無形文化遺産保護における国際的枠組みの形成

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無形文化遺産保護における国際的枠組みの形成

著者宮田繁幸

雑誌名無形文化遺産研究報告

号 1

ページ 1‑26

発行年 2007‑03‑31

URL http://doi.org/10.18953/00003109

Creative Commons : 表示 ‑ 非営利 ‑ 改変禁止 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by‑nc‑nd/3.0/deed.ja

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ήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥଻⼔ߦ߅ߌࠆ࿖㓙⊛ᨒ⚵ߺᒻᚑ

ች↰ ❥ᐘ

ߪߓ߼ߦ

ήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥ߩ࿖㓙⊛଻⼔ߩᨒ⚵ߺᒻᚑߩേ߈ߪޔ੹਎♿ߦߥߞߡᕆㅦߦㅴዷߒߚࠃ߁ߦ⷗߃ࠆޕ ߘߩౕ૕⊛⃻ࠇߣߒߡߪޔ࡙ࡀࠬࠦߦ߅ߌࠆޟੱ㘃ߩญᛚ෸߮ήᒻㆮ↥ߩவ૞ት⸒ޠࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩታᣉ ߣޔߘࠇߣ૬ⴕߒߡㅴ߼ࠄࠇߚޟήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥଻⼔᧦⚂ޠߩ✦⚿෸߮⊒ല߇㗼⪺ߥ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕߎࠇࠄ ߦࠃࠅޔ᦭ᒻߩㆮ↥ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚޟ਎⇇ㆮ↥᧦⚂ޠ✦⚿ߦㆃࠇࠆߎߣ ᢙᐕߢޔήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥ߦ߅޿ߡ

߽ࠃ߁߿ߊ࿖㓙⊛଻⼔ߩၮᧄ⊛ᨒ⚵ߺߩ╙৻ᱠ߇〯ߺ಴ߐࠇߚߣ޿߃ࠆߛࠈ߁ޕߒ߆ߒ᧦⚂߇✦⚿ߐࠇ ߚߣߪ޿߃ޔߘߩౕ૕⊛ㆇ↪ߦ㑐ߒߡߪᧂ⍮ᢙߩㇱಽ߇ᄙߊޔ᧦⚂ߦၮߠ޿ߚࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߥ

߽ߩߦߥࠆߩ߆ߪޔ⃻࿷ᬌ⸛߇ㅴ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆᲑ㓏ߢ޽ࠆޕ

ߘߎߢᧄⓂߢߪޔߎࠇ߹ߢߦ⥋ࠆ⚻✲෸߮⃻⁁ࠍᢛℂߒޔ੹ᓟߩᬌ⸛ㆊ⒟ߦ߅޿ߡ੍ᗐߐࠇࠆ⺖㗴╬

ߦߟ߈ಽᨆࠍ⹜ߺࠆޕ

㧝 ήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥଻⼔᧦⚂ߦ⥋ࠆ⚻✲

㧔㧝㧕 வ૞ት⸒ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓએ೨

ᢥൻㆮ↥଻⼔ࠍ߼ߋࠆ࿖㓙⊛଻⼔ߩᨒ⚵ߺߪޔ ᐕߦ✦⚿ߐࠇߚ̌CONVENTION CONCERNING

THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE̍㧔ޟ਎⇇ߩᢥൻㆮ↥෸߮⥄

ὼㆮ↥ߩ଻⼔ߦ㑐ߔࠆ᧦⚂ޠએਅޔޟ਎⇇ㆮ↥᧦⚂ޠߣ޿߁㧕ߢᦨೋߦౕ૕ൻߒߚޕߎߩ᧦⚂ߪޔ ᐕઍߩࠛࠫࡊ࠻ߦ߅ߌࠆࠕࠬࡢࡦ࡮ࡂࠗ࡮࠳ࡓᑪ⸳ߦ઻߁ฎઍㆮ〔ߩ᳓ᴚ໧㗴ߦ┵ࠍ⊒ߒߚޔ࿖㓙⊛ㆮ

〔଻⼔᳇ㆇߩ㜞߹ࠅߦࠃߞߡ߽ߚࠄߐࠇߚߎߣߪࠃߊ⍮ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅޔߘߩኻ⽎ߣߔࠆᢥൻㆮ↥ߩ▸࿐߽ޔ ޟ⸥ᔨᎿ૞‛ޠޟᑪㅧ‛⟲ޠޟㆮ〔ޠߣ޿߁ਇേ↥⊛ߥ᦭ᒻᢥൻㆮ↥ߦ㒢ቯߐࠇߡ޿ߚޕߎߩ᧦⚂ߦࠃ ࠅޔ᦭ᒻߩᢥൻㆮ↥ߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔߘࠇ߹ߢ୘೎ߦⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ߚ࿖㓙දജߦኻߒߡޔ൮᜝⊛ߥౕ૕⊛ᨒ⚵

ߺ߇ਈ߃ࠄࠇߚߣ޿߃ࠆߛࠈ߁ޕ

ߎߩ1972ᐕߩ਎⇇ㆮ↥᧦⚂ߢߪޔ⚿ᨐ⊛ߦ᦭ᒻߩᢥൻㆮ↥ߦኻ⽎߇㒢ࠄࠇߚ߇ޔ᧦⚂ߩᦨ⚳᩺ߦ⥋ࠆ

߹ߢߦߪޔήᒻߩᢥൻㆮ↥ࠍ߽൮฽ߔࠆ⠨߃ᣇ߇ή߆ߞߚࠊߌߢߪߥ޿ࠃ߁ߛޕ2002ᐕ9᦬27ᣣߦⴕ

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ࠊࠇߚ᧲੩ᢥൻ⽷⎇ⓥᚲߩޟ╙12࿁࿖㓙ᢥൻ⽷଻ሽୃᓳ⎇ⓥળޠߦ߅޿ߡޔᒰᤨ࡙ࡀࠬࠦήᒻㆮ↥⺖⡯

ຬߢ޽ߞߚ૒⮮⋥ሶߪޟ࡙ࡀࠬࠦߦ߅ߌࠆ̌ήᒻߩᢥൻ⽷̍଻ሽߦߟ޿ߡߩขࠅ⚵ߺޠߣ㗴ߔࠆႎ๔ߦ ߅޿ߡޔએਅߩࠃ߁ߦㅀߴߡ޿ࠆޕ

ߚߛߒޔታߪߎߩ਎⇇ㆮ↥᧦⚂ߪޔ⨲ⓂߩᲑ㓏ߢߪޔ଻⼔ߩኻ⽎ߣߔࠆᢥൻ⽷ߣߒߡήᒻㆮ↥ࠍ฽

ࠎߢ޿ߚߩߢߔ߇ޔߘࠇ߇ᦨ⚳⊛ߦ೥㒰ߐࠇߡߒ߹ߞߚࠄߒ޿ߩߢߔޕߢߔ߆ࠄޔߎߩ᧦⚂߇૞ࠄ ࠇߚ⢛᥊ߦߪޔ᦭ᒻߣήᒻߩ඙೎ήߊޔߘࠇࠄࠍหᤨߦᢥൻ⽷ߣߒߡขࠅᛒ߅߁ޔߣ޿߁⠨߃ᣇ߇

޽ߞߚߩߪ⏕߆ߩࠃ߁ߥߩߢߔޕߒ߆ߒޔ⚿ᨐ⊛ߦߪᓟߩ਎⇇ㆮ↥᧦⚂ߦߪήᒻߩᢥൻㆮ↥ࠍᗧ⼂

ߒߚࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ߇ޔߘߩㆇ༡ᣇ㊎ߩਛߦㅊടߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߩޔߎߩ᧦⚂߇਎ߦ⃻ࠇߚ1972ᐕߩᲑ 㓏ߢߪޔߎߩߥ߆ߦήᒻㆮ↥ߪᗧ⼂ߐࠇߥ߇ࠄ߽ޔኻ⽎ߣߒߡߪ⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇ߹ߖࠎߢߒߚޕ⁽²⁾

᧦⚂೙ቯㆊ⒟ߢߩౕ૕⊛ߥ⼏⺰ߩ⹦⚦ߦߟ޿ߡߪޔᄖㇱ߆ࠄ┍޿⍮ࠆߎߣߪ࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔ࡙ࡀࠬࠦࠍ ਛᔃߣߔࠆήᒻㆮ↥ࠍ߼ߋࠆേ߈⁽³⁾߆ࠄ⷗ߡޔήᒻㆮ↥ࠍ߽฽ࠎߛ᧦⚂ߩᨒ⚵ߺߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛߇ߥߐࠇ ߡ޿ߚߎߣߪ₸⋥ߦ⚊ᓧߢ߈ࠆ߽ߩ߇޽ࠆޕ

⚵❱㕙ߦ߅޿ߡ߽ޔ1982 ᐕߦ⃻࿷޿߁ߣߎࠈߩήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥ࠍኾ㐷ߦᛒ߁̌Non physical heritage section̍߇㐿⸳ߐࠇߡޔ৻ጀߩᒝൻ߇࿑ࠄࠇߚޕߎߩ⚵❱ߪޔ1992ᐕߦ⃻ⴕߩ̍Intangible heritage section̍

ߣᡷ⒓ߐࠇࠆ߇ޔ৻⽾ߒߡήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⒳ޘߩળวࠍડ↹࡮ㆇ༡ߒߡޔޟήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥଻⼔᧦⚂ޠ ߦ޿ߚࠆ࿖㓙⊛ầᵹߩᒻᚑߦൕ߼ߡ߈ߚ⁽⁴⁾ޕߎߎߢߪ୘ޘߩળวߦ߅ߌࠆਥ㗴࡮⼏⺰ߦߟ޿ߡ⹦⚦ߦㅊ ߁ߎߣߪ಴᧪ߥ޿߇ޔߘߩࠃ߁ߥ⼏⺰߇޿ߊߟ߆ߩ౏ᑼߥᢥᦠߣߒߡ࡙ࡀࠬࠦ߆ࠄ⊒⴫ߐࠇޔߘࠇ߇߹

ߚήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥଻⼔ߦ߅ߌࠆᰴߩࠬ࠹࠶ࡊߩၮ␆ߣߥߞߚߎߣߦᵈ⋡ߒߡ߅߈ߚ޿ޕ

ߘ߁ߒߚਛߢ߹ߕ↹ᦼ⊛ߢ޽ߞߚߩߪޔ1989ᐕߩ࡙ࡀࠬࠦ╙25࿁✚ળߢណᛯߐࠇߚޟવ⛔ᢥൻ෸߮

᳃㑆વᛚߩ଻⼔ߦ㑐ߔࠆ൘๔ޠ⁽⁵⁾ߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕߎࠇߪᒝ೙ജߩߥ޿ޟ൘๔ޠߣ޿߁ᒻᑼߢߪ޽ࠆ߇ޔߪߓ

߼ߡήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥଻⼔ࠍਛᔃߣߒߚ࿖㓙⊛ߥᢥᦠߣߒߡޔᵈ⋡ߔߴ߈߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ ߎߩ൘๔ߢߪޔ߹ߕ೨ᢥߢޔ

᳃㑆વᛚߪੱ㘃ߩ᥉ㆉ⊛ㆮ↥ߩ৻ㇱࠍᒻᚑߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅޔ߹ߚޔߘࠇߪ⇣ߥࠆ᳃ᣖ෸߮␠ળ㓸࿅

ࠍ⚿߮ઃߌޔ߆ߟޔߘߩᢥൻ⊛⁛⥄ᕈࠍਥᒛߔࠆߚ߼ߩ᦭ജߥᚻᲑߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ⠨ᘦߒޔߘߩ␠ળ

⊛ޔ⚻ᷣ⊛ޔᢥൻ⊛෸߮᡽ᴦ⊛㊀ⷐᕈਗ߮ߦ᳃ᣖߩᱧผߦ߅ߌࠆߘߩᓎഀ෸߮⃻ઍᢥൻߦ߅ߌࠆߘ ߩ૏⟎ઃߌߦ⇐ᗧߒޔᢥൻㆮ↥෸߮⃻ሽᢥൻߩਇนᰳߥⷐ⚛ߣߒߡߩ᳃㑆વᛚߩ․⾰෸߮㊀ⷐᕈࠍ ᒝ⺞ߒޔ᳃㑆વᛚߩવ⛔⊛ᒻᑼޔ․ߦญ㗡વᛚߦ㑐ߔࠆ஥㕙ߩᭂᐲߩ⣀ᒙᕈ෸߮ߘߩᶖᄬߩෂ㒾ᕈ ࠍ⹺⼂ߒޔߔߴߡߩ࿖ߦ߅޿ߡ᳃㑆વᛚߩᓎഀࠍ⹺⼂ߔࠆᔅⷐ෸߮ߘࠇ߇⋥㕙ߒߡ޿ࠆᄙߊߩⷐ࿃

߆ࠄ↢ߕࠆෂ㒾ࠍᒝ⺞ߒޔ᡽ᐭ߇ޔ᳃㑆વᛚߩ଻⼔ߦ㑐ߒߡ᳿ቯ⊛ߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߔߴ߈ߢ޽ࠅޔ߆ ߟޔߢ߈ࠆߛߌᣧᕆߦⴕേߔߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆߣ್ᢿߒޔߘߩ╙ ࿁ળᦼߦ߅޿ߡޔ᳃㑆વᛚߩ଻⼔ࠍޔ ᙗ┨╙㧠᧦㧠ߦࠃࠆട⋖࿖ߦኻߔࠆ൘๔ߩਥ㗴ߣߔࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆߣ᳿ቯߒޔᐕ ᦬ ᣣߦ ߎߩ൘๔ࠍណᛯߔࠆޕ

ߣ᳃㑆વᛚߩᕈᩰ╬ߦߟ޿ߡㅀߴߡ޿ࠆޕߎߩਛߦߪޔߘߩᓟߩήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥ࠍ⺆ࠆ਄ߢߩ޿ߊߟ߆ߩ

ࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼ࠍ⷗޿ߛߔߎߣ߇಴᧪ࠃ߁ޕߔߥࠊߜޔޟ᳃ଶ෸߮␠ળ㓸࿅ޠޟᢥൻ⊛⁛⥄ᕈޠޟ⣀ᒙᕈ෸߮ߘ ߩᶖᄬߩෂ㒾ᕈޠ╬ߢ޽ࠆޕ

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ᰴߦޟA ᳃㑆વᛚߩቯ⟵ޠߣߒߡޔ

᳃㑆વᛚߔߥࠊߜવ⛔⊛߆ߟ᳃ⴐ⊛ᢥൻߣߪޔᢥൻ⊛౒ห૕ߩવ⛔ࠍၮ␆ߣߔࠆഃ૞ߩ✚૕ߢ޽

ࠅޔ࿅૕෶ߪ୘ੱߦࠃࠅ⴫⃻ߐࠇޔ౒ห૕ߩᢥൻ⊛෸߮␠ળ⊛⁛⥄ᕈࠍ෻ᤋߔࠆ㒢ࠅߦ߅޿ߡ౒ห

૕ߩᦼᓙࠍ෻ᤋߔࠆ߽ߩߣߒߡ⹺⼂ߐࠇޔߘߩၮḰ෸߮ଔ୯ߪޔญㅀޔᮨ୮෶ߪߘߩઁߩᣇᴺߦࠃ ࠅવᛚߐࠇࠆޕߘߩᒻᘒߪޔߣࠅࠊߌޔ⸒⺆ޔᢥቇޔ㖸ᭉޔ⥰〭ޔㆆᚨޔ␹⹤ޔ௾␞ޔᘠ⠌ޔᚻᎿ

