2 0 1 5
1 1 2 5 1 4 1 6
1 7
1 1 7
2 2
2 2 2
3 2 5
3 1
4 3 1
5 3 6
6 4 2
7 4 8
5 3 5 3
5 4 5 8 5 9
6 0 4 2
9 8 % 2 0 1 4 a
2 0 1 3
2 0 0 7
2 0 1 4
2 0 1 4
2 0 1 4
1 9 9 1 2 0 0 1
2 0 1 3
2 0 1 4
2 0 1 4 b 1 1
4 0 . 0 %
2 0 1 3
2 0 1 2
1 9 9 9
2 0 0 9
2 0 0 7
1 9 9 9 2 0 1 3
2 0 0 4
H a y n e s , E m m o n s ,
& B e n - Av i e 1 9 9 7 L e h r, H a n s e n , S i n c l a i r, & C h r i s t e n s o n 2 0 0 3
2 0 1 0
2 0 1 4
1 9 9 9
1 9 8 5 2 0 1 4
h i g h s c h o o l a d j u s t m e n t h i g h s c h o o l m a l a d j u s t m e n t h i g h s c h o o l d r o p o u t n o n - g r a d u a t e
8 0 1
L a d d 2 0 0 3
2 1 9 6 0 1 9 8 0
m a i n e f f e c t s m o d e l s 1 9 9 0
c h i l d b y e n v i r o n m e n t m o d e l s
m a i n e f f e c t s m o d e l s c h i l d b y e n v i r o n m e n t m o d e l s
1 m a i n e f f e c t s m o d e l s ô
1
R u m b e rg e r &
L a r s o n 1 9 9 8
J a n o s z , L e B l a n c , B o u l e r i c e , & Tr e m b l a y 2 0 0 0
2
A r c a m b a u l t , J a o n s z , F a l l u , & P a g a n i 2 0 0 9
J a n o s z , L e B l a n c , B o u l e r i c e , &
Tr e m b l a y 1 9 9 7 F i n n & R o c k 1 9 9 7
3
M a h o n e y & C a i r n s 1 9 9 7
Va l l e r a n d , F o r t i e r, & G u a y 1 9 9 7
m a i n e f f e c t s m o d e l s
B i e r m a n , S m o o t , &
A u m i l l e r 1 9 9 3
2 c h i l d b y e n v i r o n m e n t m o d e l s ô
1
C o r n e l l , G r e g o r y, H u a n g , & F a n 2 0 1 3
J a n o s z e t a l . 2 0 0 0
L e g a u l t , G r e e n - D e m e r s , & P e l l e t i e r 2 0 0 6
2
C h r i s t l e , J o l i v e t t e , & N e l s o n 2 0 0 7
B a r i l e , D o n o h u e , A n t h o n y, B a k e r, We a v e r, & H e n r i c h 2 0 1 2
3
C h r i s t l e e t a l . 2 0 0 7
M a l l e y, Vo i g h t , R e n s h a w, & E k l u n d 2 0 1 4
c h i l d b y e n v i r o n m e n t m o d e l s
m a i n e f f e c t s m o d e l s
D u r l a k , We i s s b e r g , D y m n i c k i , Ta y l o r, & S c h e l l i n g e r 2 0 1 1
2
L a d d 2 0 0 3 m a i n e f f e c t s m o d e l s
c h i l d b y e n v i r o n m e n t m o d e l s L a d d 2 0 0 3 1 m a i n e f f e c t s m o d e l s
