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The Study of the Symbol of Holy Grail from Coimbra in Portugal to Japan -from the root of the symbolic Flag at the War of Shimabara in 17th Century-

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17th Century‑

year 2021‑05‑27

会議概要（会議名,  開催地, 会期, 主催 者等）

Presentation of International Conference: 

SOCIETY FOR EMBLEM STUDIES(SES), Road to SES Conference Coimbra   online sessions for 12th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, at Interuniversity Research Centre for Camonian Studies, Coimbra University (Universidade de Coimbra) in

Portugal, 27 May, 2021, 18 h Lisbon (GMT+

1:00)国際会議研究発表要旨・配付資料：発表日  2021年（令和3年） 5月27日（オンライン開催）、

主催：紋章学協会（SES）、第12回紋章学協会国際 会議基調報告、開催地（拠点）：コインブラ大学カ モニアン大学間研究センター、ポルトガル

URL http://hdl.handle.net/10236/00029693

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Road to CoimbRa- online sessions 12th inteRnational ConFeRenCe

soCietY FoR emblem stUdies

the stUdY oF the sYmbol oF holY GRail FRom

CoimbRa in PoRtUGal to JaPan

Dr. Takao Kawanishi FRGS (川西孝男) (The University of Tokyo , Royal Geographical Society RGS-IBG)

Session 2 |Thursday, 27 May, 2021 (18h Lisbon time) at University of Coimbra in Portugal

Contents

•holY GRail & KniGhts temPlaR

•mY theoRY on the emblem

•1. the aGe oF disCoveRY in PoRtUGal and KniGhts ChRist

•2. CoimbRa and holY GRail, and JaPanese beRnaRdo

•3. tensho missionaRY in PoRtUGal

•4. shimabaRa FlaG as the sYmbol oF holY GRail

•ConClUsion : JaPanese ChRistianitY and the holY GRail

holY GRail & KniGhts temPlaR

•Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Solomonici

holY GRail & KniGhts temPlaR

•1160, Convento de Cristo em Tomar

holY GRail & KniGhts temPlaR

• 12-13 century

• In Europe, Holy Grail and the Knight Story was spread.

• In France,Perceval, le Conte du Graalby Chrétien de Troyes

• In Holy Roman Empire, Parzivalby Wolfram von Eschenbach

•-> the Grail Knight is Templar

holY GRail & KniGhts temPlaR

•“Portugal”

•-> Port + Grail(Graal)

•PORTVS GRAAL - Historia Hermética de Portugal

•by José Rosa Baptista

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holY GRail & KniGhts temPlaR

•persecution started from 1307

•Finally, in 1312, Pope decided to ban and dissolved Templar as Heresy.

mY theoRY on the emblem 1. the aGe oF disCoveRY in PoRtUGal and KniGhts ChRist

•1318, Knights Christ by the King Denis 1st and Queen Isabel

•Ordem de Cristo, in Arquivo Nacional Torre do Tombo ANTT

mY theoRY on the emblem 1. the aGe oF disCoveRY in PoRtUGal and KniGhts ChRist

mY theoRY on the emblem 2. CoimbRa and holY GRail, and JaPanese beRnaRdo

•Emblems of Coimbra

•ー＞Holy Grail ＆ Queen

•The woman is Portugal Queen Saint Elizabeth of Aragon (1271-1336), who lived in Coimbra

mY theoRY on the emblem 2. CoimbRa and holY GRail, and JaPanese beRnaRdo

•Emblems of Coimbra

mY theoRY on the emblem 2. CoimbRa and holY GRail, and JaPanese beRnaRdo

•Emblems of Coimbra from 13thCentury

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mY theoRY on the emblem 2. CoimbRa and holY GRail, and JaPanese beRnaRdo

Patron Saint Elizabeth in Coimbra

mY theoRY on the emblem 2. CoimbRa and holY GRail, and JaPanese beRnaRdo

•beRnaRdo oF satsUma

•(?-1557 Coimbla)