⧓ޔᑪ▽෸߮ߘߩઁߩᛛⴚߢ޽ࠆޕ

ߣቯ⟵ߒߡ߅ࠅޔߎߎߦ߽㊀ⷐߥࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼ߢ޽ࠆޟ౒ห૕ޠߣ޿߁᭎ᔨ߇➅ࠅ㄰ߒߡ⊓႐ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

⛯޿ߡޟ㧮 ᳃㑆વᛚߩ⁛⥄ᕈޠߣߒߡޔ

ᢥൻ⊛⴫⃻ߩ㧝ᒻᘒߣߒߡߩ᳃㑆વᛚߪޔߘࠇ߇ߘߩ⁛⥄ᕈࠍ⴫⃻ߔࠆ࿅૕㧔ኅᣖ⊛ޔ⡯ᬺ⊛ޔ

࿖᳃⊛ޔ࿾ၞ⊛ޔቬᢎ⊛ޔ᳃ᣖ⊛╬㧕ߦࠃࠅޔ߆ߟޔߘߩ࿅૕ߩߚ߼ߦ଻⼔ߐࠇߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ޕ ߎߩߚ߼ޔട⋖࿖ߪޔએਅߩߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ࿖ౝ⊛ޔ࿾ၞ⊛෸߮࿖㓙⊛Ბ㓏ߢߩㆡಾߥ⺞ᩏࠍᅑ ബߔࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆޕ

ߣㅀߴޔ⺞ᩏߩౕ૕⊛ߥ⋡⊛ߣߒߡޔޟ࿾ၞ⊛෸߮ో਎⇇⊛ߥ⊓㍳★ߦ⸥タߔࠆߚ߼ޔ᳃㑆વᛚߦ㑐ߔࠆ

࿖ౝߩᯏ㑐ߦߟ޿ߡߩ⋡㍳૞ᚑޠޟಽ㘃ᣇᑼ⺞ᢛߩߚ߼ޔ⏕⹺෸߮⊓㍳ᣇᑼ㧔෼㓸ޔ⋡㍳૞ᚑޔォ౮㧕ߩ

ഃ⸳ޔ෶ߪଢⷩޔ෼㓸᩺ౝᦠޔᮨဳ⋡㍳╬ࠍ೑↪ߒߡᣢሽߩ⏕⹺෸߮⊓㍳ᣇᑼࠍ⊒ዷߐߖࠆߎߣޠޟ᳃㑆 વᛚߩၮḰ㘃ဳߩഃ⸳ߩᝄ⥝ޠߩ3ὐࠍឝߍࠆޕ

ᰴߦޟ㧯 ᳃㑆વᛚߩ଻ሽޠߣߒߡޔ

଻ሽߪޔ᳃ଶવ⛔ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⾗ᢱ૞ᚑߦ㑐ࠊࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅޔߘߩ⋡⊛ߪޔߘߩࠃ߁ߥવ⛔߇૶↪ߐ ࠇߡ޿ߥ޿႐ว෶ߪᄌኈߒߚ႐วߦޔ⎇ⓥ⠪෸߮વ⛔વᛚ⠪߇ޔવ⛔߇ᄌൻߔࠆㆊ⒟ࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߚ

߼ߩ⾗ᢱࠍ೑↪ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕ

ߣㅀߴߡ߅ࠅޔߐࠄߦߎߩ଻ሽߩ⋡⊛ߩߚ߼ߦട⋖࿖߇ⴕ߁ߴ߈߽ߩߣߒߡޔޟ෼㓸ߒߚ᳃㑆વᛚࠍㆡಾ

ߦ⫾Ⓧߒޔ೑↪น⢻ߦߔࠆ࿖ౝ⸥㍳଻ሽᚲࠍ⸳┙ޠޟࠨ࡯ࡆࠬឭଏߩߚ߼ߩਛᨔ⊛࿖ౝ⸥㍳଻ሽᯏ⢻ࠍ⏕

┙ޠޟવ⛔⊛߆ߟ᳃ⴐ⊛ᢥൻ߇ዷ␜น⢻ߥޔඳ‛㙚෶ߪᣢሽߩඳ‛㙚ౝߩ᳃㑆વᛚㇱ㐷ࠍ⸳┙ޠޟવ⛔⊛

߆ߟ᳃ⴐ⊛ᢥൻߩ⃻࿷෶ߪㆊ෰ߩ஥㕙ࠍᒝ⺞ߔࠆࠃ߁ߥޔߎࠇࠄᢥൻߩ⴫␜ᣇᴺࠍఝవޠޟ෼㓸෸߮⸥㍳

଻ሽߩᣇᴺࠍ⺞๺ޠޟ‛ℂ⊛଻ሽ߆ࠄಽᨆ⊛૞ᬺ߳ࠊߚࠆ᳃㑆વᛚߩ଻ሽߦ㑐ࠊࠆ෼㓸ኅޔ⸥㍳଻ሽኅޔ ᢥᦠ⎇ⓥ⠪෸߮ߘߩઁߩኾ㐷ኅࠍ⸠✵ޠޟߔߴߡߩ᳃㑆વᛚߩ⾗ᢱࠍ଻ሽߒޔ૞ᬺߩߚ߼ߩⶄ⵾෸߮࿾ၞ

ᯏ㑐ߩߚ߼ߩⶄ⵾ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆᚻᲑࠍឭଏߒޔ߽ߞߡᢥൻ౒ห૕߇ߘࠇࠄߩ⾗ᢱࠍ೑↪಴᧪ࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆ ߎߣޠߩ7㗄⋡ࠍ᳞߼ߡ޿ࠆޕߎࠇࠄ߆ࠄ⷗ߡޔߎߩ൘๔ߦ߅ߌࠆޟ଻ሽޠ⁽⁶⁾߇ޔᣣᧄߢ޿߁ߣߎࠈߩ

޿ࠊࠁࠆ⸥㍳଻ሽߦㄭ޿⠨߃ߢ޽ࠆߎߣߪ᣿⊕ߢ޽ࠆޕߎߩᓟ൘๔ߢߪޔޟ㧰 ᳃㑆વᛚߩ⛽ᜬޠ⁽⁷⁾ޟE

᳃㑆વᛚߩ᥉෸ޠ⁽⁸⁾ߣ޿߁㗄⋡߇⛯ߊ߇ޔߎࠇࠄߩਛりߪޔᣣᧄᵹߦ޿߃߫ޔߘࠇߙࠇ᳃㑆વᛚߩવᛚޔ ᥉෸໪⊒ޔߣ޿ߞߚߎߣߦ޽ߚࠆߛࠈ߁ޕ⸥㍳଻ሽޔવᛚߩᒝൻޔ᥉෸໪⊒ޔߩ㧟ߟߪޔᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆ ήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥଻⼔ߩ႐วߢ߽ၮᧄ⊛ߥ⠨߃ᣇߢ޽ࠅޔߘߩᗧ๧ߢ൘๔ߩߎߎ߹ߢߩౝኈߦ․ߦ⋡ᣂߒ޿

߽ߩߪή޿ߣ޿߃ࠃ߁ޕ

ߒ߆ߒޔᰴߩޟ㧲 ᳃㑆વᛚߩ଻⼔ޠ⁽⁹⁾ߢߪޔᣣᧄ࿖ౝߩήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥଻⼔ߢߪᓥ᧪߶ߣࠎߤᵈ⋡ߐ ࠇߥ߆ߞߚ࠹࡯ࡑ߇⊓႐ߔࠆޕ൘๔ߪߎߩ㗄⋡ߦ߅޿ߡᰴߩࠃ߁ߦㅀߴࠆޕ

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᳃㑆વᛚߪޔ୘ੱߩ߽ߩߢ޽ࠇޔ㓸࿅ߩ߽ߩߢ޽ࠇޔ⍮⊛ഃ૞ᕈߩ⊒㔺ߢ޽ࠆ㒢ࠅޔ⍮⊛⵾૞‛ߦ ਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆ଻⼔ߦࠃࠅ␜ໂߐࠇࠆᣇᴺߦࠃࠆ଻⼔ߦ୯ߔࠆޕ᳃㑆વᛚࠍߎߩࠃ߁ߦ଻⼔ߔࠆߎߣߪޔ 㑐ଥߔࠆᱜᒰߥ೑⋉ࠍଚኂߔࠆߎߣߥߊޔ࿖ߩౝᄖߢߎࠇࠄߩ⴫⃻‛ߩ৻ጀߩ⊒ዷޔ⛽ᜬ෸߮᥉෸

ࠍଦߔᚻᲑߣߒߡਇนᰳߦߥߞߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆޕ

᳃㑆વᛚߩ⴫⃻‛ߩ଻⼔ߦߟ޿ߡߩޟ⍮⊛ᚲ᦭ᮭޠߩ஥㕙ߪ೎ߦߒߡޔ᳃㑆વᛚߦߟ޿ߡߩ⾗ᢱ࠮

ࡦ࠲࡯෸߮⸥㍳଻ሽᚲߦ߅޿ߡᣢߦ଻⼔ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅޔ߆ߟޔ዁᧪ߦ߅޿ߡ߽଻⼔ߐࠇ⛯ߌࠆߴ߈᭽ޘ ߥ⒳㘃ߩᮭ೑߇޽ࠆޕߎߩߚ߼ޔട⋖࿖ߪᰴߩߎߣࠍⴕ߁߽ߩߣߔࠆޕ

㧔a㧕 ޟ⍮⊛ᚲ᦭ᮭޠߩ஥㕙ߦ㑐ߒߡޔ

ߘߩ૞ᬺ߇᳃㑆વᛚߩ㧝ߟߩ஥㕙ߦߩߺ㑐ㅪߒߡ߅ࠅޔ߹ߚޔ᳃㑆વᛚࠍ଻⼔ߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ᭽ޘߥ ಽ㊁ߢߩ୘೎ⴕേ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ⹺⼂ߒߟߟޔ⍮⊛ᚲ᦭ᮭߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿖㓙ㅪวᢎ⢒⑼ቇᢥൻᯏ㑐

෸߮਎⇇⍮⊛ᚲ᦭ᮭᯏ㑐ߩ㊀ⷐߥ૞ᬺߦ㑐ㅪᒰዪߩᵈᗧࠍ༐⿠ߔࠆߎߣޕ 㧔b㧕㑐ㅪߔࠆઁߩᮭ೑ߦ㑐ߒߡޔ

㧔γ㧕 વ⛔ߩ⛮ᛚ⠪ߣߒߡߩᖱႎឭଏ⠪ࠍ଻⼔ߔࠆߎߣ㧔ࡊ࡜ࠗࡃࠪ࡯෸߮⒁ኒߩ଻⼔㧕ޕ 㧔δ㧕 ෼㓸ߐࠇߚ⾗ᢱ߇⸥㍳଻ሽᚲߦ߅޿ߡ⦟ᅢߥ⁁ᘒߢޔ߆ߟޔ૕♽⊛ߥᣇᴺߢ଻ሽߐࠇࠆߎ ߣࠍ⏕଻ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅޔ෼㓸⠪ߩ೑⋉ࠍ଻⼔ߔࠆߎߣޕ

㧔ε㧕 ᗧ࿑⊛ߢ޽ࠆ߆ุ߆ࠍ໧ࠊߕޔ෼㓸ߐࠇߚ⾗ᢱ߇⺋↪ߐࠇࠆߎߣࠍ㒐ᱛߔࠆߚ߼ߦᔅⷐߥ ភ⟎ࠍណ↪ߔࠆߎߣޕ

㧔ζ㧕 ෼㓸ߐࠇߚ⾗ᢱߩ૶↪ࠍ⋙ⷞߔࠆߣ޿߁⸥㍳଻ሽᚲߩ⽿છࠍ⹺⼂ߔࠆߎߣޕ

ߎߩ㗄⋡ߩਛᔃߪޔޟ᳃㑆વᛚޠࠍޟ⍮⊛ഃ૞‛ߩ⊒㔺ޠߢ޽ࠆ㒢ࠅޔ⍮⊛೙૞‛ߦਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆ଻⼔ߦࠃ ࠅ␜ໂߐࠇࠆᣇᴺߦࠃࠅ଻⼔ߦ୯ߔࠆޔߣߒߡ޿ࠆ౨㗡ㇱಽߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕߎߎߢ޿߁ޟ଻⼔ޠߣߪޔ૗ࠄ ߆ߩᮭ೑ଚኂߦኻߔࠆᮭ೑଻⼔⊛ᗧ๧ว޿߇ᒝ޿ߩߪޔේᢥߢ̌protection̍ߣ޿߁⺆ࠍ૶↪ߒߡ޿ࠆߎ ߣ߆ࠄ߽᣿ࠄ߆ߢ޽ࠆޕૉߒട⋖࿖ߦ᳞߼ࠆࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦߣߒߡߪޔޟ⍮⊛ᚲ᦭ᮭߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿖㓙ㅪวᢎ⢒⑼ ቇᢥൻᯏ㑐෸߮਎⇇⍮⊛ᚲ᦭ᮭᯏ㑐ߩ㊀ⷐߥ૞ᬺߦ㑐ㅪᒰዪߩᵈᗧࠍ༐⿠ߔࠆߎߣޕޠߦߣߤ߹ߞߡ߅ࠅޔ

ౕ૕⊛ߥ૗ࠄ߆ߩⴕേ㧔଀߃߫ᔅⷐߥ┙ᴺភ⟎╬㧕ࠍขࠆߎߣࠍଦߔߣߎࠈ߹ߢߪ〯ߺㄟࠎߢ޿ߥ޿ޕ ήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥଻⼔ߣ⍮⊛ᚲ᦭ᮭߩ㑐ଥ⁽¹⁰⁾ߦߟ޿ߡߪޔⓂࠍᡷ߼ߡ⺰ߓࠆߴ߈ᄢ߈ߥ⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠅޔᧄⓂߢ ߪߎࠇએ਄┙ߜ౉ࠄߥ޿߇ޔᣣᧄߢߪߎࠇ߹ߢ߶ߣࠎߤ໧㗴ߣߐࠇߡߎߥ߆ߞߚߎߩ࠹࡯ࡑ߇ޔήᒻᢥ ൻㆮ↥଻⼔ߩ࿖㓙⊛ߥ⼏⺰ߢߪޔ㕖Ᏹߦᄢ߈ߥ⺖㗴ߣߒߡ⃻࿷߹ߢ⛯޿ߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆޕߎߩ൘๔ߪޔ ήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥଻⼔ߩ஥߆ࠄೋ߼ߡߘࠇࠍ⴫᣿ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

ߐߡ൘๔ߪᦨᓟߦޟG ࿖㓙දജޠߣߒߡޔᰴߩࠃ߁ߦㅀߴࠆޕ

᳃㑆વᛚߩ⊒ዷ෸߮ᓳ⥝⸘↹ਗ߮ߦ㧝ട⋖࿖ߩ࿖☋ࠍ᦭ߔࠆኾ㐷ኅߦࠃࠆઁߩട⋖࿖ߩ㗔࿯ౝߢߩ

⺞ᩏࠍታⴕߔࠆߚ߼ߦޔ․ߦੱ⊛෸߮‛⊛⾗Ḯࠍ⫾߃ࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅޔᢥൻදജ෸߮੤ᵹࠍᒝൻߔࠆ ᔅⷐᕈ߇޽ࠆߣߩⷰὐ߆ࠄޔട⋖࿖ߪᰴߩߎߣࠍⴕ߁߽ߩߣߔࠆޕ

㧔a㧕 ᳃㑆વᛚߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿖㓙⊛෸߮࿾ၞ⊛ߥදળޔᯏ㑐෸߮⚵❱ߦදജߔࠆߎߣޕ

