2 0 1 5
1 2 4 8 3 5 4 2
4 4
1 4 5
5 3
5 5
2 5 6
3 6 9
7 8
6 1 0 5
7 11 6
1 2 3
1 2 4 1 2 5
1 2 7 1 3 3 1 3 4
1 3 5 1 5 8 1 5 9
5 9 0
1 0 3
1 0 4
9 8 % 2 0 1 4 a
1 9 9 9 2 0 1 4
2 0 1 3
2 0 0 7 1 9 7 0
2 0 1 4
2 0 1 1
1 9 9 0
2 0 1 4
2 0 1 4
2 0 1 4
1 9 9 1 2 0 0 1
2 0 1 3
2 0 1 3
1 % 5 % 1 0 %
2 0 1 4
2 0 1 4 b 1 1
4 0 . 0 % 2 1 5 1 , 7 2 8
2 4 5 7 , 6 6 4
3 0 . 1 % 8 . 9 %
8 . 0 %
2 0 1 3
2 0 1 2
6 9 . 6 %
5 9 . 0 %
6 6 . 6 %
3 0 %
1 9 9 9 1 9 9 1
2 0 0 9
2 0 0 7 b i g - f i s h - 1 i t t l e - p o n d e f f e c t
M a r s h 1 9 9 1 2 0 0 8
B e n e s s e 2 0 1 3
2 0 0 7
1 9 9 9 2 0 1 3
(
1 9 9 0 2 0 0 4
2 0 0 4
H a y n e s , E m m o n s , & B e n - Av i e 1 9 9 7 L e h r, H a n s e n , S i n c l a i r, &
C h r i s t e n s o n 2 0 0 3
2 0 1 4 a
2 7 . 4 % 7 2 . 6
2 0 1 0
2 0 1 4
2 0 1 4
2 0 1 4 b
2 5 %
B a k e r & S a n s o n e 1 9 9 0 L e h r e t a l . 2 0 0 3
P s y c I N F O 1 9 8 5 2 0 1 4
h i g h s c h o o l a d j u s t m e n t h i g h s c h o o l m a l a d j u s t m e n t h i g h s c h o o l d r o p o u t n o n - g r a d u a t e
8 0
1
L a d d 2 0 0 3
2 1 9 6 0 1 9 8 0
m a i n
e f f e c t s m o d e l s 1 9 9 0
c h i l d b y e n v i r o n m e n t m o d e l s 6 0 %
K l e m & C o n e l l 2 0 0 4 3 0 %
w e l l - b e i n g D r y f o o s 1 9 9 7 E a t o n ,
K a n n , K i n c h e n , S h a n k l i n , R o s s , H a w k i n s , H a r r i s , L o w r y , M c M a n u s , C h y e n , L i m , W h i t t l e , B r e n e r , & W e c h s l e r 2 0 0 8
B r a d e n , D i m a r i n o - L i n n e n , &
G o o d 2 0 0 1 S t r e i n , H o a g w o o d , & C o h n 2 0 0 3
m a i n e f f e c t s m o d e l s c h i l d b y e n v i r o n m e n t m o d e l s
Ta b l e 1 1 m a i n e f f e c t s m o d e l s
ô
1
B a r r y & R e s c h l y 2 0 1 2 P a r k e r &
A s h e r 1 9 8 7
R u m b e r g e r & L a r s o n 1 9 9 8
F r e n c h & C o n r a d 2 0 0 1
B a t t i n - P e a r s o n , N e w c o m b , A b b o t t , H i l l , C a t a l a n o , & H a w k i n s 2 0 0 0 N e w c o m b , A b b o t t , C a t a l a n o , H a w k i n s , B a t t i n - P e a r s o n , & H i l l 2 0 0 2 S a r a i v a , P e r e i r a , & Z a m i t h - C r u z 2 0 11
C a i r n s , C a i r n s , & N e c k e r m a n 1 9 8 9
6 1
B y b e e , K r a r n e r, & Z i g l e r 1 9 9 7
G PA
J i m e r s o n & F e r g u s o n 2 0 0 7
1
K e r r, L a m b e r t , & B e m 1 9 9 6
L a d d 2 0 0 3
J a n o s z , L e B l a n c , B o u l e r i c e , & T r e m b l a y 2 0 0 0
M a l a d j u s t e d D r o p o u t s Q u i e t D r o p o u t s
2
B a r r i n g t o n & H e n d r i c k s 1 9 8 9 G PA
A r c a m b a u l t , J a o n s z , F a l l u , & P a g a n i 2 0 0 9
Tr e m b l a y 1 9 9 7 1 9 7 4 1 9 8 5
F i n n & R o c k 1 9 9 7 Wo u t e r s , F r a i n e , C o l p i n , Va n D a m m e , & Ve r s c h u e r e n 2 0 1 2
3
M a h o n e y & C a i r n s 1 9 9 7 C a r a w a y, Tu c k e r, R e i n k e , & H a l l 2 0 0 3 Va s a l a m p i , S a l m e l a - A r o , & N u r m i 2 0 0 9
F l a n n e r y, F e n n i n g , K a t o , & M c I n t o s h 2 0 1 4
H a r d r e & R e e v e 2 0 0 3 Va l l e r a n d , F o r t i e r, & G u a y 1 9 9 7
S t r i n g e r , K e r p e l m a n , & S k o r i k o v 2 0 1 2
m a i n e f f e c t s m o d e l s
B i e r m a n , S m o o t , & A u m i l l e r 1 9 9 3
2 c h i l d b y e n v i r o n m e n t m o d e l s ô
C o i e , Wa t t , We s t , H a w k i n s , A s a r n o w, M a r k m a n , R a m e y, S h u r e , & L o n g 1 9 9 3 L a d d 1 9 8 9 P a r k e r, R u b i n , P r i c e , & D e R o s i e r 1 9 9 5
1
C o r n e l l , G r e g o r y, H u a n g , & F a n ( 2 0 1 3 ) E s p i n o z a , G o n z a l e s , & F u l i g n i 2 0 1 3
S m i t h y m a n , F i r e m a n , &
A s h e r 2 0 1 4
u n d e r a c h i e v e m e n t
B a r r i n g t o n & H e n d r i c k s 1 9 8 9 E n s m i n g e r & S l u s a r c i c k 1 9 9 2 L a d d 1 9 9 0
S c h w a r z w a l d , M o i s s e i e y, & H o f f m a n 1 9 8 6
F u l i g n i , E c c l e s , B a r b e r, & C l e m e n t s 2 0 0 1 M a l e c k i & D e m a r a y 2 0 0 3
D e m a r a y & M a l e c k i 2 0 0 2 R o t h e r a m - B o r u s 1 9 9 0
l o w G PA
L e g a u l t , G r e e n - D e m e r s , & P e l l e t i e r 2 0 0 6 S u h , S u h , & H o u s t o n 2 0 0 7 Ve ´ r o n n e a u , V i t a r o , P e d e r s e n , & T r e m b l a y 2 0 0 8
2
C h r i s t l e , J o l i v e t t e , & N e l s o n 2 0 0 7
H o y, S w e e t l a n d , & S m i t h 2 0 0 2 B a r i l e ,
D o n o h u e , A n t h o n y, B a k e r, We a v e r, & H e n r i c h 2 0 1 2
L e a r n e r & K r u g e r 1 9 9 7 H o g e , S m i t , & H a n s o n 1 9 9 0
M o o s & M o o s 1 9 7 8 N a f p a k t i t i s , M a y e r , & B u t t e r w o r t h 1 9 8 5
C r o n i n g e r
& L e e 2 0 0 1 L e e , C o r n e l l , G r e g o r y, & F a n 2 0 1 1
3
M c N e a l 1 9 9 7 G a g e , P r y k a n o w s k i ,
