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駒澤大學佛教學部研究紀要 31 - 019袴谷 憲昭「MAHAYANASAMGRAHOPANIBANDHANA (I) : Its Tibetan and Chinese Texts」

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(1)

(8)

MAHAYANASAMGRAHOPANIBANDHANA

(I)

.

Its

Tibetan

and

Chinese

Texts

by

Nclriaki

Hakamaya

INTRODUCTION

The

MahdydnasanlgrtzhqPanibandhana

is

a commentary written

by

Asvabhava

on the

Mahdydnas,zi?Tgraha

of

Asafiga.

This

commentary

is

of

great use not only

in

comprehencling

the

terse

basic

text,

Mahdya'nasa12z-graha,

but

also

in

making clear

Asvabhava's

position

in

the

historical

development

of

the

Vijn-mptivtida

school.

However,

we must study

it

through

its

Tibetan

and

Chinese

transl-ations, since

the

Sanskrit

original of the commentary

is

not extant.

The

texts of these

translations

are as

follows

:

1)

T)hag

Pa

chen

Po

bsdus

Papt

bs'ad

sbyar

P.

ed.,

No.

5552,

VoL

Li,

232b

-

356b

D.

ed.,

No.

4051,

Vol,

Ri,

190b-296a

N.

ed.,

No.

3543,

VoL

Li,

212b-342a

2)

twJIcptE'ft,

by

J!<4ili

(Hstian-tsang)

71iisho.

ed.,

No.

1598,

Vol.

XXXI,

380

-

449

E.

Lamotte

has

translated

it

partially

basing

on either of them

in

the

foot

notes of

his

French

transl.ationof the

Mahdydnasaf?zgraha').

Though

his

attempt

fits

in

to understand the meaning of the

passages

in

the

Maha-yanasapagraha,

it

is

not enough to examine the

historical

position

of

Asvabhava

himself.

If

we cornpare

the

Chinese

translation

of

the

Mahdya-nasaptgraho-panibandhana

by

HsUan-tsang

with the

Tibetan

translation of

it,

we can

recognize

quite

a

few

differences

between

them

in

their contents.

As

we

have

discussed

elsewhere2), the

differences

seem

to

have

happened,

because

Hstian-tsang

has

translated

it

putting

his

own

idea

into

the

original.

We

are

going

to

point

outa

few

paragraphs

as examples, comparing

the

Tibetan

with

the

Chinese.

(2)

9

MAHAYANASAI

ITGRAHOPANIBANDHANA

1

) (

Hakamaya

   (

1

rgyud  

gah

 

la

 

iljug

 

Pa

 

de

 

lhan

 cig 

kjug

 

Paiji

tshut 

gyis

 rnam  

Par

 smin  

Pabi

 rnam  

Par

 

ges

Pa

 

la

g ste

ho

 ma 吻力 ch”

bsin

 no ses

伽 ゐa 師 γ觚 挧 加 ア s〃tin 

Paili

 7π 硼 加 79es

ρσ

4

勧 〃珈 晦 クの吻 δα7 掴04 々yf/

de

sa

bon

祕 跏 πゴ〃 露節

46

ゴ 面// thos 

Pab

bag

sa δ0π

4

θ 〃’ 勧 π gsi rn 翩 加 ノ

665

ρψ 初 ∂0

翩 〃2σ 卿 ’θ/4 ψ

gfien

 

Po

詔 わoπ 翩 卿

hi

 

Phyir

プo//

6es

 

l

α

ba

 ni 

leun

 

gsi

 rnam  

Par

ges

 

Paki

 

9fien

 

Po

 7嬲 〃 ¢

Par

嬲 ゴプ

t

()9 

Paki

 

Pte

 

9es

妙 緲 κ 卿 加 ses 〃yα

6

ψ tha tshig go//      (

P

.ed .,

262a2

−5 , 

D

、 ed .,

213b6

− 214a1)   「與彼 和 合 倶轉, 獪 如 水孚凵 者, 此 聞 熏 習, 雖 非 彼識 ,而 寄 識 中倶 轉 , 「然 非阿 頼耶識」者 , 謂, 此 聞 熏習 ,是 出世心種 子 ,非 阿頼耶 識 自性, 亦 非彼 種 子 ,但 就 倶轉不 相離性 . 許是唯識。 「是彼對 治種 子性故 」 者, 是阿 頼耶 識 對 治, 無 分別 因性 故。 (

