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(1)

Maximal 0-1-fillings of moon polyominoes with restricted chain lengths and rc-graphs

Martin Rubey

March 8, 2011

(2)

maximal 0-1 fillings of a moon polyomino M with longest north-east chain having length k

(eg.,k-triangulations,k-noncrossing partitions)

can be identified with

an interval in the poset generated by chute moves of rc-graphs

(also known as pipe dreams)

associated with a certain permutation ω(M , k )

(3)

moon polyominoes

I apolyomino is a finite subset ofN2, elements are called cells

I it is convexif for any two cells in a row or column all elements of N2 between them are also cells

I it is intersection-freeif for every pair of columns

the set of row coordinates of the cells of one column contains the set of row coordinates of the cells of the other:

is notintersection-free.

I amoon polyomino is a convex and intersection-free polyomino:

(4)

moon polyominoes

I apolyomino is a finite subset ofN2, elements are called cells

I it is convexif for any two cells in a row or column all elements of N2 between them are also cells

I it is intersection-freeif for every pair of columns

the set of row coordinates of the cells of one column contains the set of row coordinates of the cells of the other:

isnot intersection-free.

(5)

moon polyominoes

I apolyomino is a finite subset ofN2, elements are called cells

I it is convexif for any two cells in a row or column all elements of N2 between them are also cells

I it is intersection-freeif for every pair of columns

the set of row coordinates of the cells of one column contains the set of row coordinates of the cells of the other:

isnot intersection-free.

I amoon polyomino is a convex and intersection-free polyomino:

(6)

fillings and chains

Considerfillingsof the cells of a moon polyomino with balls:

• •

• • •

• • • • • •

• • • •

• • • • •

I each entry is strictly north-eastof its predecessor and

I the smallest rectangle containing all of them is completely contained in the polyomino.

• •

• • •

• • • • • •

• • • •

• • • • •

• •

• • •

• • • • • •

• • • •

• • • • • a chain of length 2 not a chain

(7)

fillings and chains

Considerfillingsof the cells of a moon polyomino with balls:

• •

• • •

• • • • • •

• • • •

• • • • •

Anorth-east chainis a sequence of non-empty cells such that

I each entry is strictly north-eastof its predecessor and

I the smallest rectangle containing all of them is completely contained in the polyomino.

• •

• • •

• • • • • •

• • • •

• • • • •

• •

• • •

• • • • • •

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• • • • • a chain of length 2 not a chain

(8)

LetF01ne(M,k,r) be the set of 0-1 fillings ofM with r balls and longest north-east chain having lengthk.

LetF01ne M,k,(r1,r2, . . .)

be the subset of F01ne(M,k,P

ri) with ri balls in row i.

• •

• • •

• • • • • •

• • • •

• • • • • is inF01ne M,2,(2,3,6,4,5)

.

(9)

fillings and chains

LetF01ne(M,k,r) be the set of 0-1 fillings ofM with r balls and longest north-east chain having lengthk.

LetF01ne M,k,(r1,r2, . . .)

be the subset of F01ne(M,k,P

ri) with ri balls in row i.

Theorem (2007)

Let M1 and M2 be moon polyominoes obtained from each other by rearranging columns. Then

#F01ne M1,k,(r1,r2, . . .)

= #F01ne M2,k,(r1,r2, . . .) Corollary

all have the same number of0-1fillings with r balls, for any k.

(10)

LetF01ne(M,k,r) be the set of 0-1 fillings ofM with r balls and longest north-east chain having lengthk.

LetF01ne M,k,(r1,r2, . . .)

be the subset of F01ne(M,k,P

ri) with ri balls in row i.

Theorem (2007)

Let M1 and M2 be moon polyominoes obtained from each other by rearranging columns. Then

#F01ne M1,k,(r1,r2, . . .)

= #F01ne M2,k,(r1,r2, . . .)

Theorem (2010, following Serrano and Stump)

Let S1 and S2 be stack polyominoes obtained from each other by rearranging columns and fix k. Then, forP

ri maximal, F01ne S1,k,(r1,r2, . . .) bij

←→ F01ne S2,k,(r1,r2, . . .)

(11)

rc-graphs

Apipe dream for a permutationω is a filling ofN2 with

I elbow joints ( ) and

I a finite number of crosses( ), such that

I a pipe entering from above in column i exits left in rowω−1(i) If every pair of pipes crosses at most once the pipe dream isreduced (or anrc-graph, ‘reduced word compatible sequence graph’).

1 2 3 4 5 6 1

3 6 5 4 2 ω

(12)

pipe dreams and fillings

We can associate a pipe dream with a filling of a moon polyomino M:

1 2 3 4 6 10

8 5 7 9 11

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• • • • • • • •

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• • • • • •

• • • • •

• • • •

• • •

• •

We will see that this pipe dream is reduced when the filling is maximal.