& L a r s o n 2 0 1 4
C h r i s t l e e t a l . 2 0 0 7
B a n d y o p a d h y a y, C o r n e l l , & K o n o l d 2 0 0 9 K l e i n , e t a l . 2 0 1 2
Wo r r e l l & H a l e 2 0 0 1 c h i l d b y e n v i r o n m e n t m o d e l s
m a i n e f f e c t s m o d e l s
N o C h i l d L e f t B e h i n d A c t S c h o o l Wi d e P o s i t i v e B e h a v i o r I n t e r v e n t i o n S u p p o r t S o c i a l a n d E m o t i o n a l L e a r n i n g
B r a d e n e t a l . 2 0 0 1 S t r e i n e t a l . 2 0 0 3 D u r l a k , We i s s b e r g , D y m n i c k i , Ta y l o r, &
S c h e l l i n g e r 2 0 11 G r e g o r y , C o r n e l l , F a n , S h e r a s , S h i h , & H u a n g 2 0 1 0
Ta b l e 1
A u t h o r n Va r i a b l e
A r c h a m b a u l t , J a o n s z , F a l l u , &
P a g a n i ( 2 0 0 9 )
1 1 , 8 2 7 S c h o o l d r o p o u t , M a t e r n a l e d u c a t i o n , C o u r s e r e t e n t i o n
B a n d y o p a d h y a y, C o r n e l l , &
K o n o l d ( 2 0 0 9 )
2 , 1 1 1 S c h o o l c l i m a t e , B u l l y i n g
B a r i l e , D o n o h u e , A n t h o n y , B a k e r , W e a v e r , &
H e n r i c h ( 2 0 1 2 )
7 , 7 7 9 T e a c h e r s t u d e n t r e l a t i o n s h i p c l i m a t e , M a t h a c h i e v e m e n t
B a r r i n g t o n & H e n d r i c k s ( 1 9 8 9 ) 6 5 1 A c h i e v e m e n t / i n t e l l i g e n c e r a t e ,
N u m b e r o f f a i l i n g g r a d e , G PA , T e a c h e r n e g a t i v e c o m m e n t s
B a r r y & R e s c h l y ( 2 0 1 2 ) 1 1 , 0 0 0 A d a p t i v e S k i l l s , B e h a v i o r a l s y m p t o m s , S c h o o l p r o b l e m
B a t t i n - P e a r s o n , N e w c o m b , A b b o t t , H i l l , C a t a l a n o , &
H a w k i n s ( 2 0 0 0 )
7 5 4 A c a d e m i c c o m p e t e n c e , P r o b l e m b e h a v i o r
B y b e e , K r a r n e r , & Z i g l e r ( 1 9 9 7 )
7 4 A c a d e m i c p e r f o r m a n c e , S e l f - i m a g e , S o c i a l s k i l l
C a i r n s , C a i r n s , & N e c k e r m a n ( 1 9 8 9 )
4 7 5 A c a d e m i c c o m p e t e n c e
C a r a w a y , T u c k e r , R e i n k e , & 2 0 6 A c a d e m i c d a t a , S e l f - e f f i c a c y , T e s t
Ta b l e 1
A u t h o r n Va r i a b l e
C h r i s t l e , J o l i v e t t e , & N e l s o n ( 2 0 0 7 )
1 9 6 A c a d e m i c a c h i e v e m e n t ,
S u s p e n s i o n r a t e , L a w v i o l a t i o n r a t e , S u c c e s s f u l t r a n s i t i o n r a t e
C o r n e l l , G r e g o r y, H u a n g , & F a n ( 2 0 1 3 )
2 7 6 ( S c h o o l s a m p l e )
G e n e r a l v i c t i m i z a t i o n , B u l l y i n g
v i c t i m i z a t i o n , C l i m a t e o f b u l l y i n g i n a s c h o o l , D r o p o u t c o u n t s
D e m a r a y & M a l e c k i ( 2 0 0 2 ) 1 , 7 1 1 S o c i a l s u p p o r t , R a n g e o f a c a d e m i c , B e h a v i o r a l p r o b l e m
D u c h e s n e , V i t a r o , L a r o s e , &
T r e m b l a y ( 2 0 0 8 )
1 , 8 1 7 C l a s s r o o m b e h a v i o r s , A c a d e m i c a c h i e v e m e n t
E n s m i n g e r & S l u s a r c i c k ( 1 9 9 2 ) 1 , 2 4 2 S c h o o l d r o p o u t , F i r s t - g r a d e s c h o o l p e r f o r m a n c e
E s p i n o z a , G o n z a l e s , & F u l i g n i ( 2 0 1 3 )
2 ( S c h o o l s a m p l e )
P e e r v i c t i m i z a t i o n , D i s t r e s s , S c h o o l a d j u s t m e n t , A c a d e m i c p r o b l e m s F i n n & R o c k ( 1 9 9 7 ) 1 , 8 0 3 A c h i e v e m e n t t e s t s , S e l f - e s t e e m F l a n n e r y, F e n n i n g , K a t o , &
M c I n t o s h ( 2 0 1 4 )
3 6 , 6 5 3 P o s i t i v e b e h a v i o r s u p p o r t , P r o b l e m b e h a v i o r , F i d e l i t y o f i m p l e m e n t a t i o n
F r e n c h & C o n r a d ( 2 0 0 1 ) 1 , 6 7 3 S o c i a l p r e f e r e n c e , A n t i s o c i a l b e h a v i o r F u l i g n i , E c c l e s , B a r b e r , &
C l e m e n t s ( 2 0 0 1 )
1 , 2 5 3 A c a d e m i c a c h i e v e m e n t , P r o b l e m b e h a v i o r , P e e r g r o u p a s s o c i a t i o n
Ta b l e 1
A u t h o r n V a r i a b l e
G a g e , P r y k a n o w s k i , &
L a r s o n ( 2 0 1 4 )
4 , 7 4 2 S c h o o l c l i m a t e , B u l l y i n g v i c t i m i z a t i o n
H a r d r e & R e e v e ( 2 0 0 3 ) 4 8 3 T e a c h e r a u t o n o m y s u p p o r t , D r o p o u t S e l f - d e t e r m i n e d m o t i v a t i o n , P e r c e i v e c o m p e t e n c e , S c h o o l p e r f o r m a n c e H o g e , S m i t , & H a n s o n ( 1 9 9 0 ) 3 3 2 S e l f - e s t e e m , S c h o o l c l i m a t e ,
C o g n i t i v e s k i l l s H o y , S m i t h , & S w e e t l a n d
( 2 0 0 2 )
9 7 ( S c h o o l s a m p l e )
S E S , A c a d e m i c p r e s s , S c h o o l a c h i e v e m e n t H o y , S w e e t l a n d , & S m i t h
( 2 0 0 2 )
9 7 ( S c h o o l s a m p l e )