Taisho

., 

XXXI

394c

)      (2 )  々勿 〃ls 

gsum

 

Pa

  ni 肋 翩 3 gsetm 砌 5π伽 δψ 7加 〃ψ 〃 7f8 ρα rna 〃ls・s・〃 肋   s gsum 加 s脚 3 ραs η坊

404

加 ’asegs ρψ sプ θ

4

4

伽 〃itshuhs ρα7 ’

dan

々海硼 5 

gsu

”2

gtogs

 

Paki

  5θ〃 軍s 4伽 5θ〃 箏51 α5 の廨

ba

プ η 翩 5 η zα〃t ρ〔〃  

9Pa

 ’εα〃z 宛ゴ

4

 

du

 

da

,π う‘oク ∂α 5’6

/48

δ

4

’a 伽

igs

 

Pa

 

da

・ab/8’

san

 

gyi

4

δ覦

ta

伽 ゴ

95

」α〃z

gyi

4

ρα5 ゐsdus ρα 7π翩 5 吻 海 ηセ5 伽 ’んo∂ ノ πσ〃 霧5 κガ脚 鉾π ’

4

肋 翩 3gsum 紹 04 ρの’5ア64 ρα 7觚 〃ls 妙 3bdag  

gir

溜 伽 5

4

9

短砌 ρo 卿 面 宛ma  

il

々ゐア 

J

 

bak

ゆ 旗 770 〃      (

P

,ed ., 271a3 − 6 , 

D

. ed ., 221a7− −

b2

)  「如是三界 皆唯 有心 」,此 言顧 示 三 界唯 識 。言 「三 界 」者, 謂 ,與 欲 等愛結 相 應,墮在三界。 此唯 識 言,成立唯有心心法, 無 有三 界 横 計所縁 . 此 言 不 遣,眞 如所 縁 ,依 他 所 縁謂道 諦攝, 根 本 後 得二種 所 縁, 由彼不爲 愛 所執 故 ,非所 治故, 非 迷亂故 ,非三界攝 。亦不離 識故, 不待説。 (

Taisho

., 

ibid

..400b 二 六 七    (

3

4

ψ ゆ 履 7s π α ’s加 傾 γ η σ 挧 加 澀 ’α 伽

8

oθ5 伽 加 翩 ・s ’

4rna

〃 冨

9es

 

Pa

 gcig 翩

群 伽

ba

 

4

kdsin

ki

 

4

加 5 ρo/ rn 砌 ρα 伽

dad

 

Pas

 

4

%39 α’

8

跏 7πα 規 ρα 3η α ’ε勿

gs

・su  sn 覦

ses

 

bjug

 

go

〃 sna ’s

gs

 

ses

わα ni  .

6es

ρσ

9

6

ア〃 α〃 α 7π覦 ρ07rark  

gis

 rig 

go

P

.ed .

298b7

−8 

D

. ed .

245a5

−6  爲答此 問故 .説 悟 入 及 種 種 性, 謂.唯一識所 取 能 取性 差 別 故,於 一時 間 , 分爲 。 .夊,於 一識 似 三相現, 所取能取及 臼證 分名爲三 相, 如 是三相 一識 義 分非非異 , 如餘 處辨。 於 一有 多相 現故 , 名 「種 種」。    (

Taisho

., 

ibid

,,

415b

−c)

(3)

MAIIAYANASAMGRA]IIOPANIBANDHANA

(

I

)

(IIakamaya)

(10)

Each

underline

in

the

Chinese

part

indicates

the passages which are

not

found

in

the

Tibetan

at all.

Any

of these

passages

agrees with the

orthodox theory asserted

in

the

Ch`eug-wei-shih-lun

(Jik:#:'fitt,ifie)

or the

tradition of the jFke-hsiang school

(Z}EINZ').