1
1 9 9 9 a
2 0 0 9
2
2 0 0 0
2 0 0 5
3
1 9 6 9 S c h o o l M o r a l e Te s t S M T
S M T
J a n o s z e t a l . 2 0 0 0
m a i n e f f e c t s m o d e l s 2 c h i l d b y e n v i r o n m e n t m o d e l s
1
1 9 9 9 a 2 0 0 5
2
1 9 8 7 2 0 0 4
2 0 0 5
3
1 9 8 5 2 1 9 9 9 a
2
c h i l d b y e n v i r o n m e n t m o d e l s
3
S M T S M T
J a n o s z e t a l . 2 0 0 0
H e s s & A z u m a 1 9 9 1 2 0 1 0
G r e s h a m 1 9 8 8 2 0 0 7
5 1
2
M a r s h ,
K o n g & H a u 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 4
2 0 1 0 2 0 0 5
2 0 1 0 2 0 0 5
8 0 % 2 0 % 8 0 %
2 0 % 3
4
C a r t l e d g e & M i l b u r n 1 9 8 6
C a r t l e d g e & M i l b u r n 1 9 8 6
5
P M 1 9 8 4
1 9 8 4
1
2 3
4 5
1 9 9 9
6 7
1
1
A 2 2 1 3 5 , 9 7 9 2 , 9 5 6
3 , 0 2 3
3 3 1 , 1 1 5 5 1 7
5 9 8 1 2 3 , 5 0 4 1 , 6 4 1
1 , 8 6 3 7 1 , 3 6 0 7 9 8 5 6 2
2 0 0 6 6 9 2 0 0 7 6 9
2 0 0 6 2 0 0 7
2 0 0 6 2 0 0 7
1 9 9 9 a
4
. 9 2 . 9 0
T u k e y
4
4 4
Ta b l e 1
Ta b l e 1 4
n 5 2 7 1 4 2 7 3 1 2 2 , 2 6 6
% 4 7 . 2 8 4 0 . 7 6 2 2 . 9 2
A d j 7 . 1 5 * * 5 . 3 6 * * 1 2 . 9 4 * *
n 11 8 8 3 2 3 8 9 1 , 3 3 9
% 1 0 . 6 2 2 3 . 7 3 2 8 . 6 5
A d j 1 0 . 4 9 * * 2 . 9 8 * * 6 . 2 5 * *
n 2 3 8 4 6 5 1 7 3 8 7 6
% 2 1 . 3 1 1 3 . 3 7 1 2 . 7 8
A d j 7 . 0 1 * * 3 . 5 9 * * 2 . 2 9 * *
n 2 3 2 7 8 0 4 8 6 1 , 4 9 8
% 2 0 . 8 9 2 2 . 3 4 3 5 . 7 5
A d j 3 . 6 3 * * 5 . 9 3 * * 1 0 . 3 4 * *
1 , 11 5 3 , 5 0 4 1 , 3 6 0 5 , 9 7 9
1 6 3 3 2 . 1 9 p . 0 1
2 % 4 * *p . 0 1
4
1 9 9 9 a
1 9 9 9 a
2 0 0 2
2
2
A 3 1 2 0 5 1
2 8 5 1 1 2 0 1 3 6 1 0 3 0 0
3 1 0
2 0 0 7 1 0 T i m e 1 2 0 0 7 1 2 T i m e 2
1
1 9 9 9 b S c h o o l
M o r a l e S c a l e S M S
1
T i m e 1 T i m e 2 = . 8 8 . 9 0
= . 9 0 . 9 0 S M S
= . 8 8 . 8 9 = . 8 5 . 8 3 = . 8 3 . 8 4
= . 9 0 . 9 1 = . 8 0 . 8 2
T i m e 1 T i m e 2 S M S
Ti m e 1 T i m e 2
T i m e 1 Ti m e 2
T i m e 1 T i m e 2
Ti m e 1 Ti m e 2
Ti m e 1 T i m e 2
T i m e 1 T i m e 2
Ti m e 1 T i m e 2
T i m e 1 Ti m e 2
Ti m e 1 T i m e 2
Ti m e 1 Ti m e 2
2
S M S
3
3
A 1 3 1 3 2 , 5 1 9 1 , 2 6 7
1 , 2 5 2
3 3 8 5 7 4 1 0
4 4 7 6 1 , 0 2 5 5 0 9