A c a d e m i c p r e s s , S c h o o l a c h i e v e m e n t , T e a c h e r b e h a v i o r
J a n o s z , L e B l a n c , B o u l e r i c e , &
T r e m b l a y ( 1 9 9 7 )
7 9 1 S c h o o l a d j u s t m e n t , S c h o o l d r o p o u t , S o c i a l a n d P e r s o n a l I n v e n t o r y ( S P I ) J a n o s z , L e B l a n c , B o u l e r i c e , &
T r e m b l a y ( 2 0 0 0 )
1 , 7 0 4 S c h o o l e x p e r i e n c e , P e e r r e l a t i o n s h i p , D e v i a n t b e h a v i o r s
J i m e r s o n & F e r g u s o n ( 2 0 0 7 ) 1 3 7 A c a d e m i c o u t c o m e s , G PA , B e h a v i o r a l o u t c o m e s K l e i n , C o r n e l l , & K o n o l d
( 2 0 1 2 )
3 , 6 8 7 B u l l y i n g , S c h o o l c l i m a t e , R i s k b e h a v i o r s
L e a r n e r & K r u g e r ( 1 9 9 7 ) 1 5 0 A t t a c h m e n t , S e l f - c o n c e p t , A c a d e m i c
Ta b l e 1
A u t h o r n Va r i a b l e
L e e , C o r n e l l , G r e g o r y , & F a n ( 2 0 1 1 )
7 , 4 3 1 D r o p o u t r a t e s , S c h o o l s u s p e n s i o n , S t u d e n t a g g r e s s i v e a t t i t u d e s , S t u d e n t b e l i e f s c h o o l r u l e s L e g a u l t , G r e e n - D e m e r s , &
P e l l e t i e r ( 2 0 0 6 )
7 4 1 A c a d e m i c a m o t i v a t i o n , A c a d e m i c m o t i v a t i o n , B e h a v i o r a l p r o b l e m M a h o n e y & C a i r n s ( 1 9 9 7 ) 3 9 2 A c a d e m i c c o m p e t e n c e , P o p u l a r i t y ,
A g g r e s s i o n , S E S
M a l e c k i & D e m a r a y ( 2 0 0 3 ) 2 6 3 S o c i a l S k i l l , S o c i a l s u p p o r t , P r o b l e m b e h a v i o r s , A c a d e m i c c o m p e t e n c e M c N e a l ( 1 9 9 7 ) u n d e s c r i b e d S c h o o l c l i m a t e , S c h o o l - l e v e l c o n c e p t M o o s & M o o s ( 1 9 7 8 ) 1 9 ( S c h o o l
s a m p l e )
C l a s s r o o m s o c i a l c l i m a t e
N a f p a k t i t i s , M a y e r &
B u t t e r w o r t h ( 1 9 8 5 )
2 9 ( S c h o o l s a m p l e )
T e a c h e r a p p r o v a l a n d d i s a p p r o v a l , C l a s s r o o m b e h a v i o r
N e w c o m b , A b b o t t , C a t a l a n o , H a w k i n s , B a t t i n - P e a r s o n , &
H i l l ( 2 0 0 2 )
8 0 8 P o o r a c a d e m i c a c h i e v e m e n t , G e n e r a l d e v i a n c e , B o n d i n g t o a n t i s o c i a l p e e r s , S c h o o l b o n d i n g , P a r e n t a l e d u c a t i o n e x p e c t a t i o n s
M a l l e y, Vo i g h t ,
R e n s h a w , & E k l u n d ( 2 0 1 4 )
4 6 1 , 3 8 8 S c h o o l c l i m a t e , G PA , A c a d e m i c a c h i e v e m e n t
R e e v e & L e e ( 2 0 1 4 ) 3 1 3 C l a s s r o o m e n g a g e m e n t , P s y c h o l o g i c a l n e e d s a t i s f a c t i o n , S e l f - e f f i c a c y
Ta b l e 1
A u t h o r n Va r i a b l e
R o t h e r a m - B o r u s ( 1 9 9 0 ) 3 3 0 R e f e r e n c e - g r o u p c h o i c e s , S e l f - e s t e e m R u m b e r g e r & L a r s o n ( 1 9 9 8 ) u n d e s c r i b e d D r o p o u t r a t e , S c h o o l c o m p l e t i o n r a t e ,
C h a n g e d s c h o o l r a t e S a r a i v a , P e r e i r a , &
Z a m i t h - C r u z ( 2 0 1 1 )
1 0 P r o b l e m b e h a v i o r ,
P o o r a c a d e m i c a c h i e v e m e n t S c h w a r z w a l d , M o i s s e i e v , &
H o f f m a n ( 1 9 8 6 )
4 8 2 S o c i o m e t r i c f o r m u l a t i o n s , S o c i a l a c c e p t a n c e , A c a d e m i c s t a t u s S m i t h y m a n , F i r e m a n , & A s h e r
( 2 0 1 4 )
3 , 6 3 6 P e e r n o m i n a t i o n , P s y c h o l o g i c a l d i s t r e s s , L i f e s a t i s f a c t i o n , S c h o o l c o n n e c t e d n e s s , G PA , C u r r e n t
v i c t i m i z a t i o n , E l e m e n t a r y s c h o o l p e e r v i c t i m i z a t i o n
S t r i n g e r , K e r p e l m a n , &
S k o r i k o v ( 2 0 1 2 )
4 5 4 A d j u s t m e n t , C a r e e r p r e p a r a t i o n , C a r e e r c o n f i d e n c e , C a r e e r p l a n n i n g S u h & S u h ( 2 0 0 7 ) 6 , 1 9 2 G PA , S o c i o e c o n o m i c s t a t u s ,
P h y s i c a l e n v i r o n m e n t r i s k
S u h , S u h , & H o u s t o n ( 2 0 0 7 ) 4 , 3 2 7 G PA , S E S , B e h a v i o r a l a n d e m o t i o n a l p r o b l e m s
Va l l e r a n d , F o r t i e r , & G u a y ( 1 9 9 7 )
4 , 5 3 7 S e l f - d e t e r m i n e d m o t i v a t i o n , I n t e n t i o n d r o p o u t
Ta b l e 1
A u t h o r n Va r i a b l e
Va s a l a m p i , S a l m e l a - A r o , &
N u r m i ( 2 0 0 9 )
3 , 6 8 4 A c h i e v e m e n t - r e l a t e d p e r s o n a l g o a l , S c h o o l e n g a g e m e n t , S c h o o l b u r n o u t , G PA
Ve ´ r o n n e a u , V i t a r o , P e d e r s e n ,
& T r e m b l a y ( 2 0 0 8 )
9 9 7 S c h o o l g r a d u a t i o n , P e e r a c c e p t a n c e , A c a d e m i c a d j u s t m e n t , F r i e n d s h i p W o r r e l l & H a l e ( 2 0 0 1 ) 2 7 9 S c h o o l c l i m a t e , S c h o o l c o m p l e t i o n ,
