SUT Journat of Hath●ロat ics (Pormerly TRU 盟atllematics) ▼01ume 26, 貰田ロbo苫 1 (1990), 69−88
ACAUCHY TYPE THEOREM ON ORDINARY
DIFFERENTIAL EQuATIoNs AND ITs APPLIcATIoNs
ToMINosuKE OTSUKI
(Recei▼ed February 27, t990; Revised Hay 14, 1990) Abstract. This paper presents a Cauchy type theorem on ordinary differen− tial equations and its applications in the theorey of geodesics in spaces with general connections・ ∫980Matb¢πじ4‡‘c8 subject classification(1985 R¢ガ‘8‘oπノ. Pr輌mary 53CO5,53C22. Keywords. Cauchy theorem, geodesics.§0.Motivation.
Let.Mn be a ll n−dimensional manifbld with a n afiine connection r , which is represented in local coordinates x l,x2,…,xn asr一Σ£、
i ⑧(d2x‘+Σ rl、d・i⑧・d・h), 」,九 where d2 xi are the differentia1 of xi of order 2. Then, any geodes三c 70f (Mn,r)is given by a solution of the system of the ordinary differential equations of order 20n Mn:d2xi
十 ∂32 あ九 i=.Σr;、
ds ds ● 1,2,… ,n7 dxi’ dxh =0,where s is an affine parameter of 7 and determined皿iquely except
af丑ne transformations. SupPosing a su三table di丑εrentiabiHty of Mn and r,we can expect the differentiability of 7 depending on vo∈T.。Mn,vo=7’
i80), by mea皿s of Cauchy−LipsChitz Theorem, which per{brms the essential role in the theory of geodesics of mani丘)1ds with a伍necomections. Under the scheme of a田ne comections, there d6es not
occur the phenomenon such that all or a proper subset of geodesics near a smooth submanifold with at least 2 codimensions are absorbed to it.69
70
C▲uC宜Y TYPE THEOREIH 、﹂ As a・meanS of tfeating the ab㎝e phenomenon, we℃o磁der a general cohhecti6n r・011;Mタ, which {is repreSented二as∵;二・…’、’1:・:^.こ r一Σ∂9X輌⑭(ΣP/rd・・」+Σr;・d・」⑧・d・h)・ ‘ j j,九皿d恥・・he cbm・・n・n・・6f…n…丘・1δP両・・(・,・)・fM・・A・y
geodesic 70f(Mπ,r)is given by a solution of the differential equations:“ Σ巧餐+Σr;、誓誓=o,
」 あ施 i=1,2,、・・.,n.・ L・tQ一Σ・,」∂x’⑧Q}d・’ b・皿y t・n…丘・ld・f typ・.q・1)・f Mnl Then・ 7is a拓o a geodesic fbr the general co血ection ”Qr一Σ∂x’⑧(ΣQ財d2・」.、, .、.
‘ k,」 .+:Σo沽4爽4♂)∫.一.』∫ ’一 夫,」,九 with th・・am・affin・p碇可・ter・ごW・d・n・t・t坤・t・f p・i・t・, wh・・e P=Σ∂♂⑧申♂ 、 ; . 、、.8,,J I are degenerate,・by sing r. Jf sing r≠’・のand 1レfn.−sing r≠0, then ageodesic of(Mn,r)inハイπ 一sing r is’alsb a geodesic Of the.afiine co皿ectiol P−1r. Therefbre the above men七ioned phQomellon can ap− pear fbr subma皿ifblds includedl in sing T. In.order to treat geodesics staエting f士om a point Of sing・r,1We have tg consider a Cauchy−Lipschitz type theorem as described in§2. §1・FigulresΩ(v,6)and◎(”,θ)・ For positiveξeal.草umbers、αa屯d b, we define, ap. aiiXiliary,6gUre on the ⑳駿Plaロe鍋 ・ ・’ ご ... ..、. .、⑲’∴1..Ω⑭〒.「U B2i((tα,0)・i?a2b)・.’
