2. ado odbhāvana k 1 u ‚

mŒ‚`“ŒqY; nigrahasthāna ΖЂэ 2 ю

―adoṣodbhāvana 924 ― Îɫ ¶

1. F F ‰ R G

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ȿǍ&.J;<Ώ2O8ђ,"5ɮ̙5<ѐadoṣodbhāvana;ζΰ̩ȍ5QVN 21,9-24,7 UΟĄ&4Ζΰ’ʈΛ(Q"65ѐadoṣodbhāvana;ÿƜķ?mŒ‚`“ŒqYVN94 ǾƔ&4QΛζэvādaю;Ǵʀ924Θķ&22ѐVN9 QΛζ;ĝȺɱÃ;öς Uɐ̌(Q"6U˸ʏ6(Qђ

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lэVNMSюQ³ѐ˦ϊǸѐЖOR.ê8̩ȍUИ4ŃαǴ9ʒ QђF.ѐ͎

1 mŒ‚`“ŒqY;ȺĢ;ɱÃ;Ɣ͍9ƣ(Qѐǣ͠ϔ;ζ˞ƍΰ;ĺɑKv‡“‡ƍ ʱ;ΐƔ6;ƣʞ9Ū3ѐ˕͠Ǵ6dzǾń˴ǿ͍;Ζΰ924<ѐȚ̙Sasaki [2013]Uĵ ˉђ

2 ";0ѐĒ͐;asādhanā gavacana924<Ț̙Sasaki [2012] 94Ϊζ&.ђ

3 ̥͐2012lj9ɦ9x{“ŒŤ̟øɂɢуU˹ȦƧ:4˝Ŧ͗œ;ɇ9δC4б.6"Sѐ

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$O9ѐVN;Ζα;.I9ѐVN9ƣ(Qg†“lŠaglэŚāntarakṣita, c. 725-788ю;

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Źƍ;ŢɢуU̹ˤ&4õȎ&.J;Uĵˉ(Q⁴ђF.ѐϷƕVADѐķ?n€osήΟUʰˢ

&.ђ

2. ado odbhāvana k 1 u ‚

mŒ‚`“ŒqY<asādhanā gavacana;±ϫP;ΖЂǓ&̷.ǧ5ѐadoṣodbhāvana; ΖΰU΀ђF)ѐ,;̤”ΖЂ<ʓ;N9ΰɐ$RQђ

VN 21,9-15: adoṣodbhāvanaṃ prativādino nigrahasthānam. vādinā sādhane prayukte 'bhyupagatottarapakṣo yatra viṣaye prativādī yadā na doṣam udbhāvayati, tadā parājito vaktavyaḥ.

sādhanadoṣāḥ punar nyūnatvam asiddhir anaikāntikatā vādinaḥ sādhayitum iṣṭasyārthasya viparyayasādhanam aṣṭādaśa dṛṣṭāntadoṣāś ca. teṣām anudbhāvanam apratyāyanam apratipādanaṃ prativādinaḥ parājayādhikaraṇam.

adoṣodbhāvana⁵<ѐƣζ͐9614;ȺĢ;ɱÃ5Qђ̟ζ͐΢ɐU̟4.69ѐ

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8ѐVādanyāyaķ?Vipañcitārthā;Ăɮr“lKѐĂɮАϭ;ɧ˶8ǺŬ;õȎ9.1

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5 adoṣodbhāvana<ĆΖ;¼ɇ9N14®ϫP9ή͍ΖЂŃ͚5Q.Iѐ,;ή͍ΖЂU”

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ʌDz;˞Ζ9614ɧ˶5SђCf. PKM 674,16-19 (= PM 82,18-20): yac cedam, adoṣodbhāva- nam ity asya vyākhyānam. prasajyapratiṣedhe doṣodbhāvanābhāvamātram adoṣodbhāvanam, paryudāse tu doṣābhāsānām anyadoṣāṇāṃ codbhāvanaṃ prativādino nigrahasthānam itiэF.ʓ;N9ѝΘT

RQўђadoṣodbhāvanam6";ѝήUўΰɐ(Qђ̲̭ŌƔ5ѝΖЂ(QŭŇўѐ./Ī9

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ǧ¡Ǜ⁶UέIQƣζ͐ÐO;ѝ̆OV6ʔ&.ў⁷ƣρ9А&4ϲŻUȞȯ&8ŭ Ň9<ѐѝ,;ƣζ͐<ўσ$R.6ΘTR:=8O8ђ8ѐ΢ɐ;ϲŻ6<ѐš

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ƣζ͐9614;ȺĢ;ɱÃ5Q adoṣodbhāvana <ѐ,;ή͍ΖЂ;¼ɇ9DZ'4ѐ

®ϫP9ΖЂŃ͚5Qђ,;̤”ΖЂ5<ѐadoṣodbhāvana< doṣasyānudbhāvanam 6ή͍Ć Ζ5ѐϲŻUȞȯ&8"66Ο$RǩQђį0ѐ̟ζ͐΢ɐU΀ѐƣζ͐,;̟

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× 6 & 4 ȟ ! O R 4 Q J ; < š Ϗ 6 ˮ É ΢ Š 6 ˮ É Ś × 5 Q ѐ š Ϗ < , ; ÿ Ɯ ˜ asādhanā gavacana;̤®ΖЂ9˺ǝ&ѐ½ɇ5ˮÉ΢Š6ˮÉŚ×;®2<asādhanā gavacana

;̤ŞΖЂ9˺ǝ(QJ;5Q¹¹ђ8ѐmŒ‚`“ŒqYasādhanā gavacana;½;θΖ ЂU""5;ϲŻ9Ѐω&48˞ˤ<šɐ5Qђ

6 ƪ86JmŒ‚`“ŒqY;ǾƔ(QЖP5;Λζ;ɺ̸G5<ѐ̟ζ͐F)΢ɐU̟

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ΰ6˞Ζ(Qђ

7 See VA 69,24: yatra vi aye jijñāsite, ajijñāsite punar do asyānudbhāvane 'pi nāparādha ity

abhiprāyaḥэÐO;ƣρ9А&46<ѐ̆OV6ʔ&.ѝƣρў9А&4ѝ6"65

Qўђ&&ѐ̆OV6ʔ&48ѝƣρў9А&4ѝƣζ͐ўϲŻUȞȯ&86&4 Jѐѝƣζ͐9ўϵĺ<8ѐ6ǿŎ5Qюђ

8 šϏэnyūnatāю;ÿƜ<ʓ;N9˞Ζ&ǩQђCf. PV IV 23: anuktāv api pakṣasya siddher apratibandhataḥ / triṣv anyatamarūpasyaivānuktir nyūnatoditā //э¡ǛŐиϤCOR86&4Jѐ ѝ΢ɐƣρ;ў̟̉<Ƃ!OR8Oѐѝ΢Š;ў—ѝɱÃў;0;)R”2;ɱÃ/

5JϤC8"6ѐšϏ5Q6ϤCOR.юљNBṬ 189,5 (ad NB III 55): trayāṇāṃ rūpāṇāṃ

nyūnatā nāma sādhanadoṣaḥэ—ɱÃ;šϏ6;ѐ΢ɐ;ϲŻ5Qюђ8ѐ΢Š;—ɱ

à ; 0 ; ” 2 ; ɱ à 5 J Ϥ C 8 6 " 6 < ѐ ̟ ζ ͐ 9 6 1 4 ; ϲ Ż 5 Q

asādhanā gavacana;̤®ΖЂэ΢ɐȎʝ;ʍȈ΍̴UϤC8"6ѐCf. VN 17,4-8ю9˺ǝ(

QђMuch [1991: 39, Anm. 192]Jĵˉђ

9 ""5<NB III 123-13694ĉȟ$RQĥ÷̗м;ˮÉŚ×ǾƔ$R4Q6͏O RQђĥ÷̗м;ˮÉŚ×;ÿƜ924<ѐBalcerowicz [1999]Uĵˉђ

10 ƗП9<ѐƣζ̟͐ζ͐;΢ɐ;ϲŻUȞȯ&86&4Jѐǰ)&JȺĢ(Q"698 Q6<ЖO8ђƣζ͐ϲŻUȞȯ&8ŭŇ514Jѐ,J,J̟ζ͐;΢ɐί14 Q69<ѐž͐9ĝȺ86ċƔ$RQO5QђCf. VN 21,17-22.