5 1 6 4 6 2 7 3 4 8 2 7 9
2 0 0 7 1 0
1
2
1
. 8 6 . 9 0 S M S
S M S
Tu k e y
S M S
F i g u r e 1 3 = 2 . 4 5
n . s . G F I = 1 . 0 0 A G F I = 0 . 9 9 R M S E A = 0 . 0 1
z= 3 . 9 8 p . 0 1
R² = .6 0
.6 1
.5 1
R² = .2 8
.2 5
.2 5
F i g u r e 1
1 *p . 0 5 * *p . 0 1 . 2
3 )
. 3 9 * * . 2 2 * * . 4 0 * *
. 4 7 * * . 4 5 * * . 4 2 * * . 0 2
. 0 4 . 1 1 * * . 1 7 * * . 2 8 * * . 4 1 * *
. 2 9 * * . 4 3 * *
. 0 3
. 1 1 * * . 1 8 * * . 1 9 * *
. 1 4 * * . 0 4 . 0 7 . 0 9 * * . 0 4 . 0 6
. 0 4 . 0 9 . 1 2 *
z= 3 . 6 1 p . 0 1 z= 1 . 9 6 p
. 0 5 z= 1 . 9 6 p . 0 5
z= 5 . 8 1 p . 0 1
z= 3 . 3 2 p . 0 1 z= 3 . 0 5 p
. 0 1
z= 3 . 9 4 p . 0 1 z= 9 . 8 5
p . 0 1 z= 5 . 8 1 p . 0 1
z= 2 . 8 6 p . 0 1 z= 1 . 9 7 p . 0 5
z= 2 . 6 8 p . 0 1 z= 2 . 0 7 p . 0 1
z= 3 . 1 2 p . 0 1 z= 3 . 1 7 p . 0 1
1 )
2 )
2 0 0 2
1 9 9 0
2 0 1 0
2 0 1 0
1 9 8 1 2 0 %
2 0 1 0
4
4
A 1 5 1 3 4 , 4 9 3 2 , 2 9 2
2 , 2 0 1
3 2 1 , 0 2 9 4 8 2
5 4 7 7 2 , 4 4 4 1 , 1 8 0
1 , 2 6 4 6 1 , 0 2 0 6 3 0 3 9 0
2 0 0 7 11 1 2
2 0 0 7
1
. 9 2 . 9 3
T u k e y
K - m e a n s 4
1
2
3
4
4 4 4
Ta b l e 2
Ta b l e 2 4
C 1 n 3 9 1 8 8 4 2 7 5 1 , 5 5 0
% 3 8 . 0 0 3 5 . 7 6 2 6 . 9 6
A d j 2 . 6 9 * * 1 . 9 6 * 5 . 0 1 * *
C 2 n 2 1 3 6 7 9 2 1 3 1 , 1 0 5
% 2 0 . 7 0 2 7 . 7 8 2 0 . 8 8
A d j 3 . 3 0 * * 5 . 4 2 * * 3 . 1 3 * *
C 3 n 3 4 3 6 6 6 3 5 3 1 , 3 6 2
% 3 3 . 3 3 2 7 . 6 6 3 4 . 6 1
A d j 2 . 1 8 * 2 . 8 4 * * 3 . 3 5 * *
C 4 n 8 2 2 1 5 1 7 9 4 7 6
% 7 . 9 7 8 . 8 0 1 7 . 5 5
A d j 2 . 4 3 * * 6 . 1 7 * * 6 . 9 1 * *
1 , 0 2 9 2 , 4 4 4 1 , 0 2 0 4 , 4 9 3
1 9 9 6 . 5 3 p . 0 1
2 * *p . 0 1 *p . 0 5
3 % 4
4
4
5
5
2 0 1 2
A 6 1 3 2 , 4 3 5 1 , 3 0 7
1 , 1 2 8
3 2 7 7 0 4 0 1
3 6 9 2 9 7 7 5 5 1 4 2 6
2 6 8 8 3 5 5 3 3 3
2 0 1 3 6
4
1
2 0 0 0
1
. 8 9 . 9 2
= . 9 0
= . 9 1 = . 9 4
= . 9 2
T u k e y
4 4
4 4
F i g u r e 2
4 = 3 . 5 8 n . s . G F I = . 9 9 6 A G F I = . 9 6 1 R M S E A = . 0 4 9
z= 2 . 8 2 p . 0 1 z= 2 . 7 8 p . 0 1
z= 3 . 2 2 p . 0 1 z= 2 . 4 5 p . 0 1
z= 2 . 7 8 p . 0 1 z= 3 . 8 4 p . 0 1
z= 2 . 0 4 p . 0 5
R² = .4 9
.3 8
.3 5
R² = .2 1
.1 6
.1 0
F i g u r e 2
1 *p . 0 5 * *p . 0 1 .