According

to the

Ch`eng-u,ei-shih-lun,

the

theory

of

the

vijfiaPti-ma-trata-

displays

that every thing

does

not exist apart

from

the vil`ita-na

(zgnifre)3'.

The

passages

in

examples

(1)

and

(2),

namely `fLa

Est]'fies,

zY,M

XN

ntltE,

8'tPftpt#G'ue'

and `]]<zgreff:・utitSc, )T<ii"iM' express the vij,iaPtimatrata-

from

XX XNX

the

standpoint agreed with the

Ch`eng-wei-shih-lun.

Though

these

passa-ges

may

be

indispensable

to

I-IsUan-tsang

who compiled the commentaries

on the

Thrim.

Sika-vijn"optimaLtrata

from

Dharmapaia's

point

of view and

translated them under the title,

Ch`Eng-wei-shih-lun,

they seem not

be

essential to

the

original

form.

'I'herefore, we

judge

that these

passages

were

inserted

by

HsUan-tsang

and the

Tihetan

is

more

faithful

to the original.

It

is

natural that

H.

Ui,

Nvho

had

studied

the

MahdyaMnasai2tgraho-Panibandhana

only through

HsUan-tsang's

translation

of

lt,

regarded

Asvabhava

as a

forerunner

of

Dharrnapala4).

He

also traced the

passage

underlined

in

the

Chinese

part

of example

(3)

to

Dignaga's

Przzma-nasa-muccaya

(blts""nd)5'.

But,

if

so, since the meaning of

this

passage

which

is

found

in

the

Chinese

only should

have

much weight with the "FZz-hsiang

school which admits the theor:f of the three

bha-gas

(=-:")

as well as the

four

bha"gzzs

(pmS-)6),

we might

be

able to

guess

the

same circumstance

as seen

in

examples

(1)

and

(2)

behind

this

Chinese

passage.

However,

we cannot attribute all of

the

differences

between

the

Tibe-tan and

Chinese

to

Hsitan-tsang's

addition to the original.

There

are other

differences

between

the

two

than

the

character of examples

(1),

(2)and(3).

We

are

going

to

show

below

two examples

from

among these

diffences.

(4)

rnam

Par

rtag

Pas

brtags

Patei

don/

5ZL,

}IiiSl'JSflgiLME"J{k}Ntt'i-Mij31Lfl

/le"n

tu

brtags

paki

n'o

bo

ind/

・I.ai,

kt(ftU/,ll,gdNEIPfe'

tl6(ftL,,}Ii[en{lk,

zt:

='

-L"

/rnam

Par

rtag

Pa

gsan gyi

dba}i/

IIfif(l[l

[il{tk.

pmfil(}I{iF12n

{liltlllJSelil:

ll/i

lde

yi

stoab fiid

yohs

su grub,',!

[1'i'Lik,

ptittGU}'ltFlj'l'

¢.,anJEi"t='ifi,r

EP]{lie..$awaAuwawa,waanE=LUt.

UuJg

fts!

JF

2!k

ee-

te

m

xss

ig

pt{

asa

.

fdi}k.n.a,

lt

, ・・・・・・waityaaNss7).

(4)

11

MAHAYANASAtylGRAHOPANIBANDHANA

1

) (

Hakamaya

     (5 )

  挧 砌

Par

 

665

ρ碑ゆ 加 苑

Po

 

gyu

Pas

癖 耀

toit

〃σ 伽

4

〃吻 〃t 

P

: 舜〜

4

伽 をSO・sor 〃og

加 吻 鍾 9紹 う ρ曜 丿θ

Ses

’α dbait 

kb

yo7

加 thob 伽

  

4

θ ’a 耀 ’o宛

tta

 

buki

e 

9es

dmigs

 

Pa

〇n 砌 脚 gy躍 妙伽

bsfiel

 

ba

1 ab  

bak

// 由轉阿 頼耶.識等八事識繿, 得大 圓鏡智等 四 種妙智。

數 次 第 ,或 隨 所 應當知。  此中. 轉 阿頼 耶識 故,得大圓 鏡 智。雖 所 識境不現在 前,而能不 忘 不限時處,於一切境 常不愚 迷 ,無 分 別行能 起 ,