㧔b㧕᳃㑆વᛚߦ㑐ߔࠆ⍮⼂ޔ᥉෸෸߮଻⼔ߩಽ㊁ߦ߅޿ߡ․ߦએਅߩ㗄⋡ࠍㅢߓߡදജߔࠆߎߣޕ 㧔γ㧕 ޽ࠄࠁࠆ⒳㘃ߩᖱႎߩ੤឵ޔ⑼ቇ⊛෸߮ᛛⴚ⊛಴ ‛ߩ੤឵

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㧔δ㧕 ኾ㐷ኅߩ⸠✵ޔᷰ⥶⾌ߩ⛎ઃޔ⑼ቇ⊛෸߮ᛛⴚ⊛ߥੱຬ෸߮ᯏ᧚ߩㅍઃ

㧔ε㧕 ⃻ઍߩ᳃㑆વᛚߩ⾗ᢱ૞ᚑߩಽ㊁ߦ߅ߌࠆ㧞࿖㑆෶ߪᄙ࿖㑆ߩ⸘↹ߩଦㅴ

㧔ζ㧕 ․ቯߩ⼏㗴ޔ․ߦ᳃㑆વᛚߩ⾗ᢱ෸߮⴫⃻‛ߦ㑐ߔࠆಽ㘃෸߮⋡㍳૞ᚑਗ߮ߦ⎇ⓥߦ߅ ߌࠆ⃻ઍ⊛ᚻᴺ෸߮ᛛⴚߦ㑐ߔࠆޔኾ㐷ኅ㑆ߩળวޔ⎇ⓥળ෸߮૞ᬺㇱળߩ㐿௅

㧔c㧕 ⒳ޘߩ㑐ଥ࿅૕㧔౒ห૕෶ߪ୘ੱ⧯ߒߊߪᴺੱ㧕߇᳃㑆વᛚߩ⺞ᩏޔഃ૞ޔ᭴ᚑޔታṶޔ⸥

㍳෸߮᥉෸߆ࠄ↢ߕࠆ⚻ᷣ⊛෸߮♖␹⊛ᮭ೑ਗ߮ߦ޿ࠊࠁࠆ㓞ធᮭࠍ੨ฃߔࠆߎߣࠍ࿖㓙⊛ߦ⏕଻

ߔࠆߚ߼ߦኒធߦදജߔࠆߎߣޕ

㧔d㧕ߘߩ㗔࿯ౝߢ⺞ᩏ߇ⴕࠊࠇߚട⋖࿖߇ޔ㑐ଥട⋖࿖߆ࠄ޽ࠄࠁࠆᢥᦠޔ㍳㖸࠹࡯ࡊޔࡆ࠺ࠝ࡮

ࡈࠖ࡞ࡓޔᤋ↹෸߮ߘߩઁߩ⾗ᢱߩⶄ⵾ࠍ౉ᚻߔࠆᮭ೑ࠍ଻⸽ߔࠆߎߣޕ

㧔e㧕 ᳃㑆વᛚߦߟ޿ߡߩ⾗ᢱߦ៊்ࠍਈ߃෶ߪߘߩଔ୯ࠍᷫߓ⧯ߒߊߪߘߩ᥉෸෶ߪ૶↪ࠍᅹߍ ᓧࠆⴕὑࠍޔߎࠇࠄߩ⾗ᢱߩᚲ࿷߇⥄࿖ߩ㗔࿯ౝߢ޽ࠇޔઁߩട⋖࿖ߩ㗔࿯ౝߢ޽ࠇޔᏅߒប߃ࠆ ߎߣޕ

㧔f㧕 ᱞജ⚗੎ޔ㗔࿯ߩභ㗔෶ߪઁߩ⒳㘃ߩ㛍ੂ߆ࠄ↢ߕࠆෂ㒾ࠍ฽߻᳃㑆વᛚ߇ߐࠄߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ

޽ࠄࠁࠆੱἴ෸߮⥄ὼἴኂߦኻߒߡޔ᳃㑆વᛚࠍ଻⼔ߔࠆߚ߼ߦᔅⷐߥភ⟎ࠍ⻠ߓࠆߎߣޕ એ਄⷗ߡ߈ߚࠃ߁ߦޔߎߩ൘๔ߪήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥଻⼔ߦ㑐ߒߡౕ૕⊛ߥᣇᴺ⺰ࠍឭ␜ߒߘߩታⴕࠍଦߔ ߣ޿߁ࠃࠅ߽ޔᣣᧄ߿㖧࿖ߣ޿ߞߚዋᢙߩ࿖ࠍ㒰޿ߡ߶ߣࠎߤᗧ⼂ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ᭎ᔨࠍޔᢥൻㆮ↥

ߩ৻Ⅳߣߒߡ࿖㓙⊛ߦ߽଻⼔ߔߴ߈߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߣት⸒ߒߚߎߣߦᗧ⟵߇޽ࠆߣ޿߃ࠆߛࠈ߁ޕߒ߆ߒߥ ߇ࠄήᒻߩᢥൻㆮ↥ߣ޿߁ⷰᔨߦߥߓࠎߢ޿ߥ޿ᄢඨߩട⋖࿖ߦߣߞߡߪޔߎߩ൘๔ߦၮߠߊᵴേߦ㑐 ߒߡ߆ߥࠅߣ߹ߤߞߚࠃ߁ߢ޽ࠆޕ೨ឝߩ૒⮮ߩႎ๔ߢ߽ޔ

1990ᐕ࡙ࡀࠬࠦߩ੐ോዪ㐳߇ട⋖࿖ߦኻߒޔߎߩ൘๔ߦᴪߞߡⴕߞߚߔߴߡߩᵴേࠍ࡙ࡀࠬࠦߦ ႎ๔ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦㅢ๔ߒߚߣߎࠈޔ6ࡩ࿖߆ࠄߒ߆࿁╵߇ነߖࠄࠇߥ޿ޔߣ޿߁⚿ᨐࠍ⷗߹ߒߚޕ⁽¹¹⁾ ߣㅀߴࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅޔߎߩ൘๔߇ౕ૕⊛ߥട⋖࿖ߩ଻⼔ᵴേࠍ⋥ធ⊛ߦଦߒߚߣߪ⸒޿㔍޿⁁ᴫ߇޽ߞߚ ࠃ߁ߛޕߎߩߎߣ߆ࠄޔߎߩ൘๔ߩ⿰ᣦߦᴪߞߚౕ૕⊛ߥࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦࡊ࡜ࡦߩឭ␜߇࡙ࡀࠬࠦߦኻߒߡ

᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ߊߎߣߦߥࠆޕ

ߎ߁ߒߚਛߢ޿ߊߟ߆ߩ⹜ߺ߇ߥߐࠇߚ߇ޔߘߩਛߢᵈ⋡ߔߴ߈߽ߩߩ৻ߟߦ࡙ࡀࠬࠦ߇ㅴ߼ߚੱ㑆

⽷ቲ೙ᐲࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻߇޽ࠆޕߎࠇߪޔ1993ᐕߩ╙142࿁࡙ࡀࠬࠦၫⴕᆔຬળߦ߅޿ߡ㖧࿖߆ࠄߩឭ᩺

ߦၮߠ߈⼏᳿⁽¹²⁾ߐࠇߚ߽ߩ߇಴⊒ὐߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕߎࠇߪޔᏀ⸥ߩ൘๔ߩ♖␹ࠍታ⃻ߔࠆߩߦ᦭ലߥᣇ ᴺߣߒߡޔ㖧࿖߆ࠄឭ໒ߐࠇߚޟੱ㑆ᢥൻ⽷㧔ੱ㑆⽷ቲ㧕೙ᐲޠߦߟ޿ߡޔߘߩ᦭↪ᕈࠍ⹺߼ޔԘߘࠇ ߙࠇߩ࿖ߢㆡಾߥޟੱ㑆ᢥൻ⽷ޠ㧔ੱ㑆⽷ቲ㧕ߩ೙ᐲࠍ⏕┙ߒޔߘߩ࡝ࠬ࠻ࠍ࡙ࡀࠬࠦ੐ോዪߦឭ಴ߔߴ ߈ߎߣޔԙ੐ോዪߪޔฦ࿖߆ࠄឭ಴ߐࠇߚ࡝ࠬ࠻ࠍߣࠅ߹ߣ߼ޔട⋖ฦ࿖ߩⷐᦸߦᔕߓߡ೑↪ߦଏߔࠆ ߎߣޔԚ߽ߒޔฦ࿖࡝ࠬ࠻߇߁߹ߊ޿ߞߚߥࠄ߫ޔᰴߩᲑ㓏ߣߒߡޟੱ㑆ᢥൻ⽷ޠ㧔ੱ㑆⽷ቲ㧕ߩ਎⇇࡝

ࠬ࠻ߩ᭴▽ࠍᏗᦸߔࠆޔߣ޿߁3ὐࠍ᳿⼏ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕߐࠄߦߎߩ᳿⼏ࠍታ⃻ߐߖࠆߚ߼ޔ1996ᐕ

ߦߪޔLiving Human Treasures 㧔ੱ㑆⽷ቲ㧕೙ᐲഃ⸳߳ߩࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ⁽¹³⁾߇࡙ࡀࠬࠦࠃࠅឭ␜ߐࠇߚޕߎ

ߩࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߢߪޔޟ⢛᥊ޠޟቯ⟵ޠޟ⋡⊛ޠߩዉ౉ㇱߦ⛯߈ޔޟੱ㑆⽷ቲ೙ᐲഃ⸳ߩߚ߼ߩⷐ⚛ޠߣߒ ߡޔᴺ೙ᐲᢛ஻ޔήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥ߩ․ቯߣᜰቯޔߘࠇࠍክ⼏ߔࠆኾ㐷ኅᆔຬળߩᔅⷐᕈߣᓎഀޔㆬᛯߩߚ

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߼ߩၮḰޔ⹺ቯߐࠇࠆ଻ᜬ⠪ᢙߩ೙㒢ޔ଻ᜬ⠪ߦਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆႎ㈽ޔ╬ߦߟ߈⚦߆ߥ⇐ᗧὐࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ ߐࠄߦޔήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥ࠍᜬ⛯⊛ߦ଻⼔ߔࠆᚻᲑߣߒߡޔᓟ⛮⠪ߩ㙃ᚑޔ⸥㍳૞ᚑޔ෸߮৻⥸߳ߩ᥉෸໪

⊒ޔࠍឭ᩺ߒޔᦨᓟߦޟੱ㑆⽷ቲ೙ᐲഃ⸳ߩߚ߼ߩᡰេޠߣߒߡޔ࡙ࡀࠬࠦ߆ࠄߩ⽷᡽⊛෸߮ኾ㐷⊛⷗

࿾߆ࠄߩᡰេ߇น⢻ߥߎߣࠍㅀߴߡ޿ࠆޕߘߩౝኈࠍ⷗ࠆߣޔవߩ൘๔ߦᲧߴߡ߆ߥࠅౕ૕⊛ߢ޽ࠅޔ ታ⃻ᕈߦ㈩ᘦߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߃ࠃ߁ޕ੐ታߎߩࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߦࠃࠅޔዋߥߊߣ߽ࠕࡈ࡝ࠞߩ7ࡩ࿖ޔ ࡉ࡜ࠫ࡞ޔࠞࡦࡏࠫࠕޔࡈࠖࠫ࡯ޔ෸߮ࡑࠣ࡟ࡉ⻉࿖߇ੱ㑆⽷ቲ೙ᐲഃ⸳ࠍ⸘↹ߥ޿ߒታⴕਛߢ޽ࠆߣ

޿߁⁽¹⁴⁾ޕޟήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥଻⼔᧦⚂ޠ✦⚿ᓟߩ⃻࿷ߦ߅޿ߡ߽ޔߎߩੱ㑆⽷ቲ೙ᐲࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߪ࡙ࡀࠬࠦ

ߦࠃࠅផㅴߐࠇߡ߅ࠅޔήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥଻⼔ߩ৻ߟߩ᦭ലߥ೙ᐲߣߒߡޔ੹ᓟ߽᜛ᄢߒߡ޿ߊߎߣ߇੍ᗐ ߐࠇࠆޕ

㧔㧞㧕ޟੱ㘃ߩญᛚ෸߮ήᒻㆮ↥ߩவ૞ޠት⸒ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ

ߐߡޔޟήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥଻⼔᧦⚂ޠߦ⥋ࠆ⚻✲ߩਛߢޔᦨ߽ᗧ⟵ߩ޽ߞߚᵴേߪޟੱ㘃ߩญᛚ෸߮ήᒻㆮ

↥ߩவ૞ޠት⸒ߢ޽ߞߚߎߣߪޔ߅ߘࠄߊ⇣⺰ߩߥ޿ߣߎࠈߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕ߻ߒࠈߎߩவ૞ት⸒ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ ߩ৻ቯߩᚑᨐ߇ߥߌࠇ߫ޔ᧦⚂ߩ✦⚿෸߮⊒ലߪή߆ߞߚ߆ޔዋߥߊߣ߽ᤨᦼ⊛ߦ߽ߞߣㆃࠇߡ޿ߚߣ ᕁࠊࠇࠆޕߎߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߇ታᣉߐࠇߚߎߣߦࠃࠆήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥ߦኻߔࠆ࿖㓙⊛ߥ㑐ᔃߩ㜞߹ࠅߪޔߘ ࠇએ೨ߩޟ൘๔ޠ߿ޟੱ㑆⽷ቲࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓޠߦᲧߴޔ߆ߥࠅᄢ߈ߥ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚޕ

வ૞ት⸒ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߇⺀↢ߔࠆ߈ߞ߆ߌߪޔ1997 ᐕߦࡕࡠ࠶ࠦߩࡑ࡜ࠤࠪࡘߢⴕࠊࠇߚ࿖㓙ળ⼏

̌International Consultation on the Preservation of Popular Cultural space̍ߦ߅޿ߡޔήᒻㆮ↥ߦኻߔࠆ࿖㓙⊛

ߥ㗼ᓆ೙ᐲߩᔅⷐᕈ߇᳿⼏ߐࠇߚߎߣߦࠃࠆߣ޿߁⁽¹⁵⁾ޕߎࠇࠍฃߌߡޔ1998ᐕߩ╙155࿁࡙ࡀࠬࠦၫⴕ ᆔຬળߦࠃࠅޔவ૞ት⸒ⷙ⚂⁽¹⁶⁾߇ណᛯߐࠇߚޕߎߩⷙ⚂ߩ᭎⇛ࠍ߹ߣ߼ࠆߣᰴߩࠃ߁ߦߥࠈ߁ޕ Ԙ ⋡⊛

ᄢⴐ⊛࡮વ⛔⊛ߥᢥൻⓨ㑆࡮ᢥൻߩ⴫⃻ᒻᑼߩਛ߆ࠄት⸒ߐࠇߚੱ㘃ߩญᛚ෸߮ήᒻㆮ↥ߩவ૞ࠍ࿖

㓙⊛ߦ㗼ᓆߔࠆޕฦ࿖᡽ᐭޔNGOޔ࿾ᣇ᡽ᐭ╬ߦޔ⥄ࠄߩญᛚ෸߮ήᒻㆮ↥ࠍ⼂೎ޔ଻ሽޔᝄ⥝ߔࠆߎ ߣࠍᅑബߔࠆޕߘߩญᛚ෸߮ήᒻㆮ↥ߦ㑐ଥߔࠆ୘ੱ࡮࿅૕࡮ᯏ㑐࡮⚵❱߇ޔญᛚ෸߮ήᒻㆮ↥ߩ▤ℂޔ