2 3 4
. 5 9 * * . 5 1 * * . 5 6 * * . 1 8 * *
. 1 3 * . 1 6 *
R² = . 1 6 . 1 7 . 1 9
R² = .3 0
.2 2
.2 7
. 0 6 * . 0 3 . 0 7 *
. 3 4 * * . 3 5 * * . 3 2 * *
. 6 7 * * . 6 3 * * . 5 5 * * . 1 8 * *
. 0 9 * * . 0 1 . 1 0 *
. 0 0 . 0 6 *
. 1 8 * * . 2 0 * * . 2 3 * *
. 1 2 * * . 2 6 * * . 2 4 * *
. 1 8 * * . 1 5 * * . 1 6 * * . 4 2 * *
. 4 2 * * . 4 6 * *
1 )
2 0 0 9
2 )
c h i l d b y e n v i r o n m e n t m o d e l s
6
6
1 9 8 5
1 1 4
3 0 1 4 1 6
2 0 1 3 6
1 9 8 5
?
2 1 2
1 9 8 5
1 3 . 3 8 0
2 3
2
1 9 9 1 2 0 0 6
2 0 0 8
5 3 . 3 % 9 0 %
1 9 8 5
A 1 0 1 3 4 , 1 3 7 2 , 2 0 5
1 , 9 3 2
3 3 1 , 3 6 4 7 2 8
6 3 6 4 1 , 5 2 7 8 0 2
7 2 5 3 1 , 2 4 6 6 7 5 5 7 1
1 T i m e 1 2 0 1 3 7
2 T i m e 2 2 0 1 3 11
1 9 8 5
4 P M
1
Ti m e 1 P r o m a x
9 1 8
1 M 2 P
4
1 9 8 5
P r . 8 7 p . 0 1 M r . 8 6 p . 0 1
P . 9 0 M . 9 4
T i m e 1 4
r P r= . 6 5 p . 0 1 M r= . 7 0
p . 0 1
G F I . 9 2 A G F I . 8 7
R M S E A . 0 5 A G F I
P M
Tu k e y
M P
P M 4
P M 4 P M
4
Ta b l e 3
Ta b l e 3 P M 4
P M n 5 8 4 6 0 2 4 6 6 1 , 6 5 2
% 4 2 . 8 2 3 9 . 4 0 3 7 . 4 0
A d j 2 . 6 6 * * 0 . 5 3 2 . 1 8 *
P m n 1 1 0 2 8 1 2 0 0 5 9 1
% 8 . 0 6 1 8 . 3 9 1 6 . 0 5
A d j 8 . 0 2 * * 5 . 7 8 * * 2 . 1 3 *
p M n 3 9 9 2 4 8 9 7 7 4 4
% 2 9 . 2 5 1 6 . 3 0 7 . 7 8
A d j 1 3 . 2 1 * * 2 . 1 9 * 1 1 . 2 3 * *
p m n 2 7 1 3 9 6 4 8 3 1 , 1 5 0
% 1 9 . 8 7 2 5 . 9 2 3 8 . 7 6
A d j 7 . 9 8 * * 2 . 0 6 * 1 0 . 3 4 * *
1 , 3 6 4 1 , 5 2 7 1 , 2 4 6 4 , 1 3 7
1 6 3 1 9 . 9 9 p . 0 1
2 % P M 4
3 * *p . 0 1 *p . 0 5
1 9 8 5 P M
P M
M
P
P
P
p m P
M
7
7
A 1 0 1 3 5 , 6 6 1 3 , 0 3 2
2 , 6 2 9
3 3 1 , 3 9 5 6 7 7
7 1 8 3 2 , 5 3 4 1 , 4 1 8
1 , 11 6 4 1 , 7 3 2 9 3 7 7 9 5
2 0 1 3 9 11 5
6 P M P
M
5
1
1
. 8 8 . 9 0
P M M = . 9 2 P = . 9 1
F i g u r e 3
M z= 1 . 9 8 p . 0 5
z= 2 . 8 8 p . 0 1
z= 1 . 9 6 p . 0 5 P
z= 1 . 9 6 p . 0 5
z= 3 . 1 0 p . 0 1 z= 1 . 9 8 p . 0 5
M P
M
R² = .1 3
.1 5
.1 6
R² = .0 4
.0 3
.0 4
F i g u r e 3
1 *p . 0 5 * *p . 0 1
2 3 )
. 3 0 * * . 2 6 * * . 3 8 * *
. 1 6 * * . 1 2 * * . 1 3 * * . 0 8 * *
. 0 9 * * . 0 7 *
. 0 9 * * . 1 7 * * . 0 3
P
1
P
M P
M
1 9 8 4 1 9 8 4
P M
M
2 0 1 4
P M
P M
2
P M
P M
P M
M P
M
P
ô
1 7
S M T
1
2 3
4 5
6 1 9 8 5
P M
7
1 9 8 5
1 7
1
P
2
P
M
3
M
Ta b l e 4
Table 4
2 0 1 3 2 0 1 4
1 9 9 9
1 9 9 1 3 9 1 2 7 1 6 9 2 0 0 2
7 1 5 2 3