㌧.、一’、 、 、o≦t≦1.『 where B2((xo,lyo),r)den6tes the open disk of・・radiusアwith center (’xo s Yo). For tih6 fa mily’of circles with paτameter才 ・ 『』 ・ 尾・(X−t・)2+y2=t‘a4b2,T. eTSUKI「
71
蓋esee’㎜ed’ately血a趾r°卿ρ〒(°・°)’s°uts’de Kf’f a”d・gn’・(1・2) . b〈は三・
r W・・btai・・a・ily th・ ・ny・19ping⑰Cγ(t)・f K・ in・th・upP・r・h・Jf・plqn・:y>Ois given by
(1.3) x=ta(1−2t2a2b『), y=t2.a2b 1−4t2a2b2 1 0.5 f‘)r O<t〈 ニー 2α6 α6and
(1・4) ’)’(2i6)=(;・0)
is inside 6r outside Kl fbr己b> ∨写デ10r』o<ab−〈 ∨タデ1,、respectively二 Since we have from(1.3)(・・5)書一・(・−6t…6・),誓一4t…6・(・−6・・α・b・),
we see that (1.6) . . 、 xごand y.興e :/ − 1 0.40824…≡°d≦畑r,.・・b,
(・・7) 、」㌦濃一握 、、.
皿d
@11(』1∨「t6ab)一認)・∫,1::
is acusp of’)’. N・xt・we c・n・id・・、th・9。pditi。n th・V 7(t)i・・曲・}Er・the cu随μ=bx2, w]hich is equivalent’狽 1・“’4t2−a2b2 …(i−2t2a?b2)4>072
CAUCHY’ISPE’T血OREN 丘om(1.3). Setting X=2t2a2b2, the above i血equality is equivalent to2−6X十4×2−X3>0. Since the cubic equation of X:
2−6X十4×2−X3=0 ・、、 has the uni(lue real solution Xo r・き(4十(3∨短一17)113−(3y短十17)1/3)=0.456… and∼/耶=0.477… ,we see that
(・・8) ’・’(t)i・ab・v・・h・P・・ab・1・.y一垣2 0.477… f()r O<t〈 ab and the cut point of’)’and the parabola y=bx2 is given by(L9){;:曇蕊x堂〉☆・
Last, we investiga七e the position of the cusp 7(1/∼n6αb)of the curve. 7」for the circle K1. Since we have(壽一う2+(爵)2−a・・b2
−・・−2壽α+、;t、一・・b・ −3;6,(36・・b・−8%・b+3−36・・b・) −3;6,(・−VE。b)・(3+砺・b), we see that(・…) ・(詰。b)i・・u・・id…i・・id・K・・
1 1 if 76>ab°「7E<ab・ 「espec‘ivel・’・F瓢ly, wh…b≦圭,’w・hav・輪m(L3)孤d(1.5)’「
D、
7(1)=(・(1二2α2め,・2b 1−4α2,b2)∈K、T.OTsuk工
73
and at 7(1)坐血
2a4 b2(1−6α2 b3) /a2b α(1−6a2b2)1−4a2b2=
2ab
●1−4α2b2
Noticing these facts, we obtain the graph of 7 as in Fig.1. Now, we de丘ne an analogous figureΩ(び, b)in Rn fbr v∈Rn, v≠0, and b>OtoΩ(α,b)in R2 ’by (1.11) Ω(V,b)−UBn(t・,・t2・“vll2b), 0<t≦1andf‘)rO<θ<9
(1.12) ◎(”,θ)={x∈Rn−{0}; ∠(x,v)<θ, x・v≦1回12}. We denote the sets obtained fromΩ@,b)and◎(v,θ)by the parallel translation from. the origin to a point p by Stp(v, b)and◎p(v,θ), respec− tively. Fig.1・ y711循αの
7(品) (i)き≦・6<1 Y= bx2 Ic1y
y=6♂
γ(1 1 7(1/vliab) α κ1 γ( 2α6 )・ ¢ (ii)0・477…≦・b<}74
C▲ucmr TYPE THEOIunIy=6エ2
1 y・ r κ1 γ(1/v’Gqb)/
(1. @ ,γ 0〃7・・@αb
1‘ 1 α0
γ(語)∵・ 工(iii)吉≦・b<0・477…
、. 工 1π. ♂6 =y
≠ 1 ⋮ 77訪,/ 4 / T ・ ノ5 04ブ7 ’ , ’ ,’ ︶ ’ ,r.皇. ’ ,7雨 ‘㌃一46二 ’︶.⊥鋤駅 ゜﹁︰﹄、 ﹁ 吟 f 芦 、τ び ’0
c、・.(三・)牟く・b<毒
§2・A CauchY , ype theorem on otdinary di丑brential equations・
Letσ⊂Rn−a丑dγ⊂Rm be connected open subsets and W⊂σbe
aO1−subma tiifold with dim VV<n. Let 『一. F: σ×γ→丑π ・aπld G:. (び一『]レ1づ×γ→Rm1T・.’OTS研【1 be・Oi 7mapPings,、We.consider、.the differentia1 equatigns
(2・・) 誓一鞠い一・,…,・,〉
篭α一σ・⑭α一1,∵二担,
where F=(Fl,… 1)Fn)and(7=(G1,… ,Gm). SinCe F and C are.C1− class, it is clear that(2.1)has.d unique solution(xi(り,Yα(り)throughxo∈σ一W, yo∈γand d6pending on them of O1−class. We want to
treat solutions through xo∈W, yo∈γ. Fbr this purpose, we consider’ theπ二vectors and lm−veCtors as fbllows: … 「’ ・・Fi−(莞・票・…・勤
’,∂・Fi〒傷・1曇・…・蒜)
onσ×γand
∂・G・一(∂Gα∂σα ∂σα∂Xl’∂¢2”∂Xn)・∂・c・一(蒜α・蒜α・…謝
・n(σ一w)×γ.