଻ሽޔᝄ⥝ߦᄢ߈ߥ⽸₂ࠍߔࠆߎߣࠍᅑബߔࠆޕ ԙ ቯ⟵

ޟญᛚ෸߮ήᒻㆮ↥ޠߪޔᢥൻ⊛౒ห૕ߩવ⛔ߦၮߠ޿ߚഃㅧ‛ߩ✚૕ߢ޽ࠅޔ࿅૕߹ߚߪ୘ੱߦࠃ ߞߡ⴫⃻ߐࠇޔ߆ߟᢥൻ⊛࡮␠ળ⊛ߥࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖࠍ෻ᤋߔࠆ㒢ࠅߦ߅޿ߡ౒ห૕ߩᦼᓙߦᔕ߃ࠆ

߽ߩߣ⹺⼂ߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅޔߘߩⷙ▸߿ଔ୯ࠍᮨ୮╬ߩᣇᴺߦࠃࠆญᛚߦࠃࠅવᛚߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ ᢥൻⓨ㑆ߩੱ㘃ቇ⊛᭎ᔨߪޔ᳃ⴐߩવ⛔⊛ᢥൻᵴേ߇㓸⚂ߔࠆ႐ᚲߣߒߡޔ߹ߚ޽ࠆ৻ቯߩ๟ᦼ߿৻

ߟߩ಴᧪੐ߦࠃߞߡ৻⥸ߦ․ᓽߠߌࠄࠇࠆᤨ㑆ߣߒߡቯ⟵ߐࠇࠆޕ Ԛ ት⸒ߩ๟ᦼ

வ૞ት⸒ߪޔ2ᐕߏߣߦㆬ⠨ᆔຬળߩ൘๔ߦᓥߞߡ࡙ࡀࠬࠦ੐ോዪ㐳߇౏ᑼߩᑼౖߢⴕ߁ޕ ԛ ⹏ଔߩᚻ⛯߈

୥⵬ߩㆬ⠨ߪ࡙ࡀࠬࠦ੐ോዪ㐳߇છ๮ߒߚㆬ⠨ᆔຬߦࠃࠆޕ

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Ԝ ୥⵬ឭ಴

ឭ಴⠪⾗ᩰ㧦ട⋖࿖෸߮Ḱട⋖࿖᡽ᐭޔ᡽ᐭ㑆⚵❱㧔㑐ଥ࿖ߩ࡙ࡀࠬࠦ࿖ౝᆔຬળߣද⼏ߩ਄㧕ޔ࡙ࡀ

ࠬࠦߣ౏ᑼߦ㑐ଥߔࠆNGO㧔㑐ଥ࿖ߩ࡙ࡀࠬࠦ࿖ౝᆔຬળߣද⼏ߩ਄㧕 ฦട⋖࿖ߪޔ2ᐕߦ1ઙߩߺ୥⵬ࠍឭ಴ߢ߈ࠆޕ

ԝ ၮḰ ㆬ⠨ၮḰ

ޟߚߋ޿ߥ޿ଔ୯ࠍ᦭ߔࠆήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥ߩ㓸⚂ޠޔ෶ߪޟᱧผޔ⧓ⴚޔ᳃ᣖቇޔ␠ળቇޔੱ㘃ቇޔ⸒⺆

ቇ෶ߪᢥቇߩⷰὐ߆ࠄޔߚߋ޿ߥ޿ଔ୯ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ᳃㑆વ⛔ᢥൻߩ⴫⃻ᒻᑼޠ ⠨ᘦၮḰ

a㧕ᒰ⹥౒ห૕ߩᢥൻ⊛વ⛔෶ߪᢥൻ⊛ᱧผߦᩮߠ޿ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ

b㧕ᒰ⹥ߩ᳃ᣖ෸߮ᢥൻ౒ห૕ߩᢥൻ⊛ห৻ᕈࠍ⏕┙ߔࠆᣇᴺߣߒߡߩᓎഀޔ⇣ᢥൻ㑆ߦ߅ߌࠆᓇ㗀

෸߮੤ᵹߩḮᴰߣߒߡߩޔ߹ߚޔ᳃ᣖ෶ߪ౒ห૕ߩ๺⸃ߩᚻᲑߣߒߡߩ㊀ⷐᕈޔ⃻࿷ᒰ⹥౒ห૕ߩ ߚ߼ߦᢥൻ⊛␠ળ⊛ᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ

c㧕↪޿ࠄࠇࠆᛛ㊂෸߮ᛛⴚߩ⾰ߩᵴ↪ߦఝࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ

d㧕⃻ሽߔࠆ৻ߟߩᢥൻ⊛વ⛔ߩ⁛⥄ߩ⸽ߒߣߒߡߩଔ୯ࠍ᦭ߔࠆߎߣ

e㧕଻⼔ᚻᲑߩᰳᅤޔᕆㅦߦㅴ߻ᄌ⾰ޔㇺᏒൻ෶ߪ⇣ᢥൻฃኈ╬ࠍේ࿃ߣߔࠆᶖṌߩෂ㒾ᕈ Ԟ ᔅⷐ⾗ᢱ

࡮ญᛚ෸߮ήᒻㆮ↥ߩ଻ሽޔ଻⼔ޔ⛽ᜬޔᝄ⥝ߩߚ߼ߦ੹ᓟ 10 ᐕ㑆ߦࠊߚࠆᴺ⊛࡮ታല⊛ភ⟎ࠍ

⸥ߒߚᵴേ⸘↹ޔ߅ࠃ߮ߘߩ⸘↹߇ 1989 ᐕ൘๔෸࡙߮ࡀࠬࠦߩℂᔨߣว⥌ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣߩ⹦⚦⺑

᣿ޕ

࡮㑐ଥ౒ห૕ࠍญᛚ෸߮ήᒻㆮ↥ߩ଻ሽ࡮ᝄ⥝ߦෳ↹ߐߖࠆߚ߼ߦขࠄࠇࠆភ⟎ߩ⹦⚦ޕ

࡮ญᛚ෸߮ήᒻㆮ↥ߩ዁᧪ߦࠊߚߞߡ⛽ᜬߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ⏕⹺ߔࠆ⽿છࠍ⽶߁㑐ଥ౒ห૕߿᡽ᐭ

⚵❱ߩฬ⒓

ߎߩⷙ⚂ߦၮߠ߈ޔታᣉߩߚ߼ߩࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ߇૞ᚑߐࠇޔട⋖ฦ࿖ߦ୥⵬ផ⮈ࠍ๭߮߆ߌࠆߎߣߦ ߥࠅޔ2001ᐕߩ╙1࿁ት⸒ߦߟߥ߇ߞߡ޿ߊޕ

ߐߡߎߩߣ߈ߩᣣᧄߩኻᔕߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚࠈ߁ޕᒰᤨ╩⠪ߪޔᢥൻᐡવ⛔ᢥൻ⺖ߩ⧓⢻ㇱ㐷ᢥൻ⽷⺞ᩏቭߣߒߡൕോߒߡ߅ࠅޔ࡙ࡀࠬࠦ߆ࠄߩផ⮈ଐ㗬ࠍฃߌߡታ㓙ߩ୥⵬ㆬቯㆊ⒟ߦዋߒߊ㑐 ࠊߞߚᒰ੐⠪ߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔ߆ߥࠅ࠲ࠗ࠻ߥࠬࠤࠫࡘ࡯࡞ߢ޽ߞߚߎߣࠍ⸥ᙘߒߡ޿ࠆޕ߹ߕޔ࡙ࡀࠬࠦߩ

੐ോዪ㐳߆ࠄട⋖ฦ࿖߳ߩᱜᑼߥផ⮈ଐ㗬߇޽ߞߚߩ߇2000ᐕߩ4᦬26ᣣߢ޽ࠅޔታ㓙ߦ୥⵬ߦ㑐ߔ ࠆᬌ⸛߇ᢥൻᐡౝߢᧄᩰ⊛ߦⴕࠊࠇᆎ߼ߚߩߪ6᦬㗃ޔᢥൻᐡߩේ᩺ࠍ߹ߣ߼หᐕ9᦬ߩᢥൻ⽷଻⼔ክ

⼏ળߦ⺞ᩏክ⼏ࠍଐ㗬ߒޔήᒻᢥൻ⽷ᜂᒰߩ╙4ኾ㐷⺞ᩏળ෸߮᳃ଶᢥൻ⽷ᜂᒰߩ╙5ኾ㐷⺞ᩏળߩክ

⼏ࠍ⚻ߡޔ11᦬ߩᢥൻ⽷଻⼔ክ⼏ળߢ╵↳ࠍᓧߡᱜᑼߥ୥⵬߇᳿ቯߔࠆߣ޿߁߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚޕክ⼏ળߦ ࠃࠆ╵↳⁽¹⁷⁾ߪޔޟ⢻ᭉࠍ୥⵬ߣߔࠆߎߣ߇ㆡᒰߢ޽ࠆޠޟੱᒻᵺℲⅇᢥᭉ෸߮᱌⥰પࠍᥳቯ࡝ࠬ࠻ߣߒߡ ឭ಴ߔࠆߎߣ߇ㆡᒰߢ޽ࠆޠߣ޿߁2ὐߢ޽ࠅޔߘߩㆬቯߩℂ↱ߣߒߡޔㆬ⠨ၮḰࠍ᜼ߍߚ਄ߢޔ

⢻ᭉޔੱᒻᵺℲⅇᢥᭉ෸߮᱌⥰પߪޔ޿ߕࠇ߽ᚒ߇࿖ߩ㖸ᭉ߿⟤ⴚޔᢥቇޔᱧผޔߥߤᄙ᭽ߥᢥ

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ൻ߇㐳ᐕߦࠊߚࠅ✚ว⊛ߦ㓸Ⓧߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕߎࠇࠄߪ߹ߚޔᣣᧄੱߩቄ▵ᗵ߿⥄ὼⷰޔᣣᏱ ߩ↢ᵴᔃᖱࠍ෻ᤋߒߚᚒ߇࿖ࠍઍ⴫ߔࠆવ⛔⊛⥰บ⧓⢻ߢ޽ࠅޔ࿖᳃⊛࡮࿖㓙⊛ߦ߽ᐢߊ⍮ࠄࠇߡ

޿ࠆޕ

ߎࠇࠄ3⧓⢻ߩ߁ߜޔᚑ┙ᐕઍ߇ᦨ߽ฎߊޔฎౖ⊛ᒻᑼߩᢛߞߚ⢻ᭉࠍޟவ૞ት⸒ޠ߳ߩផ⮈୥

⵬ߣߒޔੱᒻᵺℲⅇᢥᭉ෸߮᱌⥰પࠍᥳቯ࡝ࠬ࠻ߣߒߡឭ಴ߔࠆߎߣ߇ㆡᒰߢ޽ࠆޕ ߣㅀߴߡ޿ࠆޕ߹ߚ஻⠨ߦ߅޿ߡޔ

㧝 ᥳቯ࡝ࠬ࠻ࠍ฽߼ߚផ⮈୥⵬ᢙߦߟ޿ߡߪޔ዁᧪ߦ߅ߌࠆ㊀ⷐήᒻᢥൻ⽷ߩᎿ⧓ᛛⴚಽ㊁߿㊀ ⷐήᒻ᳃ଶᢥൻ⽷ಽ㊁߆ࠄߩផ⮈ߩน⢻ᕈߦ஻߃ޔ੹࿁ߪ਄⸥ਃઙࠍឭ಴ߔࠆߎߣߣߔࠆޕ 㧞㊀ⷐήᒻᢥൻ⽷ߩᎿ⧓ᛛⴚ߿㊀ⷐήᒻ᳃ଶᢥൻ⽷߆ࠄߩផ⮈ߦߟ޿ߡߪޔ⻉ᄖ࿖ߩേะ߽⷗ᭂ

߼ߟߟޔ੹ᓟᬌ⸛ࠍㅴ߼ࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆޕߥ߅ޔߘߩ႐วޔ࿾ၞࠍ⿧߃ߚᮮᢿ⊛ߥᝒ߃ᣇߩน⢻ᕈ㧔଀

߃߫ޔޟᣣᧄߩ㒻⧓ޠޟᣣᧄߩ␹ᭉޠߥߤߣᄢ᜝ࠅߒߡផ⮈ߔࠆߎߣ㧕╬ߦߟ޿ߡᢛℂߔࠆߎߣ߇೨ ឭߣߥࠆޕ

ߣㅀߴޔ୥⵬᩺ઙ߇޿ࠊࠁࠆฎౖ⧓⢻એᄖߩಽ㊁ߦኻߔࠆ዁᧪⊛ߥ㈩ᘦߦߟ޿ߡ⸒෸ߔࠆᒻߣߥߞߡ޿

ࠆޕߎࠇࠍฃߌߡޔផ⮈ᦠ㘃߇૞ᚑߐࠇޔหᐕᧃ࡙ࡀࠬࠦ੐ോዪߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

એ਄߇౏⊛ߦߚߤࠇࠆផ⮈୥⵬᳿ቯߩㆊ⒟ߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔታߪߎߎߦ⥋ࠆ߹ߢ᭽ޘߥ⼏⺰߇޽ߞߚޕ

߹ߕ╙1ߪޔߎߩவ૞ት⸒ߦ╙1࿁߆ࠄᔕ൐ߔߴ߈߆ޔߣ޿߁໧㗴ߢ޽ߞߚޕޟவ૞ት⸒ޠࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ ߪޔήᒻㆮ↥଻⼔ࠍᅑബߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅޔߘߩਥߚࠆኻ⽎ߪޔᧂߛ࿖ౝߩήᒻㆮ↥଻

⼔߇චಽߢߥ޿࿖ޘߢ޽ࠅޔᣢߦߎߩಽ㊁ߢߩ50ᐕએ਄ߩታ❣ߩ޽ࠆᣣᧄߦߣߞߡߪᣧᕆߦෳടߒߥߊ ߣ߽⦟޿ߩߢߪߥ޿߆ޔߣ޿߁ᗧ⷗ߢ޽ߞߚޕ⏕߆ߦᬌ⸛Ბ㓏ߢߪޔߤߩࠃ߁ߥ࿖߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߥ୥⵬ࠍ

಴ߒߡߊࠆ߆ᖱႎ߇ήߊޔߎߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߇࿖㓙⊛࡮࿖ౝ⊛ߦߤߩࠃ߁ߦฃߌᱛ߼ࠄࠇࠆ߆߽ోߊ੍᷹

ߢ߈ߥ޿⁁ᴫ߇޽ߞߚޕߐࠄߦޔᢥൻ⽷଻⼔ᴺߦ߅޿ߡ࿖߇ᜰቯߒߡ޿ࠆήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥ߩਛ߆ࠄޔᦝߦ

୥⵬ࠍ⛉ߞߡ࡙ࡀࠬࠦߦផ⮈ߔࠆߣߥࠆߣޔ࿖ᜰቯᢥൻ⽷ߣߒߡ╬ଔ୯ߥ߽ߩ߆ࠄㆬᛯߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄ ߥ޿ߣ޿߁࿎㔍߽ᜰ៰ߐࠇߚޕߒ߆ߒޔήᒻㆮ↥ߦ߅ߌࠆೋߩ࿖㓙⊛ߥࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦޔߎߩಽ㊁ߢߩవ ㅴ⊛ขࠅ⚵ߺࠍߒߡ߈ߚߣ⥄ઁ౒ߦ⹺߼ࠆᣣᧄ߇ෳടߒߥ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣߪ࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠅޔ߻ߒࠈⓍᭂ⊛ߦ

ෳടߒߡ⽸₂ߔࠆߩ߇ᒰὼߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ჿ߇ᄢ൓ࠍභ߼ޔ╙1࿁ߩ୥⵬ផ⮈ߣ޿߁ᵹࠇ߇᳿ቯߒߚߩߢ

޽ࠆޕ

ᰴߦ໧㗴ߣߥߞߚߩߪޔౕ૕⊛ߦߤߩಽ㊁߆ࠄផ⮈ߔࠆ߆ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ߞߚޕၮḰߦ߅ߌࠆޟߚߋ