H o p e i n t h e F u t u r e W o u t e r s , F r a i n e , C o l p i n ,
Va n D a m m e , & Ve r s c h u e r e n ( 2 0 1 2 )
2 , 7 4 7 A c a d e m i c s e l f - c o n c e p t , E d u c a t i o n a l t r a c k , L a n g u a g e a n d m a t h a c h i e v e m e n t
Z u l l i g , H u e b n e r , &
P a t t o n ( 2 0 1 1 )
2 , 0 4 9 S c h o o l c l i m a t e , S c h o o l s a t i s f a c t i o n
2
L a d d 2 0 0 3 m a i n e f f e c t s m o d e l s
c h i l d b y e n v i r o n m e n t m o d e l s
1 9 8 0
2 % 2 0 1 4 b 1 9 9 0
2 0 0 3
1 9 9 4
L a d d 2 0 0 3 m a i n e f f e c t s
m o d e l s c h i l d b y e n v i r o n m e n t m o d e l s
Ta b l e 2 1 m a i n e f f e c t s m o d e l s
1
1 9 9 9 a
( 2 0 0 1 )
2 0 0 9 2 0 1 0
2
1 9 9 9 b 2 0 0 0
1 9 8 6 2 0 0 1
2 0 0 5
3
1 9 6 9 S c h o o l M o r a l e Te s t S M T
S M T
2 0 0 2 1 9 8 4
1 9 8 6 1 9 8 6
Ta b l e 3 - 1
J a n o s z e t a l . 2 0 0 0
m a i n e f f e c t s m o d e l s
2 c h i l d b y e n v i r o n m e n t m o d e l s
1
1 9 9 9 a
2 0 0 5
1 9 9 9 a 2
1 9 8 7 A B
C D
A B
C D
B C A
A D 2 0 0 4
2 0 0 5 8 0 % 2 0 %
3
2 0 0 7
2 1 9 9 4
3 1 9 9 9 a
2 2 0 0 5
4
2 0 1 3 1 9 9 9 2 0 1 3
c h i l d b y e n v i r o n m e n t m o d e l s
Ta b l e 2
Ta b l e 2
1 9 9 7 1 2 8 5
2 0 0 1 2 5 7 5
2 0 0 2 1 3 7 7
1 9 8 6 1 3 7 6
2 0 1 2 4 6 1 1
2 0 1 1 2 7 0 1
2 0 0 1 1 1 3 3
2 0 0 0 1 3 2 0
2 0 0 5 1 1 1 9
2 0 0 6 4 4 9 5
1 9 9 9 a 5 4 5 , 7 7 6
1 9 9 9 b 4 1 5 , 0 0 3
2 0 0 5 3 4 7 5
1 9 8 6 7 7 0 1
1 9 8 7 4 8 8 6
2 0 0 5 4 6 1 2
2 0 1 4 1 1 0 7
1 9 9 4 1 2 1 1
1 9 9 8 1 1 8 8
1 9 8 6 1 6 0 3
c h i l d b y e n v i r o n m e n t m o d e l s
3
S M T
Ta b l e 3 - 1 S M T
Ta b l e 2
1 9 9 4 1 1 7 1
2 0 0 9 1 1 7 6 4
2 0 1 0 1 1 7 7 4
2 0 0 4 2 2 5 2
2 0 0 4 4 8 9 3
Ta b l e 3 - 2
2 0 0 5
J a n o s z e t a l . 2 0 0 0
L a d d & P r i c e 1 9 8 7 Wa l l s & L i t t l e 2 0 0 5
m a i n e f f e c t s m o d e l s
m a i n e f f e c t s m o d e l s
c h i l d b y e n v i r o n m e n t m o d e l s 2 0 1 0
H e s s & A z u m a 1 9 9 1
Ta b l e 3 1
2 0 0 2
1 9 9 9 a
1 9 8 5
1 9 6 9 S M T
1 9 8 4
1 9 8 6
2 0 0 5
1 9 9 4
Ta b l e 3 1
1 9 8 6
Ta b l e 3 2
S M T
G r e s h a m 1 9 8 8 1 9 9 0 2 0 0 7 2 0 0 1
1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7
1 9 8 9 1 9 7 7 1 9 9 3
2 0 0 7
c h i l d b y e n v i r o n m e n t m o d e l s
2 0 1 4 O E C D 2 0 1 0
5
1
L a d d 1 9 9 6 2 0 0 7
1 9 9 0
1 9 8 9 2 0 0 5
1 9 8 9 1 9 9 4
1 9 9 4 1 9 8 1
1 9 8 5
1 9 9 9 a
2
2 0 1 3
2 0 0 6 1 9 9 1
2 0 0 7 1 9 9 7
M a r s h , K o n g & H a u 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 4
2 0 1 0 2 0 0 5
2 0 0 0
2 0 1 0 2 0 0 5
8 0 % 2 0 %
3
i n d u s t r i a l m o r a l e
1 9 7 9
1 9 6 9
1 9 9 4
1 9 8 6 1 9 8 6 2 0 0 4
2 0 0 8 2 0 0 5
2 0 0 5
2 0 1 2
2 0 0 8 2 0 1 2 2 0 0 9
1 9 9 9 b
4
1 9 9 0
1 9 8 9 1 9 9 6
M e r r e l l & G i m p e l 1 9 9 8
1 9 8 8 2 0 0 0
A r g y l e 1 9 8 1
L i b e t & L e w i n s o h n 1 9 7 3
1 9 9 4
4 1 9 9 6
C a r t l e d g e & M i l b u r n 1 9 8 6
C a r t l e d g e & M i l b u r n 1 9 8 6
C a r t l e d g e & M i l b u r n 1 9 8 6
5
P M 1 9 8 4
C a s i m i r &
K e a t s 1 9 9 6 P e t e r s o n , M a i y a , & H e r r e i d 1 9 9 4 1 9 7 3 S m i t h ,
P e t e r s o n , M i s u m i , & B o n d 1 9 9 2 1 9 7 6
P P e r f o r m a n c e f u n c t i o n
M M a i n t e n a n c e f u n c t i o n
2 P M
P M
P M
P M P P m M p M P M
p m P M 4
1 9 9 3 2 0 1 2
P M
1 9 8 4
1
2 3
4 5
1 9 9 9
6 7 F i g u r e 1
2
1
2
3
4
1
1
1 9 9 9 2 0 1 3
2 0 0 5 2 0 0 4 2 0 8 0 %
1
3 3 1 3 2 9
1 5 2 1 7 7 2 3 9 7 1 8 3 2 1 4 3
3 8 9 1 8 2 2 0 7 1 , 1 1 5 5 1 7
5 9 8 1 2 1 1 , 3 6 8
6 2 7 7 4 1 2 8 8 7 4 2 8 4 5 9 3
1 , 2 4 9 5 8 6 6 6 3 3 , 5 0 4 1 , 6 4 1
1 , 8 6 3 7 1 6 3 2
3 7 6 2 5 6 2 3 9 8 2 2 2 1 7 6 3
3 3 0 2 0 0 1 3 0 1 , 3 6 0 7 9 8
5 6 2
2 0 0 6 6 9 2 0 0 7 6 9
1 9 9 9 a
1 0
1 0 2 0
2 0 0 6 2 0 0 7
2 0 0 6 2 0 0 7
1 5
1 2 3
4 5
4
4
C r o n b a c h
. 9 2 . 9 0
Ta b l e 4 Tu k e y
4 4
4
4 4
Ta b l e 5
F
33.08 30.93 27.63
(7.59) (7.56) (8.04)
18.01 17.20 19.75
(7.72) (7.40) (8.93)
**p .01 Table 4
163.40**
51.84**
Ta b l e 5 4
n 5 2 7 1 4 2 7 3 1 2 2 , 2 6 6
% 4 7 . 2 8 4 0 . 7 6 2 2 . 9 2
A d j 7 . 1 5 * * 5 . 3 6 * * 1 2 . 9 4 * *
n 11 8 8 3 2 3 8 9 1 , 3 3 9
% 1 0 . 6 2 2 3 . 7 3 2 8 . 6 5
A d j 1 0 . 4 9 * * 2 . 9 8 * * 6 . 2 5 * *
n 2 3 8 4 6 5 1 7 3 8 7 6
% 2 1 . 3 1 1 3 . 3 7 1 2 . 7 8
A d j 7 . 0 1 * * 3 . 5 9 * * 2 . 2 9 * *
n 2 3 2 7 8 0 4 8 6 1 , 4 9 8
% 2 0 . 8 9 2 2 . 3 4 3 5 . 7 5
A d j 3 . 6 3 * * 5 . 9 3 * * 1 0 . 3 4 * *
1 , 11 5 3 , 5 0 4 1 , 3 6 0 5 , 9 7 9
1 6 3 3 2 . 1 9 p . 0 1
2 % 4 * *p . 0 1
1 9 9 1
4
4
2 0 0 3 1 9 9 9 a
1 9 9 9 b
1 9 9 9 a
2 0 0 2
2
3
2
2 0 0 5 1 9 9 5
2 0 0 4
A d j u s t m e n t P e r r y & We i n s t e i n 1 9 9 8 2 0 0 7