.Now, fbr a point(xo,yo)∈W×γwe suppose that.(22) ’・F(・・,y・)¢Tx。死1
And fbrδ(0<δ<1)andθ(0<θ<琴)we suppose that
(2・3){9:ll::1荒。(霊1三㌶。,,。)II,θ)∩W一の
a皿d (2.4) ll∂xFi ll≦NI and II∂y民ll≦N2, (2.5) . ”ll∂llGαll≦ハ41 and ll∂診Gαll≦ハ42’,for i=1,2,…,πandα=1,2,…,mand
(2.6) liσ(iC,y)一:H(。。ly。llk L、11。一。。ll+L、11;二y。ll・・ ・n(Bn(X。,δ)∩◎。。(F(¢。,’y。)/llF(¢。,y。)II,θ))×Bm(y。,δ). 75’76
C▲UCHY TYPE r EORE貰 The condition(2.4)may be sti ppot’ted.naturally丘o血the condition for Fbut(2.5)and(2.6)are essential and additional requirements f()r G. (2.6)imp五es , }鴻G(x(t)・y(t))=∬(Xo・yo) fbr any cllrve¢(りstarting from元o and ’ih Bn(Xo,δ)∩◎xo(F(x6,yo)/11F(¢o,yo)‖,θ) and y(t)starting fξom yo inγ・ THEOREM 1.砺tder the condition (2.2ノ∼イ2.のt九e system Of differ− ・nti・1・gu・ti・n・(2.1ノ克・・a unigu・ s・luti・n(x(t),y(t))for O≦t≦δ・ witんx(0)・=x。, y(0)=y。, wん…δ3 i・α迦加・c・π吻励娠・九i・ deterη}ined編the beginning{ザ‘九e proOf. PROOF. We use the method of So called Cauchy approximation. R)r simplicity, set七ing κ=max{1V、,N2,M・,M2,L・,L2}, E=:mα¢{llF(Xe,yo)ll,llH(XO,yo)ll}, letδ2 be the positive number such that(・) δ・+δ砺κ一嘉
and b be the constant defined by (2).@b4榔襟毒癖)Kδ2)・
where g is the function: (3) 9(x)=:(eX−x−1)
−占一り白X2
f()rX≠0,
for X=0,
which is/in O<X<∞. In the following, we .may.put K≠0. Then, we choose positive constants夫o andδ3’such that ko as fbllows: (4)Ω・・(k・F(x・・y・)・b)⊂Bn(x・・δ)∩◎・・(F(x・・y・)/IIF(x・・Yg)11・θ)・ 1 ko llF(XO,yo)llb<T. OTSUKI’ andδ3 a8 fbllows: (5) δ・≦mi・{llF(。:,。)II・ll恥1,,。)ll・先・}・ (6) . tt δ3≦δ2,
(7) δ、(∨⊆+㎡㌃)K〈1,
(8) δ・+緬κ+1緬砺+>tll)頁・≦嘉,
where we omit the second component in the right hand side in(5)when ∬(XO,yo)=0. First, we put (9) ・(1;t)=x。+tF(x。,y。), y(1;t) ly。+田(・。,y。) f…≦t≦mi・{ δllF(x。,y。)ll・llH(。1,,。)ll・k・}一・δ・・ 丘om which we see x(1;t)∈Bn(Xo,δ)∩ΩZo(瓦oF(Xo,yo),6)and
y(1;t)∈B”1(yo,δ) fbr O<t≦δ1. Then, we defi已e x(2;毒)and y(2;t)by(・・)ぱ;:;1綴lll;:19111㌃
&)rO<t≦δ1, whe・e we put c・nventi・nany G(x・., y・)=∬(¢・,y・)・Then, we・hav・ ・(2・t)一・(・・t)−f。t{F(・(…)・y(…))−F(鋤}d・ and, fbr the components, by(2.3)∼(2.4),(4)we have 匡(2・り一・1(・・り1≦f,‘IFi(・(…)・y(…))一恥・・y・)ld・ ≦f。t(N、Ilx(1;r)…ll+’N・Ily(…)−y・・11)d・・ ≦;(N・・11F(!・,y・’)II ・+ N・ 11H(q・,・・)ll)≦t・KE,77