•With Xabier Mission

•(in Japan, to Vatican)

•He went to Holy Grail place in Europe, after Coimbra University (his last place)

mY theoRY on the emblem 2. CoimbRa and holY GRail, and JaPanese beRnaRdo

Porto

Portus(Porto) Cale = Portugal Portuguese Missionary

•Melchior Nunes Barreto (1520Porto-1571Goa), Doctor of Theology, Coimbra Univ

•In 1544, Barreto joined the Society of Jesus in Coimbra, by the Virgin Mary in a dream

•In 1556, He went to Japan (Bungo) with western Books.

mY theoRY on the emblem 2. CoimbRa and holY GRail, and JaPanese beRnaRdo

•Manuel Álvares(1526 — 1583Évora)

•studied in Coimbra Uni about Latin, Hebrew, Greek etc. entered IHS, after teaching in Coimbra Uni as Rector

•Ratio Studiorum(The Official Plan for Jesuit Education)

•published in Japan in 1594, with partial translation into Japanese.

mY theoRY on the emblem 3. tensho missionaRY in PoRtUGal

•1582-84Lisbon, Madrid-85Florence, Rome-86 Evora,Coimbra,Lisbon-87Goa-90

mY theoRY on the emblem 3. tensho missionaRY in PoRtUGal

•Evora Cathedral

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mY theoRY on the emblem 3. tensho missionaRY in PoRtUGal

•In Coimbra 1585, December

•2 weeks stay

•saw Coimbra University and Christmas Fest

•-> search about the traces (Tomb, chapel etc)of Bernard

mY theoRY on the emblem 4. shimabaRa FlaG as the sYmbol oF holY GRail

•天草四郎陣中旗（綸子 地著色聖体秘蹟図指物 RINZUGICYAKUSYOKU- SEITAIHISEKIZU- SASIMONO ）

•島原の乱War of Shimabara (1637-38年）

•山田右衛門作Yamada Emosaku

•天草切支丹記念館所蔵

•Teaching from Portuguese Oil Painter Giovanni Nicolao

WaR oF shimabaRa（maP）

WaR oF shimabaRa

島原の乱

Root oF shimabaRa (GRail)FRaG

• Yamada Emosaku山田右衛 門作1575-1657

• Oil Painting in Arima Seminario from IHS father Paulo Navarroand Painter Giovanni Nicolao

• Both are Italian, So, Previous research said This Shimabara Flag has the root from Itary,…

However…

•Pedro Paulo Navarro (1560Italy- 1622Japan)

•His biography written by Mateus de Couros, after Navarro’s martyrdomon 1 Nov 1622. Couros tells

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mY theoRY on the emblem 4. shimabaRa FlaG as the sYmbol oF holY GRail

織田信⾧Nobunaga Oda by Ink Painting in 16 century

•Giovanni Nicolao、1560- 1623

•was Jesuit Italian painter who in 1583 was sent to found a seminario(Christian school) of painting, in Japan.

•-> He or his student (disciple) drew the picture of Oda Nobunaga->

泰西王侯騎馬図

TAISEIOUKOUKIBAZU ca.1610 Nicolao painting style by Japanese Christian

•ＬＯＶＶＡＤＯ ＳＥＩＡ Ｏ

ＳＡＮＣＴＩＳＳＩＭＯ ＳＡＣＲＡＭＥＮＴＯ

•lovvado seia o sanCtissimo saCRament

•(Old Portuguese)

•PRaise the holY saCRament -> holY GRail

mY theoRY on the emblem 4. shimabaRa FlaG as the sYmbol oF holY GRail

•Doctrina Christã

•（どちりな・きりし たんin Japanese, ca.

1600）

•->at the first time,Melchior Nunes Barreto (Coimbra man!)bring and edit for Japanese in 1556.