2 0 0 9
A c a d e m i c F u n c t i o n i n g S o c i a l F u n c t i o n i n g B e h a v i o r a l F u n c t i o n i n g
2
2
A 3 1 2 2 1 1 1 8 1 0 3
2 2 5 3 1 2 4 1 3 9 3 1 2 6 5 8
6 8 6 1 0 3 0 0 3 1 0 1 0
1 0 1 1 75 35 40 2 87 43 44 3 43
20 23 205 98 107 1 1 105
2 0 0 7 1 0 T i m e 1 2 0 0 7 1 2 T i m e 2
1 9 9 9 a
1 0
1 0 2 0
1 5
1 2 3
4 5
1 9 9 9 b S c h o o l
M o r a l e S c a l e S M S S M S 4
4 4
4 4 2 0
1 5 1
2 3 4
5
C r o n b a c h
T i m e 1 T i m e 2 = . 8 8 . 9 0
= . 9 0 . 9 0 S M S
= . 8 8 . 8 9 = . 8 5 . 8 3 = . 8 3 . 8 4
= . 9 0 . 9 1 = . 8 0 . 8 2
1 1
T i m e 1 T i m e 2 S M S
Ta b l e 6 - 1 Ta b l e 6 - 2
Ti m e 1 T i m e 2
T i m e 1 Ti m e 2
F i g u r e 2 - 1
T i m e 1 T i m e 2
Ti m e 1 Ti m e 2
F i g u r e 2 - 2
Ti m e 1 T i m e 2
T i m e 1 T i m e 2
F i g u r e 2 - 3
Ti m e 1 T i m e 2
T i m e 1 Ti m e 2
F i g u r e 2 - 4
Ti m e 1 T i m e 2
Ti m e 1 Ti m e 2
F i g u r e 2 - 5
Ta b l e 6 - 1 2
M S D
Ti m e 1
3 1 . 1 7 7 . 2 2 1 6 . 9 4 7 . 1 9 1 7 . 3 8 2 . 4 8 1 3 . 5 8 3 . 2 3 1 2 . 6 9 3 . 7 6 1 5 . 0 2 3 . 4 6 1 4 . 7 9 4 . 1 4 Ti m e 2
3 0 . 8 0 7 . 4 7 1 7 . 5 0 7 . 7 5 1 6 . 9 7 2 . 8 8 1 2 . 9 5 3 . 0 3 1 2 . 0 7 3 . 6 0 1 4 . 3 1 3 . 5 6 1 3 . 5 0 4 . 0 1
Ta b l e 6 - 2 2
. 5 4 * * - . 2 1 * * . 3 4 * * . 2 0 * * . 2 6 * * . 4 2 * * . 2 0 * *
- . 2 5 * * . 4 3 * * - . 2 6 * * - . 1 0 * - . 1 1 * - . 3 1 * * - . 2 0 * *
. 4 3 * * - . 3 6 * * . 5 6 * * . 0 9 * . 2 2 * * . 4 1 * * . 2 4 * *
. 2 4 * * - . 1 8 * * . 1 6 * * . 5 0 * * . 2 7 * * . 2 2 * * . 1 5 * *
. 3 3 * * - . 1 3 * * . 1 8 * * . 1 2 * * . 4 3 * * . 2 5 * * . 1 0 *
. 4 0 * * - . 3 0 * * . 3 5 * * . 1 1 * . 1 9 * * . 4 8 * * . 2 1 * *
. 2 7 * * - . 1 2 * * . 2 0 * * . 2 3 * * . 1 7 * * . 2 4 * * . 5 0 * *
1 T 1 T 1 T 1 T 1
T 1 T 1 T 1
2 T 2 T 2 T 2 T 2
T 2 T 2 T 2
3 T 1 = T i m e 1 T 2 = T i m e 2 * *p . 0 1 *p . 0 5
T i m e 1
1
2 * *p . 0 1
F i g u r e 2 - 1
T i m e 2
. 1 3 * * . 4 5 * *
. 2 3 * * . 3 4 * *
e 1
e 2
e 3 . 3 1 * *
. 2 3 * *
. 6 1 * * . 4 5 * *
R² = . 3 1
R² = . 2 2
R² = . 3 1 . 4 4 * *
. 3 0 * *
. 5 6 * *
T i m e 1
1
2 * *p . 0 1 *p . 0 5
F i g u r e 2 - 2
T i m e 2
. 4 9 * *
. 1 5 * * . 4 2 * *
e 1
e 2
e 3 . 2 4 * *
. 3 9 * * . 2 9 * *
R² = . 3 1
R² = . 2 1
R² = . 1 8 . 1 0 *
. 3 0 * *
. 3 9 * *
T i m e 1
1
2 * *p . 0 1 *p . 0 5
F i g u r e 2 - 3
T i m e 2
. 1 0 * . 4 8 * *
. 4 1 * *
e 1
e 2
e 3 . 1 9 * * . 2 4 * *
. 5 1 * * . 5 1 * *
R² = . 3 1
R² = . 1 9
R² = . 1 9 . 1 1 *
. 3 0 * *
. 4 0 * *
T i m e 1
1
2 * *p . 0 1 *p . 0 5
F i g u r e 2 - 4
T i m e 2
. 1 5 * * . 4 8 * *
. 1 8 * * . 3 7 * *
e 1
e 2
e 3 . 3 3 * * . 3 4 * *
. 6 3 * * . 5 7 * *
R² = . 2 9
R² = . 2 0
R² = . 2 6 . 2 5 * *
. 3 0 * *
. 4 2 * * . 3 6 * *
. 1 6 * *
T i m e 1
1
2 * *p . 0 1 *p . 0 5
F i g u r e 2 - 5
T i m e 2
. 4 9 * *
. 1 5 * * . 4 0 * *
e 1
e 2
e 3 . 2 4 * *
. 4 0 * * . 3 1 * *
R² = . 3 1
R² = . 2 0
R² = . 2 7 . 1 3 *
. 3 0 * *
. 5 0 * *
2
B a r r i n g t o n &
H e n d r i c k s 1 9 8 9 E n s m i n g e r & S l u s a r c i c k 1 9 9 2
2 0 1 0
S M S
3
2
1 9 9 0 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 4
H a y n e s e t a l . 1 9 9 7 L e h r e t a l . 2 0 0 3 3
A 1 3 1 9 4 3 5 0 0 4 4 3
2 7 3 6 3 4 5 3 9 1 3 8 4 0 4 2 2
4 1 8 2 , 5 1 9 1 , 2 6 7 1 , 2 5 2
4 4 7 6 1 4 5 3
2 1 5 2 3 8 2 2 2 8 9 6 1 3 2 3
3 4 4 1 9 8 1 4 6 1 , 0 2 5 5 0 9 5 1 6
4 1 3 0 9 1 6 2
1 4 7 2 1 6 2 8 7 7 5 3 1 5 6
9 9 5 7 6 2 7 3 4 8 2 7 9
2 0 0 7 1 0
1 9 9 9 a
1 0
1 0 2 0
1 5
1 2 3
4 5
1 9 9 9 b S M S S M S
4
4 4
4 4
2 0
1 5
1 2 3
4 5
C r o n b a c h . 8 6
. 9 0 S M S
S M S
S M S
Ta b l e 8
5
F i g u r e 3 3 = 2 . 4 5 n . s .
G F I = 1 . 0 0 A G F I = 0 . 9 9 R M S E A = 0 . 0 1
16.78 17.00 16.36
(2.85) (2.68) (2.72)
13.85 13.00 12.38
(2.86) (2.86) (3.29)
12.38 12.41 13.26
(3.27) (3.38) (3.07)
13.89 14.27 13.18
(3.31) (3.39) (3.35)
14.60 14.21 14.42
(3.82) (3.85) (4.00)
*p .05 **p .01
Table 7 SMS
20.79**
2.40n.s.
46.03**
16.20**
F 3.80*
Ta b l e 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1
2 . 3 0 * *
3 . 6 1 * * . 4 8 * *
4 . 2 9 * * . 0 4 * . 1 8 * *
5 . 5 0 * * . 1 4 * * . 3 5 * * . 2 4 * *
6 . 6 0 * * . 3 5 * * . 5 3 * * . 1 7 * * . 4 0 * *
7 . 3 2 * * . 0 8 * * . 2 8 * * . 3 0 * * . 2 2 * * . 2 6 * *
* *p . 0 1
S M S
R² = .6 0
.6 1 .5 1
R² = .2 8
.2 5
.2 5
F i g u r e 3
1 *p . 0 5 * *p . 0 1 .
2 3 )
. 3 9 * * . 2 2 * * . 4 0 * *
. 4 7 * * . 4 5 * * . 4 2 * * . 0 2
. 0 4 . 1 1 * * . 1 7 * * . 2 8 * * . 4 1 * *
. 2 9 * * . 4 3 * *
. 0 3
. 1 1 * * . 1 8 * * . 1 9 * *
. 1 4 * * . 0 4 . 0 7 . 0 9 * * . 0 4 . 0 6
. 0 4 . 0 9 . 1 2 *
p . 0 5 z= 1 . 9 6 p . 0 5
z= 5 . 8 1 p . 0 1
z= 3 . 3 2 p . 0 1 z= 3 . 0 5 p
. 0 1
z= 3 . 9 4 p . 0 1 z= 9 . 8 5
p . 0 1 z= 5 . 8 1 p . 0 1
z= 2 . 8 6 p . 0 1 z= 1 . 9 7 p . 0 5
z= 2 . 6 8 p . 0 1 z= 2 . 0 7 p . 0 1
z= 3 . 1 2 p . 0 1 z= 3 . 1 7 p . 0 1