11 asādhanā gavacana ;̤®ΖЂķ?̤ŞΖЂ924< Sasaki [2012]Uĵˉђ8ѐMuch [1991: 49, Anm. 236] 9 Ȟ ȯ $ R Q N 9 ѐ " " 5 ȩ ̌ $ R Q ΢ ɐ ; ϲ Ż ; ¦ & $ 6 ѐ

asādhanā gavacana;̩ȍ5ĉȟ$RQ΢ɐ;ϲŻ;Ÿʎ$9ЋGR=ѐ";̩ȍ5;ϲŻ;×

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mŒ‚`“ŒqY<$O9̀ 4ѐƣζ͐ϲŻUȞȯ&8˞ˤ924ѐʓ;N8͏

ƟU΀814Qђ

VN 21,16-22: tat punaḥ sādhanasya nirdoṣatvāt, sadoṣatve 'pi prativādino 'jñānāt, pratipādanāsā- marthyād vā. na hi duṣṭasādhanābhidhāne 'pi vādinaḥ prativādināpratipādite doṣe parājayavyavasthāpanā yuktā, tayor eva parasparasāmarthyopaghātāpekṣayā jayaparājayavyava- sthāpanāt. kevalaṃ hetvābhāsād bhūtapratipatter abhāvād apratipādakasya jayo 'pi nāsty eva. na hi tattvacintāyāṃ kaścic chalavyavahāraḥ.

8ѐ,RэϲŻUȞȯ&8"6ю<ѝʓ;—2;˞ˤ9NQJ;5Qўђ΢ɐ9ϲŻ 8OѐQ<ѐѝ΢ɐ9ўϲŻ1.6&4Jƣζ͐ѝ,;ϲŻ9ўʡ38 OѐQ<ѐѝ΢ɐ9ϲŻ1.6&4Jƣζ͐9<΢ɐ;ϲŻUў¹²ΰ̌(Q͚

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mŒ‚`“ŒqY<ѐƣζ̟͐ζ͐;ϲŻUȞȯ&8˞ˤ6&4ѐэ1ю̟ζ͐;̟4.

΢ɐ9,J,JϲŻ8.Iƣζ͐ϲŻUȞȯ58ѐэ2ю̟ζ͐;̟4.΢ɐ9ϲŻ 1.6&4Jƣζ͐,;ϲŻ9ʡ38ѐэ3ю̟ζ͐;̟4.΢ɐ9ϲŻ1.6

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;0ѐэ1ю924mŒ‚`“ŒqY<";̩ȍ5<"RÀ˜ÐJζ'48ѐǧ;Ν Ϥ¹⁶UϒFQ9ѐэ1ю;ŭŇ9<̟ζ͐;ĝč6ƣζ͐;ȺĢDŽ̺(Q6͏ORQђ

12 See VA 70,15: sado e tv ajñānāsāmarthyābhyām ....

13 Cf. VN 24,4-5; VN 21,16-17; VN 23,4-6.

14 ɠΖэchalaю<Nyāyasūtra5ʓ;N9ΰRQђNS 1.2.10-11: vacanavighāto 'rthavikalpopa- pattyā chalam // tat trividhaṃ vākchalaṃ sāmānyacchalam upacāracchalaṃ ceti //эɠΖэchalaю6<ѐ ѝɀ͐;ўώǿ;¿TP68Qѝ˞ΖўUό"("69N14ѐѝɀ͐;ўΘɐUȣɄ(Q"6 5Qђ,R<ѐήǞ;ɠΖѐ”ͩġ;ɠΖѐÁΜ;ɠΖѐ6—̗5Qюђ—̗м;ɠΖ

;Ϊ̵924<ѐNS 1.2.12-17Uĵˉђ

15 Much [1991: 49, Anm. 238]<ѐɥǧ;”ɂ";̩ȍNPJH&SVN 22,8ff.;Ą/&;ɂ͛

9",δő(Q6G8&4ѐ";ɂČ;Ì͋9̔ě$RǩQ6Ń͚ǴǓŕ&4Qђ

&&̪Ώ5<ѐVN 21,16-22 (tat punaḥ ... nāsty eva.) F5;̩ȍ<VN 22,1-794ȷI4 Ϊζ$RѐVN 21,22 (na hi ... chalavyavahāraḥ.) F5;̩ȍ<VN 22,8ff.5ȷI4ΰɐ$R4Q

;/6G8&4Jѐˑ9šȿŇ<86͏ORQђ

16 Cf. VN 23,22-23.

½ɇ5ѐэ2юķ?э3ю;ŭŇ9<̟ζ͐6ƣζ͐;Ĺɇ9ĝȺό"O86mŒ‚`“Œ

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VN 22,1-7: yady evaṃ kiṃ na parājayaḥ, tattvasiddhibhraṃśāt. nānirākaraṇāt. nirākaraṇaṃ hi tasyānyena parājayaḥ, na siddhyabhāvaḥ, pratiyogyanapekṣaṇāt siddhyabhāvasya, sādhanābhāve 'saty api pratiyogini bhāvāt. pratiyoginaś ca tannirākaraṇe 'sāmarthyāt parājayasyānutpatter aparājayaḥ. tasmād ayam asamarthasādhanābhidhāyy api pareṇa tathābhāve 'pratipādite 'parājito vaktavyaḥ.

эĺζјюJ&,5Q8O=ѐ7&4ѝ̟ζ͐<ўưɨ&8;ђ6;Jѝ̟

ζ͐<ў˿Ɨ;̟̉9ŻȺ&4Q;/Oђэ̧ζјюѝƣζ͐<̟ζ͐;΢ɐUўŌƔ

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½͐эƣζ͐ю9NQŌƔ<ǣэ̟ζ͐ю;ưɨ5Qѐѝ̟ζ͐9˿Ɨ;ў̟̉8

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17 ""5<ѐpratiyogin;n€osήΟ”τ&4phyir rgol ba6$R4Q"69Ū34ѐ pratiyogin<ƣζ͐;"6UȞ(6˞Ζ(QђCf. D336b7/P377a7.

18 VNRķ?VND5<pratiyogyapekṣaṇāt (= VNR 70,8; VND 68,9)5Pѐn€osήΟ5<phyir rgol ba la ltos (D; bltos P) pa'i phyir ro (= D336b7/P377a7)6͎Ο$R4Qq`isUѐMuch<

pratiyogyanapekṣaṇāt (= VN 22,3)6ɽΙ&4QѐɽΙ9П&4ÐO;ɂ˗˜;ɿȜUȟ!

4QT 5<8ђ½ɇ5ѐGokhale<pratiyogyapekṣaṇāt<,;FF9ѐ,;ή;ǧ9daṇḍa UЀ(Q"65ΖЂU˫9&4QђCf. Gokhale [1993: 56,9]ђɮ̙5<ѐVNɮɂ;ÿƜ9Ћ G4Much;q`isUȤ1.ђ

9NQ˿Ɨ;Ь̟̉ѐ̟ζ͐;ȺĢ;ĥĆ8ɿȜ68Q"6<ѐʦ&486ΘQђmŒ

‚`“ŒqY9614̟ζ͐;ȺĢUʦIQ.I;ĥĆ8ɱÃ<ѐ̟ζ͐˿ƗỦ̟&8

"65<8ѐƣζ̟͐ζ͐ΰUŌƔ&ѐ,R9N14˿ƗUɐ̌(Q6̟ζ͐;͚Ĕ UȮű*&IQ"69½8O8;5Qђ

,Rȹ9ѐ̟ζ͐;̟4.΢ɐ9ϲŻ1.6&4Jƣζ͐,;ϲŻ9ʡ386 э2ю;ŭŇ9<ѐ̟ζ͐<ƣζ͐9N14ŌƔ$R48.IȺĢ&.6<G8$R)ѐ F.ƣζ͐J˿ƗUɐ̌(Q̟ζ͐;͚ĔUȮű*&I.T 5<8;5ĝč&.6<G8

$R8ђǨ14ѐž͐ú9ĝȺ8&6ċƔǩORQ"698Qђ$O9ѐ̟ζ͐;΢

ɐ;ϲŻUΰ̌(Q͚Ĕƣζ͐9<86э3ю;ŭŇ9Jѐ˜Ν6ňʎ;˞ˤOѐ̟

ζ͐6ƣζ͐;Ĺɇ9ĝȺ86̺ζ5Qђ

À˜;ÿƜOѐmŒ‚`“ŒqY;ǾƔ(QΛζ5<ѐ̟ζ͐;΢ɐ;ʖίįǑ9,;

̟ζ͐;ĝȺ9˹̺(QT 5<8ѐ6"6Uȧ̆(Q"65Q5SђƗП;

6"S";ΏΖ<mŒ‚`“ŒqY;ΐƔ(QΛζ;ĝȺɱÃ94”τ&4Þ.R4Pѐ ǧϤ(QN9¹⁹ѐ̟ζ͐ʖ&΢ɐUϤC.9JTO)ƣζ͐ˮÉϲŻUȞȯ&.

