阿蘇カルデラ形成後に活動した多様なマグマとそれらの成因関係について
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(3) ῏ ,**. 1 2 ,**/ 2 + ῐ. Genetic Relationships of the Compositionally Diverse Magmas from Aso Post-caldera Volcanism Masaya MIYOSHI῍, Toshiaki HASENAKA῍῍ and Takashi SANO῍῍῍ Between ,1* and 3*ka, Aso volcano produced four large caldera-forming pyroclastic flows, all of which probably derived from a single zoned magma chamber, as suggested by previous geological and geochemical studies. On the other hand, after 3*ka, for the post-caldera activities, it is di$cult to create a wide compositional range of post-caldera magmas from a single magma chamber model, when the following observations are considered. (+) Seven distinct magma groups with distinct petrographic and compositional characteristics are found ; ῌ. ,px-rhyolite, ῍. bt-rhyolite, ῎. hb-dacite, ῏. ,px-dacite, ῐ. aphyric andesite, ῑ. porphyritic andesite, ῒ. basalt-basaltic andesite. (,) Incompatible trace element plots show that the seven magma groups were formed by at least four end-member magmas that do not show parent-daughter relationships. (-) Vents extruding basaltic magmas are centered in the caldera, whereas those extruding andesitic, dacitic, and rhyolitic magmas are distributed around them. These observations indicate that several (at least four) magma chambers are developed during the post-caldera activities, and that the compositional diversity of the magmas can be explained by magma mixing among the end-member magmas in addition to fractional crystallization. Key words : Aso caldera, post-caldera volcanic products, compositional variation of magma, vent distribution. +ῌ ῐ ῎ ῑ ῏. .0)).'(.'(#-.%&'(*+. !"#$%&'()*+, !"-. H e;h& +32/B !". ./0123 , 4)5'6789:;<&=>?@. -. (Aso-+Aso-.) H, 5R.H :;. AB C4, !"-.)D2E><&FGHIJK<. ,:; >A ?. 5' LMC4, !"-.0) N'OP:;). d=>:; (+32-) ,|}<C). ῍Qῒ)ῒR<S)TUKVW<'(*+1X&B =). zoned magma chamber ! #dB ;H Hunter. 5'ῌY)Z[,\])^_^`ab)Z[#cdeA. (+332) )Q ¡K¢£, z)! )¤¥¦#ῑ. &>fg;h& (Hunter and Blake, +33/)B ijkHl. B. m%&no'(,pqr ,/ km, str +2 km ) . !. C§ !"-.0)'(*+1L@ῌ<.)^. "#$%&uvwx) !"'(1Xy z)'(. _^?*+deA&? !"-.) M<5R. *+L !"-.{)|}'~ῒ5'> !"-. . ,¨ΐ1,<AB ©\ª1«;h&a¬. 20*ῌ2/// ®¯°±² ,ῌ-3ῌ+ ®¯¡¡³´µ¶¡¢£¶ Graduate School of Science and Technology Kumamoto University, Kurokami ,ῌ-3ῌ+, Kumamoto 20*ῌ2///, Japan. 20*ῌ2/// ®¯°±² ,ῌ-3ῌ+ Faculty of Science, Kumamoto University, Kurokami ,ῌ-3ῌ+, Kumamoto 20*ῌ2///, Japan.. .+1ῌ*2*+ ·¸° -,/ ·¸G῎¡¹º»¼¡i College of Environment and Disaster Research, Fuji Tokoha University, Ohbuchi -,/, Fuji .+1ῌ*2*+, Japan. Corresponding author : Masaya Miyoshi e-mail : [email protected].
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(28) Table +. Modal analyses and averaged grain size of plagioclase phenocrysts of representative rock samples from each group in the post-caldera stage of Aso volcano.. Abbreviations ; OtgOtogase ; TknTakanoobane ; HntHontsuka ; TtnTateno ; SwtSawatsuno ; Ngn Nagano ; HksHakusui ; KssKusasenrigahama ; TchTochinoki ; KrsKarisako ; EbsEboshidake ; Okm Okamadoyama ; YmnYomineyama ; AkmAkamizu ; NrdNaraodake ; TkdTakadake ; MryMaruyama ; OjdOjodake ; KmtKometsuka ; KkmKamikometsuka ; KshKishimadake ; AksAkase ; MtnMatsunoki ; YshYoshioka ; AygAyugaerinotaki ; NkdNakadake. (W)welded pyroclastic rock ; (C)central cone ; (O)old volcanic edifice ; (Y)young volcanic edifice ; (YP)youngest pyroclastic cone ; ololivine ; cpx clinopyroxene ; opxorthopyroxene ; btbiotite ; plplagioclase ; opqopaque minerals ; gmgroundmass ; ph phenocryst. Names of volcanic products are based on Ono and Watanabe (+32/), Watanabe (,**+), Masuda et al. (,**.), and Miyabuchi et al. (,**.). ASK,+1, ASK-.0- : Drilling core samples from Takanoobane volcano. They were provided by Aso Volcanological Laboratory..
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(30) Table ,.. Major and trace element data for samples from post-caldera volcanic stage of Aso.. 273.
(31) 274.
(32) Table ,.. (continued).