3
1 )
2 )
2 0 0 2
1 9 9 0
2 0 1 0
1 9 9 1
2 0 1 0
1 9 8 1 2 0 %
2 0 1 0
2
3
4 5
4
1 9 9 4 1 9 9 6
G r e s h a m 1 9 8 1 1 9 8 9
1 9 9 6
1 9 9 0 2 0 0 1
4
A 1 5 1 1 , 8 3 3 9 3 8 8 9 5
2 1 , 4 0 2 6 9 4 7 0 8 3 1 , 2 5 8 6 6 0
5 9 8 4 , 4 9 3 2 , 2 9 2 2 , 2 0 1
5 4 7 7 1 9 8 6
4 6 3 5 2 3 2 7 5 2 3 6 5 3 8 7 3
7 0 6 3 5 2 3 5 4 2 , 4 4 4 1 , 1 8 0 1 , 2 6 4
6 1 5 2 3 3 2 4
1 9 9 2 2 6 1 1 5 0 1 11 3 2 3 6
1 5 6 8 0 1 , 0 2 0 6 3 0 3 9 0
2 0 0 7 11 1 2
2 0 0 7
1 0
1 0
2 0 1
4 1
2 3 4
C r o n b a c h
. 9 2 . 9 3
Ta b l e 9 Tu k e y
F Table 9
K - m e a n s
4 1 2 F i g u r e 4
1 1 , 5 5 0
2 1 , 1 0 5
3 1 , 3 6 2
4 4 7 6
1 3
F i g u r e 4 4
1 2 4 4
1 3
4
4 Tu k e y
Ta b l e 1 0 4
4 4
Ta b l e 11
C1 C2 C3 C4
35.69 35.80 31.45 26.24
(2.59) (2.06) (2.79) (5.68)
33.74 25.38 33.31 23.32
(2.67) (4.39) (3.33) (6.17)
C1 C2 C3 C4 C1 C3 C2 C4
Table 10 4
1847.55**
F 1640.07**
Ta b l e 11 4
C 1 n 3 9 1 8 8 4 2 7 5 1 , 5 5 0
% 3 8 . 0 0 3 5 . 7 6 2 6 . 9 6
A d j 2 . 6 9 * * 1 . 9 6 * 5 . 0 1 * *
C 2 n 2 1 3 6 7 9 2 1 3 1 , 1 0 5
% 2 0 . 7 0 2 7 . 7 8 2 0 . 8 8
A d j 3 . 3 0 * * 5 . 4 2 * * 3 . 1 3 * *
C 3 n 3 4 3 6 6 6 3 5 3 1 , 3 6 2
% 3 3 . 3 3 2 7 . 6 6 3 4 . 6 1
A d j 2 . 1 8 * 2 . 8 4 * * 3 . 3 5 * *
C 4 n 8 2 2 1 5 1 7 9 4 7 6
% 7 . 9 7 8 . 8 0 1 7 . 5 5
A d j 2 . 4 3 * * 6 . 1 7 * * 6 . 9 1 * *
1 , 0 2 9 2 , 4 4 4 1 , 0 2 0 4 , 4 9 3
1 9 9 6 . 5 3 p . 0 1
2 * *p . 0 1 *p . 0 5
3 % 4
G r e s h a m 1 9 8 1
1 9 8 9 1 9 9 6
4
2 0 0 9
1 9 9 0
4
4
5
2 0 0 7
G r e s h a m 1 9 8 8
2 0 1 2 2 0 11
2 0 0 8
A 6 1 1 , 0 0 2 5 3 0 4 7 2
2 8 0 7 4 5 2 3 5 5 3 6 2 6 3 2 5
3 0 1 2 , 4 3 5 1 , 3 0 7 1 , 1 2 8
3 2 1 2 6 8
1 4 5 1 2 3 2 2 7 3 1 4 0 1 3 3 3
2 2 9 1 1 6 1 1 3 7 7 0 4 0 1
3 6 9 2 1 4 4 2
2 3 8 2 0 4 2 3 2 1 1 8 9 1 3 2 3
2 1 4 1 2 4 9 0 9 7 7 5 5 1 4 2 6
2 1 2 9 2 1 4 7
1 4 5 2 2 1 3 1 2 3 9 0 3 1 8 3
8 5 9 8 6 8 8 3 5 5 3 3 3
2 0 1 3 6
2 0 0 7
1 0
1 0
2 0 1
1 9 9 9 a
1 0
1 0 2 0
1 5
1 2 3
4 5
2 0 0 0
9 9
1 8
1
5 1 2
3 4 5
C r o n b a c h . 8 9 . 9 2
= . 9 0 = . 9 1
= . 9 4 = . 9 2
Ta b l e 1 2 Tu k e y
35.97 35.80 33.89
(7.56) (7.93) (8.41)
28.87 29.34 27.98
(8.25) (8.08) (8.65)
**p .01
Table 12
13.14**
F 46.05**
4 4
4
4 4
4 4 1
4 4
Ta b l e 1 3 1 1 3 3
Ta b l e 1 3 1 4 4
n 2 6 4 6 1 1 0 1 5 4 3 1
% 3 4 . 2 9 7 . 9 2 1 3 . 1 2 0 . 6 5
A d j 11 . 9 8 * * 5 . 2 9 * * 3 . 7 3 * * 7 . 7 4 * *
n 3 1 5 1 4 3 1 8 1 4 3
% 4 . 0 3 6 . 6 2 5 . 5 8 2 . 3 4
A d j 5 . 5 4 * * 4 . 7 6 * * 0 . 3 6 2 . 3 7 * *
n 2 6 1 4 5 4 6 1 0 0
% 3 . 3 8 1 . 8 1 7 . 0 1 0 . 7 8
A d j 3 . 5 4 * * 1 . 8 5 5 . 9 6 * * 0 . 7 2
n 5 3 6 2 4 3 1 9 6
% 0 . 6 5 4 . 6 8 3 . 1 2 4 . 0 3
A d j 7 . 8 7 * * 4 . 2 3 * * 0 . 8 9 9 . 5 7 * *
3 2 6 1 6 2 2 2 2 6 0 7 7 0
1 9 2 5 7 . 1 3 p . 0 1
2 * *p . 0 1
Ta b l e 1 3 2 4 4
n 3 0 4 5 9 1 2 1 7 4 9 1
% 3 1 . 1 2 6 . 0 4 1 2 . 3 8 0 . 7 2
A d j 1 3 . 4 0 * * 4 . 5 4 * * 5 . 0 4 * * 8 . 6 0 * *
n 3 2 6 0 5 5 2 2 1 6 9
% 3 . 2 8 6 . 1 4 5 . 6 3 2 . 2 5
A d j 6 . 4 0 * * 6 . 7 7 * * 0 . 1 2 1 . 7 6
n 5 1 2 4 1 0 2 1 9 1 9 6
% 5 . 2 2 2 . 4 6 1 0 . 4 4 1 . 9 4
A d j 4 . 7 5 * * 2 . 1 7 * 6 . 6 7 * * 0 . 1 5
n 1 3 2 8 3 6 4 4 1 2 1
% 1 . 3 3 2 . 8 7 3 . 6 8 4 . 5 0
A d j 7 . 2 2 * * 1 . 7 4 0 . 6 0 1 0 . 8 4 * *
4 0 0 1 7 1 3 1 4 9 2 9 7 7
1 9 3 1 7 . 2 8 p . 0 1
2 * *p . 0 1 *p . 0 5
Ta b l e 1 3 3 4 4
n 1 3 9 3 0 1 3 2 5 3 0 6
% 2 0 . 2 0 4 . 3 6 1 9 . 1 9 0 . 7 3
A d j 5 . 4 2 * * 4 . 5 8 * * 2 . 4 4 * 6 . 7 0 * *
n 3 3 4 0 4 4 3 0 1 4 7
% 4 . 8 0 5 . 8 1 6 . 4 0 4 . 3 6
A d j 2 . 6 4 * * 3 . 1 5 * * 2 . 5 7 * * 4 . 0 0 * *
n 5 5 9 6 0 7 1 3 1
% 7 . 9 9 1 . 3 1 8 . 7 2 1 . 0 2
A d j 2 . 0 2 * 3 . 4 7 * * 2 . 0 2 * 2 . 0 8 *
n 1 0 3 9 2 6 2 9 1 0 4
% 1 . 4 5 5 . 6 7 3 . 7 8 4 . 2 2
A d j 5 . 7 8 * * 5 . 9 8 * * 2 . 9 8 * * 6 . 3 9 * *
2 3 7 11 8 2 6 2 7 1 6 8 8
1 9 1 7 1 . 5 6 p . 0 1
2 * *p . 0 1 *p . 0 5
1 2 3 4 5 6 1
2 .26**
3 .42** .29**
4 .65** .30** .63**
5 .45** .25** .42** .50**
6 .12** .09** .09** .07** .40**
Table 14
**p .01
4 = 3 . 5 8 n . s . G F I = . 9 9 6 A G F I = . 9 6 1 R M S E A = . 0 4 9
F i g u r e 5
z= 2 . 8 2 p . 0 1 z= 2 . 7 8 p . 0 1
z= 3 . 2 2 p . 0 1 z= 2 . 4 5 p . 0 1
z= 2 . 7 8 p . 0 1 z= 3 . 8 4 p . 0 1
z= 2 . 0 4 p . 0 5
R² = .4 9
.3 8
.3 5
R² = .2 1
.1 6
.1 0
1 *p . 0 5 * *p . 0 1 . 2
3
. 5 9 * * . 5 1 * * . 5 6 * * . 1 8 * *
. 1 3 * . 1 6 *
R² = . 1 6 . 1 7 . 1 9
R² = .3 0
.2 2
.2 7
. 0 6 * . 0 3 . 0 7 *
. 3 4 * * . 3 5 * * . 3 2 * *
. 6 7 * * . 6 3 * * . 5 5 * * . 1 8 * *
. 0 9 * * . 0 1 . 1 0 *
. 0 0 . 0 6 *
. 1 8 * * . 2 0 * * . 2 3 * *
. 1 2 * * . 2 6 * * . 2 4 * *
. 1 8 * * . 1 5 * * . 1 6 * * . 4 2 * *
. 4 2 * * . 4 6 * *
5
1 )
2 0 0 3 2 0 0 9
2 0 0 9
2 0 1 2 2 0 1 1
2 )
2 0 0 3 2 0 0 9
2 0 0 9
4
5
c h i l d b y e n v i r o n m e n t m o d e l s
6
7
6
1 9 9 1 2 0 0 2
1 9 8 5
P M
2 5
1 9 8 5
6
1 9 8 5
1 1 4
3 0 1 4 1 6
2 0 1 3 6
1 9 8 5
?