ŭŇ9ѐ̟ζ͐,;ˮÉϲŻUϧ 8 R=ž͐9ĝȺ<8ѐ6ƔIORQΐƔ94 J̉¥6&4ϫǎ&4Q"6ĆQђ

$4ѐĝȺ9А(Q˜Ȩ;ƀΐƔ<ѐ̪Ώ;ЖP5<mŒ‚`“ŒqYÀĒ9<ΏOR8 J;5Pѐǣ˕͠;J;5Q6ΘNђmŒ‚`“ŒqY9N14";N8ĝȺɱ ÃU¾›$RQΛζ;ǟȂ<ѐƗ;6"S,;ȎʝK˸˴6˄5Jv‡“‡ƍʱ9NQǨ ɲΐƔ9<8˕͠;ˑǭUȝ14QђÀЕ;̩ȍ5<ѐVN 5ǾƔ$R4QΛζʌ Dz,R͠Ï9ƣ(QʈΛ˅$RQ"698Qђ

VN 22,8-16: chalavyavahāre 'pi vijigīṣūṇāṃ vāda iti cet, na, durjanavipratipattyadhikāre satāṃ śāstrāpravṛtteḥ. na hi parānugrahapravṛttā mithyāpralāpārambhātmotkarṣaparapaṃsanādīn asa- dvyavahārān upadiśanti. na ca paravipaṃsanena lābhasatkāraślokopārjanaṃ satām ācāraḥ. nāpi tathāpravṛttebhyaḥ svahastadānena prāṇinām upatāpanaṃ satsaṃmatānāṃ śāstrakārasabhāsadāṃ yuktam. na ca nyāyaśāstrāṇi sadbhir lābhādyupārjanāya praṇīyante. tasmān na yogavihitaḥ kaścid vijigīṣuvādo nāma.

эĺζјюɠΖ˴΀˅QŭŇ514Jѐĝ.V6ʔ(Q͐9614;Λζ²⁰

19 Cf. VN 24,2-5.

20 mŒ‚`“ŒqY""5ĝ.V6ʔ(Q͐9614;Λζ6ή5̌ŕ&4QJ

;<ѐv‡“‡ƍʱ;ΐƔ(Qζεэjalpaю;"65S6ȧƟ$RQђCf. NBh 2000,2-3 (ad NS 4.2.51): vigṛhyeti vijigīṣayā, na tattvabubhutsayeti, tad etad vidyāpālanārtham, na lābhapūjākhyātyartham itiэѝζεэjalpaю6ζΧэvitaṇḍāю;.05ɀƣ˴ƣζό"Q6 ŭŇ;ўɀƣ˴6<ѐĝ.V6(Qʔɩ9NQѝ6ǿŎ514ўѐ˿ƗŬS

Qѐ6ĺζ(Q8O=ѝʓ;N9̧Qўђэ̧ζјюѝ,;N8"6<ў8ђǸ·.

0;Ǹ΀²¹9ЋG4ѐř·.0<ȻΰU˅$8O5Qђį0ѐ½͐9Ί˶(Qѝř

·.0ў<ѐϲί;QˆхΨUƅIQ"69N14͠ϔUΫ1.P½͐U͸V/P(Q

̦6Ǹ&ʰěUȻ̌&8ђF.ѐ½͐UÙϞ(Q"69N14č˶KǶȽKʼnά UǩQ"6<ѐř·.0;΀5<8²²ђ,&4F.ѐ,;N9ѝ½͐UÙϞў(Q

͐.09ƾ;ȎUƽ&ÈCQ"65·Uͯ&IQ"6<ѐƍμ͐;ФÅ9ĵĖ(Qř·

6G8$RQ͐.09614˺DZ&8ђF.ѐř·.0<č˶̦UǩQ.I9θ;

ʖ˞;ζɢUÓȈ(Q"6<8ђ,Rȹ9эĝ.V6ʔ(Q͐9614;Λζ9 4˅$RQǸ΀;ȹ9юѐѝɠΖ879N14˅$RQўTLQĝ.V6ʔ(Q͐96 14;Λζ<ѐʦ&4ϳ˞9đ1.J;ѝį0ѐ˞9Ϸ1.J;ў5<8²³ђ

";̩ȍ5<ѐmŒ‚`“ŒqY;͏QѐΛζ94έI.θ΀˅ĉȟ$R4 Qђř·.0΀T8"66$RQȾ;΀˅;×̌<ѐ·UϢ*=ѐǸ·.0Λζ;ŭ 5˅(Ǹ΀9½8O8ѐ6ЬШ6814Q6˞Ζ5Nђį0ѐĝčUʤIV6(

QǸ·.0<ѐΛζ9П&4ѐɠΖ˴΀˅U˅&ѐϲί;QˆхΨUƅIQ"69N1 4͠ϔUΫ1.P½͐U͸V/P&ѐ½͐UÙϞ(Q"69N14č˶KǶȽKʼnάUǩ 4ѐ$O9½͐UÙϞ(Q͐.09ƾ;ȎUƽ&ÈCQ"65·Uͯ&IQ˜9ѐč˶

̦UǩQ.I9ζɢUÓȈ(Q̦61.Ǹ&΀˅U΀·5Q6"6ѐ̌ŕ 6(Qкɩ9NQѝ6ǿŎ5<ў8ђ,;"6эɀƣ˴ƣζю<ƍ̆;ȴο;.I9 Q;514ѐč˶’ƦȽ’ʼnų;.I9Q;5<8юђζΧэvitaṇḍāю9А&4<ѐ VN 5 < Č Ϫ Ȑ ċ $ R 4 Q ̩ ȍ Q ђCf. VN 61,1-2: etenaiva vitaṇḍā pratyuktābhyupa-

gamābhāve vivādābhāvātэF$9,R9N14ζΧ<ĺф$RQђѝƣ̟ΏΖ;ўȑέ8ŭ

Ň 9 < ζ ¬ < 8 O 5 Q юђ 8 ѐ ʓ ; ˢ × J ĵ ˉ ђCf. ṢDS 30: vijigīṣukathā^*1 yā tu chalajātyādidūṣaṇā / sa jalpaḥ, sā vitaṇḍā tu yā pratipakṣavarjitā // (^*1 vijigīṣu° em. : vijagīṣu°)э”ɇ5ѐ ɠΖKί1.ĺζ879NQζфUÇ1.ĝ.V6ʔ(Q͐9614;ƣζэvijigīṣukathāю

<ζεэjalpaю5Pѐ½ɇ5ѐƣ̟ΏΖUʒ.J;ѐζΧэvitaṇḍāю5Qюђ

21 See VA 70,19-21: durjanānā vipratipattir aśobhano vyavahāraḥ tasmān na yogavihito nyāyyaḥ kaścid vijigīuvādo^*1 nāma, yac chalādibhiḥ kriyata ity adhyāhāraḥ (^*1 vijigīṣu° em. : vijagīṣu°)эǸ·

.0;Ǹ΀ѝį0ўǸ&ʰěѐ,Rȹ9ѐTLQĝ.V6ʔ(Q͐9614;Λζ<ѐ ʦ&4ϳ˞9đ1.J;ѝį0ў˞9Ϸ1.J;5<8ђ,R<ɠΖ879N14˅$RQѐ 6ΉϏ$RQюђ

22 mŒ‚`“ŒqY<""5ѐv‡“‡ƍʱ;ΰζεэjalpaюUDzж9͋4ζ'4 Q6˸$RQĝ.V6ʔ(Q͐9614;Λζ94½͐UÙϞ(Q"69N14č

˶KǶȽKʼnάUǩQ"6΀TRQ;ƀːΘU˅&4Qѐ6ȧƟ(Q"65 Qђ&&ѐNBh5<ζε<F5Jƍ̆эvidyāюUȴο(Q.I9˅$RQJ;5 14ѐč˶̦UǩQ"6U˸˴6(QJ;5<86ΐƔ$R4QђCf. NBh 2000,2-3 (ad NS 4.2.51)ђɮ̙;Ρ20Uĵˉђ

23 McClintock [2010: 70, n. 169] <Much;yogavihita9ƣ(Q" regelloses "6͎Ο<ίΟ5 Q6Ȟȯ&4QђVA;ΡЂ9ЋG4JѐMcClintock;Ȟȯ<Ɓǝ5Sђɮ̙;Ρ21 Uĵˉђ

$R4Q6ΘQђ,&4ѐɠΖ879¿΂$RQ";N8Ǹ·.0;Ǹ΀UƜέ(Qĝ .V6ʔ(Q͐9614;Λζ<ѐǝˇ;"68Oϳ˞9đ1.J;5<86&4ѐŌ Ɣ$RQђ

À˜NPѐmŒ‚`“ŒqYVādanyāya94ǾƔ&4QΛζэvādaю8QJђђђђђ

;5<8;

ђђђђђђђ

ѐ6"6<ɐO9$R.ђ68R=ѐʓ9ŗи68Q;<ѐmŒ‚`“

ŒqYǾƔ(QΛζ6<8QJ;5Q;

ђђђђђђђђђђђ

ѐ6"65Sђ,;ş̧<ѐ˹™

;̩ȍ5ɐ̃9̌$R4Qђ

VN 22,16-21: parānugrahapravṛttās tu santo vipratipannaṃ pratipādayanto nyāyam anusareyuḥ satsādhanābhidhānena bhūtadoṣodbhāvanena vā, sākṣipratyakṣaṃ tasyaivānuprabodhāya. tad eva nyāyānusaraṇaṃ satāṃ vādaḥ, ukte nyāye tattvārthī cet pratipadyeta, tadapratipattāv apy anyo na vipratipadyeteti²⁴.