用 佛 智 影 像。   襯 α初 加 露ゴ

4

め・り 6 ≦θ5ni  5 ε can  th 5

cad ’a 襯 翩 加 ア gzigs 

Pa

 gaab’α5 クy廟

bako

//

  轉 染汚未那故, 得 平 等性 .智。 初 現觀 時 先ロ證 得, 於 修道 位 轉 復 清 淨。 由此 安 住 無住 浬槃,大慈大悲 恒與 相應,能隨所樂 現佛影 像。 六 五   50so 厂 蜘 9 ♪ψ 砂 θ

9es

 ni 9砺

9

ゴ5 勧 力θ 躰 加 伽 gzuabs 頗 5go rn 砌 z∫ 伽 /≦θ5 う

y

α

gsan 

4

i

 

ltar

 

bsed

b

鋼 伽 伽 gs

加 耀

4

加 7 〃3々

1

θπ ρψo//

  

1

ワα 加 59励 ρψ θ

9es

 ni  ga・it  8’s {

igak

J4

砌 如 sogs 加 π α

gnas

 

Pa

 nas  gzuri ste/ α 加 π ’as 

ildas

 

Pak

’ 伽 伽

de

9

々  t” s纏

Pas

 5磁 5 rgyas 祕 sad  

Pa

 

bsgr

b

 

Pae

・〃      (

P

.ed .,

336bK

4 , 

D

. ed ., 2784 〒6 )   轉 意 識 故, 得妙觀 察 智。 貝足一 切 陀 羅尼 門三摩地門 ,獪 如費藏 , 於 大 會 中能現一 切 自在 作 用 .能 斷 諸 疑 ,能雨法雨。  轉五識 故, 得成所作 智。 普於 十 方一切 世界能現變 化 ,從覩史多天 宮而 没及 至 浬槃,能現住持一切 有 情 利樂 作 事 故。

   (Taisho ., 

ibid

., 438a )

 

 

 

 

As

 each  

passage

 underlined  

in

 the 

Chinese

 

is

 not  

found

 

in

 

the

 

Tibetan

at all

 

it

 might  

be

 able  to 

be

 regarded  as  an  addition  

by

 

HsUan

.tsang  

like

the examples  mentioned  above . 

But

  there 

is

 no  evidence  

to

 

prove

 

it

because

 each  

passage

 

does

 not  always  express  the theory  

peculiar

 to the

tradit五〇n of 

the

Fa

hsiang

 school .

  

  

The

 

passage

 shown  

in

 the 

Chinese

  only  of example (

4

 

interprets

three

 

kinds

 

of nature

 

tri

−svabhava

 

as ρα7〃

fieya

 

1

口), 

prahditaaya

應 斷)

and  5δ々s 覦 α洳 ノα 應 證 )respectively . 

We

 can  recogDize  such  an  

interpre

tation 

in

 the oldest  

literature

 of  the viptaPtimatra  system . 

For

 example , the 

following

 verse  

is

 shown  

in

 the ρんα筋 α融 α7規α伽 ゴδ觴

g

σ of 

Maitreya

  

 

鯒 c露 加 7 の り α’ψ カγα勿 sδ嬉 ‘ ca 痂 ‘it 

karaniyam

α ’/

  

 

α’α5 勿 ・r 

taksaPtatas

 vibhdig」7P cikirsata 

gastra

〃t 

ida

ηp 

p

ア姻 助 z8ソ/

Since

 such  an 

irlterpretation

 

is

 common  

to

 

the 吻

♂溜

4

〃α system  

it

(5)

MAHAYANASA)tC[GRAHOPANIBANDHANA

(

I

)

(Hakamaya)

in

the

Chinese

translation.

However,

it

will

be

difficult

to

determine

whe-ther

the

difference

between

the

two

in

example

(4)

is

that of translation

or

that

of

the

origina19).

Such

also might

be

the

case of example

(5).

Though

each

passage

shown

in

the

Chinese

only

looks

like

it

fits

into

the

tradition of the

]Fla-hsiang

school, such a

passage

can

be

found

in

the

Stitra-la7?tka-ravrttibha--sya

of

Sthiramati

who was not regurded as an authority on

this

schooliO).