A r c a m b a u l t , I . , J a n o s z , M . , F a l l u , J . , & P a g a n i , L . 2 0 0 9 S t u d e n t e n g a g e m e n t a n d i t s r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h e a r l y h i g h s c h o o l d r o p o u t J o u r n a l o f A d o l e s c e n c e 3 2 6 5 1 6 7 0
B a r i l e , J . P . , D o n o h u e , D . K . , A n t h o n y , E . R . , B a k e r , A . M . , W e a v e r , S . R . ,
& H e n r i c h , C . C . 2 0 1 2 T e a c h e r S t u d e n t r e l a t i o n s h i p c l i m a t e a n d s c h o o l o u t c o m e s : I m p l i c a t i o n s f o r e d u c a t i o n a l p o l i c y i n i t i a t i v e s
J o u r n a l o f Y o u t h a n d A d o l e s c e n c e 4 1 2 5 6 2 6 7
B i e r m a n , K . L . , S m o o t , D . L . , & A u m i l l e r , K . 1 9 9 3 C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f a g g r e s s i v e - r e j e c t e d , a g g r e s s i v e ( n o n r e j e c t e d ) , a n d r e j e c t e d ( n o n a g g r e s - s i v e ) b o y s C h i l d D e v e l o p m e n t 6 4 1 3 9 1 5 1
C a r t l e d g e , G. , & M i l b u r n , J . F. 1 9 8 6 Te a c h i n g s o c i a l s k i l l s t o c h i l d re n a n d y o u t h: I n n o v a t i v e a p p ro a c h e s 3 r d e d . A l l y n a n d B a c o n
C h r i s t l e , A . C . , J o l i v e t t e , K . , & N e l s o n , C . M . 2 0 0 7 S c h o o l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s r e l a t e d t o h i g h s c h o o l d r o p o u t r a t e s R e m e d i a l a n d S p e c i a l E d u c a t i o n
2 8 3 2 5 3 3 9 1 9 9 1
2 0 1 3 1 1
1 1
2 0 1 4
C o r n e l l , D . , G r e g o r y, A . , H u a n g , F. , & F a n , X . 2 0 1 3 P e r c e i v e d p r e v a l e n c e o f t e a s i n g a n d b u l l y i n g p r e d i c t s h i g h s c h o o l d r o p o u t r a t e s J o u r n a l o f E d u c a t i o n a l P s y c h o l o g y 1 0 5 1 3 8 1 4 9
D u r l a k , A . J . , W e i s s b e r g , P . R . , D y m n i c k i , B . A . , T a y l o r , D . R . , &
S c h e l l i n g e r , B . K . 2 0 1 1 T h e i m p a c t o f e n h a n c i n g s s o c i a l a n d e m o t i o n a l l e a r n i n g : A m e t a - a n a l y s i s o f s c h o o l - b a s e d u n i v e r s a l
i n t e r v e n t i o n s C h i l d D e v e l o p m e n t 8 2 4 0 5 4 3 2
F i n n , J . D . , & R o c k , D . A . 1 9 9 7 A c a d e m i c s u c c e s s a m o n g s t u d e n t s a t r i s k f o r s c h o o l f a i l u r e J o u r n a l o f A p p l i e d P s y c h o l o g y 8 2 2 2 1 2 3 4
2 0 1 2
2 0 1 3
2 1 2 7 1 8 2
2 0 0 0
2 0 1 6 9 1 7 6
G r e s h a m , F. M . 1 9 8 8 S o c i a l s k i l l s I n H a n d b o o k o f b e h a v i o r t h e r a p y i n e d u c a t i o n 5 2 3 5 4 6 S p r i n g e r U S
H a y n e s , N . M . , E m m o n s , C . , & B e n - Av i e , M . 1 9 9 7 S c h o o l c l i m a t e a s f a c t o r i n s t u d e n t a d j u s t m e n t a n d a c h i e v e m e n t J o u r n a l o f E d u c a t i o n a l a n d P s y c h o l o g i c a l C o n s u l t a t i o n 8 3 2 1 3 2 9
H e s s , R . D . , & A z u m a , H . 1 9 9 1 C u l t u r a l s u p p o r t f o r s c h o o l i n g ; C o n t r a s t s
b e t w e e n J a p a n a n d U n i t e d S t a t e s E d u c a t i o n a l R e s e a rc h e r 2 0 2 1 2 2 0 1 4
1 0 2 1
2 0 0 7
8 0 4 1 6 0
1 9 9 9 2 0 1 0
1 8 4 2 0 8
J a n o s z , M . , L e B l a n c , M . , B o u l e r i c e , B . , & Tr e m b l a y, R . E . 1 9 9 7 D i s e n t a n g l i n g t h e w e i g h t o f s c h o o l d r o p o u t p r e d i c t o r s : A t e s t o n t w o l o n g i t u d i n a l s a m p l e s J o u r n a l o f y o u t h a n d A d o l e s c e n c e 2 6 7 3 3 7 6 2 J a n o s z , M . , L e B l a n c , M . , B o u l e r i c e , B . , & T r e m b l a y, R . E . 2 0 0 0 P r e d i c t i n g
d i ff e r e n t t y p e s o f s c h o o l d r o p o u t s A t y p o l o g i c a l a p p r o a c h w i t h t w o l o n g i t u d i n a l s a m p l e s J o u r n a l o f E d u c a t i o n a l P s y c h o l o g y 9 2 1 7 1 1 9 0
1 9 9 0
2 0 0 5
3 8 1 5 3 1 5 4
1 9 9 9 a
5 9 1 0 1 1 0 8 1 9 9 9 b
5 9 11 1 1 2 0
2 0 0 7 h y p e r - Q U
2 0 1 0
2 0 1 0
1 0 5 3 6 2
1 9 9 9
3 4 2 2 1 2 3 9 2 0 0 2
1 2 8 4 8 7
1 9 8 5
2 7 4 0 4 4 0 5
L a d d , G . W . 2 0 0 3 P r o b i n g t h e a d a p t i v e s i g n i f i c a n c e o f c h i l d r e n s b e h a v i o r a n d r e l a t i o n s h i p i n t h e s c h o o l c o n t e x t : A c h i l d b y e n v i r o n m e n t p e r s p e c t i v e A d v a n c e s i n C h i l d B e h a v i o r a n d D e v e l o p m e n t 3 1 4 3 1 0 4
L e g a u l t , L . , G r e e n - D e m e r s , I . , & P e l l e t i e r, L . 2 0 0 6 W h y d o h i g h s c h o o l s t u d e n t s l a c k m o t i v a t i o n i n t h e c l a s s r o o m ? To w a r d a n u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f a c a d e m i c a m o t i v a t i o n a n d t h e r o l e o f s o c i a l s u p p o r t J o u r n a l o f E d u c a t i o n a l P s y c h o l o g y 9 8 5 6 7 5 8 2