޿ߥ޿ଔ୯ޠߣ޿߁ߎߣޔ෸߮10 ᐕ㑆ߩ଻⼔ߩⴕേ⸘↹ߩឭ಴ߣ޿߁᧦ઙࠍḩߚߔߚ߼ߦߪޔ࿖ᜰቯ ߩᢥൻ⽷߆ࠄㆬ߱ߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߪޔⴐ⋡ߩ৻⥌ߔࠆߣߎࠈߢ޽ߞߚޕߒ߆ߒޔ㊀ⷐήᒻᢥൻ⽷

߆ࠄ߆㊀ⷐήᒻ᳃ଶᢥൻ⽷߆ࠄ߆ߣ޿߁ὐߦߟ޿ߡߪޔ߆ߥࠅ⼏⺰߇޽ߞߚࠃ߁ߦᕁ߁ޕ೨ㅀߩ 1989 ᐕޟ൘๔ޠ߆ࠄߩ࡙ࡀࠬࠦߩ⒳ޘߩᢥ┨ࠍ⷗ߡ߽ࠊ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦޔ਎⇇⊛ߦߪ᳃㑆ߩવᛚ߇ήᒻㆮ↥ߩਥ ᵹߢ޽ࠅޔߎࠇߪᣣᧄߩ೙ᐲߢ޿߃߫ࠃࠅήᒻ᳃ଶᢥൻ⽷ߦㄭ޿߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆޕߒ߆ߒ200ઙ એ਄ߩ㊀ⷐήᒻ᳃ଶᢥൻ⽷ߪ㧘․ቯߩ࿾ၞߣ⚿߮ߟ޿ߡવᛚߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘ߘߩਛ߆ࠄᚒ߇࿖ࠍઍ⴫ߔࠆ

߽ߩࠍ⍴ᦼ㑆㧔ඨᐕ⒟ᐲ㧕ߢޔో࿖᳃߇⚊ᓧߔࠆᒻߢㆬ߱ߎߣߪ⃻ታ⊛ߦߪ࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠆޕ߹ߚޔ㊀ⷐή ᒻ᳃ଶᢥൻ⽷ߪ㧘㊀ⷐήᒻᢥൻ⽷ߩࠃ߁ߥ଻ᜬ⠪࡮଻ᜬ࿅૕ߩ⹺ቯ೙ᐲࠍណߞߡ߅ࠄߕ㧘ផ⮈ߦᒰߚߞ

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ߡหᗧ߇ᔅⷐߣߐࠇࠆ㑐ଥ౒ห૕ࠍ․ቯߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ㧘ߘߩવᛚ⠪࡮વᛚ࿅૕ߩ⃻⁁ࠍᡷ߼ߡ⹦⚦ߦᛠ

ីߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠅ㧘ߘߩ⺞ᩏߦ㑐ߒߡ߽⋧ᒰߩᦼ㑆߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆޕߎߩࠃ߁ߥℂ↱߆ࠄޔ߹ߕ㊀ⷐήᒻ ᢥൻ⽷߆ࠄ୥⵬ㆬቯࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ㆡᒰߢ޽ࠆߣ⚿⺰ߐࠇߚޕ

ߢߪޔ㊀ⷐήᒻᢥൻ⽷ߩ2ಽ㊁ߩ߁ߜޔવ⛔⊛Ꮏ⧓ᛛⴚ߆ࠄ߆⧓⢻߆ࠄ߆ߣ޿߁ߩ߇ᰴߩᬌ⸛⺖㗴ߣ ߥߞߚޕߎࠇߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔ㊀ⷐήᒻᢥൻ⽷ߦᜰቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆᎿ⧓ᛛⴚߪޔ⧓⢻ߣᲧセߒߡ․ቯ࿾ၞߣߩ

⚿߮ߟ߈߇ᒝߊޔ߹ߚવ⛔↥ᬺߣߩ㑐ㅪ߽ᷓߊޔ߿ߪࠅ⍴ᦼ㑆ߦផ⮈୥⵬ࠍ⛉ࠅㄟ߻ߎߣߩ࿎㔍߇੍ᗐ ߐࠇࠆߣ޿߁ὐޔ෸߮વ⛔⧓⢻ߩ႐วߪޔ࿖┙഍႐ߩሽ࿷߿․೎ഥᚑ㊄࡮વᛚ੐ᬺ࿖ᐶ⵬ഥߥߤ㧘࿖ߦ ࠃࠆᡰេ૕೙߇లታߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘੹ᓟ⻉ᄖ࿖߇ήᒻߩᢥൻ⽷଻⼔ⴕ᡽ߩలታࠍ࿑ࠆ㓙ߩࡕ࠺࡞ߣߥࠆὐ╬

߇⠨ᘦߐࠇޔ⚿ዪ⧓⢻߆ࠄߩផ⮈߇᳿ቯߒߚߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

ߐߡޔߎߩࠃ߁ߥ࿖ౝ⊛⼏⺰ࠍ⚻ߡ࡙ࡀࠬࠦߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚផ⮈୥⵬ߪޔ੐ോዪߦࠃࠆᦠ㘃ߩ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢ

ࠍ⚻ߡޔ2001ᐕ5᦬15ᣣ߆ࠄ18ᣣߦ߆ߌߡࡄ࡝ߢ㐿߆ࠇߚㆬ⠨ᆔຬળߩክ⼏ࠍ⚻ߡޔߘߩᦨ⚳ᣣ౏ᑼ ߦት⸒߇ⴕࠊࠇߚޕᒰᤨ╩⠪ߪޔᣣᧄ߆ࠄߩㆬ⠨ᆔຬߩኾ㐷⊛ഥ⸒ࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߣߒߡ⃻࿾ߦ޿ࠆᯏળࠍᓧ ߚ߇ޔߎߩ╙1࿁ߩክᩏߦ߅޿ߡߪޟญᛚ෸߮ήᒻㆮ↥ޠߩଔ୯ߘߩ߽ߩߣ޿߁ࠃࠅߪޔ␜ߐࠇߚⴕേ

⸘↹ߩㆡಾᕈ࡮⃻ታᕈ߿ޔήᒻㆮ↥ߩ▸࿐߇ౕ૕⊛߆ߤ߁߆ߥߤ߇ਥߥ್ᢿၮḰߣߥߞߚࠃ߁ߛޕ⚿ዪ

╙1࿁ߩት⸒ߢߪޔክᩏኻ⽎ߣߐࠇߚ34୥⵬⁽¹⁸⁾ߩ߁ߜޔᣣᧄߩ⢻ᭉࠍ฽߻19ઙ߇வ૞ߣߒߡት⸒ߐࠇ ߚޕ

ߎߩவ૞ት⸒ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߪޔߘߩᓟ2003ᐕߦ╙2࿁߇ޔ2005ᐕߦ╙3࿁߇ት⸒ߐࠇߚ߇ޔ2006ᐕ4

᦬ߦޟήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥଻⼔᧦⚂ޠ߇⊒ലߒߚߎߣߦࠃࠅޔ৻ᔕߘߩᓎഀࠍ⚳߃ࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚޕߒ߆ߒߎ ߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߇ήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥଻⼔ߦ߅ߌࠆ࿖㓙⊛ߥᗧ⼂ࠍ㜞߼ޔߘߩᨒ⚵ߺߠߊࠅߦ㕖Ᏹߥ⽸₂ࠍߒߚ ߎߣߪ⹏ଔߐࠇࠆޕ㐿ᆎᒰೋߪ࿖㓙⊛ߥ㑐ᔃ߽ߘࠇ߶ߤ㜞ߊߪߥ߆ߞߚ߇ޔ╙1࿁ߩት⸒એ㒠୥⵬ផ⮈

࿖ߪᕆჇߒޔ╙2࿁ߢߪ60ࡩ࿖એ਄߆ࠄߩផ⮈ߢ28ઙ߇⁽¹⁹⁾ޔ╙3࿁ߢߪ74ࡩ࿖ߩផ⮈ߢ43ઙ⁽²⁰⁾߇ት

⸒ߐࠇࠆߦ⥋ߞߚޕߎߩ࿖㓙⊛ߥ㑐ᔃߩ㜞߹ࠅ߇ޟήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥଻⼔᧦⚂ޠߩ✦⚿߅ࠃ߮ᣧᦼߩ⊒ലߦ ߟߥ߇ߞߚߣ޿߃ࠆߛࠈ߁ޕ࡙ࡀࠬࠦߪ2006ᐕ4᦬ߦߎߩவ૞ት⸒ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩᓇ㗀ߦ㑐ߔࠆኾ㐷ኅળ วࠍ㐿߈ޔฦ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆᓇ㗀ߦߟ޿ߡ⸛⼏ߒߚ⁽²¹⁾߇ޔߎߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦࠃߞߡฦ࿖ౝߩ଻⼔߇ޔᴺ೙㕙࡮

੍▚㕙࡮⚵❱㕙╬ߦ߅޿ߡଦㅴߐࠇߚߣߩႎ๔߇⋧ᰴ޿ߛޕ৻ᣇᣣᧄ࿖ౝߦ߅ߌࠆᓇ㗀ߦߟ޿ߡߪޔ╩

⠪ߪᰴߩࠃ߁ߦႎ๔⁽²²⁾ߒߚޕ

࡮ ੍ᗐએ਄ߦࡑࠬࠦࡒߦขࠅ਄ߍࠄࠇߚߎߣߦࠃࠅޔ࿖᳃․ߦ⧯޿਎ઍߦήᒻㆮ↥ߦኻߔࠆ㑐ᔃ߇ 㜞߹ࠅޔ⢻ᭉ߿ੱᒻᵺℲⅇᢥᭉߦ߅ߌࠆⷰቴߩჇടߦߟߥ߇ߞߚޕ

࡮ વᛚ⠪஥ߪޔவ૞ት⸒ߐࠇߚߎߣࠍ㕖Ᏹߦฬ⹷ߦᗵߓޔવᛚᗧ᰼߇༐⿠ߐࠇߚޕ

ߎߩࠃ߁ߦήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥଻⼔ߩ࿖㓙⊛ߥขࠅ⚵ߺߣߒߡᚑഞߒߚߣ⹏ଔߢ߈ࠆவ૞ት⸒ߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔ৻

ᣇߢߘߩ໧㗴ὐ߽ᗧ⼂ߒߡ߅ߊᔅⷐ߇޽ࠈ߁ޕ

ߥ߆ߢ߽ᦨᄢߩ໧㗴ߪޔࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓฬ⒓ߘߩ߽ߩߩޟவ૞ޠߣ޿߁᭎ᔨߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕޟੱ㘃ߩவ૞ޠߣ޿

߁⸒⪲ߪޔੱ㘃ߦߣߞߡߩ᥉ㆉ⊛ߥఝࠇߚଔ୯ࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆ߇ޔߎࠇߪߘ߽ߘ߽⋧੕ߦ╬ଔ୯ߢ޽ࠆߴ߈ ήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥ߦߘߋࠊߥ޿ߩߢߪߥ޿߆ޔߣ޿߁⇼໧ߢ޽ࠆޕߎ߁޿ߞߚଔ୯ߩఝഠߦࠃࠆㆬᛯߣ޿߁

⠨߃ᣇߪޔㆬᛯߐࠇߚ߽ߩߦߣߞߡߪવᛚ߳ߩࡊ࡜ࠬߣߥࠆ߇ޔㆬᛯߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚᄙᢙߦߣߞߡߪવᛚ

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ᗧ᰼ࠍᄬࠊߖࠆ⚿ᨐߣߥࠅ߆ߨߥ޿ෂ㒾߇޽ࠆޕ

߹ߚㆬ⠨ၮḰ߇㕖Ᏹߦ᛽⽎⊛ߢ޽ࠅޔㆬ⠨ᆔຬળߩᕭᗧ⊛ክᩏࠍ⸵ߒߚ㕙߇ήߒߣߪߒߥ޿ߣ޿߁ߎ ߣ߽ᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕߐࠄߦᛛⴚ⊛ߦߪޔฦ࿖߆ࠄߩផ⮈ࠍ2ᐕߦ1ઙߒ߆⹺߼ߥ޿ߣ޿߁ᣇᑼ߽ޔᄙ

᭽ߥήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥ࠍ଻⼔ߔߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ℂᔨ߆ࠄߒߡޔวℂ⊛ߥ⷗⋥ߒࠍ᳞߼ࠄࠇߚޕ

ߎߩࠃ߁ߥࡊ࡜ࠬߩ⹏ଔߩⓍᭂ⊛ߥ⛮ᛚߣޔ⠨߃ࠆߴ߈⺖㗴ߩ⸃᳿ߪޔ⃻࿷ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆޟήᒻᢥൻ ㆮ↥଻⼔᧦⚂ޠߩ᭽ޘߥၮḰ૞ࠅߦࠁߛߨࠄࠇߚߣ޿߃ࠆߛࠈ߁ޕ

㧞㧚 ήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥଻⼔᧦⚂ߩ⃻⁁

ήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥଻⼔᧦⚂ߪޔ2003ᐕߩ╙32࿁࡙ࡀࠬࠦ✚ળߢណᛯߐࠇޔߘߩ34᧦ߩⷙቯߦᓥߞߡޔ30 ࡩ࿖⋡ߣߥࠆ࡞࡯ࡑ࠾ࠕ߇ᛕಎߒߚ3ࡩ᦬ᓟߩ2006ᐕ4᦬20ᣣߦ⊒ലߒߚޕ

ߎߩ᧦⚂ߩណᛯߦ߅޿ߡߪޔ⾥ᚑ120ࡩ࿖ޔ෻ኻ࠯ࡠޔ᫈ᮭ8ࡩ࿖ߢ޽ߞߚ߇⁽²³⁾ޔ᧦⚂ߩ೙ቯㆊ⒟ߦ ߅޿ߡߪޔ᰷☨⻉࿖߆ࠄߩ෻ኻ߽ᄙߊ⋧ᒰߥ࿎㔍߇޽ߞߚߣ޿߁⁽²⁴⁾ޕߘߩߎߣ߆ࠄޔ⊒ല᧦ઙࠍḩߚߔ 30ࡩ࿖ߩᛕಎߦߪ⋧ᒰߩᦼ㑆߇߆߆ࠆ߆ߣᕁࠊࠇߚ߇ޔ2004ᐕ3᦬15ᣣߦࠕ࡞ࠫࠚ࡝ࠕ߇ᦨೋߦᛕಎ ߒߡ߆ࠄ2ᐕߢ⊒ലߦ⥋ࠆߣ޿߁ޔᄢᣇߩ੍ᗐࠍ⿥߃ߚㅦߐߢ᧦⚂ߩ⹺⍮߇ㅴࠎߛߣ޿߃ࠃ߁ޕ2007ᐕ 2᦬ᧃᣣ⃻࿷ߢᛕಎ࿖ߪ75ࡩ࿖ߦ਄ࠅޔߘߩ߁ߜᒰೋᛕ್⊛ߢ޽ߞߚߣવ߃ࠄࠇࠆ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄ⻉࿖ߩෳ

