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要 旨 運動経験の違いによる脳の可塑性の検討

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要 旨

運動経験の違いによる脳の可塑性の検討

若松愼太朗

ヒトの脳には神経細胞の細胞体が多く集まる灰白質と,神経線維が集積し走行している白 質が存在する.灰白質の割合は加齢などで減少することはよく知られているが,普段から日 常的に運動をすることで,灰白質の割合が増えたという報告もある [1].このことから,運 動と灰白質の増加には相関があることが示唆される.しかし,現在の運動経験だけでなく,

過去の運動経験の違いによっても灰白質に差がある可能性がある.過去の運動経験も含めた 運動経験によって,灰白質の容積が増加するならば,老化による容積減少を抑えられること が考えられる.運動経験と灰白質の増加に相関があった場合,幼いころからの運動が,将来 的に灰白質の容積減少を抑えることが可能になる.本研究では現在から過去にかけての運動 経験を中心に被験者を分別し,灰白質と運動の関係を調べた.被験者は高知工科大学に所属 する健常な大学生34(男性28名,女性6名,平均年齢21.6)である.実験ではMRI 装置を使い,構造画像を撮像した.その後,生活習慣や過去の運動経験,現在の運動習慣など をアンケート形式で答えてもらった.その後,得られた脳の構造画像とアンケート結果をも とに相関解析を行った.解析の結果,一次体性感覚野と高校時代の運動経験および学生時代 の平均運動経験との間に有意な相関が認められた.また,上頭頂小葉と側頭極で大学時代の 運動経験との間に有意な相関が認められた.これらの結果から,高校時代の運動経験が,一 次体性感覚野に影響を与えることが考えられた.さらに,学生時代の平均運動経験にも,同 じ部位の相関があるため,運動経験が豊富な被験者は一次体性感覚野の増加が多いことが考 えられた.また,上頭頂小葉は体性感覚の統合を行い,側頭極では感情や心の理論など社会 的・情動的な機能を持つといわれている.このことから大学時代の運動経験は高次の領域に 影響することが示唆された.

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キーワード MRI,運動経験,灰白質

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Abstract

Study of the plasticity of the brain on different excercise experience

Human brain has gray matter that is consisted by neuronal cell bodies and white matter that is consisted by myelinated axons. Although it is well known that gray mat- ter decreases with aging, previous study reported that gray matter increased with daily exercise[1]. Therefore, this suggests that there is a relationship between exercise expe- rience and increment of gray matter. There is a possibility that gray matter changes by not only current exercise but also past exercise. If gray matter increased by the exercise experience including the past experience, I think that decrement of gray matter with aging may be suppressed by exercise. In the case that there is a relationship between increment of gray matter and exercise experience, exercise from childhood may be able to suppress the decrement of gray matter with aging. In this study, I classified subjects by exercise experience and investigated the relationship between gray matter and ex- ercise experience. Thirty four subjects participated in this study (male: 28, female: 6, mean age: 21.6). I obtained structural images by using MRI, and questionnaires with respect to life style and exercise experience. I conducted correlation analysis between structural image and questionnaire. The result showed that there is a significant corre- lation between the primary somatosensory and exercise at high school and at averaged exercise experience. Moreover, exercise at university showed a significant correlation between the superior parietal lobe and the temporal pole. These results suggest that

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exercise at high school affects the primary somatosensory. The primary somatosensory increased by the exercise experience because averaged exercise experience also showed a significant correlation with this area. The results of exercise at university showed the significant difference at the superior parietal lobe, which involved in the integration of multi-modal, and at the temporal pole, which involved in the social function such as theory of mind. These results suggest that exercise at university affects the higher brain areas.

key words MRIexercise experiencegray matter

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