動詞が前置詞と組み合わせると特別な意味 を表わしこれが日常会話で微妙な気持ちを 表すのに巧みに用いられる。これをマスタ ーすることがヒアリングでも重要となる。 そこで、その様なものをここに集めてみた。
A
ask outOne day, I asked her out. She said yes. さそった
aware of
I hope you are aware of what you have done to us.
B
back out 引き下がる bat around
Well, I've been batting around the idea of going into business, but I haven't decided yet.
be in
その誘いに乗った。 I’m in
believe in
What really counts is to believe in yourself.
本当に大切なことは自分を信じること be off
So you’re really off now. 君は行っちゃうんだね be up to
向かっている、やっている、やろうとして いる
What are you up to?
「どうしている」「なにしてる」 believe in Believe in yourself 自分を信じて bite into ガブリとやる blow ・・・out ・・・を吹き消す blow up
We blew up fifty balloons for the children’s party.
風船を50 個ふくらました。 be booked up
予約でいっぱい break away
He broke away from his party. 政党を離党した
You should break away from the gangs. break down
故障する
My car broke down. The computer broke down.
break in 慣れる
It takes a complete of days to break in your new shoes.
break off
He broke off all the contact from her. 連絡を絶つ
break out 脱出した
(火事や戦争などが)起こる、勃発する Riots broke out in Lhasa, the capital of Tibet.
チベットの首都ラサで、暴動が起きた。 A new type of fleu might break out. 発生するかも
break up 解放する
break up with him 彼と別れる
break up for the summer holiday 夏休みにはいる Break it up! やめて bring on 病気を引き起こす 紹介する 能力をのばす
The cold weather bought you on a cold. bring out
取り出す、運び出す 出版する
才能を伸ばす、引き出す
The color brings out your eyes.
打ち解けさせる、はにかみ屋を喋らせる
brush off
I brushed of his foreleg. 払いのける bump into …に出くわす ★ Bump! は、何かにぶつかったときの擬 声音。 いまにもぶつかるような勢いで、ばったり 出くわすというニュアンスです。
You never know when you might bump into the love your life.
burst into burst into tears ワッと泣きだす burst into laughter 大笑いする
burst out・・・ 突然・・・し始める what ‘s up
Hi, Maria. What’s up?
Hey, you guys. What are you up to? やあみんな。なにやっているの
C
call for 必要とする
Help each other when the time calls for it. 必要な時に助け合いなさい
call her up
calm down
心を落ち着ける、興奮をさます care about
大切にする
We care about ourselves. care for
have a preference
or taking for something いつくしむ、大切に思う carried away
夢中になって、我を忘れて
★「流される」、「もっていかれる」という イメージをもったフレーズ。
get carried away のほか、be carried away の形でもよく使います。
Cool down. Don't get carried away by false promises. ほら、頭を冷やして。甘い話に乗ってだま されちゃだめよ。 carry out 実行する check on …の様子を確かめる
Dread came closer to check on the pup. Then, he quietly lay down and closed his eyes. ドレッドは、近寄って子犬のようすを確か めました。それから、静かに横になって目 を閉じました。 check out 図書を借り出す check this out これを調べて come about
How did the accident come about?
どうして事件はおきたの? How did the fight come about? 喧嘩の原因は?
come along
Would you like to come along? 一緒にいかない
How is the project coming along? 順調に進んでる?
come back 帰ってくる come by
I’ll come by your place later. あとで君の所へ立ち寄るよ come down
It’s time to come down to earth. come for
Could it be that Shota was coming for him?
翔太がチャロを迎えに来るということなん でしょうか?
come in
It comes in different shapes.
(お店で店員さんがお客に品物をせつめい しながら)いろいろ違う形で売られている come off
The top button came off. ボタンがとれる
come on ほらほら come out
The book is coming out. Aime has come out. エイミーさまのお出ましだ come over
こちらへやってくる
She asked me to come over to her place. 彼女は僕を自分のところへ招待した
How would you like to come over my place tomorrow. …にやって来る ★この文脈では、何かが(文字通り自分の 上に)降ってくるというイメージですが、 over には「向こうからこちらへ」というイ メージもあり、come over は人を招いたり するときにも、よく使います。
Why don't you come over to my place at around six?