½ɇ5ѐ½͐9Ί˶(Qř·.0<ѐί1.ΏΖUJ2ѝ·ў9ƣ&4ΰ̌(Q69ѐ

΢·;ЭĒ5F$9,;ѝ·ў9ʡ¾*Q.I9ѐʖ&΢ɐUϤCQ"69N14ѐ Q<ѐɮǝ;ϲŻUȞȯ(Q"69N14ѐʖ˞9Нд(Q<)/ђѝJ&ʓ;ɱÃ ȿŭŇ9<ѐўʖ˞9Нд(Q6,;"6;Gѐř·;Λζ5Qђѝį0ўJ

&ѝ̟ζ͐ўʖ˞Uΰ.69˿ƗUʤIQѝƣζ͐ўѝʖ˞Uç.,;­ɻUў

˞Ζ5Q8O=²⁵ѐѝ,&4ѐ,;ƣζ͐ў,Rэ,;ʖ˞;ǿŎюU˞Ζ&48 6&4Jѐѝ,;ŭ9Q͠ΒUJ1.ў½;ѝ·ўίΖ&ǩ88O=²⁶ђ

""5ȩ̌$R4Qř·;Λζэsatāṃ vādaḥю",ѐmŒ‚`“ŒqYVN94 ǾƔ&4QΛζэvādaю;Pɇ9½8O8ђį0ѐ̟ζ͐ʖ&΢ɐUϤCѐƣζ

͐ƗП9̟ζ͐;΢ɐ9Ƌ(QϲŻUȞȯ(Q"6UȎʝ6&ѐ$O9ѐΛζ˺ȎUōHΛ ζФÅ;ĵĖ͐ϴUŘͷ(Q"6ѐį0½͐9Ί˶(Q"6U˸˴6(QJ;5QN8ř

·;Λζ",ѐmŒ‚`“ŒqY9614;˞Ǿ˴8ΛζǟȂ5Q"6ĆQђ"R

<ѐǸ·;ˢQɠΖ87;Ǹ&΀˅UȎʝ6&ѐĝčU˸˴6&4΀TRQN8ĝ.

24 vipratipadyeta° em. [D337a6/P377b8: mi rtogs pa; VA 70,24: vipratipadyeta] : pratipadyeta° VN.

25 See VA 70,21-22: ukte sati nyāye tattvārthī cet prativādī pratipadyeta tam arthaṃ nyāyopetam эѝ̟ζ͐ўʖ˞Uΰ.69˿ƗUʤIQƣζ͐ʖ˞Uç.,;­ɻU˞Ζ5Q 8O=юђ

26 See VA 70,22-24: atha svapakṣarāgasya balīyastvād ukte 'pi nyāye na pratipadyeta. tadā tena prativādinā tasya nyāyasyārthasyāpratipattāv anya ^*1 samīpavartyātmajño janakāyo na vipratipadyeteti kṛtvā nyāyānusāra am eva satā vāda iti vartate (^*1 anyaḥ VAMSem. : anya° VA.) э&&ѐʖ˞ΰR.ŭŇ514Jѐ͠ΰB;Ȁ́ǜFR=ѐѝƣζ͐<ʖ˞Uç .,;­ɻUў˞Ζ58ђ,;ŭŇѐѝį0ў,;ƣζ͐,;ʖ˞;ǿŎU˞Ζ&8 ŭŇѐ,;ŭ9Q͠ΒUJ1.½;·<ίΖ&ǩ8ѐ6͏4ѐʖ˞9Нд(Q"6;

Gř·;Λζ5Qѐ6ѝÀ˜;N9ўΉюђ

V6ʔ(Q͐9614;Λζ;Ǵʀ6<ƣˉ˴5Q6ΘNђ

ř·;Λζ9А&4ѐmŒ‚`“ŒqY<$O9ʓ;N8ǾƔĺζ6,R9ƣ(Qş

̧Ù 4Qђ

VN 22,22-23,6: tattvarakṣaṇārthaṃ sadbhir upahartavyam eva chalādi vijigīṣubhir iti cet, na, na- khacapeṭaśastraprahārādīpanādibhir apīti vaktavyam. tasmān na jyāyān ayaṃ tattvarakṣaṇopāyaḥ.

sādhanaprakhyāpanaṃ satāṃ tattvarakṣaṇopāyaḥ sādhanābhāsadūṣaṇaṃ ca, tadabhāve mithyā- pralāpād atra paropatāpavidhāne 'pi tattvāpratiṣṭhāpanāt. anyathāpi nyāyopavarṇane vidvatpratiṣṭhānāt. tasmāt parānugrahāya tattvakhyāpanaṃ vādino vijayaḥ, bhūtadoṣadarśanena mithyāpratipattinivartanaṃ prativādinaḥ.

эĺζјю˿Ɨ;οȝ;.I9ѐĝ.V6ʔ(Qř·<ɠΖ87UF$9ˢ8 R=8 O8²⁷ѐ6ĺζ(Q8O=ѝʓ;N9̧Qў²⁸ђэ̧ζјюѝ,;N8"6<ў8ђ ѝJ&,5Q8O=ўˌKLjȎKʘŝ9NQȸȱḰ˃879N14Jѝĝ.V6ʔ (Qř·<˿ƗUοȝ(QC5Qў6ϤCOR:=8O8ђǨ14ѐ";˿ƗUο ȝ(Q.I;ѝĝ.V6ʔ(Q͐.0;ўɇÚ<ѐѝ˿ƗUοȝ(Q.I;ř·.0;ɇÚ 9ʞ&4ўNPïR.J;875<8ђ˿ƗUοȝ(Q.I;ř·.0;ɇÚ<ѐ΢ɐ Uɐ̌(Q"66ˮÉ΢ɐUζф(Q"65QђÐȹ8O=ѐ,RO8ŭŇ9<²⁹ѐ ,"5ϲί;QˆхΨ9N14½͐Uͯ&I.6&4Jѐ˿ƗỦ̟(Q"6<8 O5Qђ,&8эϲί;QˆхΨ87U&8ю6&4J³⁰ѐʖ˞Uΰ8O=ѐ

27 ""5<ѐʓ;Nyāyasūtra;ΝϤDzж9͋R4Q6͏ORQђCf. NS 4.2.50 (Ci VA 70,25-26): tattvādhyavasāyasaṃrakṣaṇārthaṃ jalpavitaṇḍe bījaprarohasaṃrakṣaṇārthaṃ kaṇṭakaśākhā-

varaṇavat //э̗;˰ͭUÞο(Q.I9ʆ;Qɹ;΄ΎQN9ѐ˿Ɨ;̉ƔUÞο(

Q.I9ζεKζΧQюђCf. Ono [2004: 223, n. 7]ђ

F.ѐ87эādiю6ή9N14ѐί1.ζШэjātiюKȺĢ;ɱÃэnigrahasthānaю ōǿ$RQ5S6ȧƟ$RQђCf. NS 1.2.2: yathoktopapannaś chalajātinigrahasthānasādhano-

pālambho jalpaḥ //эóϤ;J;эΛζэvādaю;ˑǭюUç4PѐɠΖ’ί1.ζШ’ȺĢ

;ɱÃ9N14΢ɐKШΧU΀"6ѐζε5Qюђ

28 ";ĺζ̩ȍ;q`is<n€osΟ6˺ϵ&4QђCf. D337a6-7/P377b8-378a1: gal te de kho na nyid bsrung ba'i don du dam pa rnams kyang rgyal bar 'dod pa sgyu^*1 la sogs pa dag gis tshar gcad (D; bcad P) par bya ba yin no zhe na / ma yin te khu tshur dang / thal lcag dang / mtshon chas bsnun (D; bsnan P) pa dang / me la sogs pa dag gis kyang zhes brjod par bya na / (^*1 sgyu em. : rgyu

