(8)
MAHAYANASAMGRAHOPANIBANDHANA
(I)
.
Its
Tibetan
andChinese
Texts
by
Nclriaki
Hakamaya
INTRODUCTION
The
MahdydnasanlgrtzhqPanibandhana
is
a commentary writtenby
Asvabhava
on theMahdydnas,zi?Tgraha
ofAsafiga.
This
commentaryis
ofgreat use not only
in
comprehenclingthe
terse
basic
text,Mahdya'nasa12z-graha,
but
alsoin
making clearAsvabhava's
position
in
the
historical
development
ofthe
Vijn-mptivtida
school.However,
we must studyit
throughits
Tibetan
andChinese
transl-ations, since
the
Sanskrit
original of the commentaryis
not extant.
The
texts of thesetranslations
are asfollows
:1)
T)hag
Pa
chenPo
bsdus
Papt
bs'ad
sbyarP.
ed.,No.
5552,
VoL
Li,
232b
-356b
D.
ed.,No.
4051,
Vol,
Ri,
190b-296a
N.
ed.,No.
3543,
VoL
Li,
212b-342a
2)
twJIcptE'ft,
by
J!<4ili
(Hstian-tsang)
71iisho.
ed.,No.
1598,
Vol.
XXXI,
380
-449
E.
Lamotte
has
translatedit
partially
basing
on either of themin
thefoot
notes ofhis
French
transl.ationof theMahdydnasaf?zgraha').
Though
his
attemptfits
in
to understand the meaning of thepassages
in
the
Maha-yanasapagraha,
it
is
not enough to examine thehistorical
position
of
Asvabhava
himself.
If
we cornparethe
Chinese
translation
ofthe
Mahdya-nasaptgraho-panibandhana
by
HsUan-tsang
with theTibetan
translation ofit,
we canrecognize
quite
afew
differences
between
themin
their contents.As
wehave
discussed
elsewhere2), thedifferences
seemto
have
happened,
because
Hstian-tsang
has
translatedit
putting
his
ownidea
into
the
original.We
aregoing
topoint
outafew
paragraphs
as examples, comparingthe
Tibetan
withthe
Chinese.
(
9
)MAHAYANASAI
)ITGRAHOPANIBANDHANA
(1
) (Hakamaya
)(
1
)rgyud
gah
la
iljug
Pa
de
lhan
cigkjug
Paiji
tshut
gyis
rnamPar
sminPabi
rnamPar
ges
Pa
la
伽 g ste//ho
ma 吻力 ch”bsin
no〃 ses伽 ゐa 師 γ觚 挧 加 ア s〃tin
Paili
7π 硼 加 79esρσ
4
勧 〃珈 晦 クの吻 δα7 掴04 々yf/de
・sa・bon
祕 跏 πゴ〃 露節
46
ゴ 面// thosPab
ガbag
伽 邵 妙sa δ0π
4
θ 〃’ 勧 π gsi rn 翩 加 ノ665
ρψ 初 ∂0翩 〃2σ 卿 ’θ/4 ψ
gfien
Po
詔 わoπ 翩 卿加
hi
Phyir
プo//6es
l
ワαba
nileun
gsi
rnamPar
ges
Paki
9fien
Po
7嬲 〃 ¢Par
嬲 ゴプt
()9Paki
Pte
9es
妙 緲 κ 卿 加 ses 〃yα
6
ψ tha tshig go// (P
.ed .,262a2
−5 ,D
、 ed .,213b6
− 214a1) 「與彼 和 合 倶轉, 獪 如 水孚凵 者, 此 聞 熏 習, 雖 非 彼識 ,而 寄 識 中倶 轉 , 「然 非阿 頼耶識」者 , 謂, 此 聞 熏習 ,是 出世心種 子 ,非 阿頼耶 識 自性, 亦 非彼 種 子 ,但 就 倶轉不 相離性 . 許是唯識。 「是彼對 治種 子性故 」 者, 是阿 頼耶 識 對 治, 無 分別 因性 故。 (Taisho
.,XXXI
,394c
) (2 ) 々勿 〃lsgsum
Pa
ni 肋 翩 3 gsetm 砌 5π伽 δψ 7加 〃ψ 〃 7f8 ρα rna 〃ls・s・〃 肋 s gsum 加 s脚 3 ραs η坊404
加 ’asegs ρψ sプ θ4
卯4