どう? 6 時ごろ、うちにこない? come to
~についていえば
When it comes to manga, you know everything.
When it comes to speaking English, I get nervous.
come up with お金を都合する 思いつく
My mother might try to come up with something else for me to do.
Someone came up with the idea その考えを思いついた
coming up
続く(テレビのコマーシャルが入りブレー クするときでてくる)。
come with
It comes with your territory. 立場上仕方がないな
compare with ~ ~と比べる
covered with すっぽり覆われる
Charo saw Candy covered with mud. どろでおおわれる
Andororra’s table was covered with a beautiful piece of cloth.
The whole slope was covered with skiers. cut into
割り込む cut himself off 関係を絶つ
She lived like a hermit, cutting herself off from the world.
彼女は世間との関係を絶って、隠遁者のよ うに暮らしていた。
D
depend on
That depends on whatever lies ahead of us.
doze off 居眠りする dunk up
First, put the tea bug in the cup,and dunk it up and down
E
eat up 食べつくす I can’t eat it up. 平らげる
★ up がつくと「完全に、すっかり」とい うニュアンスが加わります。
Come on, drink it up. ほら、ぜんぶ飲んじ ゃって。
end up
結局は~になる
I knew we were going to end up like this. Every day is an adventure because you never know where you may end up. どこにたどり着くかはわからない
F
fall off 転げ落ちる
The fool got so drunk that he fell off the chair.
figure out
Figure out what you think is the best. 自分で何がベストだと思うか、答えを出し なさい。 figure には大まかに言って「姿かたち」や 「図形」という意味と、「数字」という意味 があります。一方 figure out は、元来が「計 算して答えを出す」ということです。figure out = 頭で考えて答えを出す、と覚えまし ょう。
fill in the gap ギャップを埋める fill out
I don’t know how to fill out this form. 書き方がわからない
fill up
Harold went around filling up everyone’s glasses. みんなのところを回ってグラスを満たした find out わかる I found it out. わからなかった事がわかるようになる Find out who you are.
finish up
I was finishing up graduate school.
G
get arround get back to 帰る
I’ll get back to you. あとで返事する get into
A few men were getting into a van. 何人かの男がバンに乗り込んだ get of
get the best of をしのぐ、に勝る
Candy got the best of Aunt Charlotte. Don’t let laziness get the best of you. なまけ心に負けないで
His greed got the best of him. 彼は自分の強欲さに負けた
Let your curiosity get the best of you. 好奇心に勝たせましょうよ
get the lid off 瓶のふたを開ける get the top off お椀の蓋をあける get off the bus バスをおりる get on 乗物に乗る get out 失せる get stressed out くたくたになる get over
Get over yourelf! うぬぼれちゃダメだよ
Have you gotten over your flu? インフルエンザ治った?
get there そこへいく get rid of this 捨てる。取り除く get to NHK NHK につく(arrive at) get up おきる give away もらす
I think somebody gave away. give back
give in
降伏する、いいなりになる Don’t give in to temptation.
give off 放つ
This flower gives off a good smell. give one off 割引する
We give you 25% off. We give you 25 cent off. give out
公表する
The newspaper gave out. My patience finally gave out. give out a sign
溜息をつく give up ~ ~を諦める
He never gives up on his students Don’t give up your dream.
Give me up. 私をあきらめて give up on~
…を見捨てる、こいつはだめだと思う I gave up on the book halfway through. 途中でその本読むのやめちゃった。 …に見切りをつける、見放す And never give up on your dream! 夢をあきらめてはいけませんよ! go about
Let’s go about cleaning the room. go down
You’re going down. 君はおしまいだ go for
Go for it. いけ go in a circle ぐるぐる同じところをまわる go off 走り去る
The fire alarm went off.
アラームが鳴った(音が離れていく) The lights went off.
光が消えた go on 起きている
I don’t know what’s going on What’s going on?
何が起きてるんですか
I talked her to be quiet, but she went on talking.