Therefore,

we cannot

help

hesitating

to

attribute

the

difference

in

example

(5)

to

Hsaan-tsang's

addition.

In

conclusion, we will

hELve

to

be

aware of the necessity to study this

commentary comparing the

Tibetan

with the

Chinese.

It

is

unfair to

tra-t

nslate

it

at will

basing

on either of them as

E.

Lamotte

had

tried

or

to

study

it

only through the

Chinese

as

H.

Ui

had

done,

especially

in

order

to examine

the

historical

position

of

Asvabhava

himself.

It

is

essential

that

critical research

be

done

on

both

translations.

Therefore,

in

order

to

faeilitate

the

comparison of the two translations,

we shall edit the

Tibetan

and

Chinese

of this commentary,

putting

the

Tibetan

on the

left

side of t]ie

page

and the

Chinese

on

the

right side

of the

page.

After

these texts

have

been

completed, we will

try

to

publish

our

English

translation of this commentary

basing

it

on

both

of them, with our research notes.

The

Chinese

commentary text

is

one where all

passages

of the

basic

text,

Mahdya-nasampgraha

are

interspersed,

while

the

Tibetan

text

does

not

have

it.

Since

the

parts

interspersed

from

the

basic

text seem to

be

arranged according to the way adopted

by

the

translators

in

China,

they

are

deleted

from

our

present

Chinese

commentary text.

The

present

Tibetan

text/

is

collated

by

the

Peking,

Derge

and

Nar-thang editions.

In

both

the

present

texts,

the

underlines

in

the

Tibetan

and

the

brackets

in

the

Chinese

indicate

the

passage

quoted

from

the

basic

text.

The

underlines

in

the

Chinese

text

indicate

the

passage

which

is

not

found

in

the

Chinese.

(12)

(6)

(13)

MAHAYANASADylGRAHOPANIBANDHANA

1

) (

Hakamaya

    ノ

1

E

LamQtte

, 

La

 somme  

du

 g7α π

4

露 乃ゴcκ」θ

4

Asaitga

, 

Tome

 

II

Louvain

1938

).

2

See

 my  articles : “

HsUan

−tsang ’s translation  of  the Mahdya ’nasanjgrakopaniba ・ ndhana ”

in

 

Japanese

 

JJBS

 

XVIII

− 1,1969 ) pp .140 − 141

Somc

 

features

 of

Asvabhava

s 

Mahjyanasampgrahopanibandhana

 according  to 

its

 

Tibctan

 transla .

tion ”in 

Japanese

),/lBS , XIX −1, (1970),  pp .439 −444 .

3

The

 

following

 passages 

in

 the 

Ch

bng

−wei −shih ・

lun

 express  such  a theory .“一 切

有爲 無爲實若 儼 皆離識

。唯 言爲 遮 離 識 實物,非不離 識心所法 等。

Taisho

, 

XXXI

                         s    N   N

p .

38c

Shindo

. ed ,, 

Vo1

7

, 21b :

Louis

 

de

 

Ia

 

Val16e

 

Poussin

, 

y

ガ舜砂 如禰 〃α1δ.

siddhi  

La

 

Siddhi

 

de

 

Hiuan

Tsang

Paris

1928

), p .

418

;t‘

ma

言 總顧,

有情 , 各有八識 ,六位心所. 所 . 變相見 , 分位差別, 及 彼 空理所顯 眞如。 識 自相 故 , 識 相應 故, 二 所 變 故 ,三分 位 故, 四實性故。 故 是 諸 法, 皆 不 離 識, 總立 識 名。 唯 言但 遮 愚                                                            1  N  x 夫所 執定離諸 識實有 色等。 “

Taisho

, 

XXXI

, p .

39c

Shindo

. ed ., 

VoL

 

7

26a

b

 

Poussin

, 

ibid

., p .

431

4

Hakuju

 

Ui

 

Sh

δ

dai

“oron 

kenkpt

A

 

Study

 on  the 

Mahdydnasa7pgraha

. 

in

 

Japan

ese ), (

Tokyo

1935

  p .