ട߽߆ߥࠅᄙߊߥߞߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ⁽²⁵⁾ޕ

᧦⚂⊒ലᓟߩേ߈ߣߒߡߪޔ߹ߕ╙1࿁✦⚂࿖✚ળ߇2006ᐕ6᦬27ᣣ߆ࠄ29ᣣߦࡄ࡝ߩ࡙ࡀࠬࠦᧄ ㇱߢ㐿߆ࠇޔ᧦⚂ߩ㊀ⷐߥၫⴕᯏ㑐ߣߥࠆ᡽ᐭ㑆ᆔຬળ⁽²⁶⁾ߩᆔຬ࿖ㆬ᜼߇ታᣉߐࠇޔ18ࡩ࿖߇ㆬ಴ߐࠇ ߚޕ⛯޿ߡޔᛕಎ࿖ߩჇടࠍൊ᩺ߒߡޔหᐕ11᦬9ᣣߦ⥃ᤨ✦⚂࿖✚ળ߇ࡄ࡝ߩ࡙ࡀࠬࠦᧄㇱߢ㐿߆ࠇ ߚޕߎࠇߪ8᦬30ᣣߩࠫࡦࡃࡉࠛߩᛕಎߦࠃࠅޔᛕಎ࿖߇50ࡩ࿖ࠍ⿥߃ߚߚ߼ޔ᡽ᐭ㑆ᆔຬળߩ᭴ᚑ

࿖ࠍ24ࡩ࿖ߣߔࠆߚ߼ߩㅊടㆬ᜼෸߮ޔฦ࿖ߩછᦼߩ᛽ㆬࠍታᣉߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ⁽²⁷⁾ޕߘߒߡ╙1࿁ߩ᡽ ᐭ㑆ᆔຬળ߇ޔ11᦬18ᣣޔ19ᣣߩਔᣣࠕ࡞ࠫࠚ࡝ࠕߩࠕ࡞ࠫࠚߦ߅޿ߡ㐿௅ߐࠇޔ᧦⚂ߩౕ૕⊛ߥㆇ

↪ߦ㑐ࠊࠆ⸛⼏߇㐿ᆎߐࠇߚޕ╩⠪ߪߎߩળวߦ಴Ꮸߔࠆᯏળࠍᓧߚ߇ޔታ㓙ߦߪޔ᡽ᐭ㑆ᆔຬળߩᚻ

⛯߈ⷙೣߩណᛯޔ෸߮੹ᓟߩࠬࠤࠫࡘ࡯࡞⁽²⁸⁾ߣߘࠇߦ઻߁⼏㐳࿅ߩㆬ಴ߪⴕࠊࠇߚ߽ߩߩޔౕ૕⊛ߥㆇ

↪ߦ㑐ࠊࠆએਅߩ㧟ߟߩ໧㗴ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ⥄↱⸛⼏ߦߣߤ߹ࠅޔᰴ࿁એ㒠ߦߘߩណᛯ߇ࠁߛߨࠄࠇߚޕ ╙㧝ߩ໧㗴ߪޔ᧦⚂ߩታⴕߦ㑐ࠊࠆ૞ᬺᜰ㊎㧔Operational Directives for the implementation of the

Convention㧕ߦ㑐ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕߎࠇߦ㑐ߒߡߪߚߚ߈บߣߥࠆේ᩺߇␜ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ߚ߼ޔട⋖ฦ

࿖߇2007ᐕ1᦬߹ߢߦᢥᦠߦࠃࠆᗧ⷗ࠍ੐ോዪߦឭ಴ߒޔߘࠇࠍరߦ੐ോዪේ᩺ࠍ૞ᚑߒߡޔᰴ࿁એ㒠 ߩᆔຬળߢ⸛⼏ណᛯࠍ⋡ᜰߔߎߣߣߥߞߚޕ

╙2ߪ᧦⚂ߩታⴕߦ㑐ࠊࠆഥ⸒࿅૕㧔Advisory assistance to the Intergovernmental Committee㧕ߦ㑐ߔࠆ߽

ߩߢ޽ࠆޕߎࠇߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔ੐ോዪ߆ࠄౕ૕⊛ߦޔThe International Council for Traditional MusicޔThe International Council of MuseumsޔThe International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic StudiesޔThe International Social Science Council and the International Theatre Instituteޔߩ4࿅૕߇ឭ᩺ߐࠇߚ߇ޔ޿ߕࠇ߽

᰷☨ࠍਛᔃߣߔࠆ࿖㓙ቇⴚ࿅૕ߢ޽ࠅޔฦ࿾ၞ⁛⥄ߩήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥ߦ㑐ߒߡ⊛⏕ߥഥ⸒߇಴᧪ࠆ߆ߤ߁

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߆ߦ㑐ߒߡ ᔨ߇⴫᣿ߐࠇޔᦝߦᬌ⸛ࠍട߃ࠆߎߣߣߥߞߚޕ

╙3ߪޔੱ㘃ߩήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥ઍ⴫࡝ࠬ࠻㧔Criteria for inscription on the Representative List of the Intangible

Cultural Heritage of Humanity㧕߳ߩឝタၮḰߦ㑐ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ߇ޔ੐ോዪ߆ࠄ␜ߐࠇߚේ᩺⁽²⁹⁾ߦ㑐ߒ

ߡޔ᧦⚂⊒ലߦะߌߡ࡙ࡀࠬࠦ߇⛮⛯⊛ߦታᣉߒߡ߈ߚኾ㐷ኅળวߩ⸛⼏ౝኈࠍరߣߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅޔ

᜗㓸ߐࠇߚኾ㐷ኅߪᔅߕߒ߽᧦⚂✦⚂࿖ߦ㒢ࠄߕޔ߹ߚ᧦⚂ߩၮᧄ♖␹ߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠆ࿾ၞ⊛ࡃ࡜ࡦ߽ࠬ

⠨ᘦߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ޔߣߩᛕ್߇಴ߐࠇޔ୘ޘߩ᧦㗄ߩ⸛⼏ߦߪ⥋ࠄߥ߆ߞߚޕߎࠇߦ㑐ߒߡ߽ޔฦ࿖߆ ࠄߩᢥᦠߦࠃࠆᗧ⷗ࠍరߦౣᐲ੐ോዪߦࠃࠆේ᩺߇૞ᚑߐࠇޔᰴ࿁એ㒠ߦౕ૕⊛ߦᬌ⸛ߐࠇࠆߎߣߣߥ ࠆߛࠈ߁ޕ

એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦޔήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥଻⼔᧦⚂ߪޔߘߩ᧦⚂ߘߩ߽ߩߪ⊒ലࠍߺߚ߇ޔߘࠇ߇੹ᓟߤߩࠃ߁ߦ ㆇ↪ߐࠇߡ޿ߊ߆ߩౕ૕⊛ᆫߦߟ޿ߡߪޔߎࠇ߆ࠄߩ᡽ᐭ㑆ᆔຬળߩ᳿ቯߦᓙߟߣߎࠈ߇ᄙߊޔᧂߛ᣿

ࠄ߆ߢߪߥ޿ߩ߇⃻⁁ߥߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

㧟㧚੹ᓟߩᬌ⸛⺖㗴

એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥଻⼔᧦⚂ߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔߘߩౕ૕⊛ߥㆇ↪ߦᧂ⏕ቯⷐ⚛߇ᄙ޿ߚ߼ޔ࿖㓙⊛

ߥ଻⼔ߩᨒ⚵ߺߣߒߡߩ᦭↪ᕈߩಽᨆࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߪ⃻ᤨὐߢߪ޽߹ࠅᗧ๧߇ߥ޿ޕߘࠇߦߟ޿ߡߪᰴⓂ

એ㒠ߩ࠹࡯ࡑߣߒޔᧄⓂߢߪޔ੹ᓟ᡽ᐭ㑆ᆔຬળ╬ߦ߅ߌࠆ㊀ⷐᬌ⸛⺖㗴ߦઃ߈ㅀߴࠆߦߣߤ߼ߚ޿ޕ ߎߩ᧦⚂ߩᜬߟ᭴ㅧߣߒߡ߹ߕ․ᓽ⊛ߥߎߣߪޔ2⒳㘃ߩ࡝ࠬ࠻ߩ૞ᚑ߇߁ߚࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠈ ߁ޕߔߥࠊߜ╙1ߪޟੱ㘃ߩήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥ߩઍ⴫࡝ࠬ࠻ޠ⁽³⁰⁾㧔એਅޔઍ⴫࡝ࠬ࠻㧕ߢ޽ࠅޔ╙2ߪޟ✕ ᕆߦ଻⼔ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥࡝ࠬ࠻ޠ⁽³¹⁾㧔એਅޔෂᯏ࡝ࠬ࠻㧕ߢ޽ࠆޕߘࠇߙࠇߩ࡝ࠬ࠻ߩ⋡

⊛╬ߦߟ޿ߡߪޔ᧦⚂ᧄᢥߦ৻ᔕ␜ߐࠇߡߪ޿ࠆ߇ޔ૞ᬺᜰ㊎෸߮ߘࠇߙࠇߩឝタၮḰ߇ᧂ⏕ቯߥ⃻࿷ޔ

ౕ૕⊛ߦߤߩࠃ߁ߥᯏ⢻ࠍᨐߚߔ߽ߩߦߥࠆߩ߆ߪ᣿⏕ߢߪߥ޿ޕ⃻࿷߹ߢߩ⼏⺰ߩᣇะߣߒߡߪޔઍ

⴫࡝ࠬ࠻ߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥ߪ⋧੕ߦᧄ⾰⊛ߦ╬ଔ୯ߢ޽ࠅࡅࠛ࡜࡞ࠠ࡯ߪሽ࿷ߒߥ޿ߣ޿߁᧦

⚂ᧄ᧪ߩ♖␹߆ࠄߒߡޔ᥉ㆉ⊛ߥଔ୯ࠍᜬߟήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥ߩ৻ⷩߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߠߌߢߪߥߊޔᄙ᭽ߥήᒻ ᢥൻㆮ↥ߩᒻࠍ␜ߔ଀␜⊛ߥ߽ߩߣߔߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆޔߣ޿߁ᗧ⷗߇ਥᵹߩࠃ߁ߦᕁ߃ࠆ߇ޔ߿ߪࠅ૗ࠄ߆ ߩଔ୯⊛஥㕙ࠍ෻ᤋߒߚ࡝ࠬ࠻ߣߒߚ޿⠨߃߽ޔᧂߛήߊߥߞߚࠊߌߢߪߥ޿ޕㆇ↪ߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔ᦭ᒻ ߩ਎⇇ㆮ↥࡝ࠬ࠻ߩࠃ߁ߥ⫾Ⓧဳߢߪߥߊޔᐕ㒢ࠍ㒢ߞߡઍ⴫࡝ࠬ࠻ߩߔߴߡࠍᦝᣂߔࠆޟࠨࡦ࠮࠶࠻

ࠢࡠ࡯࠭ᣇᑼޠࠍណ↪ߔࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߪ৻ᔕߩวᗧࠍ⷗ߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔ৻࿁ߩઍ⴫࡝ࠬ࠻߳ߩฦ࿖߆ࠄߩផ

⮈ઙᢙ෸߮⊒⴫ߐࠇࠆઍ⴫࡝ࠬ࠻ߩឝタઙᢙߩ਄㒢ࠍ⸳ߌࠆߴ߈߆ุ߆ߦߟ޿ߡߪޔ੹ᓟߩ⼏⺰ߩષખ ߇੍ᗐߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ৻ᣇෂᯏ࡝ࠬ࠻ߦߟ޿ߡߪޔ⃻࿷ߩߣߎࠈౕ૕⊛ᬌ⸛ߪⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ߥ޿߇ޔ᧦⚂ߩ ᨒ⚵ߺߢⴕࠊࠇࠆήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥଻⼔ߩߚ߼ߩ࿖㓙េഥߪޔߎߩෂᯏ࡝ࠬ࠻ߦឝタߐࠇߚήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥ࠍ ఝవ⊛ߦኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ⷗ㄟߺߢ޽ࠆߚ߼ޔេഥᏗᦸ࿖ࠍਛᔃߦ࿖⋉ߦ⋥⚿ߒߚ⼏⺰߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆߎߣߪ㑆㆑

޿ߥ޿ޕߎߩ᧦⚂ߩ೨Ბ㓏ߣߒߡⴕࠊࠇߚவ૞ት⸒ߦ߅޿ߡߪޔ೨ㅀߩࠃ߁ߦㆬ⠨ၮḰߣߒߡޔ᥉ㆉ⊛

ߥ㜞޿ଔ୯ࠍ᜼ߍޔหᤨߦㆬ⠨ߩ㓙⠨ᘦߔߴ߈ၮḰߣߒߡޔવᛚߩෂᯏᕈࠍ᜼ߍࠆޔߣ޿߁᭴ㅧࠍᜬߞ ߡ޿ߚޕߎߩ᧦⚂ߩ2⒳ߩ࡝ࠬ࠻ߣ޿߁᭴ㅧߪޔ⃻ታߦߪவ૞ት⸒ߩㆬ⠨ၮḰ࡮⠨ᘦၮḰࠍ⛮ᛚߒߡ↢

(13)

߹ࠇߚ߽ߩߣ޿߁ᕈᩰ߇޽ࠅޔߎߩߎߣ߇ޔઍ⴫࡝ࠬ࠻ߩᕈᩰߦ㑐ߒߡ⼏⺰߇↢ߓࠆ૛࿾ࠍᱷߒߡ޿ࠆ ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕߎߩ᧦⚂ߩߘࠇߙࠇߩ࡝ࠬ࠻ߩᧄ᧪ߩ⋡⊛ߦᔕߓߚផ⮈ᣇᑼ෸߮ၮḰ߇วℂ⊛ߦ૞ᚑߢ߈ ࠆ߆߇ޔߘߩ᦭↪ᕈࠍᏀฝߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅޔߘߩᗧ๧ߢ2007ᐕߦⴕࠊࠇࠆ᡽ᐭ㑆ᆔຬળ෸߮㑐ㅪߔࠆ ኾ㐷ኅળวߪޔ਎⇇ߦ߅ߌࠆήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥଻⼔ߩ࿖㓙⊛ขࠅ⚵ߺߩ੹ᓟࠍ᳿ቯߔࠆ㊀ⷐߥ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߣ

޿߃ࠆߛࠈ߁ޕ

߹ߚഥ⸒࿅૕ߩ໧㗴߽ޔታ㓙ߩㆇ↪ߦ߅޿ߡߪ߈ࠊ߼ߡ㊀ⷐߥ໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆޕ᧦⚂ߢߪޔᦨ㜞ᗧᕁ᳿ቯ ᯏ㑐ߣߒߡߩ✦⚂࿖✚ળޔ᭽ޘߥⷙ⚂૞ࠅ╬ታ⾰⊛ߥᮭ㒢ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ᡽ᐭ㑆ᆔຬળ߇ⷙቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔ

޿ߕࠇ߽ߘߩౕ૕⊛ߥࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߪ᡽ᐭઍ⴫ߢ޽ࠅޔᔅߕߒ߽ήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥ߦኻߔࠆኾ㐷⊛⍮⷗ࠍචಽ᦭

ߔࠆߣߪ޿߃ߥ޿ߚ߼ޔ᡽ᐭ㑆ᆔຬળߪኾ㐷⊛ⷰὐ߆ࠄߩഥ⸒࿅૕ࠍ⹺ቯߔࠆߎߣ߇಴᧪ࠆ⁽³²⁾ޔߣߒߡ

޿ࠆޕߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄవⴕߔࠆ᦭ᒻߩ਎⇇ㆮ↥ߩ႐วࠍ⷗ࠆߣޔታ㓙ߩㆇ↪ߦ߅޿ߡഥ⸒ᯏ㑐ߢ޽ࠆߴ߈

࿅૕ߩታ⾰⊛ߥ⊒⸒ജ߇ᒝߊޔ੐ታ਄ߩ᳿ቯߩዋߥ߆ࠄߑࠆㇱಽ߇ߘߎߢⴕࠊࠇߡߒ߹ߞߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ ᑷኂࠍᜰ៰ߔࠆჿ߽޽ࠆޕήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥଻⼔ߩ࿖㓙⊛ᨒ⚵ߺᒻᚑߘߩ߽ߩ߇ޔ਎⇇ㆮ↥᧦⚂ਅߩࠪࠬ࠹