(13)

pipe dreams and fillings

We can associate a pipe dream with a filling of a moon polyomino M:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1

2 3 4 6 10

8 5 7 9 11

• •

• • •

• • • • • •

• • • •

• • • • •

• • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • •

• • • • •

• • • • • •

• • • • • •

• • • • •

• • • •

• • •

• •

We will see that this pipe dream is reduced when the filling is maximal.

(14)

pipe dreams and fillings

We can associate a pipe dream with a filling of a moon polyomino M:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1

2 3 4 6 10

8 5 7 9 11

• • •

• • • • • •

• • • •

• • • • •

• • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • •

• • • • •

• • • • • •

• • • • • •

• • • • •

• • • •

• • •

• •

We will see that this pipe dream is reduced when the filling is maximal.

(15)

chute moves

A (generalised)chute moveis a (local) modification of a reduced pipe dream of the form

• •

chute

• •

Generalised chute moves preserve the permutation associated with a reduced pipe dream!

Generalised chute moves in moon polyominoes preserve the length of the longest north-east chain!

(16)

A (generalised)chute moveis a (local) modification of a reduced pipe dream of the form

• •

chute

• •

Generalised chute moves preserve the permutation associated with a reduced pipe dream!

Generalised chute moves in moon polyominoes preserve the length of the longest north-east chain!

(17)

chute moves

Conjecture

The poset of reduced pipe dreams associated with a permutationω generated bygeneralised chute moves is alatticewith bottom element having crosses at

Dbot(ω) =

(i,c) :c ≤#{j :j >i, ωj < ωi} and top element having crosses at

Dtop(ω) =

(c,j) :c ≤#{i :i < ωj−1, ωi >j} .

Dbot(ω) =

1 2 3 4 5 6 1

3 6 5 4 2

• • • • • •

• • • •

Dtop(ω) =

1 2 3 4 5 6 1

3 6 5 4 2

• • •

• • •

• • •

• •

• •

(18)

Conjecture

The poset of reduced pipe dreams associated with a permutationω generated bygeneralised chute moves is alatticewith bottom element having crosses at

Dbot(ω) =

(i,c) :c ≤#{j :j >i, ωj < ωi} and top element having crosses at

Dtop(ω) =

(c,j) :c ≤#{i :i < ωj−1, ωi >j} .

Dbot(ω) =

1 2 3 4 5 6 1

3 6 5 4 2

• • • • • •

• • • •

Dtop(ω) =

1 2 3 4 5 6 1

3 6 5 4 2

• • •

• • •

• • •

• •

• •

(19)

chute moves

Conjecture

The poset of reduced pipe dreams associated with a permutationω generated bygeneralised chute moves is alatticewith bottom element having crosses at

Dbot(ω) =

(i,c) :c ≤#{j :j >i, ωj < ωi} and top element having crosses at

Dtop(ω) =

(c,j) :c ≤#{i :i < ωj−1, ωi >j} .

Dbot(ω) =

1 2 3 4 5 6 1

3 6 5 4 2

• • • • • •

• • • •

Dtop(ω) =

1 2 3 4 5 6 1

3 6 5 4 2

• • •

• • •

• • •

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(20)

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(21)

rc-graphs and fillings

Theorem (2010, see also Serrano and Stump)

The set of maximal fillingsF01ne(M,k,rmax) is an interval in the poset of reduced pipe dreams with minimal element Dbot(M,k) and maximal element Dtop(M,k).

• • • •

• • • • •

• • •

• • • • •

• • • • •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• • •

• • •

• • • • •

• • • • • • •

• • • • Dbot(M,2) Dtop(M,2)

Proof.

Show thatDtop(M,2) is the only filling that does not admit a generalised chute move. Details are tricky.

(22)

rc-graphs and fillings

Theorem (2010, see also Serrano and Stump)

The set of maximal fillingsF01ne(M,k,rmax) is an interval in the poset of reduced pipe dreams with minimal element Dbot(M,k) and maximal element Dtop(M,k).

• • • •

• • • • •

• • •

• • • • •

• • • • •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• • •

• • •

• • • • •

• • • • • • •

• • • • Dbot(M,2) Dtop(M,2)

Show thatDtop(M,2) is the only filling that does not admit a generalised chute move. Details are tricky.

(23)

rc-graphs and fillings

Theorem (2010, see also Serrano and Stump)

The set of maximal fillingsF01ne(M,k,rmax) is an interval in the poset of reduced pipe dreams with minimal element Dbot(M,k) and maximal element Dtop(M,k).

• • • •

• • • • •

• • •

• • • • •

• • • • •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• • •

• • •

• • • • •

• • • • • • •

• • • • Dbot(M,2) Dtop(M,2)

Proof.

Show thatDtop(M,2) is the only filling that does not admit a generalised chute move. Details are tricky.

(24)

rc-graphs and fillings

Theorem (2010, see also Serrano and Stump)

The set of maximal fillingsF01ne(M,k,rmax) is an interval in the poset of reduced pipe dreams with minimal element Dbot(M,k) and maximal element Dtop(M,k).