3330r

 396 .

5

H

Ui

, 

ibid

., p .527 ;

Indo

 

Tetsugaku

々θπ砂露, 

VoL

 

5

A

 

Study

 on  the 

lndian

PhilQsophy

, in 

Japanese

), PP .142− 147 。

6

See

 Ch ‘

2ng

weishih

lun

, 

Taisho

 

XXXI

 p .10a :

Shindo

. ed . 

Vol

.2,29b −30a :

PQussin

, op . cit., p .

131

7

The

 passage 

quoted

 

from

 the ル勧 々 η

’ 勲 盟 纏 ’δ5躍 γα (大 般若 波 羅 蜜 多經 )

is

 as 

follows

: “若於彼彼行相事中 , . 遍計爲 色爲 受 爲 想爲 行 爲 識乃至爲一切 佛法 ,依止 名想施 設 言説 遍 計 以爲 諸色 自性 乃 至一切 佛法 自性 ,是 名遍 計 所 執色乃 至遍計所 執一 切 佛 法。 若復於彼行 相事中,唯有分別法性 安 立,分 別 爲縁 起諸戯論假 立 名想施設 言説 謂 之 爲色乃至 謂 爲一 切佛法 ,是名分別 色乃 至 分 別一切 佛 法。 若諸如來 出現於 世若不 出世 ,法性安立法 界 安立, 由彼 遍 計所 執 色故、 此 分 別 色, 於 常常 時, 於 恒 恒時 .是 眞如性 ,無 自性 性, 法 無 我性. 實際之 性 , 是 名法 性 色。 乃 至 ,由彼遍計所 執一切佛 法 故 ,此 分 別一切 佛 法 , 於常常時,於恒 恒時 ,乃 至是名法性一切佛 法” 。

Its

 

French

      ノ

translation  

is

 given 

by

 

E

. 

Lamotte

 

in

 the 

intrcduction

 of 

his

 

Sa7ttdhinirmocana

stitra  l/explication  

des

 myst ∂res

Louvain

 and  

Paris

1935

 

p

.15 .

8)

The

 Sanskrit original  of this verse  

is

 preservcd in the photographic  manuscr 三pt

 

brought

 

by

 

Rahula

 

Stifikrtyayana

.  See “

Search

 

for

 

Sanskrit

 

MSS

.1n 

Tibet

”,

 ノβ

01

S

XXIV

−4,1938,  P .

163

. 

This

  verse   was  

identified

 

by

 

Prof

. 

V

V

 

Gokhale

 with  that of  the 

l

h

αrmadharmatdviblzdga , 

Hc

  mentioncd  it  in 

his

 

lecture

 at 

Tokyo

 

University

Nov .1971 −

Jan

.1972

9

)We  

have

 tri(

l

 to compare  and  study  the paragraph  in 

b

〔〕th  of  the translati(ms

 

which  contains  the passae shown  

in

 example 4. 

See

皿 y article “

Some

 

featu

 res of 

Asvabhava

厂s… … ”ρρ. cit. pp .442 − 443 .

(7)

MAIIAYANASAMGRAHOPANIBANDHANA

(

I)

(Hakamaya)

ro// fion moabs

Paki

yid

dqg

na mfiam

Pa

fiid kryi

ye

ges

su

hgyur

rol/

yid

kzyi

rnam

Par

ges

Pa

dag

na so sor

kun

tu rtag

Paki

ye

ges

su

trgyur

ro!/ mig nas

lus

dyi

bar

du

rnam

Par

s'es

Pa

lnda

dug

na

bya

ba

sgrub

paki

ye

ges

ses

kgyur

te/"

(P.

ed.,

No.

5531,

Vol.

Mi,

128a).

Cf.

ibid,,152a.

I

had

ever attributed

the

difference

between

the two

in

example

(5)

to

HsUan-tsang's

addition

(in

my article : "Hstian-tsang's translation・・・・・・",

qP. cit.p.140).

But

my

decision

in

thiscase will

be

defered

untill. my critical research will

be

done.

[Suggestion

is

due

te

Dr.

J.

Takasaki

in

his

private

letter

on my article).

(14)

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