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要 旨 観察視点の違いが運動学習に与える影響

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要 旨

観察視点の違いが運動学習に与える影響

横田龍樹

ヒトが他者の行動を観察することで自身の行動に影響を与えることがある.メジャーリー ガーのイチロー選手は「自分のバッティングに影響するため下手な人のバッティングは見た くない」と発言している.しかし,観察する視点が変わった時の影響については未だ検討さ れていない。本研究では観察視点の違いが運動学習に与える影響について検討した.運動学 習の対象として力場の外乱のかかった状況でのリーチング課題を用いた.被験者は外乱がか かっていない状況での試行を 60回行い,その後,他者が外乱を学習している様子を観察し た.観察中,ビデオ内の被験者の気持ちになってカーソルや腕の動きに注目するように強く 教示した.その後,外乱がかかった状況での試行を120回行いこれを評価した.観察視点の 条件として,自分視点,反対視点,他者視点と観察しないコントロールの4条件を設定して 行った.その結果,反対視点を除く他の条件では前半から学習が進んでいたが,反対視点の み中盤から学習が進み,学習時期に遅れが見られた.その要因として,リーチングを行う運 動方向,外乱により生じるエラーの方向,観察立場と課題を行う立場の3つの一致不一致が 考えられた.そこで要因の切り分けを行うため実験2を実施した.実験2ではミラー条件と 反転条件の2つを行った.被験者はどちらの条件も反対視点の映像を左右反転させたものを 観察した.ミラー条件では映像を鏡を見るように観察することを強く教示した.反転視点は 映像内の被験者に気持ちになって腕,カーソルの動きに注目して観察することを強く教示し た.その結果,2つの条件ともに前半から学習が進んでいた.これらの結果より,外乱によ り生じるエラーの方向が結果に影響を与えていることが考えられる.ヒトが他者の行動を観 察し動作を学習する際,外乱により生じるエラーの方向が不一致であると,学習に対し抑制 的な効果があることが示唆された.

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キーワード 運動学習,観察視点,外乱,学習時期

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Abstract

The effect of different viewpoints on motor learning

Ryuki Yokota

When we observe action performed by others, it affects our behavior. Ichiro Suzuki is a baseball player in Major League Baseball. He said that he does not watch the poor batters batting, because it affects his batting performance. However, the effect of different viewpoint has not been studied yet. In this study, I examined the effect of different viewpoints on motor learning. I used reaching task in the force field for motor learning. Subjects were asked to guide the cursor to targets 60 times in the no force field. Next, they observed video depicting another person learning a force field. They were instructed to focus on the cursor and arm movement while they observed the video.

Thereafter, they were again asked to guide the cursor to targets 120 times in the force field. I prepared 4 viewpoint conditions, that is, self-viewpoint, opposite-viewpoint, other-viewpoint and not observed (control condition). The results showed that learning started from the middle period in opposite-viewpoint condition, while learning stared from the first period in other conditions. As the reason for this, I thought 3 factors, that is, the direction of reaching movement, the direction of error caused by the force field and the consistency between view point and behavior point. I did experiment 2 in order to separate 3 factors. I conducted mirror-condition and reverse-condition in experiment 2. Subjects observed the video in which opposite-viewpoints image was flipped. Mirror- condition group was instructed to watch the video like seeing mirror. Reverse-condition group was instructed to focus on the cursor and arm movement. The result showed that learning started from the first period in both condition. These results suggest that

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error direction by the force field affects the onset of motor leaning. The observation of opposite error direction by the force field might inhibit motor learning.

key words Motor Learning, Viewpoint, Force Field, Learning Timing

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