伽 〃itshuhs ρα7 ’dan
加 々海硼 5gsu
”2 加アgtogs
Paki
5θ〃 軍s 4伽 5θ〃 箏51 α5 の廨ba
プ η 翩 5 η zα〃t ρ〔〃 ガ9Pa
’εα〃z 宛ゴ4
du
da
,π う‘oク ∂α 5’6/48
δ鋤 海4
’a 伽igs
Pa
da
・ab/8’san
gyi
4
δ覦ta
伽 ゴ95
加 」α〃z 〜gyi
み4
幽 ρα5 ゐsdus ρα 7π翩 5 吻 海 ηセ5 伽 ’んo∂ 加 ノ πσ〃 霧5 κガ脚 鉾π ’4
肋 翩 3gsum 紹 吻 04 ρの’5ア64 ρα 7觚 〃ls 妙 3bdaggir
溜 伽 5 加4
伽 /9
短砌 ρo 卿 加 面 宛/mail
々ゐアJ
bak
ゆ 旗 770 〃 (P
,ed ., 271a3 − 6 ,D
. ed ., 221a7− −b2
) 「如是三界 皆唯 有心 」,此 言顧 示 三 界唯 識 。言 「三 界 」者, 謂 ,與 欲 等愛結 相 應,墮在三界。 此唯 識 言,成立唯有心心法, 無 有三 界 横 計所縁 . 此 言 不 遣,眞 如所 縁 ,依 他 所 縁謂道 諦攝, 根 本 後 得二種 所 縁, 由彼不爲 愛 所執 故 ,非所 治故, 非 迷亂故 ,非三界攝 。亦不離 識故, 不待説。 (Taisho
.,ibid
..400b) 二 六 七 (3
)4
ψ ゆ 履 7s π α ’s加即 傾 γ η σ 挧 加 澀 ’α 伽8
oθ5 伽 加 翩 ・s ’4rna
〃 冨 加ア9es
Pa
gcig 翩群 伽
ba
4
伽kdsin
加ki
4
加 5 ρo/ rn 砌 ρα 伽dad
Pas
4
%39 α’8
跏 7πα 規 ρα 3η α ’ε勿gs
・su sn 覦加
ses
bjug
go
〃 sna ’s加gs
ses
卿 わα ni .6es
ρσ 即
’
9
痂6
ア〃 α〃ゆ α 7π覦 ρ07rarkgis
riggo
〃(
P
.ed .,298b7
−8,D
. ed .,245a5
−6) 爲答此 問故 .説 悟 入 及 種 種 性, 謂.唯一識所 取 能 取性 差 別 故,於 一時 間 , 分爲二 種 。 .夊,於 一識 似 三相現, 所取能取及 臼證 分名爲三 相, 如 是三相 一識 義 分非一非異 , 如餘 處辨。 於 一識上有 多相 現故 , 名 「種 種」。 (Taisho
.,ibid
,,415b
−c)
MAIIAYANASAMGRA]IIOPANIBANDHANA
(
I
)
(IIakamaya)
(10)
Each
underlinein
the
Chinese
part
indicates
the passages which arenot
found
in
theTibetan
at all.Any
of thesepassages
agrees with theorthodox theory asserted
in
theCh`eug-wei-shih-lun
(Jik:#:'fitt,ifie)
or thetradition of the jFke-hsiang school
(Z}EINZ').
According
to theCh`eng-u,ei-shih-lun,
the
theory
ofthe
vijfiaPti-ma-trata-
displays
that every thingdoes
not exist apartfrom
the vil`ita-na(zgnifre)3'.
The
passages
in
examples(1)
and(2),
namely `fLaEst]'fies,
zY,M
XN
ntltE,
8'tPftpt#G'ue'
and `]]<zgreff:・utitSc, )T<ii"iM' express the vij,iaPtimatrata-from
XX XNX
the
standpoint agreed with theCh`eng-wei-shih-lun.
Though
these
passa-ges
maybe
indispensable
toI-IsUan-tsang
who compiled the commentarieson the
Thrim.
Sika-vijn"optimaLtrata
from
Dharmapaia's
point
of view andtranslated them under the title,
Ch`Eng-wei-shih-lun,
they seem notbe
essential tothe
originalform.
'I'herefore, wejudge
that thesepassages
wereinserted
by
HsUan-tsang
and theTihetan
is
morefaithful
to the original.It
is
natural thatH.
Ui,
Nvhohad
studiedthe
MahdyaMnasai2tgraho-Panibandhana
only throughHsUan-tsang's
translation
oflt,
regardedAsvabhava
as aforerunner
ofDharrnapala4).
He
also traced thepassage
underlined
in
the
Chinese
part
of example(3)
toDignaga's
Przzma-nasa-muccaya
(blts""nd)5'.