•→エウカリスチアの

サクラメント Eucharistic Sacrament

mY theoRY on the emblem 4. shimabaRa FlaG as the sYmbol oF holY GRail

mY theoRY on the emblem 4. shimabaRa FlaG as the sYmbol oF holY GRail

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mY theoRY on the emblem 4. shimabaRa FlaG as the sYmbol oF holY GRail

SHIMABARA Flag in Japan Evora in Portugal

mY theoRY on the emblem 4. shimabaRa FlaG as the sYmbol oF holY GRail

The Eucharist the Last Supper by Juan de Juanes, mid-late 16th century

ConClUsion : JaPanese ChRistianitY and the holY GRail

< end > thanK YoU FoR YoUR listeninG…

(note, CooPeRation & ReFeRenCe)

note:

• This presentation is one of works of the Specific Joint Research by Japanese Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEXT) in Historiographical Institute, the University of Tokyo titled Interdisciplinary Research on the Records of the Portuguese Indian State, Jesuit letters and the VOC and EIC Archives (Monsoon Project, Matsukata Fuyuko Team

•(My institute by my painting)

main CooPeRation oF abRoad institUtes

•in eURoPe

•Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana

•Archivum Secretum Apostolicum Vaticanum

•Archivum Romanum Sosietatis Iesu

•Biblioteca Angelica

•Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Roma

•in PoRtUGal

•Universidade de Coimbra

•Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo (ANTT)

•Biblioteca Nacional,Lisboa(BNP)

•Biblioteca do Palácio Nacional da Ajuda

•Museu de Marinha

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main ReFeRenCe(as PRevioUs WoRKs)

•FRom eURoPe

•Kirmeier, Brockhoff (Hrsg.): Herzöge und Heilige. Das Geschlecht der Andechs-Meranier im europäischen Hochmittelalter. München, 1993

•Lothar Hennig(Hrsg.), Die Andechs-Meranier in Franken.

Europaeisches Fuerstentum im Hochmittelalter, Mainz, 1998

•Wolfram von Eschenbach, Parzival I und II: Text und Kommentar, Ulm, 2006

•Chretien De Troyes, Perceval Le Conte Du Graal Altfranzösisch/Deutsch, Reclam, 2009

•Fr. Vincent McNabb O.P.St. Elizabeth, Queen of Portugal, 2015 Reprint in English(Orignal 1937)

•José R. Baptista, PORTVS GRAAL - Historia Hermética de Portugal, Lisbon, 2014

main ReFeRenCe(as PRevioUs WoRKs)

•FRom JaPan i

•東京大学史料編纂所編「日本関係海外史料 オランダ商館 長日記」東京大学出版会、1974－

•高瀬弘一郎訳駐「モンスーン文書と日本 17世紀ポルトガル 公文書集」八木書店、2006

•林銑吉「島原半島史」国書刊行会、1979

•岡本良知「キリシタンの時代 その文化と貿易」八木書店、

1987

•増田信一「島原の星 悲劇の絵師 山田右衛門作」文芸社、

2003

•デ・サンデ著、泉井ほか共訳「デ・サンデ天正遣欧使節記」

雄松堂、1969

main ReFeRenCe(as PRevioUs WoRKs)

•FRom JaPan ii

•長崎県南有馬町監修「原城発掘」人物往来社、2000

•岡田章雄「天草時貞」吉川弘文館、1960

•神田千里「島原の乱」中央公論新社、2005

•戸田敏夫「天草・島原の乱－細川藩史料による－」人物往来 社、1988

•松尾潤一「祈りの記憶 長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタンの 世界」批評社、2018

•川西孝男「聖杯騎士伝説の研究」関西学院大学出版会、

2016

JOAN OF ARC – THE FEMALE TEMPLAR WARRIOR KNIGHT?

Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris

Crusader Flag

Jerusalem Cross or Kingdom

Flag in 12 century Templar Flag

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Templar and Grail is Perceval or Parzival（Images）

Shirou Amakusa

Shirou Amakusa (My New Image)

shiRoU amaKUsa as

PaRsiFal

参照

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