Ṕྐ㒔ᕷ㜵⅏ㄽᩥ㞟 9RO ᖺ ᭶
᪤Ꮡி⏫ᐙࡢ⪏㟈ᛶ⬟ホ౯⪏㟈⿵ᙉ
Seismic Perfomance Evaluation and Seismic Reinforcement on Exiting Kyo-machiya
㡲⏣㐩
࣭㕥ᮌ⚈அ
Tatsuru Suda, Yoshiyuki Suzuki
ᮌᅄ㑻ᘓ⠏タィᐊ ࠛ ி㒔ᕷᮾᒣ༊ᑠᯇ⏫
Kishiro Architectual Design Office
ி㒔Ꮫ㜵⅏◊✲ᡤᩍᤵ ࠛᏱᕷࣨᗉ
Professor, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University
The improvement of seismic performance of traditional wooden houses, Kyo-machiya houses, in densely built-up urban areas is very important for the earthquake disaster mitigation in historical city, Kyoto. In this paper, the seismic perfor-mance evaluation of Kyo-machiya houses is described from structural detailed observations of thirty Kyo-machiya houses. The seismic reinforcement design method as well as the seismic performance evaluation method is also proposed. These proposed methods are useful and reasonable for the seismic reinforcement of Kyo-machiya houses and is also available to existing traditional wooden houses in many other areas.
key words : traditional wooden house, structural observation, seismic evaluation, seismic reinforcement method
㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ
ࠉி㒔࡛ࡣࠊி⏫ᐙࡤࢀࡿពᛶඃࢀࡓఏ⤫ᮌ㐀ఫᏯࡀྂࡃ ࡽᘓタࡉࢀࠊ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡶ⣙ ᲷᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢி⏫ᐙ ࡀ㧗ᐦᗘᘓタࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡛≉Ⰽ࠶ࡿ⏫୪ࡳࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ Ṕྐⓗࠊᩥⓗࡶ౯್ࡀ㧗ࡃࠊ㜵⅏ྥࡅࡓྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡣ㔜せゝ ࠼ࡿࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᘓタᖺ௦ࡢྂ࠸ி⏫ᐙࡣࠊ⤒ᖺⓗ࡞ຎక࠺ ⪏㟈ᛶ⬟ࡢపୗࡀᠱᛕࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋࡉࡽᘓ⠏ᇶ‽ἲ࠾ࡅࡿ⌧ ⾜ࡢᵓ㐀つᐃࢆ‶㊊ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡛ࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶ㐺ษ࡞⿵ᙉࡸᨵಟ ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࠉᮏሗ࡛ࡣி⏫ᐙࡢ⪏㟈ᛶ⬟ࡢྥୖࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚ࠊᵓ㐀ⓗ࡞ほⅬ ࡽࡢㄪᰝศᯒᇶ࡙࠸࡚⪏㟈⿵ᙉࡢ᪉ἲࡘ࠸࡚ሗ࿌ࡍࡿࠋ㸰㸬ᵓ㐀ヲ⣽ㄪᰝ
ࠉᑐ㇟ࡍࡿᘓ≀ࡣࠊி㒔ᕷෆᘓタࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿி⏫ᐙ Ჷࡋ ࡓࠋ Ჷࡢᴫせࡢᢕᥱ㝿ࡋ࡚ࠊ㛫ཱྀࠊ㝵ᩘࠊᖹ㠃ᙧែࢆࣃ࣓࣮ࣛ ࢱࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ㛫ཱྀᑍἲࡣ 㛫ࡽ 㛫ࠊ㝵ᩘࡣᖹᒇࠊ୰ 㝵ࠊ 㝵ᘓ࡚ࠊᖹ㠃ᙧែ ࡣ ิ ᐊࡽ ิ ᐊ ิ ᐊࠊ ิ ᐊࡀ࠶ࡾࠊᘓ⠏ᖺ௦ࡣ᫂ᮇࡽึᮇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓᑐ㇟ᘓ ≀ࡣࠊቑᨵ⠏ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃᘓタᙜࡢ≧ែࡀ᥎ ࡛ࡁࡿᘓ≀࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠉㄪᰝࡣࠊពタィ⪅ࠊᵓ㐀タィ⪅ࠊᕤᲷᱱࡼࡾㄪᰝ⌜ࢆᵓᡂ ࡋ࡚ࠊᖹ㠃ᅗࠊఅᅗࠊ㍈⤌ᅗࠊᵓ㐀せ⣲ࡢ㓄⨨ᵝࠊ㒊ᮦᑍἲ࡞ ᅗᆺⓗ࡞ி⏫ᐙࡢ㍈⤌ ഃᰕ ᆅᲷ Ⓩࡾᱱ ࢧࢧࣛ ㊊ᅛࡵ ᘏ▼ ⋢▼ ┿ி⏫ᐙࡢእほ┿ࢆㄪᰝࠊィ ࡋࠊྛ㒊ࢆ┿グ㘓ࡋࡓࠋ┿ ᶆ‽ⓗ࡞つᶍࡢி⏫ᐙࡢእほࠊᅗ ᆺⓗ࡞㍈⤌ࢆ♧ ࡋࠊᅗ ิ ᐊᆺ ิ ᐊᆺࡢᖹ㠃ᙧែࢆ♧ࡍࠋ
㸱㸬⪏㟈ᛶ⬟ホ౯
㸦㸧ࠉᵓ㐀≉ᛶ ࠉி⏫ᐙࡢᵓ㐀ࡣࠊᰕ㊊ᅛࡵࡸ᱆࡞ ࡢᶓᯫᮦ࡛㍈⤌ࢆᵓᡂࡋࠊቨࡣᅵሬࡾቨ 㸦ᅵቨ㸧ࠊᅵቨࡼࡿᑠቨ㸦ᅵቨᑠቨ㸧 ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⾲ ᑐ㇟ᘓ≀ Ჷࡢィ ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓྛ㒊ᮦࡢᑍἲ➼ࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡲࡓ㛫 ཱྀࠊዟ⾜ࡁᑍἲࠊᘓ≀㧗ࡉࢆ⾲ ♧ࡍࠋ ࠉᘓ≀㔜㔞ࡣࠊྛᵓ㠃ࡢ༢㔜㔞ࢆタᐃ ࡋࠊྛ㒊ࡢ㠃✚ࢆࡌ࡚⟬ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ༢㔜㔞ࡣࠊᘓ⠏ᇶ‽ἲ⾜௧➨ ᮲ࠊ ᮲ᇶ࡙࠸࡚タᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡔࡓࡋᒇ ᰿ᅵቨࡣࠊ㔜㔞ᑐࡍࡿ༨᭷⋡ࡀ㧗 ࠸ࡇࡸ ࠊᆅᇦࡼࡗ࡚ᵝࠎ࡞ᵝࡀ Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ ࠋࡑࡇ࡛⎰ࠊⵌࡁᅵ࠾ࡼࡧᅵ ቨࡣᐇ ᇶ࡙࠸࡚タᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋᑐ ㇟ᘓ≀ࡢᆅ㟈タィ⏝ᘓ≀㔜㔞ࡢ⟬ฟ⤖ ᯝࢆᘓ≀つᶍྜࢃࡏ࡚⾲ ♧ࡍࠋ 㸦㸧ࠉ⪏㟈ᛶ⬟ ࠉᵓ㐀ヲ⣽ㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝࡽᑐ㇟ᘓ≀ࡣᅵቨࠊᅵቨᑠቨࠊ㍈⤌ࢆ⪏㟈せ⣲ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ᪤ ࡢ◊✲ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ ඖຊ≉ᛶࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓ ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ᅵቨࡸᅵቨᑠቨࡣࠊ┿ ࡢࡼ࠺ኳୖࡸᗋୗ㒊ศࢆᕤࡋ࡞࠸ሙྜࡀ ከ࠸ ࠋᅵቨࡢሙྜࠊᕤࡋ࡞࠸㒊ศࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡿᑠቨࡢ≧ែ㏆࡙ࡃ௬ᐃࡋ࡚ࠊᕤࡋ࡞࠸㒊ศᛂ ࡌ࡚ࠊᑠቨࡢ⥺ᙧ⿵㛫ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡏࢇ᩿⪏ຊࢆ⟬ฟࡍࡿࠋᑠቨࡢሙྜࡣࠊᯫᵓࡢ㧗ࡉᑐࡋ࡚ᑠቨࡢ㧗ࡉࡀ ࢆᇶ‽ࡋ࡚ࠊᕤࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸㒊ศࢆྵࡵ࡞࠸ᑠቨࡢ㧗ࡉᛂࡌ࡚ࡏࢇ᩿⪏ຊࢆ⟬ฟࡍࡿࠋᅗ ᅵቨࠊ ᅵቨᑠቨࡢ⟬ฟ᪉ἲࡢᶍᘧᅗࢆ♧ࡍࠋ⟬ฟࡋࡓඖຊࡽኚᙧゅ UDG ࡢࡏࢇ᩿⪏ຊ⾲ ♧ࡍᘓ≀㔜 㔞ࢆ⏝࠸࡚࣮࣋ࢫࢩಀᩘ &% ࢆ⟬ฟࡋࠊ⪏㟈せ⣲ࡈᅗ ♧ࡍࠋᚓࡽࢀࡓඖຊ≉ᛶᘓ≀㔜㔞ࡽ 㝈⏺⪏ຊィ⟬ ࡼࡾ⪏㟈ᛶ⬟ホ౯ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ᭱ᛂ⟅ኚᙧゅࢆᅗ ♧ࡍࠋ㝈⏺⪏ຊィ⟬࠾࠸࡚ᆅ┙✀ู ࡣ➨ ✀ᆅ┙ࡋ࡚ᘓ⠏ᇶ‽ἲ⾜௧➨ ᮲ࡢ ࡼࡾᆅ㟈ຊࢆ⟬ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᵓ㐀ヲ⣽ㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ⭉ᮙࡸ⽥ ᐖࡼࡾᦆയࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿᘓ≀ࡶ࠶ࡿࡀࠊᮏሗ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᘓ࡚ࡽࢀࡓᙜึࡢ≧ἣࢆᐃࡋ࡚ホ౯ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ⽥ᐖࡸ⭉ᮙࡼࡿᦆയ⟠ᡤࡢಟࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⪏㟈⿵ᙉࢆ⾜࠺๓ᥦࡋ࡚ᚲせྍḞ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ࠉ⪏㟈ᛶ⬟ホ౯ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᖹᒇࢆ㝖࠸࡚ࠊ࣮࣋ࢫࢩಀᩘࡣᙇࡾ㛫᪉ྥ࡛ ࡽ ࡛ᖹᆒ್ ࠊᶆ‽೫ ᕪ ࠊࡅࡓ⾜᪉ྥࡣ ࡽ ࡛ᖹᆒ್ ࠊᶆ‽೫ᕪ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅗ ࡢࡼ࠺ி⏫ᐙࡢᖹ㠃ᙧែ ᅵሬࡾቨ ᅵቨᑠቨ D ิ ᐊᆺ D ิ ᐊᆺ ᅗி⏫ᐙࡢᖹ㠃ᙧែ ᒃᐊ ᒃᐊ ᒃᐊ ᒃᐊ ᒃᐊ ᒃᐊ ᒃᐊ ᒃᐊ ᒃᐊ ࢺ࢜ࣜࢽ࣡ ࢺ࢜ࣜࢽ࣡ ⾲ᵓ㐀㒊ᮦࡢᑍἲ ⾲ᑐ㇟ᘓ≀ࡢつᶍ 㒊 㒊ヲ⣽ ᑍἲ ᒃᐊ䛾ᰕ 㻝㻜㻜㼤㻝㻜㻜䡚㻝㻞㻜㼤㻝㻞㻜 ഃᰕ㻔ゅᰕ㻕 㻝㻞㻜㼤㻝㻞㻜䡚㻝㻠㻜㼤㻝㻠㻜 ഃᰕ㻔༙ᰕ㻕ぢ䛡 