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Title 起業プロセスにおける知識と組織の共進化 : Jリーグ
・アルビレックス新潟の事例研究
Author(s) 丸山, 一芳
Citation
Issue Date 2014‑03
Type Thesis or Dissertation Text version ETD
URL http://hdl.handle.net/10119/12091 Rights
Description Supervisor:梅本 勝博, 知識科学研究科, 博士
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Co-evo lution of K nowledg e and Organi z ation in the Entrep reneu ria l Proce ss : A Case Study of A lbi re x Niig ata Footba ll C lub
Kazu yo shi Maru ya ma Scho o l o f Kno w ledge Sc ie nce
Japa n Ad va nc ed Inst it ut e o f Sc ie nce a nd Techno lo g y
K eyword s: co-evo lution, know ledg e evo lution, organi zation a l evo lution , ent rep reneu ria l pro ce ss
Aft er t he so -ca lled “Lo st Two Decades” a nd t he Great East Japa n Eart hquak e, reco nst ruct ing t he Japa nese eco no my is urge nt . Reviva l o f large Japa nese co mpa nie s is impo rt ant fo r t hat go al.
Mo reo ver , to creat e new indu st ries t hro ugh st art -up ve nt ure co mpa nie s is impo rt ant as we ll t o revit a lize t he d imin is h ing J apa ne se eco no my d ue to t he lo w -b irt h rat e and gra ying po pu lat io n . Yet , t he rat e o f ne w st art -up vent ures a nd t he ir s ur viva l rat e are lo w in Jap a n. There fo re, po lic ie s to st imu lat e ent repre neur s hip a nd to he lp st art -up co mpa nie s gro w int o fu ll y-gro wn o rganizat io ns are mo st st ro ng ly requ ire d. To t hat end , bet t er underst a nd ing o f t he ent repre neur - ia l pro ces s is need ed.
The purpo ses o f t his ca se st ud y are: ( 1) to bu ild a t heo ret ica l mo de l o f t he e n t repreneur ia l pro cess by a na lyz ing ho w Alb ir e x N iig at a Foo t ba ll C lu b, a pro fessio na l so ccer t eam in t he t o p le ve l o f J Le ague, ha s e vo lved fro m a ne t wo rk o f ind iv idua ls int o a fu ll y-gro wn o rganiz at io n and (2) to draw pract ic a l imp lic at io ns t o he lp so lve pract ica l pro ble ms in t he e nt repreneur ia l pro cess fro m t he ca se a na lys is. To guid e the re sear c h pro cess a nd draw t heo ret ic a l imp lic at io ns, we set t he Ma jo r Re searc h Que st io n (MR Q) : Ho w has a net wo rk o f in d iv idua ls e vo lve d int o an o rganizat io n?
Our lit erat ure review o n e nt repreneurship, o rganizat io n t heo ry, leader ship, and kno w ledg e ma nage me nt sho wed t hat t here exist a lo t o f lit erat ure o n t he ent repre neur ia l pro cess fro m su c h o rganizat io na l viewpo int s as net wo rk ana lys is, e nt repre neur ia l t ea m, a nd o rganiz at io na l gro wt h.
On t he o t her ha nd, ho we ver, researc h o n t he ent repreneur ia l pro cess fro m t he kno w led ge perspe ct ive s is st ill rare a nd re ma in s o n t he le ve l o f ju st pro po sing co nce pt s. To fu lly u nder - st and a nd e xp la in t he e nt repre neur ia l pro cess, w e need bo t h e mp ir ic a l a nd t heo ret ic a l st ud ies a s we ll as st ud ies fro m bo t h o rganizat io na l and k no w le dge per spe ct ive s. As suc h, t his st ud y has hig h no ve lt y a nd o r ig ina lit y.
Our case a na lysis re vea led t hat in t he be g inn ing p hase o f t he e nt repre neur ia l pro cess, t here was a n info r ma l net wo rk o f ind iv idu a ls who ha ve d iffere nt exp er ie nt ia l k no w le dge in t he ir d iffere nt o ccupat io na l fie lds. As a n ide a o f creat ing a pro fe ssio na l fo o t ba ll c lu b in N iigat a to br ing Wo r ld Cu p ga me s t here beca me c le arer and shar ed by t ho se ind iv idu a ls, gat her ing s o f a n in fo r ma l na me le ss gro up were freque nt ly he ld t o discu ss t he idea . The n, t he “Preparat io n O ffice fo r t he Set t ing-Up o f a Pro fe ss io na l Fo o t ba ll C lu b” w as o ffic ia lly fo r med as a n e nt re- preneur ia l t ea m b y ma in me mbers o f t he info r ma l gro up. Fina lly, t he t ea m e vo lve d int o an o rganizat io n by inco rpo rat ing t he Alb ire x N iigat a Fo ot ba ll C lu b, w hic h grew furt her int o an mu lt inat io na l o rganiz at io n a s it set up it s sat e llit e t ea ms in S ing apo re, Barce lo na, and Phno m Penh. In t he e vo lut io nar y pro ce ss fro m a net wo rk to a gro up, fro m a gro up to a t eam, and fro m
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a t ea m t o an o rganiz at io n, var io u s k ind s o f k no w ledge were cr eat ed, shared a nd ut iliz ed. Fir st , t here was a kno w -w ho net wo rk o f ind ividu a ls w ho had k no w ledg e re le va nt t o a visio n o f set t ing up a new pro fe s s io na l fo o t ba ll c lu b, t here b y br ing ing Wo r ld Cup g a mes to Niig at a.