D337a7/P377b8.)ээĺζјюJ&ѐ˿Ɨ;οȝ;.I9ѐř·.0Jѐĝ.V6ʔ(Q͐;ɠ

Ζ879N14σ$RǩQѐ6ĺζ(Q8O=ѐэ̧ζјю,5<8ђѝJ&,5Q 8O=ѐř·.0<ўȫP"A&KLjȎKʘŝ9NQȸȱḰ˃879N14Jѝσ$Rǩ Qў6ϤCOR:=8O8юђ

29 See VA 70,27-28: tadabhāva iti sādhanaprakhyāpanasādhanābhāsadū a ayor abhāveэ,R 8ŭŇ6<ѐ΢ɐUɐ̌(Q"66ˮÉ΢ɐUζф(Q"6;ž͐8ŭŇ9<ѝ6 ǿŎ5Qўюђ

30 See VA 70,28: anyathāpīti mithyāpralāpādyabhāve 'piэ,&86&4J6<ѐϲί;

QˆхΨ8786&4Jѝ6ǿŎ5Qўюђ

ƍμ͐6&4;̉ţ.Q̟ŭ<QO5QђǨ14ѐ½͐9Ί˶(Q.I9˿ƗUɐ

̌(Q"6ѐ̟ζ͐9614;ĝč5Qђɮǝ;ϲŻǓ("69N14ί1.˞Ζ Uƣʪ(Q"6ѐƣζ͐9614;ѝĝč5Qўђ

óϤ;̩ȍ5<ѐɠΖ87;Ǹ&΀˅<Λζ;.I;ʖǝ8ɇʬ5Q6<έIOR8 6ΰR.ѐ""5<ѐ˿Ɨ;οȝ;.I9<ɠΖ87;Ǹ&΀˅Jɧˢ5PǩQ6 ǾƔĺζȩ̌$R4Qђ"R9ƣ&4ѐmŒ‚`“ŒqY<ѐΛζ;ŭ94ɠΖ8 7;ÕˢUέIQ6Θΰ<ѐɠΖ6ňʎ9Ǹ&Ȏʝ5Q6"S;ɝĔ˴Ȏʬ$J˿

Ɨ;οȝ;.I9<ˢ4JN61.м;ɝζUJƜέ*%QUǩ8814&F6Ȟ ȯ(Q"65ѐǾƔĺζUʅİ&4Qђ";"6OѐmŒ‚`“ŒqY;͏Qř·;

Λζ5ˢORQ6"S;ʖ&΢ɐ;ɐ̌6ˮÉ΢ɐ;ζф6ΛζȎʬ<ѐĝ.V6 ʔ(Q͐9614;Λζ5ˢORQ6"S;ɠΖ87;Ǹ&Ȏʬ9ʞ&4ѐNPͪJ

;5Q6ΏΖDŽ̺$RQђ$O9ѐĒ͐;ȎʬUˢ)ǧ͐;ȎʬUˢQŭŇ9<

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(Q"6",,;FFĝč(Q"69½8O8ѐ6Σ&ǩQђ

mŒ‚`“ŒqYǾƔ(Q";N8ř·;Λζ;ǟȂ<ѐv‡“‡ƍʱ;ΰΛ ζэvādaю’ζεэjalpaю’ζΧэvitaṇḍāю61.θʌDz;)R6JǴʀU˫9&4 Q6ΘQ<sup>31</sup>ђį0ѐv‡“‡ƍʱ;ΰΛζэvādaю<ȺĢ;ɱÃUэƪ86Jö Э˴9<юȤˢ(QJ;5<8&ѐζεэjalpaю<ȺĢ;ɱÃUƨõ(Qňɖ9ɠ Ζ̦JέI4PѐζΧэvitaṇḍāю<ƣ̟ΏΖU̟48J;5Qђ"RO;θǟȂ<ѐ )RJmŒ‚`“ŒqY;ΰΛζэvādaю6<˫81.ǟǗ;J;5Q6ΘT%QU ǩ8ђǨ14ѐmŒ‚`“ŒqY<ř·;Λζ6ή9N14ѐǨɲ;v‡“‡ƍʱ 9NQΐƔ9<8ѐɆ&ΛζʌDzUȩό&.6ċ)Q"65Q5Sђ

À˜;N9ѐVN 21,9-23,65<ѐadoṣodbhāvana;̤”ΖЂ5QϲŻUȞȯ&8"6 6ȺĢ;ɱÃ924Ζΰ˅$RѐF.ѐ,;ʱˡ˴νζ6&4mŒ‚`“ŒqYVN 94ǾƔ(QΛζ;ǟȂ5Qř·;Λζľΰ$R.ђ

31 ";˄9А&4<ѐMuch [1991: Einleitung 2.2]ѐGokhale [1993: Introduction, pp. xv-xvii] 9J Ζΰ˅$R4Qђ

3. ado odbhāvana k 3 u ‚

adoṣodbhāvana;̤”ΖЂ;Ζΰ9ǘ̀ѐ,;̤®ΖЂѐmŒ‚`“ŒqY9N14ʓ

;N9ΰɐ$RQђ

VN 23,7-10: athavā yo na doṣaḥ sādhanasya tadbhāve 'pi vādinā sādhayitum iṣṭasyārthasya siddher vighātābhāvāt, tasyodbhāvanaṃ prativādino nigrahādhikaraṇam, mithyottarābhidhānāt.

Q<J&ѐ,RэϲŻ6G8$R.J;ю1.6&4J³²ѐ̟ζ͐9N14΢ɐ

*V6ǿŢ$R.­ɻ³³;̟̉9614Ƃ!68O8.I9ѐ΢ɐ9ϲŻ8ŭŇѐ ,Rэ΢ɐ;ϲŻ5<8J;юUȞȯ(Q"6<ѐƣζ͐9614;ȺĢ;ɿȜ5Qђ Ðȹ8O=ѐѝƣζ͐<ўί1.Ϣ̧UϤCQO5Qђ

adoṣodbhāvana <ѐ,;̤®ΖЂ5<adoṣasyodbhāvanam 6ή͍ĆΖ5ѐϲŻ58J;

UȞȯ(Q"66Ο$RǩQђį0ѐ̟ζ͐ÐO;΢ɐU΀ѐƣζ͐,;̟ζ͐;

΢ɐ9ƣ&4ˮÉ˴8ϲŻUȞȯ&.ŭŇ9<ѐ,;ƣζ͐<ȺĢ&.6ċɅ$RQT 5 Q³⁴ђ

˹™;̩ȍ5<ѐ$O9";ϲŻ58J;;üÏ×ĉȟ$RQђ

VN 23,11-18: yathā sādhyatayāniṣṭo 'pi vādino dharmaḥ śāstropagamāt sādhya iti tadviparyāsena virodhodbhāvanam. nāsty ātmeti tava pratijñāpadayor virodha iti pratijñādoṣodbhāvanam.

prayatnānantarīyakaḥ śabdo 'nityaḥ prayatnānantarīyakatvād iti hetor dharmiviśeṣatvāt pratijñārthaikadeśa ity asiddhodbhāvanam, sarvāṇi sādharmyavaidharmyasamādīni jātyuttarāṇīty evamāder doṣasyodbhāvanam adoṣodbhāvanam.

×=ѐ̟ζ͐9614΢ɐ$RQCJ;6&4ǿŢ$R4J8ƲǴѐζɢ9ȑ έ$R4Q;5ѐ΢ɐƣρ5Q6ѝƣζ͐;Ϣ̧ў<ѐ,Rэ΢ɐƣρю;л á9N14ѝˮÉ˴8ў̅˻UȞȯ(Qѝ6adoṣodbhāvana 5Qў³⁵ђѝF.ѐ×

32 See VA 70,29: tasya doṣatvenābhimatasya bhāve 'pi ...э,Rѝį0ўϲŻ6G8$R.J;

1.6&4J……юђ

33 ΢ɐ*V6ǿŢ$R.­ɻ<¡ǛŐи;"6UȞ&4QђCf. Sasaki [2012: 71, n. 10]ђ

34 ƗП9<ѐƣζ̟͐ζ͐;΢ɐ9ƣ&4ϲŻ58J;UȞȯ&.6&4JѐįǑ9,;

ƣζ͐ȺĢ(Q"698Q6<ЖO8ђ̟ζ͐;΢ɐ9ϲŻQŭŇKѐ̟ζ͐Ȟȯ

$R.ˮÉϲŻUϧ 8ŭŇ9<ѐ̟ζ͐6ƣζ͐9ĝȺ<86G8$RQO5Qђ Cf. VN 23,20-22; 24,2-5.