But,
if
so, since the meaning ofthis
passage
whichis
found
in
theChinese
only shouldhave
much weight with the "FZz-hsiangschool which admits the theor:f of the three
bha-gas
(=-:")
as well as thefour
bha"gzzs
(pmS-)6),
we mightbe
able toguess
the
same circumstanceas seen
in
examples(1)
and(2)
behind
this
Chinese
passage.
However,
we cannot attribute all ofthe
differences
between
the
Tibe-tan and
Chinese
toHsitan-tsang's
addition to the original.There
are otherdifferences
between
the
two
than
the
character of examples(1),
(2)and(3).
We
aregoing
to
showbelow
two examplesfrom
among thesediffences.
(4)
rnam
Par
rtagPas
brtags
Patei
don/5ZL,
}IiiSl'JSflgiLME"J{k}Ntt'i-Mij31Lfl
/le"n
tubrtags
paki
n'obo
ind/
・I.ai,kt(ftU/,ll,gdNEIPfe'
tl6(ftL,,}Ii[en{lk,
zt:
='
-L"
/rnam
Par
rtagPa
gsan gyidba}i/
IIfif(l[l
[il{tk.
pmfil(}I{iF12n
{liltlllJSelil:
ll/i
lde
yi
stoab fiidyohs
su grub,',![1'i'Lik,
ptittGU}'ltFlj'l'
¢.,anJEi"t='ifi,r
EP]{lie..$awaAuwawa,waanE=LUt.
UuJg
fts!
JF
2!k
ee-
tem
xss
ig
pt{
asa
.fdi}k.n.a,
lt
, ・・・・・・waityaaNss7).(
11
)MAHAYANASAtylGRAHOPANIBANDHANA
(1
) (Hakamaya
)(5 )
挧 砌
Par
665
ρ碑ゆ 加 苑Po
gyu
厂Pas
癖 耀toit
〃σ 伽4
覦 /〃吻 〃tP
: 舜〜4
伽 を/SO・sor 〃og加 吻 鍾/伽 う鯛 9紹 う ρ曜 丿θ
Ses
’α dbaitkb
−yo7
加 thob 伽 /
4
θ ’a 耀 ’o宛tta
buki
.ッe9es
痂dmigs
Pa
瀰 一〇n 砌 脚 gy躍 妙伽
bsfiel
ba
〃1ゴ瀰 abbak
つ// 由轉阿 頼耶.識等八事識繿, 得大 圓鏡智等 四 種妙智。如
數 次 第 ,或 隨 所 應當知。 此中. 轉 阿頼 耶識 故,得大圓 鏡 智。雖 所 識境不現在 前,而能不 忘 不限時處,於一切境 常不愚 迷 ,無 分 別行能 起 ,愛
用 佛 智 影 像。 襯 α初 加 露ゴ4
め・り 6 ≦θ5ni 5翩 ε can th砌 5cad ’a 襯 翩 加 ア gzigs
Pa
gaab’α5 クy廟bako
//轉 染汚未那故, 得 平 等性 .智。 初 現觀 時 先ロ證 得, 於 修道 位 轉 復 清 淨。 由此 安 住 無住 浬槃,大慈大悲 恒與 相應,能隨所樂 現佛影 像。 六 五 50so 厂 蜘 9 ♪ψ 砂 θ
9es
ni 9砺9
ゴ5 勧 力θ 躰 加 伽 /gzuabs 頗 5go rn 砌 z∫ 伽 /≦θ5 うy
αgsan
4
昭 脚 宛 ノi
ltar
bsed
加b
鋼 伽 伽 gs加 耀
4
加 7 〃3々1
げθπ ρψo//
1
ワα 加 59励 ρψ ンθ9es
ni ga・it 8’s {igak
J4
砌 如 sogs 加 π αgnas
Pa
nas gzuri ste/嬲 α 加 π ’asildas
Pak
’ 伽 伽de
面9
々 t” s纏Pas
5磁 5 rgyas 妙 祕 sadPa
bsgr
”b
Pae
・〃 (P
.ed .,336bK
−4 ,D
. ed ., 2784 〒6 ) 轉 意 識 故, 得妙觀 察 智。 貝足一 切 陀 羅尼 門三摩地門 ,獪 如費藏 , 於 大 會 中能現一 切 自在 作 用 .能 斷 諸 疑 ,能雨法雨。 轉五識 故, 得成所作 智。 普於 十 方一切 世界能現變 化 ,從覩史多天 宮而 没及 至 浬槃,能現住持一切 有 情 利樂 作 事 故。(Taisho .,
ibid
., 438a )As
eachpassage
underlinedin
theChinese
is
notfound
in
the
Tibetan
at all
,
it
mightbe
able tobe
regarded as an additionby
HsUan
.tsanglike
the examples mentioned above .