• • • •

• • • • •

• • •

• • • • •

• • • • •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• • •

• • •

• • • • •

• • • • • • •

• • • • Dbot(M,2) Dtop(M,2)

Show thatDtop(M,2) is the only filling that does not admit a generalised chute move. Details are tricky.

(25)

rc-graphs and fillings

Theorem (2010, see also Serrano and Stump)

The set of maximal fillingsF01ne(M,k,rmax) is an interval in the poset of reduced pipe dreams with minimal element Dbot(M,k) and maximal element Dtop(M,k).

• • • •

• • • • •

• • •

• • • • •

• • • • •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• • •

• • •

• • • • •

• • • • • • •

• • • • Dbot(M,2) Dtop(M,2)

Proof.

Show thatDtop(M,2) is the only filling that does not admit a generalised chute move. Details are tricky.

(26)

rc-graphs and fillings

Theorem (2010, see also Serrano and Stump)

The set of maximal fillingsF01ne(M,k,rmax) is an interval in the poset of reduced pipe dreams with minimal element Dbot(M,k) and maximal element Dtop(M,k).

• • • •

• • • • •

• • •

• • • • •

• • • • •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• • •

• • •

• • • • •

• • • • • • •

• • • • Dbot(M,2) Dtop(M,2)

Show thatDtop(M,2) is the only filling that does not admit a generalised chute move. Details are tricky.

(27)

rc-graphs and fillings

Theorem (2010, see also Serrano and Stump)

The set of maximal fillingsF01ne(M,k,rmax) is an interval in the poset of reduced pipe dreams with minimal element Dbot(M,k) and maximal element Dtop(M,k).

• • • •

• • • • •

• • •

• • • • •

• • • • •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• • •

• • •

• • • • •

• • • • • • •

• • • • Dbot(M,2) Dtop(M,2)

Proof.

Show thatDtop(M,2) is the only filling that does not admit a generalised chute move. Details are tricky.

(28)

rc-graphs and fillings

Theorem (2010, see also Serrano and Stump)

The set of maximal fillingsF01ne(M,k,rmax) is an interval in the poset of reduced pipe dreams with minimal element Dbot(M,k) and maximal element Dtop(M,k).

• • • •

• • • • •

• • •

• • • • •

• • • • •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• • •

• • •

• • • • •

• • • • • • •

• • • • Dbot(M,2) Dtop(M,2)

Show thatDtop(M,2) is the only filling that does not admit a generalised chute move. Details are tricky.

(29)

rc-graphs and fillings

Theorem (2010, see also Serrano and Stump)

The set of maximal fillingsF01ne(M,k,rmax) is an interval in the poset of reduced pipe dreams with minimal element Dbot(M,k) and maximal element Dtop(M,k).

• • • •

• • • • •

• • •

• • • • •

• • • • •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• • •

• • •

• • • • •

• • • • • • •

• • • • Dbot(M,2) Dtop(M,2)

Proof.

Show thatDtop(M,2) is the only filling that does not admit a generalised chute move. Details are tricky.

(30)

rc-graphs and fillings

Theorem (2010, see also Serrano and Stump)

The set of maximal fillingsF01ne(M,k,rmax) is an interval in the poset of reduced pipe dreams with minimal element Dbot(M,k) and maximal element Dtop(M,k).

• • • •

• • • • •

• • •

• • • • •

• • • • •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• • •

• • •

• • • • •

• • • • • • •

• • • • Dbot(M,2) Dtop(M,2)

Show thatDtop(M,2) is the only filling that does not admit a generalised chute move. Details are tricky.

(31)

rc-graphs and fillings

Theorem (2010, see also Serrano and Stump)

The set of maximal fillingsF01ne(M,k,rmax) is an interval in the poset of reduced pipe dreams with minimal element Dbot(M,k) and maximal element Dtop(M,k).

• • • •

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• • • • Dbot(M,2) Dtop(M,2) Proof.

Show thatDtop(M,2) is the only filling that does not admit a generalised chute move. Details are tricky.

(32)

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(33)

Corollary

Let S1 and S2 be stack polyominoes obtained from each other by rearranging columns and fix k. Then, forP

ri maximal, F01ne S1,k,(r1,r2, . . .) bij

←→ F01ne S2,k,(r1,r2, . . .)

Proof.

Follow Woo (2004) and Serrano and Stump (2010):

I Notice that the permutation ω associated with a stack polyomino (indeed: any moon polyomino) is vexillary.

I Apply the Edelman-Greene correspondence to the reduced factorisation ofω given by an rc-graph associated with a filling to obtain a pair of tableaux(P,Q).

I TheP-tableau determines the shape of the stack polyomino, and is independent of the filling, the Q-tableau determines the filling.

(34)

I Prove the lattice property – does it have consequences?

I Find bijective proof of invariance for moon polyominoes.

I Generalise to non-maximal fillings.

I Find rc-graphs for other Dynkin types.

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