…を作動(展開)させている、…をやって いる
He has business going on in California. 彼はカリフォルニアでビジネスをやってい る。
go out
I want to go out with him. おつきあいしたい
I think the fashion will go out soon. すたれるとおもう
The van mde stop, the two men go out. 2人の男が車を降りた
go over
I want to go over the itinerary for the tour.
go through
1=suffer,bear,brave, endure, experience, tolerance,undergo,withstand
2=examine,check,explore,forage,hunt, look,search,work,over
3=use up,consume,exhaust, squander go up
The price of gas has gone up. 値上がりしている
good to
She’ll be good to you.
君にとっていい(親切より深みあり)
H
何をするでもなく一緒にいる
I used to hang around with them a lot when I was a kid.
hang over 二日よい hear about 噂を聞く
I heard about this triple-heart pendant. help out
困った状態から助け出す Could you help me out?
My parents helped me out a number of times by paying for my rent while I was a college student.
help …with~ …に~を手伝う
She asked me to help with the party. hit it off (=get along well)
意気投合する
My boyfriend hit it off with my dad, and they are planning to get together to play golf after the picnic on Surturday.
hold back 押しとどまる hold of
Don’t lose hold of your dreams 夢を手放さないで hop off 飛び降りる hop on 飛び乗る hop over 飛び移る
Charo hopped over to the back seat where Candy and Ike were.
I
invite ~over
invite her over to watch a movie 映画にさそう
J
jot down メモする jump out
Hairly creature jumped out in front of my car.
K
keep
An apple a day keeps the doctor away keep back the crowd.
He tried to keep back the truth. 隠す
keep down
Could you keep the noise down. keep ~ from
blueberries.
The sausages kept Charo and Dread from starving.
After their big fight, she kept her distance from him.
keep..in mind …を忘れずにいる
★ keep in mind that ... という形もあり ます。
Do keep in mind that I want to make it a very casual wedding party.
ほんと、くつろいだ感じの披露宴にしたい んで、そのこと、頭に入れておいてくださ いね。 keep in touch 連絡をとりあおう keep on
If it keeps on raining, we’ll postpone the keep out!
中に入らないで
Keep everyone out of~ keep off
Keep your hands off! 触らないで
keep up ついていく
I can’t keep up with you.
君についていく高い水準を保つことができ ない
kick off kick off shoes
just kick back and relax know 面識がある know of him 面識はないけど知っている
L
laugh atHe laughed at my dream, saying it was just impossible. lay down 横になる lay over 空港での中継 leave~to leave it to に任せる let down ガッカリさせる
The Tigers let us down last night. That was a letdown.
あれはがっかりした おろす
★降りたがっている人をおろしてあげる、 ということ。
同じ let her down でも「彼女を失望させ る」という意味になるときもあります。 line up
Be sure to line up an appointment to visit with your college adviser.
行列に参加する live it up
思いっきりたのしむ
I would live it up with my family. look after
世話をする look at
を見る look away
そっぽを向く、顔をそむける look for
探す
be looking forward to~ ~するのを楽しみにしている look into
覗き込む
She has the strange power to look into the future.
未来を予知できる不思議な力を持っている We’ll look into the story.
She looked into her heart and decided what to do.
Look into yourself. 自分の心を見つめて look onto
The window looked onto the street. まどは通りに面していました
look out 気をつけて look to
My room looks to the north. 北向きです
M make up お化粧する 編集する
I’m not making this up, if that’s what you’re suggesting.
君の考えているような作り話じゃないよ Tomoko's made up her mind never to shed a tear over her broken family.
トモコは崩壊した家族のことで、もうけっ して涙を流すまいと心に決めたのです。 決心する
Make up yourself.
I can’t make up my mind who I’m voting for.
誰に投票するか、まだきまりません make up ~for
埋め合わせる、償う
He wants to make up for what Liz’s been through.
make something out =understand or figure out
I couldn’t make out what the customer ordered because of the poor telephone connection
miss out on・・・ …をのがす
★チャンスなどをのがして損をするという ニュアンスです。
Don't miss out on your chance to save! お得なチャンスをのがさないで。 NO
P
pack up 荷づくりする 仕事をやめるLet’s pack up the car. pass away
Sir Joseph’s father passed away early. die の婉曲的表現 pass up peep out 中から外をのぞく pick up 抱き上げる pick up a taxi pick up a friend pick up speed 加速する pick up a habit 習慣を身につける Can you come pick me up at 9. 9 時に迎えにきて
I’ll pick you up at 9. 9 時に迎えに行く pick up speed スピードを上げる ★ pick up は実に多様な目的語をとりま す。片っ端から覚えるのは無意味ですが、 一度辞書でチェックしてみてください。 plug A into B AをBに差し込む plunge into 突っ込む
This made Paul plunge into his fellow cats.
pounce on とびかかる pull in
pull in the plug プラグを差し込む pull off
車を止める pull out
pull out the plug
プラグ(コンセント)をぬいて pull up
車がとまる push around
Don’t let them push you around like that こき使う、乱暴に扱う
push away
He’s lonely because he keeps pushing people away.