35 mŒ‚`“ŒqY<ѐ¡ǛŐи;Ɣ͍9ѝ̟ζ͐ў͠ϔ9N14эsvayamю6ΐƔ΍

̴U˷PϠHэCf. PVin III 6юѐ";͠ϔ9N146ή<ѐQƲǴ̟ζ͐έ Ɯ(Qζɢ9έIORQO614ǰ)&J,;̟ζ͐,;ƲǴU΢ɐ*:=8O86 T 5<8ѐ6ώǿUōV5QђCf. PVin III 11,9-10: anāntarīyakābhyupagamaś ca śāstropagame 'pi vādino nirastaḥэѝζɢ6ўšŃЧАÛ986έƜ$RQѝƲǴў<ѐζɢ9 ȑέ$RQŭŇ514Jѐ̟ζ͐9N14ŌƔ$RQю; VA 71,23-25: śāstropagamāt sarvas

=ўX“s‚<Ƌť&86υɇэ̟ζ͐ю;¡ǛŐи9 QѝX“s‚

6Ƌť&86ў®2;ήł9<̅˻Q6ѝƣζ͐;Ϣ̧ў<ѐѝˮÉ˴

8ў¡ǛŐи;ϲŻUȞȯ(Qѝ6adoṣodbhāvana5Qў³⁶ђѝF.ѐ×=ўĘĔ

;˹ǧ9ѝˡ'QўΘ͵<ˆDž5QђĘĔ;˹ǧ9ѝˡ'QўJ;/O5Q6 ѝζǗ9 Qў΢Š<ѐ¡иUЖƔ&4Q.Iѐ¡ǛŐи;ÿƜ;”Ͼѝ9ōFR 4Qў6ѝƣζ͐;Ϣ̧ў<ѐѝˮÉ˴8ўšȈ̟ѝŠўUȞȯ(Qѝ6adoṣodbhāvana 5Qў³⁷ђѝF.ѐўмÉǴKƽϵǴ9NQƣ̦UƅI6(QOLQί1.ζШ6&4 tadiṣṭaḥ sādhya . tatprabādhāne^*1 ca hetupratijñayor doṣa iti tac cāyujyamānam, śāstrāśraye 'py abhyupagata^*2mātrasyaiva sādhyatvātэ^*1 tatprabādhāne em. [PVin III 19,7: tatprabādhane] : tatpradhāne VAMS, VA. ^*2 abhyupagata° VAMS em. : asty apagata° VA.юэζɢ9ȑέ$R4Q;5ѐ,Rэζ ɢю9ǿŢ$RQOLQ"6΢ɐ$R:=8O8ђ,&4";"6ĺф$RQŭŇ9

<΢ŠK¡ǛŐи9ϲŻQѐ6À˜;"6<˞9ϷT8ђÐȹ8O=ѐѝ̟ζ͐ў ζɢ9ØȜ(QŭŇ514Jѐѝ̟ζ͐9N14ўέƜ$R.­ɻ;G΢ɐƣρ5Q;/

Oюђ8ѐ";ŗи9А&4<Iwata [2005: 50-52]9Ϊ&ђ

36 g†“lŠagl<ѐ";ˮÉϲŻ;Ȟȯ͐6&4\orY‰“l^ŠUȟ!4Qђ̪

Ώ5<,;¡ǛÐă9ňƔ$RQ;<ɐO5<8ѐNS 4.1.379ƣ(QNV;ΡЂ5

<ѐOLQJ;<Ƌť&8эsarvam abhāvaḥю6¡ǛŐи9 Q®2;ήłэsarva

6abhāvaю;̅˻Uζ)Q61.ѐϡÉ&.νζȏTR4QђCf. VA 71,27-28: yathāha

bhāradvājo nāsty ātmeti pratijñāpadayo parasparavirodha iti. yasmād ātmeti vastv abhidhīyate nāstīti tasya pratiṣedhaḥээĺζјю×=ѐ\orY‰“l^Š<X“s‚<Ƌť&8 6¡ǛŐи9 Q®2;ήł9<˺°̅˻Q6ΰђÐȹ8O=ѐX“s‚

6Ɨť;J;ΰR4Qѝ9JTO)ўѐƋť&86,RэX“s‚ю ŌƔ$RQO5Qюђ8ѐg†“lŠagl<";ŗи9ƣ&4ѐPramā aviniścayaэ8

&Pramā avārttika ķ?Pramā avārttikasvav ttiю5;ΰɐUȭˢ&8Oş̧UΥG4Qђ ,;ΰɐU΍˩&4̌*=ѐʌDz̆9й˝(QX“s‚6¡и,R͠Ï<ŌƔ$R)ѐ

½ɇ5ѐ,;ʌDz̆˜;X“s‚Ƌť(QŌ61."6U͏Ɵ(Q"6<Ń͚5 Qѐ6"698SђΪ̵<Moriyama [2011: 36-37]Uĵˉђ

37 ĺζ͐;Ϣ̧;ǿŢ<ѐ΢Š6&4;ĘĔ;˹ǧ9ˡ'Q"66ƲǴ<ѐЮų 6¡иUЖƔ(QĘĔ;˹ǧ9ˡ'Q"66ƲǴ6̦&.Iѐ¡иȍƲǴȈ P̟.8ѐ6J;5Sђ"R9ƣ(Q»Ȼζ˞ƍ;åO;ş̧UPramā avārttika

ķ?Pramā avārttikav tti;˞ΖUȭˢ&4ΰɐ(R=ѐÀ™;N98Qђį0ѐ¡иUЖƔ

(QĘĔ;˹ǧ9ˡ'Q"6<ѐЮų6¡и9ØȜ(Q.IѐЮųÀŷ;ĘĔ;

˹ǧ9ˡ'QJ;KĘĔ;˹ǧ9ˡ'8J;61.ň̗K˫̗OȣИ$RQˑʛ

эviśeṣa / bhedaю5Q;9ƣ&4ѐ΢Š6&4;ĘĔ;˹ǧ9ˡ'Q"6<ĘĔ;˹

ǧ9ˡ'8J;6˫̗;GOȣИ$RQɘϱэsāmānyaю5QђǨ14ѐ΢Š6&

4;ĘĔ;˹ǧ9ˡ'Q"66ƲǴ<ѐ¡иUЖƔ(QĘĔ;˹ǧ9ˡ'Q"6 6ƲǴUϾĆ6&4Ġō(Q.IѐĒ͐ѐǧ͐UÿĠ(Q¡ǛŐи;”Ͼ68Q6

"6<Pǩ86͏ORQT 5QђCf. PV IV 186: bhedasāmānyayor dharmabhedād a gā gitā tata / yathānitya prayatnottha prayatnotthatayā dhvani //эČ˫6ɘϱ<ƲǴ9ϵ Q;5ѐ,Rȹ9ѐϾĆöÏАÛQђ×=ѐĘĔOό"QJ;5QЮų<ˆ Dž 5 Q ђ Ę Ĕ O ό " Q J ; 5 Q O юљPVV 480,12-17: sādhyadharmimātraniṣṭhatvāt sarvadharmagocaratvāc ca bhedasāmānyayor dharmabhedād vyāvṛttibhedāt. sādhyadharmo hi sādhyadharminiṣṭhatvena sajātīyād vijātīyāc ca vyāvṛttatvād viśeṣaḥ. sādhanadharmas tu vijātīyamātravyāvṛttatvena sāmānyam. tato bhedasāmānyabhāvena bhedād a gā gitā hetusādhyatā

;Ϣ̧6;<ѐ;ƀ̦;ѝˮÉ˴8ўϲŻUȞȯ(Q6 adoṣodbhāvana 5 Q³⁸ђ

mŒ‚`“ŒqY<ϲŻ58J;;üÏ×6&4ѐŞ2;­×Uȟ!4Qђ̤”;

×<ѐ̟ζ͐ØȜ(Qζɢ9ȑέ$R4QƲǴ5QO614ǰ)&J,R̟ζ͐

9N14΢ɐ$R:=8O8T 5<8;9ѐ΢ɐ$R:=8O86G8&4ѐ̅˻6 ˮÉϲŻUȞȯ(Q"65Qђ̤®;×<ѐʌDz̆˜9й˝(Qƣρ6&4;X“s‚

<,R͠Ï6&4<ŌƔ$R89JTO)ѐ,RU¡и6&4̟44Ƌť&8 6ϤCQ"6U̅˻5Q6G8&4ѐ¡ǛŐи;ϲŻ6ˮÉϲŻUȞȯ(Q"65Qђ

̤—;×<ѐ΢ɐȎʝэ΢Šю6&4;ĘĔ;˹ǧ9ˡ'Q"661.м;ƲǴ6¡и UЖƔ(QĘĔ;˹ǧ9ˡ'Q"661.м;ƲǴ<ȣИ;¼ɇ9N14ĤČ$RQ9 JTO)ѐž͐Uň”5Q6G8&4ѐšȈ̟Š6ˮÉϲŻUȞȯ(Q"65Qђ