ࡓߦኻߔࠆਇḩ߆ࠄㅴ߼ࠄࠇߚ㕙߽޽ࠅޔഥ⸒࿅૕ߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔ޿߆ߦߒߡ᡽ᐭ㑆ᆔຬળߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯

࡞ਅߦߣߤ߼ࠆ߆ޔߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇ᄢ߈ߥ࠹࡯ࡑߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕ߹ߚޔ᦭ᒻㆮ↥એ਄ߦ࿾ၞ࡮࿖࡮᳃ᣖߦ ࠃߞߡᄙ᭽ߥ޽ࠅᣇࠍ␜ߔήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥ߦ㑐ߒߡޔߤߩࠃ߁ߦߒߡㆡಾߥഥ⸒࿅૕ࠍ⹺ቯߔࠆ߆ߣ޿߁

⃻ታ⊛ߥ໧㗴߽ᄢ߈޿ޕߎߩ໧㗴߇߁߹ߊಣℂߢ߈ߥߌࠇ߫ޔ৻ㇱߩ࿖㓙⊛ߥቇⴚ࿅૕߇ታ⾰⊛ߥᮭ㒢 ࠍីࠅޔ᧦⚂਄ߩᱜᑼᯏ㑐߇ᒻᑼൻߒߡߒ߹߁ߣ޿߁ ᔨ߇޽ࠈ߁ޕߎࠇߦ㑐ߒߡ߽ޔ2007ᐕߪ㊀ⷐߥ ᣇะᕈࠍ␜ߔᐕߦߥࠆޕ

߅ࠊࠅߦ

એ਄ㅀߴߡ߈ߚࠃ߁ߦޔήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥଻⼔ߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿖㓙⊛ᨒ⚵ߺߪޔήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥଻⼔᧦⚂એ೨ߩ᭽ޘ ߥ⹜ߺࠍ⛮ᛚߒߟߟ߽ޔ⃻ታ⊛ߦߪ੹ታ⾰⊛ߥࠬ࠲࡯࠻࡜ࠗࡦߦ┙ߞߚߣ޿߃ࠆߛࠈ߁ޕ੹ᓟ᧦⚂ߩㆇ

↪ߦ߅޿ߡ߽ޔᤨઍ߿⁁ᴫߩᄌൻߦᔕߓߡ᭽ޘߥ⹜ⴕ㍲⺋߇㊀ߨࠄࠇᱧผࠍೞࠎߢ޿ߊߎߣߣߥࠈ߁ޕ ߒ߆ߒޔౕ૕⊛ߥᄙߊߩㇱಽ߇⊕⚕ߢ޽ࠆ⃻࿷ߎߘޔ዁᧪ߩ໧㗴ࠍಽᨆߒߡᘕ㊀ߦߘߩ⦁಴ߔࠆᣇะࠍ ቯ߼ࠆߴ߈ᤨߥߩߢߪߥ޿߆ޕ

ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ࿖㓙⊛⁁ᴫߦᲧߴޔᣣᧄߪ⁛⥄ߩήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥଻⼔ߩ೙ᐲࠍᣧᦼߦ᭴▽ߒޔ⼾ንߥ⍮⷗ࠍ

᦭ߒߡ޿ࠆޕߘߩㆊ෰ߩ⚻㛎ࠍޔ⹜ⴕ㍲⺋ߒߚㆊ⒟ࠍ฽߼ޔ₸⋥ߦឭଏߒߡ޿ߊߎߣߪޔޟήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥

଻⼔᧦⚂ޠߣ޿߁ᣂߒ޿⦁߇ᥧ␂ߦㆣㆄߔࠆෂ㒾ࠍዋߒߢ߽ዋߥߊߔࠆߎߣߦነਈߢ߈ࠆߣᕁ߁ޕ ҋҋҋ

ҋᵈᵈᵈҌᵈҌҌҌ

(1) ޟ਎⇇ㆮ↥᧦⚂ޠ╙᧦

For the purpose of this Convention, the following shall be considered as "cultural heritage":

monuments: architectural works, works of monumental sculpture and painting, elements or structures of an archaeological nature,

(14)

inscriptions, cave dwellings and combinations of features, which are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science;

groups of buildings: groups of separate or connected buildings which, because of their architecture, their homogeneity or their place in the landscape, are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science;

sites: works of man or the combined works of nature and man, and areas including archaeological sites which are of outstanding universal value from the historical, aesthetic, ethnological or anthropological point of view.(࡙ࡀࠬࠦ౏ᑼࠨࠗ࠻ޔ http://whc.unesco.org/archive/convention-en.pdf ࠃࠅ)

(2) ૒⮮⋥ሶޟ࡙ࡀࠬࠦߦ߅ߌࠆ̌ήᒻߩᢥൻ⽷̍଻ሽߦߟ޿ߡߩขࠅ⚵ߺޠ ฌᦠ㨇ᢥൻ⽷଻⼔೙ᐲߩ⎇ⓥ㨉ޡ̌ή ᒻߩᢥൻ⽷̍ߩ଻⼔ߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿖㓙Ყセޢ㧔ᣣᧄ࡮ࠕࠫࠕ࡮࡙ࡀࠬࠦ✬㧕㧔╙12࿁࿖㓙ᢥൻ⽷଻ሽୃᓳ⎇ⓥળႎ๔ᦠ ᧲ ੩ᢥൻ⽷⎇ⓥᚲ 2003.03㧕 pp.74

(3) ฌᦠ㨇ᢥൻ⽷଻⼔೙ᐲߩ⎇ⓥ㨉ޡ̌ήᒻߩᢥൻ⽷̍ߩ଻⼔ߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿖㓙Ყセޢ㧔ᣣᧄ࡮ࠕࠫࠕ࡮࡙ࡀࠬࠦ✬㧕㧔╙12

࿁࿖㓙ᢥൻ⽷଻ሽୃᓳ⎇ⓥળႎ๔ᦠ᧲੩ᢥൻ⽷⎇ⓥᚲ 2003.03㧕 pp82ߩޟ⾗ᢱ㧝࡙ࡀࠬࠦߦ߅ߌࠆήᒻߩᢥൻ⽷

଻ሽߦ㑐ߔࠆขࠅ⚵ߺߩᱧผޠෳᾖޕ ᧲੩ᢥൻ⽷⎇ⓥᚲ 2003.03

(4) ૒⮮⋥ሶޟ࡙ࡀࠬࠦߦ߅ߌࠆ”ήᒻߩᢥൻ⽷̌଻ሽߦߟ޿ߡߩขࠅ⚵ߺޠ ฌᦠ㨇ᢥൻ⽷଻⼔೙ᐲߩ⎇ⓥ㨉ޡ̌ή ᒻߩᢥൻ⽷̍ߩ଻⼔ߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿖㓙Ყセޢ㧔ᣣᧄ࡮ࠕࠫࠕ࡮࡙ࡀࠬࠦ✬㧕㧔╙12࿁࿖㓙ᢥൻ⽷଻ሽୃᓳ⎇ⓥળႎ๔ᦠ ᧲ ੩ᢥൻ⽷⎇ⓥᚲ 2003.03㧕 pp.75ෳᾖޕ

(5) ේᢥߢߪޔ̌Recommendation on the Safeguarding of Traditional Culture and Folklore̍ޕએਅᣣᧄ⺆ߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔၮᧄ⊛ߦ ᢥㇱ⑼ቇ⋭ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫౝߩޟ࡙ࡀࠬࠦ✚ળߢណᛯߐࠇߚ൘๔৻ⷩޠ㧔http://www.mext.go.jp/unesco/009/004.htm㧕ߦࠃ ࠆޕߥ߅ේᢥ㧔⧷⺆㧕ߦ㑐ߒߡߪhttp://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0008/000846/084696e.pdf#page=242ෳᾖޕ

(6) ේᢥߢߪޔ̌conservation̍

(7) ේᢥߢߪޔ̌preservation of folklore̍

(8) ේᢥߢߪޔ̌dissemination of folklore̍

(9) ේᢥߢߪޔ̌protection of folklore̍ޕ൘๔ో૕ߩฬ⒓ߢߪޔ̌safeguarding̍ࠍ૶↪ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣߦ⇐ᗧޕ

(10) ൘๔એ೨߆ࠄߩേ߈ߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔ೨ឝߩ૒⮮⋥ሶߩႎ๔ߦ⹦ߒ޿ޕ

(11) ૒⮮⋥ሶޟ࡙ࡀࠬࠦߦ߅ߌࠆ”ήᒻߩᢥൻ⽷̌଻ሽߦߟ޿ߡߩขࠅ⚵ߺޠ ฌᦠ㨇ᢥൻ⽷଻⼔೙ᐲߩ⎇ⓥ㨉ޡ̌ήᒻ ߩᢥൻ⽷̍ߩ଻⼔ߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿖㓙Ყセޢ㧔ᣣᧄ࡮ࠕࠫࠕ࡮࡙ࡀࠬࠦ✬㧕㧔╙12࿁࿖㓙ᢥൻ⽷଻ሽୃᓳ⎇ⓥળႎ๔ᦠ ᧲ ੩ᢥൻ⽷⎇ⓥᚲ 2003.03㧕 pp.77ෳᾖޕ

(12) 5.5.5 Establishment of a system of ‘living cultural properties’ (living human treasures) at UNESCO (142 EX/18 and 142 EX/48)

The Executive Board,

1. Recalling that the General Conference adopted a Declaration of the Principles of International Cultural Co-operation at its fourteenth session, on 4 November 1966, and a Recommendation on the Safeguarding of Traditional Cultures and Folklore at its twenty-fifth session, in November 1989, in which it urged Member States to adopt various ways and means of preserving folklore in their respective countries,

2. Being mindful that the preservation of folklore is essential to the enrichment of the cultural heritage of humankind and the protection of cultural identities,

3. Convinced that Member States can better promote mutual understanding of each other’s way of life and create a culture of peace through international cultural exchanges and co-operation, 4. Invites Member States to establish where appropriate a system of living cultural properties’ (living human treasures) in their respective countries, and to submit the list of ‘living cultural properties’

to the UNESCO Secretariat;

5. Invites the Secretariat to compile a list of the ‘living cultural properties’ (living human treasures) submitted by Member States and to

(15)

make it available to Member States at their request;

6. Expresses the hope that if the national list proves successful UNESCO could, as a next step, institute a world list of ‘living cultural properties’ (living human treasures).(࡙ࡀࠬࠦ౏ᑼࠨࠗ࠻ http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0009/000958/095807e.pdfࠃࠅ)

(13) ⃻ⴕߩࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߦߟ޿ߡߪޔ࡙ࡀࠬࠦ౏ᑼࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ

http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/file_download.php/1422690320114549c199903cf8ba93f9Guidelines_lht.pdfෳᾖޕߚߛߒޔ ߎߎߦឝߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߪ⃻࿷ߩࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߢ޽ࠅޔޟήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥଻⼔᧦⚂ޠ✦⚿ࠍฃߌߡޔ1996ᐕᤨὐ߆ࠄᡷ

⸓߇ട߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ

(14) ਄⸥⃻ⴕࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦᧃෳᾖޕ

(15)૒⮮⋥ሶޟ࡙ࡀࠬࠦߦ߅ߌࠆ̌ήᒻߩᢥൻ⽷̍଻ሽߦߟ޿ߡߩขࠅ⚵ߺޠ ฌᦠ㨇ᢥൻ⽷଻⼔೙ᐲߩ⎇ⓥ㨉ޡ̌ή ᒻߩᢥൻ⽷̍ߩ଻⼔ߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿖㓙Ყセޢ㧔ᣣᧄ࡮ࠕࠫࠕ࡮࡙ࡀࠬࠦ✬㧕㧔╙12࿁࿖㓙ᢥൻ⽷଻ሽୃᓳ⎇ⓥળႎ๔ᦠ ᧲ ੩ᢥൻ⽷⎇ⓥᚲ 2003.03㧕 pp.78ෳᾖޕ

(16) ࡙ࡀࠬࠦ౏ᑼࠨࠗ࠻ http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001142/114238e.pdfෳᾖޕ

(17) ᢎ⢒ᖱႎ࠽࡚ࠪ࠽࡞࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ࠨࠗ࠻ http://www.nicer.go.jp/lom/data/contents/bgj/2000111701004.pdfෳᾖ

(18) ╙1࿁ት⸒ߦ㑐ߒߡ࡙ࡀࠬࠦߩࠨࠗ࠻ߪߘߩ୥⵬ᢙࠍ᣿␜ߒߡ޿ߥ޿ߚ߼ޔߎߩᢙሼߪ╩⠪ߩࡔࡕߦࠃࠆޕ

(19) ࡙ࡀࠬࠦ౏ᑼࠨࠗ࠻

http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=4304&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.htmlෳᾖޕ

(20) ࡙ࡀࠬࠦ౏ᑼࠨࠗ࠻ http://www.unesco.org/culture/intangible-heritage/pdf/Kit_press_EN.pdfෳᾖޕ

(21)ߎߩળวߦ㑐ߔࠆ౏ᑼ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߪᧂߛ౏⴫ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ޕ╩⠪ߪ᜗ᓙኾ㐷ኅߣߒߡෳടߒߡ޿ߚߚ߼ޔ⸛⼏ౝኈ ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ⥄りߩࡔࡕߦࠃࠆޕ

(22) ේᢥ⧷⺆ޕ

The proclamation program received broad news coverage in Japan. Major newspapers and television stations reported not only the results of the first and second proclamations, but also the recommendations of the candidates leading up to the Proclamation.

As a result, awareness of intangible heritage among the public in general and among young people was raised. This led to increased attendance at the Nôgaku Theatre and the Ningyo Johruri Bunraku Puppet Theatre.

In addition, there was significant influence on the successors of the intangible heritage. Comments such as the following were made by numerous successors.

“It is great honour for the intangible heritage which we have inherited to be proclaimed as a Masterpiece of Humanity by UNESCO. We are pleased that the value of the intangible heritage which we have inherited is recognized by the world. At the same time, we will continue our endeavours to ensure the transmission of this heritage.”

(23) ૒⮮࿡㓶ޟ࡙ࡀࠬࠦߩήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥଻⼔᧦⚂ណᛯߦ㑐ࠊߞߡޠ㧔ACCU࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬ╙342ภ 2004ᐕ1᦬ 㧔⽷㧕

࡙ࡀࠬࠦࠕࠫࠕᢥൻ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧕

(24) ᴡ㊁ବⴕޟήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥᧦⚂ߩᕁᗐߣ᭴ㅧ֣֣਎⇇ㆮ↥᧦⚂ޔᣣᧄᴺߣߩᲧセߦ߅޿ߡ֣֣ޠ ޡᐔᚑ15ᐕᐲᴒ

✽࿖㓙ࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓႎ๔ᦠ ᴒ✽ߩ߁ߚ߈ߣࠕࠫࠕߩ⡛ߥࠆⓨ㑆㧦ᢥൻㆮ↥ࠍᵴ߆ߒߚ߹ߜߠߊࠅࠍ⠨߃ࠆޢ㧔2004ᐕ 11᦬ ⁛┙ⴕ᡽ᴺੱ࿖㓙੤ᵹၮ㊄㧕

૒⮮࿡㓶ޟ࡙ࡀࠬࠦߩήᒻᢥൻㆮ↥଻⼔᧦⚂ណᛯߦ㑐ࠊߞߡޠ㧔ACCU࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬ╙342ภ 2004ᐕ1᦬ 㧔⽷㧕࡙

ࡀࠬࠦࠕࠫࠕᢥൻ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧕

(25) ࡙ࡀࠬࠦ౏ᑼࠨࠗ࠻ http://portal.unesco.org/la/convention.asp?language=E&KO=17116ෳᾖޕ

(26) Article 5 Article 6

(27) ⃻࿷ߩᆔຬળ࿖᭴ᚑ෸߮છᦼߦߟ޿ߡߪޔ

࡙ࡀࠬࠦ౏ᑼࠨࠗ࠻ http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?pg=00028ෳᾖޕ

(28) 2007ᐕߪޔ5᦬ߦ⥃ᤨ᡽ᐭ㑆ᆔຬળ߇ޔ9᦬ߦ╙2࿁᡽ᐭ㑆ᆔຬળ߇ޔߘࠇߙࠇਛ࿖ߣᣣᧄߢ㐿௅ߐࠇࠆޕ

(29) ࡙ࡀࠬࠦ౏ᑼࠨࠗ࠻ http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/doc/src/00027-EN-WORD.docෳᾖޕ

(30) Article 16

(31) Article 17

(32) Article 9

(16)

㧔ෳ⠨⾗ᢱ㧕

CONVENTION FOR THE SAFEGUARDING OF THE INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE (೨ᢥ⇛)

I. General provisions

Article 1 – Purposes of the Convention The purposes of this Convention are:

(a) to safeguard the intangible cultural heritage;

(b) to ensure respect for the intangible cultural heritage of the communities, groups and individuals concerned;

(c) to raise awareness at the local, national and international levels of the importance of the intangible cultural heritage, and of ensuring mutual appreciation thereof;

(d) to provide for international cooperation and assistance.