2 1 2
1 9 8 5
1 3 . 3 8 0 Ta b l e 1 5
2 3
2
1 9 9 1 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 8
5 3 . 3 % 9 0 % Ta b l e 1 6
Table 15 1985
Item P
83.30%
66.70%
60.00%
40.00%
33.30%
33.30%
20.00%
20.00%
16.70%
13.30%
M
80.00%
76.70%
76.70%
76.70%
70.00%
1 9 8 5
A 1 0 1 1 , 5 9 0 8 0 0 7 9 0
2 1 , 3 0 9 7 3 1 5 7 8 3 1 , 2 3 8
6 7 4 5 6 4 4 , 1 3 7 2 , 2 0 5 1 , 9 3 2
3 3 1 2 4 8
1 3 4 1 1 4 2 5 3 3 2 8 3 2 5 0 3
5 8 3 3 11 2 7 2 1 , 3 6 4 7 2 8
6 3 6 4 1 8 9 8
4 3 4 4 6 4 2 3 5 8 2 0 8 1 5 0 3
2 7 1 1 6 0 11 1 1 , 5 2 7 8 0 2 7 2 5
3 1 4 4 4 2 3 2
2 1 2 2 4 1 8 2 4 0 1 7 8 3 3 8 4
2 0 3 1 8 1 1 , 2 4 6 6 7 5 5 7 1
1 T i m e 1 2 0 1 3 7
2 T i m e 2 2 0 1 3 11
1 9 8 5
1 4 P M
9 1 8
1
5 1
2 3 4
5
Ti m e 1 8 . 8 3
2 . 4 0 0 . 8 9 2
2 P r o m a x
. 4 0
9 1 8 Ta b l e 1 7
1
M 2
P
F1 F2 h .94 -.05 .82 .93 -.04 .82
.88 .00 .79
.79 -.02 .60
.77 .02 .62
.75 -.03 .54 .75 -.06 .52
.73 .06 .59
.66 .07 .50
-.16 .89 .65
-.17 .82 .55
-.07 .76 .51
.13 .63 .51
.03 .63 .42
.16 .59 .48
.18 .55 .45
.25 .52 .48
.37 .43 .51
8.83 2.40 49.06 62.39
.57
%
F1
F2 P 90
Item
F1 M 93
Table 17
1 9 8 5
P r . 8 7 p . 0 1 M r . 8 6 p . 0 1
P 9 . 9 0 M 9 . 9 4
T i m e 1 4
r P r= . 6 5
p . 0 1 M r= . 7 0 p . 0 1
G F I . 9 2 A G F I . 8 7 R M S E A . 0 5 A G F I
P M
Ta b l e 1 8 T u k e y M
P
35.91 33.18 32.74
(7.00) (7.95) (7.67)
32.68 33.74 32.53
(6.62) (6.77) (7.00) 12.25**
**p .01
F
M 69.74**
P
Table 18 PM
P M 4
1 9 8 5 1 9 8 9
P M 4 P
M =3 2 . 9 4 S D = 6 . 8 3 ) M M =3 3 . 9 5 S D = 7 . 6 7 ) P
M P M P
P m M
p M P M p m
P M 4
P M 4
Ta b l e 1 9
P M p M P m p m
P m p M p m
P m p m P M p M
1 9 8 5
1 9 8 5 P M
Ta b l e 1 9 P M 4
P M n 5 8 4 6 0 2 4 6 6 1 , 6 5 2
% 4 2 . 8 2 3 9 . 4 0 3 7 . 4 0
A d j 2 . 6 6 * * 0 . 5 3 2 . 1 8 *
P m n 1 1 0 2 8 1 2 0 0 5 9 1
% 8 . 0 6 1 8 . 3 9 1 6 . 0 5
A d j 8 . 0 2 * * 5 . 7 8 * * 2 . 1 3 *
p M n 3 9 9 2 4 8 9 7 7 4 4
% 2 9 . 2 5 1 6 . 3 0 7 . 7 8
A d j 1 3 . 2 1 * * 2 . 1 9 * 1 1 . 2 3 * *
p m n 2 7 1 3 9 6 4 8 3 1 , 1 5 0
% 1 9 . 8 7 2 5 . 9 2 3 8 . 7 6
A d j 7 . 9 8 * * 2 . 0 6 * 1 0 . 3 4 * *
1 , 3 6 4 1 , 5 2 7 1 , 2 4 6 4 , 1 3 7
1 6 3 1 9 . 9 9 p . 0 1
2 % P M 4
3 * *p . 0 1 *p . 0 5
M
P
2 0 0 2
M
P
P
P
p m
P M
7
1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7
1 9 8 9 1 9 7 7 1 9 9 3
7
A 1 0 1 2 , 1 3 9 1 , 0 7 5 1 , 0 6 4
2 1 , 8 8 5 1 , 0 4 2 8 4 3 3 1 , 6 3 7
9 1 5 7 2 2 5 , 6 6 1 3 , 0 3 2 2 , 6 2 9
3 3 1 8 3 5
3 7 1 4 6 4 2 2 9 7 1 4 9 1 4 8 3
2 6 3 1 5 7 1 0 6 1 , 3 9 5 6 7 7
7 1 8 3 1 6 7 3
3 6 6 3 0 7 2 1 , 0 0 8 5 7 5 4 3 3 3
8 5 3 4 7 7 3 7 6 2 , 5 3 4 1 , 4 1 8
1 , 11 6 4 1 6 3 1
3 3 8 2 9 3 2 5 8 0 3 1 8 2 6 2 3
5 2 1 2 8 1 2 4 0 1 , 7 3 2 9 3 7 7 9 5
2 0 1 3 9 11 1 5
6 P M P
9 M 9
1 8
1 5 1
2 3
4 5
1 9 9 9 a
1 0
1 0 2 0
1 5
1 2 3
4 5
C r o n b a c h . 8 8
. 9 0 P M M = . 9 2 P = . 9 1
Ta b l e
2 0 F i g u r e
6
Ta b l e 2 0 P M
P M
. 2 6 * * . 3 7 * *
. 1 9 * * . 1 5 * *
* *p . 0 1
M
R² = .1 3
.1 5 .1 6
R² = .0 4
.0 3
.0 4
1 *p . 0 5 * *p . 0 1
. 3 0 * * . 2 6 * * . 3 8 * *
. 1 6 * * . 1 2 * * . 1 3 * * . 0 8 * *
. 0 9 * * . 0 7 *
. 0 9 * * . 1 7 * * . 0 3
P
M z= 1 . 9 8 p . 0 5 z= 2 . 8 8 p . 0 1
z= 1 . 9 6 p . 0 5 P
z= 1 . 9 6 p . 0 5
z= 3 . 1 0 p . 0 1 z= 1 . 9 8 p . 0 5
M P
7
1
P
M P
M 1 9 8 4 P
M
1 9 8 4
P M
M
2 0 1 4
M
P M
2
P M
P M
P M
P M
4
M P
1 9 9 1
2 0 0 2 1 4
M
P
6 1 9 8 5
P M
P M p M P m
P m p m
7
P M
M P
c h i l d b y e n v i r o n m e n t m o d e l s
1 7
S M T
1
2 3
6 1 9 8 5
P M
7
1 9 8 5
1
2 3
4 5
6 7
1
H o l l i d a y 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 7
P
2
2 0 1 4
1 9 9 9
P M
3
1 9 9 5
2 4 8
M
Ta b l e 2 1
Table 21
2 0 1 3 2 0 1 4
1 9 9 9
2 0 0 0
1 9 9 1 3 9 1 2 7 1 6 9 1 9 9 7
1 9 1 5
2 0 0 2
7 1 5 2 3
A r c a m b a u l t , I . , J a n o s z , M . , F a l l u , J . , & P a g a n i , L . 2 0 0 9 S t u d e n t e n g a g e m e n t a n d i t s r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h e a r l y h i g h s c h o o l d r o p o u t J o u r n a l o f A d o l e s c e n c e 3 2 6 5 1 6 7 0
A r g y l e , M . 1 9 8 1 T h e n a t u r e o f s o c i a l s k i l l I n M . A r g y l e E d . , S o c i a l s k i l l s a n d h e a l t h M e t h u e n
2 0 0 6
4 7 7 2 0 0 1
2 1 9 9 1 0 3 2 0 0 2
2 2 3 7 4 0
1 9 8 6
2 2 8 5 5 8 5 5 9
B a k e r, J . , & S a n s o n e , J . 1 9 9 0 I n t e r v e n t i o n s w i t h s t u d e n t s a t - r i s k f o r d r o p p i n g o u t o f s c h o o l : A h i g h s c h o o l r e s p o n d s J o u r n a l o f E d u c a t i o n a l R e s e a r c h 8 3 1 8 1 1 8 6
B a n d y o p a d h y a y , S . , C o r n e l l , G . D . , & K o n o l d , R , T . 2 0 0 9 V a l i d i t y o f t h r e e
s c h o o l c l i m a t e s c a l e s t o a s s e s s b u l l y i n g , a g g r e s s i v e a t t i t u d e s , a n d h e l p s e e k i n g S c h o o l P s y c h o l o g y R e v i e w 3 8 3 3 8 3 5 5
B a r i l e , J . P . , D o n o h u e , D . K . , A n t h o n y , E . R . , B a k e r , A . M . , W e a v e r , S . R . ,
& H e n r i c h , C . C . 2 0 1 2 T e a c h e r S t u d e n t r e l a t i o n s h i p c l i m a t e a n d s c h o o l o u t c o m e s : I m p l i c a t i o n s f o r e d u c a t i o n a l p o l i c y i n i t i a t i v e s
J o u r n a l o f Y o u t h a n d A d o l e s c e n c e 4 1 2 5 6 2 6 7
B a r r i n g t o n , B . L . , & H e n d r i c k s , B . 1 9 8 9 D i f f e r e n t i a t i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f h i g h s c h o o l g r a d u a t e s , d r o p o u t , a n d n o n - g r a d u a t e s J o u r n a l o f E d u c a t i o n a l R e s e a rc h 8 2 3 0 9 3 1 9
B a r r y , M . , & R e s c h l y , L . A . 2 0 1 2 L o n g i t u d i n a l p r e d i c t o r s o f h i g h s c h o o l c o m p l e t i o n S c h o o l P s y c h o l o g y Q u a r t e r l y 2 7 7 4 8 4
B a t t i n - P e a r s o n , S . , N e w c o m b , M . D . , A b b o t t , R . D . , H i l l , K . G . , C a t a l a n o , R . F . , & H a w k i n s , J . D . 2 0 0 0 P r e d i c t o r s o f e a r l y h i g h s c h o o l d r o p o u t : A t e s t o f f i v e t h e o r i e s J o u r n a l o f E d u c a t i o n a l P s y c h o l o g y 9 2 5 6 8
5 8 2
B e n e s s e 2 0 1 3 2 0 1 3