̤Ş;×<ѐмÉǴKƽϵǴ9NQƣ̦UƅI6(QOLQί1.ζШ6&4;Ϣ̧6 ˮÉϲŻUȞȯ(Q"65Qђ

À˜;N8ϲŻ58J;Uƣζ͐Ȟȯ&.6&4Jѐ,R<̟ζ͐;¡ǛŐи;

̟̉9614ÐOƂ!6<8O8.I9ѐϲŻ58J;UȞȯ(Q"6<ƣζ͐;ȺĢ;

ɱÃ5Q6ѐmŒ‚`“ŒqY<ΐƔ&.;5Qђ&&8OѐƗП9<ƣζ͐"R yuktā. viśeṣaḥ sādhyaḥ sāmānyaṃ hetur iti kutaḥ pratijñārthaikadeśatā. yathānitya prayatnottho dhvanir iti pratijñā prayatnotthatayeti hetuḥэѝ×=ЮųUЖƔ(QĘĔOό"QJ;5 Q"66ƲǴ5QČ˫<ў΢ɐƣρ6&4;¡иѝ5QЮųў;G9ØȜ(QJ;

5PѐF.ѐѝ×=΢Š6&4;ĘĔOό"QJ;5Q"66ƲǴ5Qɘϱ

<ўOLQƲǴUƣρеũ6(Qȹ9ѐČ˫6ɘϱ<ƲǴ9ϵQѝ2FPѐž͐9

<ўȣИ9ϵQO5Qђį0ѐѝ×=Юų6¡иUЖƔ(QĘĔOό"Q J;5Q"66ў΢ɐƣρ;ƲǴ<ѐ΢ɐƣρ6&4;¡иѝ5QЮųў9ØȜ (Q"69N14ѐň̗OJ˫̗OJȣИ$RQ;5ѐˑʛ5Qђ½ɇ5ѐѝ×=Ę ĔOό"QJ;5Q"66ў΢ɐȎʝ6&4;ƲǴ<ѐ˫̗;GOȣИ$RQ"

69N14ѐɘϱ5Qђ,Rȹ9ѐѝ΢ɐƣρ;ƲǴ6΢ɐȎʝ6&4;ƲǴ<ўČ˫6ɘϱ

;АÛ6&4ĤČ$RQ;5ѐ΢Š6΢ɐƣρ;АÛ<ϾĆöÏАÛ5Q"6˞9Ϸ14 Qђ΢ɐƣρˑʛ5Pѐ΢Šɘϱ5Q;5ѐ7&4ѝ΢Šў¡ǛŐи;ÿƜ;

”Ͼ5SѝK8ўђ×=ѐĘĔOό"QЮų<ˆDž5Q6;¡ǛŐ и5PѐĘĔOό"Q"69N146;΢Š5QюђF.ѐPVin III 105,2-6J ĵˉђ

38 ";ΝϤOѐί1.ζШэjātiю6&4;Ϣ̧<ѐadoṣodbhāvana;̤®ΖЂ; 9Ì͋

3 O R Q " 6 Ć Q ђ ʓ ; Ν Ϥ J ĵ ˉ ђCf. NB III 139-140: dūṣaṇābhāsās tu jātayaḥ //

abhūtadoṣodbhāvanāni jātyuttarāṇīti //э½ɇ5ѐί1.ζШѐˮÉζф5Qђθ;ί1.ζ

Ш6&4;Ϣ̧6<ѐæ;ϲŻ;Ȟȯ5Qюђ8ѐмÉǴKƽϵǴ9NQƣ̦эsādharmya- vaidharmyasamaю<ѐNS94ʓ;N9ΐƔ$R4QђNS 5.1.2: sādharmyavaidharmyā- bhyām upasaṃhāre taddharmaviparyayopapatteḥ sādharmyavaidharmyasamau //эѝ̟ζ͐ўмÉǴ KƽϵǴ9N14ѝ΢ɐɂUўF6IQŭŇ9ѐѝƣζ͐ў,;ѝ̟ζ͐9614;΢ɐƣρ 5QўƲǴ6<ĺƣѝ;ƲǴўUό"("69N14ѐмÉǴKƽϵǴ;˄5̦&ѝĺф 6ί1.ζШQўюђ½;®ĥ®̗;ί1.ζШ924<ѐNS 5.1;ņгUĵˉђ

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VN 23,19-24,7: tasya vādinā doṣābhāsatve prakhyāpite prativādī parājito vaktavyaḥ, pūrvapakṣe sādhanasya nirdoṣatvāt. doṣavati punaḥ sādhane na dvayor ekasyāpi jayaparājayau, tattvāprakhyāpanād adoṣodbhāvanāc ca. apratipakṣāyāṃ ca pakṣasiddhau kṛtāyāṃ jetā bhavati.

tasmāj jigīṣatā svapakṣaś ca sthāpanīyaḥ parapakṣaś ca nirākartavyaḥ. nirdoṣe sādhanābhidhāne 'pi vādinaḥ prativādinā doṣābhāsa udbhāvite, dūṣaṇābhāsatvakhyāpana eva jayaparājayau, nānyathā, bhāvatas tattvābhidhāne 'pi pratipakṣanirākaraṇena tattvasya prakhyāpanāsāmarthyāt. na prativādino 'py atra, bhāvato mithyāpratipatter iti. idaṃ nyāyyaṃ nigrahasthānalakṣaṇam uktam asmābhiḥ.

̟ζ͐9N14,Rэƣζ͐ϲŻ5Q6Ȟȯ&.J;юˮÉϲŻ5Q6ɐ̌$R .Oѐƣζ͐<σ$R.6ΘTR:=8O8ђÐȹ8O=ѐĒ¡Ǜэ̟ζ͐;¡Ǜю³⁹ 9<΢ɐ;ϲŻ8O5Qђ&&ѐ΢ɐϲŻUɧ(QŭŇ9<ѐѝ̟ζ͐6ƣζ

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39 ""5;pūrvapakṣa<ѐƣζ͐;Ē9ϤCOR.̟ζ͐ΰ6ǿŎ5Sђɮ̙;Ρ6 Jĵˉђ

40 m Œ ‚ ` “ Œ q Y < ѐ Λ ζ 9 Q ̟ ζ ͐ 6 ƣ ζ ͐ ; ĝ Ⱥ < ° ; ͚ Ĕ ; Ȯ ű э°sāmarthyopaghāta°ю9ØȜ&4ʦFQ6͏4QђCf. VN 21,17-20.

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立論者の勝利 対論者の敗北 勝敗なし 対論者が実際に存する過失を指摘する 対論者が疑似過失を指摘する 対論者が過失を指摘しない

立論者の敗北 対論者の勝利 勝敗なし 勝敗なし

【

におけ る討論の勝敗条件の概念図】

（asādhanāṅgavacana）

(VN 23,19-20) (VN 23,20-22)

(VN 23,22-23)

(VN 24,2-5) (VN 23,4-6) (VN 21,17-22)

立論者が証明を立てる

証明が正しい場合 証明が誤っている場合

対論者が過失を指摘しない

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立論者の勝利 対論者の敗北 勝敗なし 対論者が実際に存する過失を指摘する 対論者が疑似過失を指摘する 対論者が過失を指摘しない

立論者の敗北 対論者の勝利 勝敗なし 勝敗なし

【

に おけ る討論の勝敗条件の概念図 】

（asādhanāṅgavacana）

(VN 23,19-20) (VN 23,20-22)

(VN 23,22-23)

(VN 24,2-5) (VN 23,4-6) (VN 21,17-22)

（asādhanāṅgavacanaを為さない） （adoṣodbhāvanaを為さない）

a a B

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1 [ U _

D Derge edition of Tibetan Tripitaka: eds. J. Takasaki, Z. Yamaguchi and Y. Ejima, Sde Dge Tibetan Tripi aka Bstan gyur, preserved at the Faculty of Letters, University of Tokyo, Sekai-Seiten-Kankō-Kyōkai, Tokyo, 1977-1989.

P Peking edition of Tibetan Tripitaka: ed. Daisetz T. Suzuki, The Tibetan Tripitaka, Peking edition, Kept in the Library of the Otani University, Kyoto, Reprinted under the supervision of the Otani University, Kyoto, 168 vols., Tibetan Tripitaka Research Institute, Tokyo - Kyoto, 1955-1961.

NB Nyāyabindu (Dharmakīrti): See NBṬ.