78
CAUCHY−TYPE THEOREHa取danalogously
−−y・(…)1≦ル・ll・(…)一・ll+・L・U・(…)−y・IDd・
≦姜(L・llF(・・,y・)ll+L・llH(・・,刷)≦醐 theref()re we obtain(・・) {ll㌫:榴1ほ:濃霊
We have七〇 check whether x(2;t)(t>0)belongs to the above mentioned domainΩエo(ko F(xo,yo), b). We see that the condition: t・∼/T・1〈E〈lblltF(X・,y・)ll2 is equivalent to b>2∼㌃KID/llF(Xo,yo)ll2, which turns out by(2) 2P((.vlli+V偏)Kδ2)>1 and is satisfied§ince《ρ(x):>1/2 f()t X>0.‘We haVe also t・ t tF(X。,y。)=−k。F(X。,y。)’冨aPd冨≦1 fbr O<t≦δ3. Regarding y(2;.t), by(1)we have二 . .㌍(¢。馴+オ2v㌃斑≦Sδ・’
f・r O〈t≦・δ2・H・m(11),we 5・e that・… .
(・2){溜:霊器翌:蕊:∼蕊㎞’y°)’ b)’
for O〈t≦δ3. N・w・W・d・卑・三・d・・t‘・・1y(・3)..,{㌶:㍍麗3㌫
T.OTsbi【1
f・・O〈t≦δ、,元≧2,
supposmg
(14) x(」;£)∈Ω。。(k。施。,y。),b),’y(」;t)∈B柵(y。,δ)and
(15) ll・(元;t)−x(」−1;t)11≦美繭砺+〉’EI)」−2K・”1E・ 〈16) lly(」;り一y(ゴー1;釧1≦そ毒」〉㌃(∼nn+∼偏)」−2Kゴー2E・ Th㎝, w・・b・・i・fr・rr}(・4),(・5)・nd(・6)as・brf・・e’ llx(」+・;t)−x(ゴ;t)II≦(」辛、)!毒」+1Vli(va+石)」“1K」E・ 1,1・y(」+・;t)−y(ゴ;釧1≦(」』、)!老」+1石(∼偏+嘱)」一’K」E・・ from whi,ch we obtain l随+・・り一・(・・釧1≦2・2・V’EKE{i+☆(N/’fi+・/Tm)Kt +4÷2((・,,,’lil+砺)2+…+(ゴ辛、)!((V’E + “v/FI)Kt)・一・}<2t2>儒KEg((∼濡+∨li)1〈t)’
≦2緬κ勒((、En+、偏)κδ、)f。r・〈’ t”S 6、.∴
糀s㏄th就th
秩@O・di・ti・n・・ 2t・,偏叫((、nn+両κδ,)≦ibll・F(。。,y。)ll・ is equivalent to b≧4・、/liKEg((vCI’十vi”)κδ5)/11F(。。,y。)ll・, which turlls out9((砺+、ZTm)Kδ、)≧ψ価+而κδ、)
79
80
CAUCHY MH THEOREH
1)y(2)and satis丘ed by(6)and the inCreaSingness of g(X). Therefbrewe obtain
・(」+1;t)∈Ω。∂(k・F(・・,y・),S旬 ⊂Ω。。(k。F(¢。,y・),6)fbr Od≦δ3・ Next, we obtain analogously fbr O〈t≦δ311y(」+1;り一y。ll≦tE+オゴ∼/TmκE°
+1¢・・噺+嘱)κ2E+…+昊・」・品+・/Tm)」−2κ」−1E
+( 2」+1)!・」+1>’li(G+石戸一1頁」E≦{63+δ妬K+iδ妬(va+・「・)κ2}E
+2δ・・n・{6δ9(・/’1+・,,/EI)2κ2+… +(」:、)!δ1(・nn+va)・一・κ・一・}KE・When j=2, we have
lly(3;t)−y。・ll≦{δ、+δ9V’FIK+1δ9・“+・n・)κ・}E≦;
by(8). Whenゴ>2, we have『’・lly(」+…)−y・ll<;+2δ1・ITm{6+…+(」』、)!}KE
<;+δ(去+ま+…)
δ δ
5 53 2
<豆+i互×互=蕊δ〈5δ
1)y(8).Therefbre, we obtain y(」+1;t>∈Bin(y。’…δ)⊂Bm(y。,δ)’f…O〈t≦δ・・T. (rTSUKI.・ Thus, gathering these things we obtain (・7)
o:1::1:識蹴6Σ.