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(36) ! ' t. (continued). Abbreviations are the same as Table +. ASK,+1, ASK.3., ASK0-*, ASK++*3, ASK++,1, ASK-++,, ASK-++2, ASK-+,., ASK-.0-, ASK+/./, ASK+0-*, ASK +3,*, ASK+31+, ASK+333 : Drilling core samples from Takanoobane volcano. They were provided by Aso Volcanological Laboratory..
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(64) . I J12-K5 L& / . ?@k "#9'(#)*+,-. lm . Table -.. Criteria for classifying the post-caldera volcanic products into seven groups.. Wavy lines show boundaries. Names of volcanic products are based on Ono and Watanabe (+32/), Watanabe (,**+), Masuda et al. (,**.) and Miyabuchi et al. (,**.). Abbreviations are the same as Table +.. Fig. .. (a) Phenocryst abundances vs. SiO, contents for the seven groups from Aso volcano. (b) Averaged grain size of plagioclase phenocryst vs. SiO, contents for the seven groups from Aso volcano..
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(87) 280.
(88) . Fig. 1. Rb-Nb and Rb-Zr diagrams for the seven groups from Aso volcano. Shaded areas show the compositional ranges formed by simple fractional crystallization. Symbols are the same as Fig. 0..
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(100) 282. ©ª«¬¥{®¯¥°¤±². Fig. 3. Distribution map of the intra-caldera vents indicating that younger basaltic products were erupted from the central vents of the caldera area surrounded by dotted line. ¨+ indicates the possible vent of Otogase lava and ¨, indicates the possible vent of Nagano lava, both as suggested by Miyabuchi et al. (,**.)..
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(108) 'C0?A?@#$V<S!1 ΐ. ῒ. W5XYZ[\ 6789]: ^; <_`a b[ cd=>"e% f?>!gh "@V#i \jA)07kABC0 #i l0#1 DEmF.#@ G H nI9]:3&oJKpLM Nqr OsPQRt ST?UVWuXY"Zv#[ w?cx[y"#i l0#1 [z\;<{ ]#0l>1. ῐ ῑ Green, T. H. (+33.) Experimental studies of trace-element partitioning applicable to igneous petrogenesis|Sedona +0 years later. Chemical Geol., ++1, +ῌ-0. Hunter, A. G. (+332) Intracrustal controls on the coexist-. 283. ence of tholeiitic and calc-alkaline magma series at Aso volcano, SW Japan. J. Petrol., -3, +,//ῌ+,2.. Hunter, A. G. and Blake, S. (+33/) Petrogenetic evolution of a transitional tholeiitic calc-alkaline series : Towada volcano, Japan. J. Petrol., -0, +/13ῌ+0*/. Huppert, H. E. and Sparks, R. S. (+322) The generation of granitic magmas by intrusion of basalt into continental crust. J. Petrol., ,3, /33ῌ0,.. }^~ (+33,) *H_`a-0| b_`5S cb[ y dUe1 f)D .* /-ῌ0-. g^0hij2ksl (,**.) *HG amdn3o#pRS#qr y)sq1 .3 ++3ῌ+,2. tbῌl (+313) u3v!cv_) >!wUV1 f)D +0 +,1ῌ+-3. sl xyl ^^z ij2k { | (,**-) 3v! 3 }~( 1 .2 +3/ῌ,+.. slg^0hij2k (,**.) sq. )*;<#*HGaf p 1 .3 ,01ῌ,2,. ¡; (,**,) u+>!6¢ - }~(. ~ XY1 £¤XY .+ ,,/ῌ,-0. ;¥¦ (+30/) Of)1 f)§ 1+ /.+ῌ//-. ;¥¦ij2k (+32-) 1 ¨©fª / 1-ῌ2,. ;¥¦ij2k (+32/) f) «/ } +1 f) . f)p1 Rollinson, H. R. (+33-) Using geochemical data ; evaluation, presentation, interpretation. Longman Singapore Publ. ltd., -/, pp. ¬;¦ (,**,) ®¯ X `"#* 3&o 3 1 tXY¤ T , ° +ῌ/3. ,7±² (,**,) 1 ³ ,1, p. ^ ´ (+32/) µy ¶uff· c «,1 f -2 +ῌ+,. ij2k (,**+) !¸|f)+¹!f ºc|1 2s E 1 2s N»qrh ,., pp. «N¡¢ OsPQ.
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We prove that for some form of the nonlinear term these simple modes are stable provided that their energy is large enough.. Here stable means orbitally stable as solutions of
As in [6], we also used an iterative algorithm based on surrogate functionals for the minimization of the Tikhonov functional with the sparsity penalty, and proved the convergence
Due to Kondratiev [12], one of the appropriate functional spaces for the boundary value problems of the type (1.4) are the weighted Sobolev space V β l,2.. Such spaces can be defined
This makes a somewhat more sophisticated analysis of the behaviour of that vertex necessary, which represents the curvature minimum (Lemma 3). [Gr1, § 2, Main Theorem]), we are able
In this paper we prove in Theorem 5.2 that if we assume (1.1) satisfying the conditions of the Equivariant Hopf Theorem and f is in Birkhoff normal form then the only branches
The existence of a global attractor and its properties In this section we finally prove Theorem 1.6 on the existence of a global attractor, which will be denoted by A , for