The vis io nar y k no w le dge w as share d by ind iv idua ls w ho spo nt a neo usly fo r med a gro up to d iscu ss ho w to make t he vis io n a rea lit y. The n, t he gro up beca me a t ea m to o ffic ia lly set up t he fo o t ba ll c lu b. The t ea m cre at ed var io us kinds o f kno w ledge su c h as art ic le s of t he ne w l y inco rpo rat ed Alb ire x N iigat a Fo ot ba ll C lub a nd a co ncept o f “fu ll cap ac it y st rat eg y” and it s t act ic s b y ut iliz ing t ea m me mbers’ e xper ie nt ia l k no w ledge a ccu mu lat ed t hro ugho ut t he ir careers.
As fo r t heo ret ica l imp licat io ns, we propo sed a t heo ret ica l mo de l e nt it led “ Co -evo lut io n o f Kno w ledg e a nd Orga niz at io n in t he Ent repre neur ia l Pro cess . ” This mo de l e xp la in s t he e nt re- preneur ia l pro cess by lo o k ing at it s t wo d ime nsio ns: i. e., kno w ledg e a nd o rganiza t io n. In t he kno w ledge d ime nsio n, k no w led ge e vo lve s fro m “d isp ersed k no w ledge, ” t o “co lle ct ed kno w l- edge, ” t o “a sma ll bo d y o f int e grat ed kno wledge, ” a nd t o “a large bo d y o f int egrat ed kno w l- edge. ” In t he o rganizat io na l d ime nsio n, a st art -up ve nt ure co mpa ny e vo lves fro m a “net wo rk”
o f ind iv id ua ls, t o a “gro up” o f se le ct ed ind ivid ua ls, t o a “t ea m” o f t he se lect ed ind ividu a ls, a nd fina lly t o a fu lly-gro wn “o rga nizat io n” o f t o p-ma nage me nt a nd fu nct io na l t ea ms. These t wo set s o f fo ur phase s are ju xt apo sed in p ara lle l a nd int eract s w it h eac h o t her: i. e., dispersed kno w ledge vs a net wo rk o f ind iv idu a ls, co lle ct ed kno w ledge vs a gro up o f se lect ed ind iv id ua ls, a s ma ll bo d y o f int egrat ed kno w le dge vs a t eam o f se le ct ed ind iv idu a ls, and a la rge bo d y o f int e grat ed kno w ledge vs a fu lly -gro wn o rganiz at io n.
As fo r pract ic a l imp lic at io ns, to increa se t he nu mber o f st art -up new ve nt ure compa n ies a nd t he ir surviva l rat e in t he f ir st five ye ars a nd t o he lp t he m gro w int o o rganiz at io ns list ed o n t he st o ck market , t he fo llo w ing act io ns are ne eded. First , net wo rking ind iv idu a ls re leva nt to any ne w busine ss idea s t hro ugh dat abas es o n p ro fe ssio na ls a nd e xpert s , who ha ve r ic h k no w ledge in ma n y fie ld s a nd co u ld he lp eac h o t her . Seco nd, o pening rea l a nd/o r virt ua l me et ing a nd d iscu ssio n p la ce s o r ba to att ract ind iv idua ls w ho are int erest ed in p art icu lar new bu sine ss ide as, t here by cre at ing gro ups to discu ss t ho se ide as. Suc h gro ups co uld e merge by s et t ing up regu lar gat her ing e ve nt s int o whic h ma n y ind iv id ua ls p art ic ipat e fro m d iffer e nt indu st ries . Fina lly, sug gest io ns fo r fut ure researc h are as fo llo w s. Fir st , t he pro po sed t heo ret ic a l mo de l s ho u ld be t est ed by o t her case s, part icu lar ly c ase s in o t her busine sse s t o refine o r mo d ify it . Seco nd, t his c ase ca n a nd s ho u ld be e x a mine d fro m t he viewpo int s o f so c ia l bu sine ss a nd so c ia l inno vat io n bec ause Alb ire x N iig at a st art ed as a mea ns fo r regio na l d e ve lo p me nt a nd has gro wn int o a reg io na l sp o rt s c lu b t hat a lso in c lu des suc h spo rt s as fo ot ba ll, ba sket ba ll, base ba ll, sk iing & s no wbo ard ing, t rack & fie ld at hlet ics, a nd c he er lead ing.
