1990 [ 1982 ], 253- 277 , , , 2013 , ( , ), : , , 1994 [Fulton, William B., .
Solano Press Books, 1991. ] , 22(2), 2015 , 61- 73 , , , 2006 URL About KENSINGTON ( 2015/08/18): http://www.aboutkensington.com/index.html
Kensington Police Protection and Community Service District ( 2015/08/18): http://www.kensingtoncalifornia.org/
City of Piedmont ( 2015/08/18):
http://www.ci.piedmont.ca.us/
CITY OF WALNUT CREEK- Maps & Directions ( 2015/08/18) http://www.walnut-creek.org/about/visiting/maps.asp
Contra Costa Local Agency Formation Commission ( 2015/08/20): http://www.contracostaLAFCo.org/
United States Census 2010( 2015/08/20)
http://www.dof.ca.gov/research/demographic/state_census_data_center/census_2010/#DP
ROSSMOOR FACT SHEET April 2014 ( 2015/08/20)
http://rossmoor.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/2014-Rossmoor-Fact-Sheet.pdf
16
Local Space Control by Various Local Self-government Organizations:
A Case Study of San Francisco Bay Area
Moe Maeda
Abstract: One of the American local self-government diversity
show a part of various local self-government circumstances focused on the -determination about multiple creation of local organization structures and management of local space. The author had interviews to the officers of the City of Berkeley and Piedmont, Kensington Police Protection and Community Service District in unincorporated area, Rossmoor residential community in the City of Walnut Creek , in December 2014. These interviews shows when residents choose the local organization structure in order to govern or control the area, it is influenced by the following factors; historical events such as a big earthquake or urbanization, the valance between received services and imposed burdens and a number of local value judgements. Those factors are diversity of American local self-government. This article suggests that the effectiveness of local organization structures
-diversity are generated by separation of local space and it might be surface conflicts among local organizations. On the other, no local organization can get entire independence from the surrounding area. - alifornia, their residents must consider on legal or real relationships among the organizations in local space.
Keywords: local self-government local space local residents