But
thereis
no evidenceto
prove
it
,because
eachpassage
does
not always express the theorypeculiar
to thetradit五〇n of
the
」Fa
−hsiang
school .The
passage
shownin
theChinese
only of example (4
)interprets
three
kinds
of nature
(
tri
−svabhava )as ρα7〃
’
fieya
(應
1
矢口),prahditaaya
(應 斷)and 5δ々s 覦 α洳 のノα (應 證 )respectively .
We
can recogDize such aninterpre
・tation
in
the oldestliterature
of the viptaPtimatra system .For
example , thefollowing
verseis
shownin
the ρんα筋 α融 α7規α伽 ゴδ觴g
σ ofMaitreya
.鯒 c露 加 7卵 の り α’ψ カγα勿 卿 sδ嬉 ‘ ca 痂 ‘it
karaniyam
α脚 ’/α’α5 勿 ・r
taksaPtatas
vibhdig」7P cikirsatagastra
〃tida
ηpp
ア姻 助 z8ソ/Since
such anirlterpretation
is
commonto
the 吻
宛砂♂溜4
〃α system ,it
MAHAYANASA)tC[GRAHOPANIBANDHANA
(
I
)
(Hakamaya)
in
the
Chinese
translation.However,
it
willbe
difficult
to
determine
whe-ther
the
difference
between
thetwo
in
example(4)
is
that of translationor
that
ofthe
origina19).Such
also mightbe
the
case of example(5).
Though
eachpassage
shown
in
theChinese
onlylooks
like
it
fits
into
the
tradition of the]Fla-hsiang
school, such apassage
canbe
found
in
theStitra-la7?tka-ravrttibha--sya
ofSthiramati
who was not regurded as an authority onthis
schooliO).Therefore,
we cannothelp
hesitating
to
attributethe
difference
in
example(5)
toHsaan-tsang's
addition.In
conclusion, we willhELve
tobe
aware of the necessity to study thiscommentary comparing the
Tibetan
with theChinese.
It
is
unfair totra-t
nslate
it
at willbasing
on either of them asE.
Lamotte
had
tried
orto
study
it
only through theChinese
asH.
Ui
had
done,
especiallyin
orderto examine
the
historical
position
ofAsvabhava
himself.
It
is
essentialthat
critical researchbe
done
onboth
translations.Therefore,
in
orderto
faeilitate
the
comparison of the two translations,we shall edit the
Tibetan
andChinese
of this commentary,putting
theTibetan
on theleft
side of t]iepage
and theChinese
onthe
right sideof the
page.
After
these textshave
been
completed, we willtry
to
publish
our
English
translation of this commentarybasing
it
onboth
of them, with our research notes.The
Chinese
commentary textis
one where allpassages
of thebasic
text,
Mahdya-nasampgraha
areinterspersed,
whilethe
Tibetan
text
does
not
have
it.
Since
the
parts
interspersed
from
thebasic
text seem tobe
arranged according to the way adopted
by
the
translators
in
China,
theyare
deleted
from
ourpresent
Chinese
commentary text.The
present
Tibetan
text/is
collatedby
thePeking,
Derge
andNar-thang editions.
In
both
thepresent
texts,the
underlinesin
theTibetan
andthe
brackets
in
theChinese
indicate
the
passage
quoted
from
the
basic
text.
The
underlinesin
theChinese
text
indicate
the
passage
whichis
notfound
in
theChinese.
(12)
(13)
MAHAYANASADylGRAHOPANIBANDHANA
(1
) (Hakamaya
)ノ
1
)E
.LamQtte
,La
sommedu
g7α π4
露 乃ゴcκ」θ4
’
Asaitga
,
Tome
II
, (Louvain
,1938
).2
)See
my articles : “HsUan
−tsang ’s translation of the Mahdya ’nasanjgrakopaniba ・ ndhana ”(in
Japanese
),JJBS
,XVIII
− 1,(1969 ), pp .140 − 141 ;“Somc
features
ofAsvabhava
’s
Mahjyanasampgrahopanibandhana
, according toits
Tibctan
transla .tion ”(in
Japanese
),/lBS , XIX −1, (1970), pp .439 −444 .3
)The
following
passagesin
theCh
’bng
−wei −shih ・lun
express such a theory .“一 切:有爲 無爲若實若 儼 皆不離識
。唯 言爲 遮 離 識 實物,非不離 識心所法 等。
”
Taisho
.,
XXXI
s N N
p .