Article 2 – Definitions

For the purposes of this Convention,

1. The “intangible cultural heritage” means the practices, representations, expressions, knowledge, skills – as well as the instruments, objects, artefacts and cultural spaces associated therewith – that communities, groups and, in some cases, individuals recognize as part of their cultural heritage. This intangible cultural heritage, transmitted from generation to generation, is constantly recreated by communities and groups in response to their environment, their interaction with nature and their history, and provides them with a sense of identity and continuity, thus promoting respect for cultural diversity and human creativity. For the purposes of this Convention, consideration will be given solely to such intangible cultural heritage as is compatible with existing international human rights instruments, as well as with the requirements of mutual respect among communities, groups and individuals, and of sustainable development.

2. The “intangible cultural heritage”, as defined in paragraph 1 above, is manifested inter alia in the following domains:

(a) oral traditions and expressions, including language as a vehicle of the intangible cultural heritage;

(b) performing arts;

(c) social practices, rituals and festive events;

(d) knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe;

(e) traditional craftsmanship.

3. “Safeguarding” means measures aimed at ensuring the viability of the intangible cultural heritage, including the identification, documentation, research, preservation, protection, promotion, enhancement, transmission, particularly through formal and nonformal education, as well as the revitalization of the various aspects of such heritage.

4. “States Parties” means States which are bound by this Convention and among which this Convention is in force.

5. This Convention applies mutatis mutandis to the territories referred to in Article 33 which become Parties to this Convention in accordance with the conditions set out in that Article. To that extent the expression “States Parties”

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also refers to such territories.

Article 3 – Relationship to other international instruments Nothing in this Convention may be interpreted as:

(a) altering the status or diminishing the level of protection under the 1972 Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage of World Heritage properties with which an item of the intangible cultural heritage is directly associated; or

(b) affecting the rights and obligations of States Parties deriving from any international instrument relating to intellectual property rights or to the use of biological and ecological resources to which they are parties.

II. Organs of the Convention

Article 4 – General Assembly of the States Parties

1. A General Assembly of the States Parties is hereby established, hereinafter referred to as “the General Assembly”.

The General Assembly is the sovereign body of this Convention.

2. The General Assembly shall meet in ordinary session every two years. It may meet in extraordinary session if it so decides or at the request either of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage or of at least one-third of the States Parties.

3. The General Assembly shall adopt its own Rules of Procedure.

Article 5 – Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage

1. An Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, hereinafter referred to as “the Committee”, is hereby established within UNESCO. It shall be composed of representatives of 18 States Parties, elected by the States Parties meeting in General Assembly, once this Convention enters into force in accordance with Article 34.

2. The number of States Members of the Committee shall be increased to 24 once the number of the States Parties to the Convention reaches 50.

Article 6 – Election and terms of office of States Members of the Committee

1. The election of States Members of the Committee shall obey the principles of equitable geographical representation and rotation.

2. States Members of the Committee shall be elected for a term of four years by States Parties to the Convention meeting in General Assembly.

3. However, the term of office of half of the States Members of the Committee elected at the first election is limited to two years. These States shall be chosen by lot at the first election.

4. Every two years, the General Assembly shall renew half of the States Members of the Committee.

5. It shall also elect as many States Members of the Committee as required to fill vacancies.

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6. A State Member of the Committee may not be elected for two consecutive terms.

7. States Members of the Committee shall choose as their representatives persons who are qualified in the various fields of the intangible cultural heritage.

Article 7 – Functions of the Committee

Without prejudice to other prerogatives granted to it by this Convention, the functions of the Committee shall be to:

(a) promote the objectives of the Convention, and to encourage and monitor the implementation thereof;

(b) provide guidance on best practices and make recommendations on measures for the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage;

(c) prepare and submit to the General Assembly for approval a draft plan for the use of the resources of the Fund, in accordance with Article 25;

(d) seek means of increasing its resources, and to take the necessary measures to this end, in accordance with Article 25;

(e) prepare and submit to the General Assembly for approval operational directives for the implementation of this Convention;

(f) examine, in accordance with Article 29, the reports submitted by States Parties, and to summarize them for the General Assembly;

(g) examine requests submitted by States Parties, and to decide thereon, in accordance with objective selection criteria to be established by the Committee and approved by the General Assembly for:

(i) inscription on the lists and proposals mentioned under Articles 16, 17 and 18;

(ii) the granting of international assistance in accordance with Article 22.

Article 8 – Working methods of the Committee

1. The Committee shall be answerable to the General Assembly. It shall report to it on all its activities and decisions.

2. The Committee shall adopt its own Rules of Procedure by a two-thirds majority of its Members.

3. The Committee may establish, on a temporary basis, whatever ad hoc consultative bodies it deems necessary to carry out its task.

4. The Committee may invite to its meetings any public or private bodies, as well as private persons, with recognized competence in the various fields of the intangible cultural heritage, in order to consult them on specific matters.

Article 9 – Accreditation of advisory organizations

1. The Committee shall propose to the General Assembly the accreditation of nongovernmental organizations with recognized competence in the field of the intangible cultural heritage to act in an advisory capacity to the Committee.

2. The Committee shall also propose to the General Assembly the criteria for and modalities of such accreditation.

Article 10 – The Secretariat

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1. The Committee shall be assisted by the UNESCO Secretariat.

2. The Secretariat shall prepare the documentation of the General Assembly and of the Committee, as well as the draft agenda of their meetings, and shall ensure the implementation of their decisions.

III. Safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage at the national level Article 11 – Role of States Parties

Each State Party shall:

(a) take the necessary measures to ensure the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage present in its territory;

(b) among the safeguarding measures referred to in Article 2, paragraph 3, identify and define the various elements of the intangible cultural heritage present in its territory, with the participation of communities, groups and relevant nongovernmental organizations.

Article 12 – Inventories

1. To ensure identification with a view to safeguarding, each State Party shall draw up, in a manner geared to its own situation, one or more inventories of the intangible cultural heritage present in its territory. These inventories shall be regularly updated.

2. When each State Party periodically submits its report to the Committee, in accordance with Article 29, it shall provide relevant information on such inventories.

Article 13 – Other measures for safeguarding

To ensure the safeguarding, development and promotion of the intangible cultural heritage present in its territory, each State Party shall endeavour to:

(a) adopt a general policy aimed at promoting the function of the intangible cultural heritage in society, and at integrating the safeguarding of such heritage into planning programmes;

(b) designate or establish one or more competent bodies for the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage present in its territory;

(c) foster scientific, technical and artistic studies, as well as research methodologies, with a view to effective safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage, in particular the intangible cultural heritage in danger;

(d) adopt appropriate legal, technical, administrative and financial measures aimed at:

(i) fostering the creation or strengthening of institutions for training in the management of the intangible cultural heritage and the transmission of such heritage through forums and spaces intended for the performance or expression thereof;

(ii) ensuring access to the intangible cultural heritage while respecting customary practices governing access to specific aspects of such heritage;

(iii) establishing documentation institutions for the intangible cultural heritage and facilitating access to them.

(20)

Article 14 – Education, awareness-raising and capacity-building Each State Party shall endeavour, by all appropriate means, to:

(a) ensure recognition of, respect for, and enhancement of the intangible cultural heritage in society, in particular through:

(i) educational, awareness-raising and information programmes, aimed at the general public, in particular young people;

(ii) specific educational and training programmes within the communities and groups concerned;

(iii) capacity-building activities for the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage, in particular management and scientific research; and

(iv) non-formal means of transmitting knowledge;

(b) keep the public informed of the dangers threatening such heritage, and of the activities carried out in pursuance of this Convention;

(c) promote education for the protection of natural spaces and places of memory whose existence is necessary for expressing the intangible cultural heritage.

Article 15 – Participation of communities, groups and individuals

Within the framework of its safeguarding activities of the intangible cultural heritage, each State Party shall endeavour to ensure the widest possible participation of communities, groups and, where appropriate, individuals that create, maintain and transmit such heritage, and to involve them actively in its management.

IV. Safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage at the international level Article 16 – Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity

1. In order to ensure better visibility of the intangible cultural heritage and awareness of its significance, and to encourage dialogue which respects cultural diversity, the Committee, upon the proposal of the States Parties concerned, shall establish, keep up to date and publish a Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

2. The Committee shall draw up and submit to the General Assembly for approval the criteria for the establishment, updating and publication of this Representative List.

Article 17 – List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding

1. With a view to taking appropriate safeguarding measures, the Committee shall establish, keep up to date and publish a List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding, and shall inscribe such heritage on the List at the request of the State Party concerned.

2. The Committee shall draw up and submit to the General Assembly for approval the criteria for the establishment, updating and publication of this List.

3. In cases of extreme urgency – the objective criteria of which shall be approved by the General Assembly upon the

(21)

proposal of the Committee – the Committee may inscribe an item of the heritage concerned on the List mentioned in paragraph 1, in consultation with the State Party concerned.

Article 18 – Programmes, projects and activities for the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage

1. On the basis of proposals submitted by States Parties, and in accordance with criteria to be defined by the Committee and approved by the General Assembly, the Committee shall periodically select and promote national, subregional and regional programmes, projects and activities for the safeguarding of the heritage which it considers best reflect the principles and objectives of this Convention, taking into account the special needs of developing countries.

2. To this end, it shall receive, examine and approve requests for international assistance from States Parties for the preparation of such proposals.

3. The Committee shall accompany the implementation of such projects, programmes and activities by disseminating best practices using means to be determined by it.

V. International cooperation and assistance

Article 19 – Cooperation

1. For the purposes of this Convention, international cooperation includes, inter alia, the exchange of information and experience, joint initiatives, and the establishment of a mechanism of assistance to States Parties in their efforts to safeguard the intangible cultural heritage.

2. Without prejudice to the provisions of their national legislation and customary law and practices, the States Parties recognize that the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage is of general interest to humanity, and to that end undertake to cooperate at the bilateral, subregional, regional and international levels.

Article 20 – Purposes of international assistance

International assistance may be granted for the following purposes:

(a) the safeguarding of the heritage inscribed on the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding;

(b) the preparation of inventories in the sense of Articles 11 and 12;

(c) support for programmes, projects and activities carried out at the national, subregional and regional levels aimed at the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage;

(d) any other purpose the Committee may deem necessary.

Article 21 – Forms of international assistance

The assistance granted by the Committee to a State Party shall be governed by the operational directives foreseen in Article 7 and by the agreement referred to in Article 24, and may take the following forms:

(a) studies concerning various aspects of safeguarding;

(22)

(b) the provision of experts and practitioners;

(c) the training of all necessary staff;

(d) the elaboration of standard-setting and other measures;

(e) the creation and operation of infrastructures;

(f) the supply of equipment and know-how;

(g) other forms of financial and technical assistance, including, where appropriate, the granting of low-interest loans and donations.

Article 22 – Conditions governing international assistance

1. The Committee shall establish the procedure for examining requests for international assistance, and shall specify what information shall be included in the requests, such as the measures envisaged and the interventions required, together with an assessment of their cost.

2. In emergencies, requests for assistance shall be examined by the Committee as a matter of priority.

3. In order to reach a decision, the Committee shall undertake such studies and consultations as it deems necessary.

Article 23 – Requests for international assistance

1. Each State Party may submit to the Committee a request for international assistance for the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage present in its territory.

2. Such a request may also be jointly submitted by two or more States Parties.

3. The request shall include the information stipulated in Article 22, paragraph 1, together with the necessary documentation.

Article 24 – Role of beneficiary States Parties

1. In conformity with the provisions of this Convention, the international assistance granted shall be regulated by means of an agreement between the beneficiary State Party and the Committee.

2. As a general rule, the beneficiary State Party shall, within the limits of its resources, share the cost of the safeguarding measures for which international assistance is provided.

3. The beneficiary State Party shall submit to the Committee a report on the use made of the assistance provided for the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage.

VI. Intangible Cultural Heritage Fund Article 25 – Nature and resources of the Fund

1. A “Fund for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage”, hereinafter referred to as “the Fund”, is hereby established.

2. The Fund shall consist of funds-in-trust established in accordance with the Financial Regulations of UNESCO.

3. The resources of the Fund shall consist of:

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(a) contributions made by States Parties;

(b) funds appropriated for this purpose by the General Conference of UNESCO;

(c) contributions, gifts or bequests which may be made by:

(i) other States;

(ii) organizations and programmes of the United Nations system, particularly the United Nations Development Programme, as well as other international organizations;

(iii) public or private bodies or individuals;

(d) any interest due on the resources of the Fund;

(e) funds raised through collections, and receipts from events organized for the benefit of the Fund;

(f) any other resources authorized by the Fund’s regulations, to be drawn up by the Committee.

4. The use of resources by the Committee shall be decided on the basis of guidelines laid down by the General Assembly.

5. The Committee may accept contributions and other forms of assistance for general and specific purposes relating to specific projects, provided that those projects have been approved by the Committee.

6. No political, economic or other conditions which are incompatible with the objectives of this Convention may be attached to contributions made to the Fund.

Article 26 – Contributions of States Parties to the Fund

1. Without prejudice to any supplementary voluntary contribution, the States Parties to this Convention undertake to pay into the Fund, at least every two years, a contribution, the amount of which, in the form of a uniform percentage applicable to all States, shall be determined by the General Assembly. This decision of the General Assembly shall be taken by a majority of the States Parties present and voting which have not made the declaration referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article. In no case shall the contribution of the State Party exceed 1% of its contribution to the regular budget of UNESCO.

2. However, each State referred to in Article 32 or in Article 33 of this Convention may declare, at the time of the deposit of its instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, that it shall not be bound by the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article.

3. A State Party to this Convention which has made the declaration referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article shall endeavour to withdraw the said declaration by notifying the Director-General of UNESCO. However, the withdrawal of the declaration shall not take effect in regard to the contribution due by the State until the date on which the subsequent session of the General Assembly opens.

4. In order to enable the Committee to plan its operations effectively, the contributions of States Parties to this Convention which have made the declaration referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article shall be paid on a regular basis, at least every two years, and should be as close as possible to the contributions they would have owed if they had been bound by the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article.

5. Any State Party to this Convention which is in arrears with the payment of its compulsory or voluntary

無形文化遺産保護における国際的枠組みの形成