0<¢≦δ、,」≧2:
Finaily, by means of(15)and(16)we obta桓fbr O<ガ≦δ31=, II・(ゴ・t)一・(ゴー…川≦v’fil〈E{⊇9(va+Wt)κ
+…+昊δ{(“・i!li+va)・一・K・一・+…} <v IKEδz{ 2 21+苗+…+万+…}<2(・−2)VliKEδ;
and ana1・9・usly Σll・(」・り一y(」一・・りll<2(・・2)石KEδ鍵, 」=2which imply
(18)by u㎡form convergen㏄and
(19) 五mx(」;t)=x(り and 工im y(ゴ;t)=y(の 」→◎O J→oo x(の∈ΩZo(ko F(¢o,yo), b) and y(t)∈Bm(yo,δ)fbr O◇≦δ3.
Th・・ef・re・f「・m(13)・(18)and(19)W・btain ・ (20)and
・(・)…+f,1F(・(・)・y(・))d・炸y・+顯G(x(」;ア),y(」;7))d・
一・・+ ?Ctσ(・(・)・・(・))∂・ +㍊‘{G(x(」;τ),y(」・・))一σ(・(・)・・(・))}d・ 81・82
CAUCHY TYPE・THEOREH fbr O<£≦δ3. By means of(2.5),(4);’(15),(16),・(17)and(19),’we haVe伽0〈ア≦δ3 ・・、 _・..・ 1.・.
llG(x(」;・),y(」;τ))−G(,,1(・),y(・))ll l ≦∼/Tm(M、 llx(」;・)−x(・)ll+M,・ll’y(」;・)−si(・)ID>≦・願妬+・⑳儲)!・・+’・(∨㌃+v偏)・一・κ!一・
一+(∫』2)!・・+2(命石畑+…}KE・、
and hence
ll fot{G(¢(」; γ)e y(」; γ)) − G(¢」三), y(τ))}dT il ≦・偏輌+嚇{ 2(ゴ+2)!t’+2(va+“・/’FII)ゴー1K・−1+(;+3)!・…(”,/’E+疏」+…}KE −
≦∼偏(〉麺+∼偏妬)2t3
・{(」:2)!+(」辛3)!+…}KE・ 丘om whi《力we bbtain ∵.. ’・’ ・’ ・ 訂{G(・(」・・)・・(ゴ・・))−G(・(・);・(・))}d・一・一 ‘ 1て ∵ . .t. . ・ ・㌃・and hence
(2・) ・(t)刊・+f,‘G(・(・)・・(・))d・・一”“
(20)and(21)・h・w・th・t・’・(t) ana’ y(t)(0≦i≦δ、)iも…1・ti…f(2ユ). Finally, we prove the皿iqueness of solutions. Let(bl(t),y(t))be an− other solution・We obtain easily fbr X(t)『る(t)−x(t),γ(t)=y(t)−y(t) the fbllowhg illequalities:∵ ,, 馳… . L ’ ∵ llx(t)ll≦疏∠㍉x(・)lld・ + N2’f,㍉γ(・)‖d・), lly(t)ll≦VFI(Mi f,1 ’11X(・)lld・+弓‖y(・)Ud・)・.T. OTSUKI
83
Setting Z(t):=llX(t)ll十IIY(t)ll,we obtainz(t)≦(砺+va)Kf。‘z(・)d・
f()r O<t≦δS.’Setting
ζ(t)イz(飾
we obtain
dζ(t) =Z(t); ζ(0)=Odt
and
fZS,ll!lt)一両・r・)κζ(t)・−x(t)≦・・ Since X(t)is continuous in O≦t≦δ3,we obtain ζ(t)一・xp{(・,/1+・偏岡f。’exp{一(va+・偏)K・}・(・)d・・ Which implieSζ(り≦Ofbr O≦t≦δ3・賢om the definition of Z(1), we have Z(t)≧Oand henceζ(t)≧0. Therefbre, it must beζ(t)≡Ofor O≦t≦δ3,from which we obtain Z(t)≡O and hence T(t)=x(t) and y(t)=y(t) for O≦t≦δ3. Q.E.D.§3.APPlications.