38c
:Shindo
. ed ,,Vo1
.7
, 21b :Louis
de
Ia
Val16e
Poussin
,y
ガ舜砂 如禰 〃α1δ.siddhi
La
Siddhi
de
Hiuan
.Tsang
. (Paris
,1928
), p .418
;t‘ma
言 總顧,一切 有情 , 各有八識 ,六位心所. 所 . 變相見 , 分位差別, 及 彼 空理所顯 眞如。 識 自相 故 , 識 相應 故, 二 所 變 故 ,三分 位 故, 四實性故。 故 是 諸 法, 皆 不 離 識, 總立 識 名。 唯 言但 遮 愚 1 N x 夫所 執定離諸 識實有 色等。 “
Taisho
.,
XXXI
, p .39c
:Shindo
. ed .,VoL
7
,26a
−b
:
Poussin
,ibid
., p .431
.4)
Hakuju
Ui
,Sh
δdai
]“oronkenkpt
(A
Study
on theMahdydnasa7pgraha
.in
Japan
−ese ), (
Tokyo
,1935
), p .3330r
396 .5)
H
.Ui
,ibid
., p .527 ;Indo
Tetsugaku
々θπ砂露,VoL
5
(A
Study
on thelndian
PhilQsophy
, inJapanese
), PP .142− 147 。6
)See
Ch ‘2ng
・wei −shih −lun
,
Taisho
.,XXXI
, p .10a :Shindo
. ed .,Vol
.2,29b −30a :PQussin
, op . cit., p .131
.7
)The
passagequoted
from
the ル勧 々伽 η’ 勲加 盟 纏 ’δ5躍 γα (大 般若 波 羅 蜜 多經 )
is
asfollows
: “若於彼彼行相事中 , . 遍計爲 色爲 受 爲 想爲 行 爲 識乃至爲一切 佛法 ,依止 名想施 設 言説 遍 計 以爲 諸色 自性 乃 至一切 佛法 自性 ,是 名遍 計 所 執色乃 至遍計所 執一 切 佛 法。 若復於彼行 相事中,唯有分別法性 安 立,分 別 爲縁 起諸戯論假 立 名想施設 言説 謂 之 爲色乃至 謂 爲一 切佛法 ,是名分別 色乃 至 分 別一切 佛 法。 若諸如來 出現於 世若不 出世 ,法性安立法 界 安立, 由彼 遍 計所 執 色故、 此 分 別 色, 於 常常 時, 於 恒 恒時 .是 眞如性 ,無 自性 性, 法 無 我性. 實際之 性 , 是 名法 性 色。 乃 至 ,由彼遍計所 執一切佛 法 故 ,此 分 別一切 佛 法 , 於常常時,於恒 恒時 ,乃 至是名法性一切佛 法” 。Its
French
ノtranslation
is
givenby
E
.Lamotte
in
theintrcduction
ofhis
Sa7ttdhinirmocana
−stitra l/explication
des
myst ∂res, (Louvain
andParis
,1935
),p
.15 .8)
The
Sanskrit original of this verseis
preservcd in the photographic manuscr 三pt六
brought
by
Rahula
Stifikrtyayana
. See “Search
for
Sanskrit
MSS
.1nTibet
”,ノβ
01
〜S
,XXIV
−4,(1938), P .163
.This
verse wasidentified
by
Prof
.V
・V
・
Gokhale
with that of thel
)h
αrmadharmatdviblzdga ,Hc
mentioncd it inhis
lecture
atTokyo
University
(Nov .1971 −Jan
.1972).9
)Wehave
tri(l
to compare and study the paragraph inb
〔〕th of the translati(mswhich contains the passa巳e shown
in
example (4).See
皿 y article “Some
featu
.res of
Asvabhava
厂s… … ”ρρ. cit. pp .442 − 443 .
MAIIAYANASAMGRAHOPANIBANDHANA
(
I)
(Hakamaya)
ro// fion moabs
Paki
yiddqg
na mfiamPa
fiid kryiye
ges
suhgyur
rol/yid
kzyi
rnam
Par
ges
Pa
dag
na so sorkun
tu rtagPaki
yeges
sutrgyur
ro!/ mig nas
lus
dyi
bar
du
rnamPar
s'esPa
lndadug
nabya
ba
sgrubpaki
yeges
seskgyur
te/"
(P.
ed.,No.
5531,
Vol.
Mi,
128a).
Cf.
ibid,,152a.I
had
ever attributedthe
difference
between
the twoin
example(5)
toHsUan-tsang's
addition(in
my article : "Hstian-tsang's translation・・・・・・",
qP. cit.p.140).
But
mydecision
in
thiscase will
be
defered
untill. my critical research willbe
done.[Suggestion
is