NBh Nyāyabhā ya (Vātsyāyana): eds. Taranatha Nyaya-Tarkatīrtha and Amarendramohan Tarkatīrtha, Nyāyadarśana with Vātsyāyana's Bhāya, Uddyotakara's Vārttika, Vācaspati Miśra's Tātparyaīkā and Vi vanātha's V tti, Calcutta Sanskrit Series Nos. 18 & 29, Calcutta, 1936-44, rep. Rinsen Book, Kyoto, 1982.

NBṬ Nyāyabinduīkā (Dharmottara): ed. Dalsukhbhai Malvania, Pa ita Durveka Miśra's Dharmottarapradīpa: Being a sub-commentary on Dharmottara's Nyāyabinduīkā, a commentary on Dharmakīrti's Nyāyabindu, Tibetan Sanskrit Works Series Vol. 2, Kashi prasad Jayaswal Research Institute, Patna, 1955.

NS Nyāyasūtra (Gautama): See NBh.

PKM Prameyakamalamārta a (Prabhācandra): ed. Mahendra kumāra Śāstri, Prameya-kamalamārta a by Shri Prabha Chandra (A Commentary on Shri Manik Nandi's Pareeksha Mukh Sutra), Sri Garib Dass Oriental Series No. 94, Sri Satguru Publications, Delhi, 1991, rep. D.K. Fine Art Press, Delhi, 1990 (3^rd edition).

PM Pramā amīmā sā (Hemacandra): eds. Satkari Mookerjee and Nathmal Tatia, Hemacandra's Pramā a-mīmā sā, Text and Translation with Critical Notes, Prachya Bharati Series 11, Tara Publications, Varanasi, 1970.

PV IV The fourth chapter of the Pramā avārttika (Dharmakīrti): See PVV.

PVin III The third chapter of the Pramā aviniścaya (Dharmakīrti): eds. Pascale Hugon and Toru Tomabechi, Dharmakīrti's Pramā aviniścaya, chapter 3, China Tibetology Publishing House and Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, Beijing - Vienna, 2011.

PVV Pramā avārttikav tti (Manorathanandin): ed. Rāhula Sā kṛtyāyana, Ācārya-Dharmakīrte

Pramā avārttikam ācārya-Manorathanandik tayā v ttyā sa valitam (Dharmakīrti's Pramā avārttika with a commentary by Manorathanandin), Appendix to J.B.O.R.S. Vols.

24-26, Bihar and Orissa Research Society, Patna, 1938-1940.

ṢDS Ṣaḍdarśanasamuccaya (Haribhadra Sūri): ed. Mahendra Kumar Jain, a darśanasamuccaya of Haribhadra Sūri: With the Commentaries of Tarka-rahasya-dīpikā of Gu aratnasūri and Laghv tti of Somatilaka Sūri and an Avacūr i, Jñānapīṭha Mūrtidevī Granthamālā: Sanskrit Grantha 36, Calcutta, 1969, rep. Bharatiya Jnanpith Publication, 1981 (2^nd edition).

VA Vipañcitārthā (Śāntarakṣita): ed. Rāhula Sā kṛtyāyana, Dharmakīri's Vādanyāya with the Comentary of Śāntarak ita, Appendix to J.B.O.R.S. Vols. 21 & 22, Bihar and Orissa Research Society, Patna, 1935-36 (Tib. D No. 4239, P1 No. 5725, P2 No. 5738).

VAD Vipañcitārthā (Śāntarakṣita): ed. Svāmi Dvarikādās śāstrī, Vādanyāyaprakara a of Āchārya Dharmakīrti with the commentary Vipañcitārthā of Āchārya Śāntarak ita and Sambandhaparīk ā with the commentary of Āchārya Prabhācandra, Bauddha Bharati Sereies Vol. 8, Varanasi, 1972.

VAMS Vipañcitārthā (Śāntarakṣita): Photostat copy of the Sanskrit manuscript in the library of Georg-August-Universität GöttingenэThe color photostat copies of the same manuscript: 2a,

3a, 4a, 5a, 6a is included in ƭˠɌůͅѐ͌ǁɶĭ˜͹ɂːϚϺѐ Ť͹ƍĄˏ̎ѐ

2011юђ

VN Vādanyāya (Dharmakīrti): ed. Michael Torsten Much, Dharmakīrtis Vādanyāya , Teil I, Sanskrit-Text, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, philosophisch-historischen Klasse, Sitzungsberichte, 581. Band, Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für Sprachen und Kulturen Südasiens Nr. 25, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, 1991 (Tib. D No. 4218, P No. 5715).

VND Vādanyāya (Dharmakīrti): See VAD.

VNMS Vādanyāya (Dharmakīrti): Photostat copy of the Sanskrit manuscript in the National Archives.

VNR Vādanyāya (Dharmakīrti): See VA.

3

3 [ U _ Balcerowicz, Piotr

[1999] "Taxonomic Approach to d āntābhāsa in Nyāyabindu and in Siddharṣigaṇi's Nyāyāvatāraviv ti: Dharmakīrti's Typology and the Jaina Criticism Thereof", Dharmakīrti's Thought and Its Impact on Indian and Tibetan Philosophy: Proceedings of the Third International Dharmakīrti Conference, Hiroshima, November 4-6, 1997, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, pp. 131-154.

Chinchore, Mangala R.

[1988] Vādanyāya: A Glimpse of Nyāya-Buddhist Controversy, Sri Satguru Publications, Delhi.

Gangopadhyaya, Mrinalkanti

[1982] Nyāya: Gautama's Nyāya-sūtra with Vātsyāyana's Commentary, Sambhunath Pundit Street, Calcutta.

Gokhale, Pradeep P.

[1993] Vādanyāya of Dharmakīrti: The Logic of Debate, Sri Satguru Publications, Delhi.

Iwata, Takashiэƶˣ ƌю

[2005] ʬ̓;¡ǛŐи;Ɣ͍924;ΒɢѐXhXɂġ;dzǾ6î̍ј̏²ɂУī

ŲŁ̕ΝDzζФѐɒ̑̎ѐɳµѐpp. 45-72.

Jhā, Ga gānāṭha

[1915-19] The Nyāyasūtras of Gautama with Vātsyāyana's Bhā ya and Uddyotakara's Vārttika, 4 vols., Indian Thought Series No. 7, rep. Rinsen Book, Kyoto, 1983.

McClintock, Sara L.

[2010] Omniscience and the Rhetoric of Reason: Śāntarak ita and Kamalaśīla on Rationality, Argumentation, & Religious Authority, Studies in Indian and Tibetan Buddhism, Wisdom Publications, USA.

Moriyama, Seitetsuэʇƴ ʹǮю

[2011] g†“lŠagl; Vādanyāyav ttivipañcitārtha 6^‚Šg“Š;ˆ͠Ǵζ΢─

mŒ‚`“ŒqY;ЅΣЂ͠ʭэPVSVюUƻ14─ѐÒȻŹƍ »ȻƍϾζФ 95ѐpp. 33-52.

Much, Michael Torsten

[1986] "Dharmakīrti's Definition of "Points of Defeat" (Nigrahasthāna)", Buddhist Logic and Epistemology, D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht / Boston / Lancaster / Tokyo, pp.

133-142.

[1991] Dharmakīrtis Vādanyāya , Teil II, Übersetzung und Anmerkungen, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, philosophisch-historischen Klasse, Sitzungsberichte, 581.

Band, Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für Sprachen und Kulturen Südasiens Nr. 25, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien.

Ono, TakuyaэƩЄ ħ¨ю

[2004] Nyāyapariśi a924─ZtŁýΛζ΁;Æ̼─ѐɣʯƓ̜̈œ̜̰̈΍34ѐ

pp. 73-94.

Ruben, Walter

[1928] Die Nyāyasūtra's : Text, Übersetzung, Erläuterung und Glossar, Deutschen

Morgenländische Gesellschaft, Leipzig, Kraus Reprint, Liechtenstein, 1966.

Sasaki, RyoэÎɫ ¶ю

[2012] mŒ‚`“ŒqY; nigrahasthāna ΖЂэ1ю──asādhanā gavacana 924──ѐ

£϶─̜̈ζɂФ─3ѐpp. 69-90.

[2013] "Nigrahasthāna in the Vādanyāya: Controversy between Dharmakīrti and the Nyāya School", Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies Vol. 61, No. 3, pp. 178-182.

Tillemans, Tom J. F.

[2000] Dharmakīrti's Pramā avārttika, An annotated translation of the fourth chapter (parārthānumāna) 1 (k. 1-148), Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse, Sitzungsberichte 675. Band, Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für Sprachen und Kulturen Südasiens 32, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien.

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