L e h r, C . A . , H a n s e n , A . , S i n c l a i r, M . F. , & C h r i s t e n s o n , S . L . 2 0 0 3 M o v i n g b e y o n d d r o p o u t t o w a r d s s c h o o l c o m p l e t i o n A n i n t e g r a t i v e r e v i e w o f d a t a - b a s e d i n t e r v e n t i o n s S c h o o l P s y c h o l o g y R e v i e w 3 2
3 4 2 - 3 6 4
M a h o n e y , J . L . , & C a i r n s , R . B . 1 9 9 7 D o e x t r a c u r r i c u l a r a c t i v i t i e s p r o t e c t a g a i n s t e a r l y s c h o o l d r o p o u t ? D e v e l o p m e n t a l P s y c h o l o g y 3 3 2 4 1
2 5 3
M a r s h , H . W. , K o n g , C . K . , & H a u , K . T. 2 0 0 0 L o n g i t u d i n a l m u l t i l e v e l m o d e l s o f t h e b i g - f i s h - l i t t l e - p o n d e f f e c t o n a c a d e m i c s e l f - c o n c e p t : C o u n t e r b a l a n c i n g c o n t r a s t a n d r e f l e c t e d g l o r y e f f e c t s i n H o n g K o n g s c h o o l s . J o u r n a l o f P e r s o n a l i t y a n d S o c i a l P s y c h o l o g y 7 8 3 3 7 3 4 9
1 9 6 9
1 1 8 1 9 3 6
2 0 1 4
1 3 6 1 4 2 1 9 8 4
1 9 8 5
5 9
B 6 8
7 7
2 0 1 4
5 6 5 6 8
2 0 1 4 a 2 6 2 6
2 0 1 4 b 2 5
2 0 0 5
5 3 5 1 6 5 2 8 2 0 1 2
1 9 8 7 2 9 6 0 4 6 0 5
2 0 0 4
3 4 2 1 3 2 2 9 2 0 0 5
5 3 3 0 7 3 1 9 , M . , V o i g h t , A . , R e n s h a w , L . T . , & E k l u n d , K . 2 0 1 4 S c h o o l c l i m a t e , f a m i l y s t r u c t u r e , a n d a c a d e m i c a c h i e v e m e n t : A s t u d y o f m o d e r a t i o n e f f e c t s S c h o o l P s y c h o l o g y Q u a r t e r l y 2 9 1 1 6
2 0 0 7
5 5 1 3 5 1 5 1 R u m b e r g e r, W. R . , & L a r s o n , A . K . 1 9 9 8 S t u d e n t m o b i l i t y a n d t h e
i n c r e a s e d r i s k o f h i g h s c h o o l d r o p o u t A m e r i c a n J o u r n a l o f E d u c a t i o n
1 0 7 1 3 5
2 0 0 0 2
4 8 3 5 2 3 6 0 2 0 0 6
5 3 1 0 7 1 2 0
1 9 8 1 3 6 1 3 7
1 4 4
V a l l e r a n d , J . R . , F o r t i e r , S . M . , & G u a y , F . 1 9 9 7 S e l f - d e t e r m i n a t i o n a n d p e r s i s t e n c e i n a r e a l - l i f e s e t t i n g : T o w a r d a m o t i v a t i o n a l m o d e l o f h i g h s c h o o l d r o p o u t J o u r n a l o f P e r s o n a l i t y a n d s o c i a l P s y c h o l o g y 7 2 1 1 6 1
1 1 7 6
2 0 0 9 4
8 0 4 8 5 3
2 0 0 8
3 6 2 5 3 1
2 0 0 4
3 7 2 3 2 2 4 0 2 0 0 1
2 0 0 9
1 5 2 2