人を寄せ付かないので一人ぼっち The war pushed up the price of oil. push off now. 行きたくないけど行かなく ちゃ
push on
we were tired of walking, but we pushed on.
疲れたけど頑張っていく
We pushed on through the forest. 森を突き進む
push through
The movie star pushed through the waiting fans.
To get to the camp, we had to push through 2hours of thick wddes.
push to
interested in promotion. 役職に押し上げられた
Bob was pushed to the chairman’s position.
push up 押し上げる
The war pushed up the price of oil. He was pushed up the top.
put down
I’ll put downyour name on the list put off
延期 put in 入れる
First, put in the rice. Then put in some water . Finally, push the start button. You had been put in a hospital.
病院に入院させられた。 put off
先延ばしにする
You shouldn’t put off going to the doctor. put on
Put your books. people. She put on her new shoes.
put on a warm sweater,coat,hat, and scarf to keep me warm because I don’t want to freeze outside.
He put on 3 kilograms recently. 体重が増える
put out
I thought I should put out your food. 今のうちにご飯を出してあげようとおもっ て put up on ~ ~の上に貼ってある インターネットにアップしている
Q
R
reach out 近ずくAunt Charlotte reached out. be rewarded with
褒美がもらえる
You are rewarded with trust and respect. roll around
転げまわる roll down 転がり落ちる run down
The police ran down the criminal. 犯人をつかまえた
暑さでばてちゃう run down the hill 丘を下る
run down a list リストに目をとおす run off
He took all the money and ran off. 有り金全部持って逃げた
We need to run off 100 copies of this. run into 走りながら入ってくる run out
they run out of alcohol 切らしている My visa has ran out
My patience is running out. 我慢できなくなる
run over
The bath tub is running over. お風呂があふれる
"run over" has several meanings including (1) hitting someone or something with a car ("One of the students accidentally ran over my bag.") or (2) looking or reading something again to better understand it ("Let's run over the vocabulary again before the test.").
run up
He ran up a huge bill on his credit card. ものすごく請求をためている
run up to~ ~に駆け寄る
S
saw up
He sawed the log up into little pieces. のこぎりで丸太を細かく切った
scattered around 散らかっている see off
見送る
send ~ (away) for
~を…の目的で遣わす、送り込む ★受け身の形が be sent (away) for ... The X-rays showed some strange shadow, so they sent me for a CT scan.
X 線写真に妙な影が映っていたものですか ら、ここで CT スキャンを受けるように言 われました。 send out 送り出す settle in
And right after we settled in Aimee’s novel suddenly became a bestseller. 新しい場所に(空間)におちつくこと 引っ越した直後エイミーの小説はベストセ ラになった
A:Hi, my wife and I just moved in next door.
B:Welcome to our town. I hope we can help you settle in.
shake off を振り払う show up 登場する
The master of the house is usually the very last person to show up
sink ~into~
Charo’s words sank deeply into Dread’s heart.
心に深くしみ込んだ
sit up
She is used to sitting up late. 彼女は夜更かしには慣れている
The loud noise made her sit up in bed. ベッドから起き上がる
sleep on
You should sleep on it.
よく考えてね。一晩考える。決断を朝まで のばす。
sleep on and off ねたりおきたり smile at~
~にほほえみかける speak up
He thought for a while, and spoke up. 少し考えてから、思い切って話だしました spread out 広げる stand up 立っている star in・・・・ ・・・に主演する start off with
I’ll start off with the Butter Lettuce Salad,
and the the Vegetable Tenuce. start over やり直す step on 踏みつける step forward 前に進む striking up =starting
T
take back 前言取り消すTake back what you said. Make me.
take it away
a gust of wind took it away! 一陣の風がそれを飛ばした Don’t take his hopes away take ~in
~をひきとる take on
引き受ける。請け負う
Dread took on the role of a strict but loving father.
take off 取り去る wear の反対 take the lid off
ふたをあける
目を離せない
Can’t take my eyes off of you. take on 興奮する 人気を得る いばる つよく表す 自分の車に乗せる 雇う 仕事を引き受ける
She took on too much work. Her hands are full. 対戦する 遠くまで運ぶ 喧嘩する 呈する take out とりだす、引き出す、借り出す Did you take out the trash? 皿をとりだした?
歯を抜く
take out the key キーを抜いて take over
奪取、引き継ぎ、バトンタッチ のっとる
…を引き継ぐ
★ I took over driving because my father had too much beer at lunch.
お父さんがお昼にビールを飲みすぎてしま ったので、わたしが代わって運転した。
take up
始める
My mother took up painting. Did Sarah take up surfing?
Maybe you should take up something new.
take with
What is the woman planning to take with her to school from home?
talk about~ 議論する
Let’s get together after class to talk about tonight’s party.
…といっても、これは特別。
"Dad's going to take us to Las Vegas." "Wow! Talk about excitement!"
「パパがラスヴェガスに連れてってくれる んですって。」「すごいじゃない! もうワク ワクね!」
Talk about difficult choices. うわ、難しい選択とはこのことね
Talk about sincerity! This book was all about one person cheating on another. 誠実さなんてとんでもない!この本は全員 お互いだます連続よ
★「こんなにすごいのって、そうザラには ない」という驚きの表現です。
talk into
They somehow talked me into it なになにさせる
Talk into" means to try to persuade or convince someone. "My sister tried to talk our parents into paying for all her school tuition, but it didn't work" is one example talk out
She first trie to talk me out of it but soon she understand.
やめるよう説得する talk with
相談する
You should talk with the therapist or psychiatrist.
teach about
Liz’s father taught his son about gardening
think of
You’re still thinking of~? まだそんなこと思っているの throw in = add throw it away 捨てる throw up 吐く try out 試験的に使ってみる turn in 提出する ★ hand in とも言います。submit より日 常的な表現です。
You must turn in your exam when time is called.
時間になったらすぐ答案を出すこと。
turn off
He turned off the TV. turn on
電源をいれる
He turned on the computer.
turn out to~ ~だと判明する
In the end everything turned out to be fine.
Do you want me to see how it’ll see how it’ll turn out?
UV
W
wait up 待って wake up
I woke up early this morning. 起きる
walk down 歩く
walk through 一緒に歩く
The touch screens walk you through the purchase of the ticket you want to buy タッチパネルが切符の買い方を順順に説明 してくれる
walk up 近ずく
While on duty, Sirius caught sight of Dread and walked up to him.
仕事中にシリウスはドレッドの姿を見かけ、 近づいていった。
You might want to~ ~したらどうですか
When do you go back? ほとんど同じ
warm up
I can always take them off if I warm up 暖かくなってきたら
wear out 疲れてしまう
Don’t wear yourself out.
whine over…
のことでめそめそする、弱音を吐く ★ whine は、犬などが「く~んと鳴く」 というのと同じ動詞です。
Don't whine over such minor things. そういうちっぽけなことで文句を言わない の。
whip something up=prepare quickly win back
取り戻す
★ win は lose の反対。一度「失った」も のを、がんばって取り返すというイメージ です。
He couldn't win back his seat in the House.
彼は下院議員への返り咲きをめざしたが落 選した。
work on
She was working on campus in library. work out うまくいく、良い結果になる 合計が・・・になる 解ける やり遂げる work-out トレーニング、体力づくり
It worked out just she wanted it to. 彼女の思うつぼ
be worked up わくわくする wrap up
Could you wrap this up?
これを包んでくれます?家で食べたいので。 I would like to take this home.
…に包まれて wrap up in
★ wrap は「包む」こと。「キャンディの 包み紙」は、candy wrapper、「包装紙」は wrapping paper です。
Wrap yourself up in this blanket and sit in front of the fire.
この毛布にくるまって、暖炉の前にすわり なさいな。
write up
I have to write up the report.