B i e r m a n , K . L . , S m o o t , D . L . , & A u m i l l e r , K . 1 9 9 3 C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f a g g r e s s i v e - r e j e c t e d , a g g r e s s i v e ( n o n r e j e c t e d ) , a n d r e j e c t e d ( n o n a g g r e s - s i v e ) b o y s C h i l d D e v e l o p m e n t 6 4 1 3 9 1 5 1
B r a d e n , J . S . , D i m a r i n o - L i n n e n , E . , & G o o d , T . L . 2 0 0 1 S c h o o l s , s o c i e t y , a n d s c h o o l p s y c h o l o g i s t s h i s t o r y a n d f u t u r e d i r e c t i o n s J o u r n a l o f S c h o o l D e v e l o p m e n t 7 0 4 8 7 4 9 8
C a i r n s , R . B . , C a i r n s , B . D . , & N e c k e r m a n , H . J . 1 9 8 9 E a r l y s c h o o l d r o p o u t : C o n f i g u r a t i o n s a n d d e t e r m i n a n t s C h i l d d e v e l o p m e n t 6 0 1 4 3 7
1 4 5 2
C a r a w a y, K . , Tu c k e r, C . M . , R e i n k e , W. M . , & H a l l , C . 2 0 0 3 S e l f e f f i c a c y, g o a l o r i e n t a t i o n , a n d f e a r o f f a i l u r e a s p r e d i c t o r s o f s c h o o l e n g a g e m e n t i n s c h o o l s t u d e n t s P s y c h o l o g y i n t h e S c h o o l s 4 0 4 1 7 4 2 7
C a r t l e d g e , G. , & M i l b u r n , J . F. 1 9 8 6 Te a c h i n g s o c i a l s k i l l s t o c h i l d re n a n d y o u t h: I n n o v a t i v e a p p ro a c h e s 3 r d e d . A l l y n a n d B a c o n
C a s i m i r, G. , & K e a t s , D . 1 9 9 6 T h e e f f e c t s o f w o r k e n v i r o n m e n t a n d i n g r o u p m e m b e r s h i p o n t h e l e a d e r s h i p p r e f e r e n c e s o f A n g l o
A u s t r a l i a n s a n d C h i n e s e A u s t r a l i a n s J o u r n a l o f C r o s s C u l t u r a l P s y c h o l o g y 2 7 4 3 6 4 5 7
C h r i s t l e , A . C . , J o l i v e t t e , K . , & N e l s o n , C . M . 2 0 0 7 S c h o o l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s r e l a t e d t o h i g h s c h o o l d r o p o u t r a t e s R e m e d i a l a n d S p e c i a l E d u c a t i o n
2 8 3 2 5 3 3 9 1 9 9 1
1 9 9 9
2 0 1 3 1 1
1 1
2 0 1 4
C o i e , J . D . , Wa t t , N . F. , We s t , S . G. , H a w k i n s , J . D . , A s a r n o w, J . R . , M a r k m a n ,
H . J . , R a m e y, S . L . , S h u r e , M . B . , & L o n g , B . 1 9 9 3 T h e s c i e n c e o f p r e v e n t i o n : A c o n c e p t u a l f r a m e w o r k a n d s o m e d i r e c t i o n s f o r a n a t i o n a l r e s e a r c h p r o g r a m A m e r i c a n P s y c h o l o g i s t 4 8 1 0 1 3 1 0 2 2
C o r n e l l , D . , G r e g o r y, A . , H u a n g , F. , & F a n , X . 2 0 1 3 P e r c e i v e d p r e v a l e n c e o f t e a s i n g a n d b u l l y i n g p r e d i c t s h i g h s c h o o l d r o p o u t r a t e s J o u r n a l o f E d u c a t i o n a l P s y c h o l o g y 1 0 5 1 3 8 1 4 9
C r o n i n g e r, R . G. , & L e e , V. E . 2 0 0 1 S o c i a l c a p i t a l a n d d r o p p i n g o u t o f s c h o o l B e n e f i t s t o a t - r i s k s t u d e n t s o f t e a c h e r s s u p p o r t a n d g u i d a n c e Te a c h e r s C o l l e g e R e c o rd 1 0 3 5 4 8 5 8 1
D e m a r a y , K . M . , & M a l e c k i , K . C . 2 0 0 2 C r i t i c a l l e v e l s o f p e r c e i v e d s o c i a l s u p p o r t a s s o c i a t e d w i t h s t u d e n t a d j u s t m e n t S c h o o l P s y c h o l o g y
Q u a r t e r l y 1 7 2 1 3 2 4 1
D r y f o o s , J . G. 1 9 9 7 T h e p r e v a l e n c e o f p r o b l e m b e h a v i o r s : I m p l i c a t i o n s f o r p r o g r a m s . I n R . P. We i s s b e r g , T. P. G u l l o t t a , R . L . H a m p t o n , B . A . R y a n , & G. R . A d a m s ( E d s . ) , H e a l t h y c h i l d re n 2 0 1 0 : E n h a n c i n g
n e s s 1 7 4 6 T h o u s a n d O a k s , C A : S a g e
D u c h e s n e , S . , V i t a r o , F . , L a r o s e , S . , & T r e m b l a y , E . R . 2 0 0 8 T r a j e c t o r i e s o f a n x i e t y d u r i n g e l e m e n t a r y s c h o o l y e a r s a n d p r e d i c t i o n o f h i g h s c h o o l n o n c o m p l e t i o n J o u r n a l o f Y o u t h a n d A d o l e s c e n c e 3 7 1 1 3 4 1 1 4 6 D u r l a k , A . J . , W e i s s b e r g , P . R . , D y m n i c k i , B . A . , T a y l o r , D . R . , &
S c h e l l i n g e r , B . K . 2 0 1 1 T h e i m p a c t o f e n h a n c i n g s s o c i a l a n d e m o t i o n a l l e a r n i n g : A m e t a - a n a l y s i s o f s c h o o l - b a s e d u n i v e r s a l
B r e n e r , N . D . , & W e c h s l e r , H . 2 0 0 8 Y o u t h r i s k b e h a v i o r s u r v e i l l a n c e U n i t e d S t a t e s , 2 0 0 7 M M W R S u r v e i l l a n c e S u m m a r i e s , 5 7, 1 1 3 1 E n s m i n g e r, M . E . , & S l u s a r c i c k , A . L . 1 9 9 2 P a t h s t o h i g h s c h o o l
g r a d u a t i o n o r d r o p o u t : A l o n g i t u d i n a l s t u d y o f a f i r s t - g r a d e c o h o r t S o c i o l o g y o f E d u c a t i o n 6 5 9 5 11 3
E s p i n o z a , G . , G o n z a l e s , N . , & F u l i g n i , A . 2 0 1 3 D a i l y s c h o o l p e e r v i c t i m i z a t i o n e x p e r i e n c e s a m o n g M e x i c a n - A m e r i c a n a d o l e s c e n t s : A s s o c i a t i o n s w i t h p s y c h o s o c i a l , p h y s i c a l a n d s c h o o l a d j u s t m e n t J o u r n a l Y o u t h A d o l e s c e n c e 4 2 1 7 7 5 1 7 8 8
F i n n , J . D . , & R o c k , D . A . 1 9 9 7 A c a d e m i c s u c c e s s a m o n g s t u d e n t s a t r i s k f o r s c h o o l f a i l u r e J o u r n a l o f A p p l i e d P s y c h o l o g y 8 2 2 2 1 2 3 4 F l a n n e r y , B . K . , F e n n i n g , P . , K a t o , M . M . , & M c I n t o s h , K . 2 0 1 4 E f f e c t s
o f s c h o o l - w i d e p o s i t i v e b e h a v i o r a l i n t e r v e n t i o n s a n d s u p p o r t s a n d f i d e l i t y o f i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o n p r o b l e m b e h a v i o r i n h i g h s c h o o l s S c h o o l P s y c h o l o g y Q u a r t e r l y 2 9 1 1 1 1 2 4
F r e n c h , C . D . , & C o n r a d , J . 2 0 0 1 S c h o o l d r o p o u t a s p r e d i c t e d b y p e e r r e j e c t i o n a n d a n t i s o c i a l b e h a v i o r J o u r n a l o f R e s e a r c h o n A d o l e s c e n c e
11 2 2 5 2 4 4
2 0 1 2
1 2 2 9 4 0 2 0 1 2
1 9 9 0
1 2 7 1 5 4 2 0 1 3
