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山陰地方の地震帯の応力場 Stress field in and around the seismic belt in the San-in district

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山陰地方の地震帯の応力場

Stress field in and around the seismic belt of the San’in district, Japan

飯尾能久・地殻ダイナミクスプロジェクト

Yoshihisa IIO, Crustal dynamics project

One of the main purposes of the “Crust Dynamics” project is to clarify the absolute value of the differential stress in the intraplate region in the Japanese Island. It was suggested that the stress field changed near Akita prefecture before and after the Tohoku earthquake. If this reflects the temporal change due to the Tohoku earthquake, the absolute value of the differential stress was considered to be very small. In this project, we conduct detailed investigations on the stress field in the Tohoku region and conducted similar investigations in the San-in area, where the crustal structure is relatively simple. We tried to clarify whether or not there was temporal change of the stress field before and after the earthquake.

Regarding this problem, it is pointed out that the stress field is different on both sides of the fault near the southern end of the aftershock area from the joint aftershock observation data of the Western Tottori Prefecture earthquake, and it is similar to the pattern of stress change due to earthquake slip. This suggests that the differential stress is very small, and we verified it from the earthquake data in the seismic zone in the San'in district. The main data used is based on the joint aftershock observation team on the Central Tottori Prefecture earthquake. As a result, a pattern of stress field harmonized with the change due to earthquake slip was observed in a wide region near both ends of the fault, and a differential stress of about was estimated to be 40 MPa at a depth of 4 km near the southern end of the fault. Assuming a hydrostatic pressure, this value corresponds to a friction coefficient of about 0.3. A similar tendency was observed also in the reanalysis of the data of the Western Tottori Prefecture earthquake. It was revealed that the differential stress in the seismogenic region is much smaller than those estimated in the past, in the San - in seismic zone where the crustal structure is considered to be relatively homogeneous.

科研費新学術領域(H26-30)「地殻ダイナミクス」 プロジェクトの主な目的の一つは、日本列島内陸 に働く差応力の大きさを明らかにすることである。 東北沖地震前後で秋田県付近において応力場が変 化 し た 可 能 性 が 示 唆 さ れ て い た (Yoshida et al.,2012)。これが、東北沖地震による時間変化に よるものならば、内陸に働く差応力はこれまで言 われているものよりも桁違いに小さいことになる。 このプロジェクトでは、応力場について、東北地 方で詳細な調査を行うとともに、地殻構造が比較 的単純であり応力場の空間変化が小さいと考えら れる山陰地方の地震帯で同様の調査を行い、大地 震前後の応力場の時間変化の有無を明らかにしよ うとした。 この問題は、そもそも、2000 年鳥取県西部地震 の合同余震観測データから、余震域南端付近にお いて、断層の両側で応力場が異なっており、地震 すべりによる応力変化のパターンと良く似ている という指摘(Yukutake et al.,2007)がきっかけと なっている。このことは差応力が非常に小さいこ とを示唆しており、今回、山陰地方の地震帯で得 られた地震データを総合してその検証を行った。 用いた主なデータは、鳥取県中部地震に関する 京大防災研、九州大学、東大地震研の合同余震観 測班によるものである(飯尾・他, 2018)。その結 果、断層の両端付近の広い範囲において地震すべ りによる変化と調和的な応力場のパターンが見ら れ、断層の南端付近深さ 4km では 40MPa 程度の差 応力が推定された。これは、静水圧を仮定して摩 擦係数に換算すると 0.3 程度の値となる。鳥取県 西部地域においても同様の値が推定された。地殻 構造が比較的均質と考えられる山陰の地震帯にお いて、地震発生域の差応力が従来言われているよ りもずっと小さいことが明らかになった。 謝辞:防災科学技術研究所、気象庁、各大学のデ ータを使わせて頂きました。

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