㻝㻜㻜䡚㻝㻠㻜 䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷ዟ⾜䛝 㻢㻜䡚㻝㻜㻜 㯮ᰕ䛺䛹 㻝㻡㻜㼤㻝㻡㻜䡚㻞㻣㻜㼤㻞㻣㻜 ᱆ 㻝㻜㻜㼤㻞㻞㻜䡚㻝㻞㻜㼤㻟㻜㻜 䝃䝃䝷㻔㻝㻚㻡㛫䝇䝟䞁㻕 㻝㻜㻜㼤㻝㻡㻜䡚㻝㻞㻜㼤㻝㻤㻜 䝃䝃䝷㻔㻞㛫䝇䝟䞁㻕 㻝㻜㻜㼤㻞㻝㻜䡚㻝㻞㻜㼤㻞㻠㻜 ㊊ᅛ䜑 㻥㻜㼤㻥㻜䡚㻝㻞㻜㼤㻝㻞㻜 ቨཌ 㻡㻡䡚㻢㻡 ቨ㈏ 㻝㻞㼤㻝㻜㻜䡚㻝㻞㼤㻝㻞㻜 㻟㻚㻤㻛㻝㻜䡚㻠㻚㻜㻛㻝㻜 ᅵቨ 䠷䟚䠹 ᒇ᰿໙㓄 ᰕ 䠷䟚䠹 ᶓᯫᮦ 䠷䟚䠹 ⠊ᅖ ᖹᆒ್ ᶆ‽೫ᕪ 㛫ཱྀ䚷䚷䠷㼙䠹 㻟㻚㻥䡚㻝㻝㻚㻞 㻢㻚㻝㻝 㻝㻚㻢㻤 ዟ⾜䛝䚷䠷㼙䠹 㻟㻚㻥䡚㻝㻡㻚㻤 㻝㻜㻚㻞㻣 㻟㻚㻟㻣 ᭱㧗㧗䛥䚷䠷㼙䠹 㻡㻚㻣䡚㻥㻚㻜 㻣㻚㻝㻡 㻜㻚㻣㻤 㻞㝵㧗䛥䚷䚷䠷㼙䠹 㻝㻚㻥䡚㻟㻚㻢 㻞㻚㻣㻢 㻜㻚㻠㻟 㻝㝵㧗䛥䚷䚷䠷㼙䠹 㻞㻚㻡䡚㻟㻚㻠 㻞㻚㻥㻠 㻜㻚㻞㻟 ⥲㔜㔞䚷䠷㼗㻺㻛䟝䠹 㻞㻚㻜䡚㻟㻚㻡 㻞㻚㻡㻡 㻜㻚㻟㻠 㔜㔞ẚ 㻜㻚㻡䡚㻝㻚㻞 㻜㻚㻤㻤 㻜㻚㻞㻜 ͤࡓࡔࡋࠊ⥲㔜㔞ࡣᘏᗋ㠃✚ᙜࡓࡾࡢ༢㔜㔞 ࠉ㔜㔞ẚࡣ ᒙ㔜㔞 ᒙ㔜㔞ࡋ࡚♧ࡍ ࡅࡓ⾜ ᙇࡾ 㛫ࡣࠊᙇࡾ㛫᪉ྥࡣእቨࡸࢺ࢜ࣜࢽ࣡ᒃᐊࡢቃᅵቨࢆከࡃ㓄⨨ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࣮࣋ࢫࢩಀᩘࡣᖹᆒⓗ㧗࠸ࠋ ୍᪉ࠊࡅࡓ⾜᪉ྥࡣᅵቨࡀᑡ࡞ࡃࠊྛᒃᐊࡢ㛫ษࡾᑠቨࢆ㓄⨨ࡍࡿ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡾ࣮࣋ࢫࢩಀᩘࡣᴟࡵ࡚ ప࠸ࠋ᭱ᛂ⟅ኚᙧゅࡣࠊᙇࡾ㛫᪉ྥ࠾࠸࡚ࡣᑐ㇟ᘓ≀࡛ UDG ௨ୗ࡛࠶ࡿࡢᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࡅࡓ⾜᪉ྥࡣࠊ ࢇࡢᘓ≀࡛ UDG ࢆࡁࡃ㉸࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢⅭࠊࡅࡓ⾜᪉ྥࡣ༑ศ࡞⪏㟈⿵ᙉࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿゝ࠼ࡿࠋ
㸲㸬⪏㟈⿵ᙉ
㸦㸯㸧⿵ᙉ᪉ἲ ࠉ⪏㟈⿵ᙉࡣᅗ 㸦D㸧♧ࡋࡓࠊᶆ‽ⓗ࡞つᶍᖹ㠃ᙧែ࡛࠶ࡿ 1 㑰ࢆᑐ㇟ሗ࿌ࡍࡿࠋ1 㑰ࡢᘓ≀ᴫせࢆ⾲ ࠊྛ㝵ᵓ㐀ᅗࢆᅗ ࠊඖຊ≉ᛶࢆᅗ ࠊኚᙧゅ ࠾ࡅࡿࡏࢇ᩿⪏ຊࢆᵓ㠃ࡈᅗ ♧ࡍࠋ ࠉᮌ㐀ᘓ≀ࡢ⪏㟈⿵ᙉ࡛ࡣࠊ㔜㔞ࡢ㍍ῶࠊ⪏ຊࡢቑຍࠊῶ⾶ຊࡢቑຍ࡞ࡢ᪉ἲࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㔜㔞ࢆ㍍ῶࡍࡿሙ ྜࡣࠊ⎰ࡢⵌࡁ᭰࠼ࡸᅵቨࡢ᧔ཤ࡞ࡢ᪉ἲࡀ࠶ࡾ ࠊῶ⾶ຊࡢቑຍࡣࠊไࢹࣂࢫࢆྲྀࡾࡅࡿ࡞ 㸦D㸧ኳୖቨᅵ࡞ࡋ E ࠉᗋୗቨᅵ࡞ࡋ ┿ࠉᅵቨࡢᕤ≧ἣ ᅗࠉᑐ㇟ᘓ≀ࡢ࣮࣋ࢫࢩಀᩘ ᑐ㇟ᘓ≀㸦ᖹ㠃ᙧᘧࢆ♧ࡋࠊ ࡢᩘ್ࡣ㝵ᩘ㸧 ࣮࣋ࢫࢩಀᩘ ࣮࣋ࢫࢩಀᩘ ᅵቨ ᑠቨ ㍈⤌ ᅗࠉᵓ㐀せ⣲ࡢ⟬᪉ἲ ᇶ‽ᑍἲ ᅵቨᑠቨ ࡢ⥺ᙧ⿵㛫 ⧅ࡂᮦࡀ↓࠸ሙྜ ࡣ⪃៖ࡋ࡞࠸ ቨ㛗ẚ ቨ㛗ẚ ᯛᩘẚ ᇶ‽ࡢᅵቨ ᇶ‽ࡢᑠቨ 㻜 㻜㻚㻞 㻜㻚㻠 㻜㻚㻢 㻜㻚㻤 㻜 㻜㻚㻞 㻜㻚㻠 㻜㻚㻢 㻜㻚㻤 㻝㻙㻝㻔㻝㻕 㻝㻙㻞㻔㻝㻕 㻞㻙㻞㻔㻝㻕 㻝㻙㻝㻔㻝㻚㻡㻕 㻝㻙㻟㻔㻝㻚㻡㻕 㻝㻙㻟㻔㻝㻚㻡㻕 㻝㻙㻟㻔㻝㻚㻡㻕 㻝㻙㻟㻔㻝㻚㻡㻕 㻝㻙㻟㻔㻝㻚㻡㻕 ูᙧᘧ㻔 㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻞㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻞㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻞㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻟㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻞㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻞㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻞㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻞㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻟㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻟㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻟㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻟㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻟㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻟㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻟㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻟㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻟㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻠㻔㻞㻕 㻞㻙㻞㻔㻞㻕 㻞㻙㻟㻔㻞㻕 ᙇࡾ㛫᪉ྥ ࡅࡓ⾜᪉ྥࡢᥦࡀࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ๓❶࡛♧ࡋࡓ࠾ࡾࠊி⏫ᐙࡣࡅࡓ⾜᪉ྥࡢ⪏ຊࡀᙇࡾ㛫᪉ྥẚ࡚ ᴟࡵ࡚పࡃࠊࡅࡓ⾜᪉ྥࡢ⪏ຊྥୖࡣᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᭱ࡶຠᯝⓗ⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡲࡓ⪏ຊ⿵ᙉࡢ㝿ࠊᮌ㐀ᘓ≀࡛ ࡣᗋ๛ᛶࡀ༑ศ࡛࡞࠸ሙྜࡀከࡃࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵ⪏ຊ೫ᚰࡼࡗ࡚ᵓ㠃ࡈ␗࡞ࡗࡓࡡࡌࢀᣲືࢆ♧ࡍࡇࡀ ᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋࡲࡓྛᒙ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ๛ᛶࡢప࠸ᒙࡀ୍᪉ⓗඛ⾜ࡋ࡚ኚᙧࡍࡿࡇࡶᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋ ࡑࡢࡓࡵ⪏㟈⿵ᙉࡢ᪉ἲࡋ࡚ࠊࡲࡎ⌧≧ࡢ⪏㟈ᛶ⬟ホ౯ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊᅛ᭷࣮ࣔࢻࡽྛᒙࡢᛂ⟅ኚᙧゅࡀ ྠ➼࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ྛᒙࡢ⿵ᙉ㔞ࢆ⟬ฟࡍࡿ ࠋḟせᵓ㠃ࡈ⟬ฟࡋࡓ㈇ᢸ㔜㔞ඖຊࡼࡗ࡚⪏㟈ᛶ ⬟ホ౯ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ྛᵓ㠃ࡘ࠸࡚⿵ᙉ㔞ࢆ⟬ฟࡍࡿ ࠋ 㸦㸰㸧⿵ᙉせ⣲ ࠉᑐ㇟ᘓ≀ࡢせ࡞ᵓ㐀せ⣲࡛࠶ࡿᅵቨࡸᑠቨࡣረᛶ⋡ࡀࡁࡃࠊ㧗࠸ኚᙧᛶ⬟ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ⪏ 㟈⿵ᙉ⏝࠸ࡿせ⣲ࡶࠊ㧗࠸ኚᙧᛶ⬟ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚ࠊ⿵ᙉᚲせ࡞⪏ຊࢆ‶ࡓࡉ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡽࢆ‶ ࡓࡍ⪏㟈せ⣲ࡋ࡚ࠊᅵቨࡼࡿ⿇ቨᑠቨࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡚ᵓ㠃ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ㛛ᆺᅵቨ ᮌᮦࡢࡵࡾ㎸ࡳ≉ ᛶࢆ⏝ࡋࡓࡣࡋࡈᆺࣇ࣮࣒ࣞ ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㟼ⓗຍຊᐇ㦂ࡼࡾࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᛶ⬟ࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ ࠊ㛛ᆺᅵቨ ࡣࠊ⿇ቨࠊᑠቨࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ⿇ቨࡢ㛤ཱྀ㒊ࡢ᭷↓ࢆࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡋࠊ㍈⤌ࡢࡳࡢヨ㦂యࢆຍ࠼ࡓ యࡢᐇ㦂 ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋቨᅵ㒊ศࡣࠊᅵቨࡢᛶ⬟ྠ➼࡞Ⲩቨࣃࢿࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡣࡋࡈᆺࣇ࣮࣒ࣞࡣࠊ᮰ࡢᮏᩘ 㻝㻙㻝㻔㻝㻕 㻝㻙㻞㻔㻝㻕 㻞㻙㻞㻔㻝㻕 㻝㻙㻝㻔㻝㻚㻡㻕 㻝㻙㻟㻔㻝㻚㻡㻕 㻝㻙㻟㻔㻝㻚㻡㻕 㻝㻙㻟㻔㻝㻚㻡㻕 㻝㻙㻟㻔㻝㻚㻡㻕 㻝㻙㻟㻔㻝㻚㻡㻕 ูᙧᘧ 㻔㻞 㻕 㻝㻙㻞㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻞㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻞㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻟㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻞㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻞㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻞㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻞㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻟㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻟㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻟㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻟㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻟㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻟㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻟㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻟㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻟㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻙㻠㻔㻞㻕 㻞㻙㻞㻔㻞㻕 㻞㻙㻟㻔㻞㻕 㻝㻛㻝㻜 㻝㻛㻝㻡 㻝㻛㻞㻜 㻝㻛㻟㻜 㻝㻛㻢㻜 ࡅࡓ⾜ ᙇࡾ㛫 ᅗ ࠉ㝈⏺⪏ຊィ⟬ࡼࡿ᭱ᛂ⟅ኚᙧゅ㸦➨ ✀ᆅ┙㸧 ᑐ㇟ᘓ≀㸦ᖹ㠃ᙧᘧࢆ♧ࡋࠊ ࡢᩘ್ࡣ㝵ᩘ㸧 ᭱ᛂ⟅ኚᙧゅ UDG ࡏ ࢇ ᩿⪏ຊࠉ N1 ኚᙧゅ UDG ᙇࡾ㛫 㝵 ᙇࡾ㛫 㝵 ࡅࡓ⾜ 㝵 ࡅࡓ⾜ 㝵 ⥲ィ 㻞ᒙ 㻝ᒙ ᘓ≀㔜㔞䚷䠄㼗㻺䠅 㻟㻣㻣 㻝㻤㻞 㻝㻥㻡 ᘓ≀㧗䛥䚷䠄㼙䠅 㻤㻚㻜㻟 㻞㻚㻣㻢 㻟㻚㻝㻤 ᗋ㠃✚䚷䚷䠄䟝䠅 㻝㻟㻟㻚㻜 㻢㻝㻚㻝 㻣㻝㻚㻥 < < < < < < < ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; < < < < < < < ᅵቨ ᑠቨ 㔜ᚰ ๛ᚰ ⿵ᙉタィ๓ ⿵ᙉタィᚋ &% &% ᅗࠉྛᒙࡢඖຊ≉ᛶ ᅗ ࠉ1 㑰ࡢᵓ㐀ᅗ ⾲ ࠉ1 㑰ࡢᘓ≀ᴫせ ; ; ; ; ; < < < ࡏ ࢇ ᩿⪏ຊ N1 ᵓࠉ㠃 ᅗࠉ⪏㟈せ⣲ࡢᵓᡂ ㍈⤌ ᑠቨ ᅵቨ ; ᵓ㠃 < ᵓ㠃
᮰ࡢࡵࡾ㎸ࡳ㠃✚ࢆࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡋ࡚ యࡢᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᮌᮦࡢࡵࡾ㎸ࡳࡣࠊᮦᩱ≉ᛶᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ ࡽࠊ⏝ᮌᮦࡣຍᕤ๓ࣖࣥࢢಀᩘྵỈ⋡ࢆィ ࡋ࡚ࠊᮦᩱࡢᆒ୍ࢆᅗࡗࡓࠋᮦ✀ࡣࣄࣀ࡛࢟࠶ࡿࠋ ᅗ 㛛ᆺᅵቨࡣࡋࡈᆺࣇ࣮࣒ࣞࡢヨ㦂యᅗࢆ♧ࡋࠊᅗ 㟼ⓗຍຊᐇ㦂ࡼࡗ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡓᒚṔ᭤⥺ໟ ⤡᭤⥺ࢆ♧ࡍࠋᅗ D ࡢ㛛ᆺᅵቨ࡛ࡣࠊኚᙧゅ UDG ㏆ࡲ࡛ࡁ࡞⪏ຊపୗࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ୧➃ࢆ⿇ቨࡋࡓ ሙྜ⣙ N1 ⛬ᗘࠊ୧⿇ቨࢆᆶࢀቨࠊ⭜ቨࡋࡓሙྜ⣙ N1 ⛬ᗘࡢ⪏ຊᛶ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋ⿇ቨ ࢆᆶࢀቨ⭜ቨࡋࡓሙྜࡢໟ⤡᭤⥺ࡶྜࢃࡏ࡚ᅗ D ♧ࡍࠋᅗ E ࡢࡣࡋࡈᆺࣇ࣮࣒࡛ࣞࡣࠊ᮰ᮏᩘ ࢆ ᮏࡋࡓᐇ㦂⤖ᯝຍ࠼࡚ࠊ᮰ᮏᩘࢆ ᮏ࠾ࡼࡧ ᮏࡋࡓሙྜࡢໟ⤡᭤⥺ࡶྜࢃࡏ࡚♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࠸ࡎ ࢀࡢヨ㦂య࠾࠸࡚ࡶኚᙧゅ UDG ࢆ㉸࠼࡚ࡶ┠❧ࡗࡓᦆയࡣ↓ࡃࠊኚᙧゅ UDG ࠾ࡅࡿ⪏ຊࡣࠊN1 ᮰ ᮏ ࡽ N1 ᮰ ᮏ ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ 㸦㸱㸧⿵ᙉタィ ࠉ1 㑰ࡢ⌧≧ࡢ⪏㟈ᛶ⬟ホ౯ࢆ㝈⏺⪏ຊィ⟬ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ᛂ⟅ኚᙧゅࢆ⟬ ฟࡋࠊ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ ♧ࡍࠋᮏᅗࡣᚲせᛶ⬟ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ୍ࣝ⮬⏤ᗘ⣔⦰ ⣙ࡋࡓᘓ≀ࡢඖຊࡢⅬࢆᛂ⟅್ࡋ࡚ᛂ⟅ኚᙧゅࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋ ᛂ⟅ኚᙧゅࡣࠊᙇࡾ㛫᪉ྥ࡛ ᒙ UDGࠊ ᒙ UDGࠊࡅࡓ⾜᪉ྥ࡛
ᒙ UDGࠊ ᒙ UDG ࡞ࡾࠊࡅࡓ⾜᪉ྥࡣ୍⯡ⓗఏ⤫ᮌ㐀ఫᏯࡢᏳ㝈⏺ኚᙧゅ ࡉࢀࡿ UDG ࢆࡁࡃ㉸࠼ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡅࡓ⾜᪉ྥࡢᅛ᭷࣮ࣔࢻࢆᅗ ♧ࡋࠊ⿵ᙉࡼࡾᐃࡍࡿᅛ᭷࣮ࣔࢻࢆⅬ⥺࡛ྠ ᅗ♧ࡍࠋྛᒙࡢኚᙧゅࡀྠ➼࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᅛ᭷࣮ࣔࢻࢆᐃࡋࡓሙྜࠊ ᒙ⿵ᙉࡍࡿࡏࢇ᩿⪏ຊࡣ⣙ N1 ࡞ࡿࠋḟࠊࡅࡓ⾜᪉ྥࡢせ࡞ ;ࠊ;ࠊ;ࠊ; ᵓ㠃ࡈ⪏㟈ᛶ⬟ホ౯ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ ♧ࡍࠋᅗ ୰ࡢۑࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᛂ⟅್ࢆ♧ࡋࠊᅗྑྛᒙࡢᛂ⟅ኚᙧゅࢆ♧ࡍࠋࢇࡢᵓ㠃ࡣ ᒙࡢኚᙧᑐࡋ࡚ ᒙࡢኚᙧࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡋࡋ ; ᵓ㠃ࡣ ᒙࡀඛ⾜ࡋ࡚ኚᙧࡍࡿࡇࡀࢃࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ ; ᵓ㠃ࡣᛂ⟅್ࡀ ồࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇࡽ ; ᵓ㠃ࡽ ; ᵓ㠃ࡢ㛫⪏㟈⿵ᙉࡀᚲせุ᩿࡛ࡁࡿࠋᅗ ; ᵓ㠃ࠊ; ᵓ㠃⪏㟈⿵ᙉࢆᐃࡋࡓ㍈⤌ࢆ♧ࡋࠊ⪏㟈⿵ᙉタィᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ⿵ᙉᚋࡢ⪏㟈ᛶ⬟ホ౯ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ ♧ࡍࠋ ⪏㟈⿵ᙉࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡛ࠊ࣮࣋ࢫࢩಀᩘࡣ ࡽ ࠊ೫ᚰ⋡ࡣ ࡽ ྥୖࡋࠊ᭱ᛂ⟅ኚᙧ ゅࡶ UDG ࡞ࡾࠊఏ⤫ᮌ㐀ᘓ≀ࡢタィࢡࣛࢸࣜࡉࢀࡿ UDG ‶㊊ࡍࡿࠋ ᮰㸸 ᘻᮦ㸸 ⿵ᙉᰕ ᰕ ㎸ࡳᰦ D 㛛ᆺᅵቨࠉ E ࡣࡋࡈᆺࣇ࣮࣒ࣞ 㛛ᆺᅵቨ ᆶࢀቨ࣭⭜ቨ ኚᙧゅ UDG Ⲵ㔜 N 1 ᮰ᮏ ᮰ᮏ ᮰ᮏ Ⲵ㔜 N 1 ኚᙧゅ UDG ࡏࢇ ᩿⪏ຊ ࠉ N1 ኚ P ᛂ⟅್ ᅗࠉ㝈⏺⪏ຊィ⟬ࡼࡿ⪏㟈ᛶ⬟ホ౯ ➨✀ᆅ┙ ᅗࠉᅛ᭷࣮ࣔࢻ ᐇ⥺ ⿵ᙉ๓ࠊⅬ⥺ ⿵ᙉᚋ D ࡅࡓ⾜᪉ྥ E ᙇࡾ㛫᪉ྥ ᅗ ࠉ㟼ⓗຍຊᐇ㦂ࡢヨ㦂య D 㛛ᆺᅵቨࠉ E ࡣࡋࡈᆺࣇ࣮࣒ࣞ ᅗࠉ㟼ⓗຍຊᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝ ࡏ ࢇ ᩿ ⪏ ຊ ࠉ N1 ኚ P ᛂ⟅್