As an applica土ion of、Theoremユ, we consider the geodesics of a ma㎡一 fbld Mπwith a,general connection r near a point of sing r. We.suppose that a connected component Wm of sing r is a smooth submanifold ’ 盾dimension m<π. Fbr a point¢o∈VVm,{♂,…,♂}be a local co−
ordinate system near xo. A geodesic 7 through¢o is a solution of the di丑erential equations: …・ . : ・, (3.1)ΣP/r
jd2xj
ds2
ds ds j,九 . i=1,2,… 『,n.+Σrl、
dxj{dxh =0,84
C且UCHY T1【PE THEOIUIHPutting
(3.2)dxt i
冨=y
and筈一zi,
the above equations are represented as (3.3) ΣP/r・」+Σr;・y」y九一〇・ 」 あ九 Differentiating these, we obtain (3.4) Let 7: (3.5)蹄一一妄(;藷+r;・+r;、)yhZ・
● 斥y
九y
..Jy
九 ・8.Jr
∂ た ∂Σ榔
一xi=xi
is)with xo=(xi(0))and suppose 7’i0)¢TXo wm・ 7ca皿be considered as a solution of(3.2) at s=0・Since outside sing r, det(P/r)ニ: there‘ as and(3.4)whiCh satis丘es(3.3) H(x)≠0,(3.4)can be written (3.6) 芸一{Σξ1」(x)y九・」 」,ゐ +Σ弓、、(x)y九y駆}/H(司 ゴ,克,斥by means of the・Cramer formula on determin皿ts, whereξ1」(x)and
ζえ、」(・)・・e・m・・th f皿・ti・n・?f x1,…・♂・and th・1・tt・・i・ sy㎜m・t・i・ with respect to九,先,ゴ. Putt口19 (3.7) yi i0)=ai and zt(0):=bi,we have
(3.8)Σ・・£、¢鬼wm
i〆T’◆eTSUkl.kt f−’・ 85 and㌧『 . 7 .、 . ・、 ・;. : ・ ,=
(3.9) ΣP/r(・。)θ+Σr}、1・。)・元・元一・㌧㌔’;
」 、」パ...、.、, ’
by(3.5)皿d(3.3). R・garding di・田wi加1・・,、(3.9)h・・…1・ti・n・6・if and only if ・anls(P/r(x。))一・孤k(巧6。),Σr;、㈲・」♂). 」,ゐ Especially, if」円(xo)=0, then it must be Σr;、(x。)・」・・−01f・・i−1,2,…,・, 」,克 and 63 ca皿be taken.any rea工numbers. Now, we oonsider(¢りa取d(yt,zt)as(¢‘)a皿d(Yα)and (3.10) F8(x;y,z) G1(x;y,z) Gら(x;y,z) =yt,tzi
={Σ」,克ξ;」(¢)yゐ2」 +Σ」,緑ζjA」(x)y九y㌔1}/1(¢)慧(x,y)and Cα(x,yhave)’nThe°「em1’V迦gthen°tat’ ’nThe°「em
(3.11) ll∂劣F811=O a皿d ll∂ω,z)F¶=1, (3.12) ll∂エCl llニO and ll∂(y,z)Gl ll=1, (3・・3)@幽H蔦艦)・ゐ・」
+蕊艦)ywll・
(3.・4)ll妬,。)GSII−ll({Σ・6i,(・)・・+3Σζ融・}/ll(・), i 夫・」 ヨ {Σ 6i,(・)y克}/n(・))止 . ロ . み . 、 「86
CLUCEY.’TYPE T田IOREH With respect to the loca1 coordinates xi,x2,…,xn,δ(0<δ<1)andθ(0<θ〈g)such that on
if we can choose Bn(x・・δ)∩◎x・(llill・θ) and 」B2n((α;b),6) there eXist positive numbers.Mi,」U2,Ll,L2 (3.15) Il∂劣Gi ll≦Mland
ll∂(y,z)and HS(Xo;α, b)as 、 Gi 11≦M2,
and
(3.16) 11G2(x;y,z)−H2(x・;α,b)11 <五111x−x611十L2‖(y一α,2−b)ll, then there exis七asolutionsピ(3)of(3.1)such thatt’ti0)=::x6, dxi .d。(o)〒・㌧