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Factors leading to such gender differ‑ ence in participation and utthzation of the facilities are examined and commented upon

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PREFACE 

This publication brings together a collection of scholarly開 田 町chrelating to血e Empowerment of Women and Villages of Sn Lanka presented at an international  symposi凹nhosted by the International Chnsttan Unive四ityin Tokyo in December  1998.τ'he symposium was an attempt to further our understandmg of Sn Lankan  society血dthe developments therein from dive四epe四pect1ves.

τ'he material 1s organized凹der曲目esubstantive themes.τ'he first theme Self‑ consciousness叩dself‑reliance of women is addressed by three pr目 印 刷ionscover‑ ing social and economic dimensions of female participation, Karunaratne focus田 on support from白esocio‑cultural background, mo問particularlythe influence of Bud‑

dhism m early society， 四dm modem times from the oppoロunitiesfor educational  attainments without gender discrimination, as facto四underlymgthe favou回blepo‑ sition that women have contmued to叫oyin Sri Lankan Sinhala society. Rodngo  presents a comparative analysis of the labour market participation patterns of免− males in the two coun凶es,Japan印dSri Lanka with a view to identifying the simト larities血dcon回sts四dto gain an understandmg of the influences underlying the  s1mtlanties/dissimilarities so identified Takakuwa, drawing from her research m a  Southern coast fishing village in Sri L叩ka，日ndsa higher田dpositive level of par‑ ttc1pation by women (or wives of fishermen) m fishermens cooperatives and credit  ass。ciationscompared to the male spouses. Factors leading to such gender differ‑ ence in participation and utthzation of the facilities are examined and commented  upon. 

百1esecond theme, Rural Empowerment血dDevelopment, is add田ssedby血児e (or four?) au血ors.D回wingon field肥 田 町hin Southern Sri L阻ka,Taniguchi pro‑ v1des msights into how active participation in commumty development activities by  women (e  g. improvement ofru悶lmfras回ctu毘 suchas roads and wells）回同iling voluntary labour servtce inputs have, together with the experience of small scale  self‑employment projects begun by womens mitiattve, empowe児dwomen to be‑ come modernized and enjoy the achievement of self.『reliance.Omori's paper b巾gs

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n 

out白econ回butionof Buddhist回dit1onsand values to血cp四cessof rural develop‑ ment百leauthor illus回teshow mteractions between s凹ietyand出etemple and出e prevalentmerit‑makingP国cticesin Buddhism such as p町tic1pationin the mon由ly full moon festival (poya), providing alms to monks (puja), collaborョtivevoluntary  labour services for public welfare (Sramadana) etc. help to me悶asemtegration and  cohesion of the local commumty by cutting across divisive fo民eswhich町isefrom  caste田dother clefts in四 回Isociety. Sh1gyos paper focus田 onthe broader issue of  confhct associated w1出disturbancesto出eold s田ialorder caused by new s回tegies of development.官 官ensuingproblems and tensions鉱epo町・ayedusing a case s加dy of a dispute relatmg to the location of a communal cemetry. Ratnayake documents 

血eexperience of a Sri Lank叩 m1t1ativein rural development through出eself‑reli‑

副ceapproach‑the Export Promotion Village (EPV) expe出nentConceptualised as a  tradmg house of produce四 atgrass roots level to introduce rural export‑onented  products to the competitive international market, all responsibility for the op目 前ion of由eEPV is placed w1血 出eproducers/villagers based on the internal and external  power struc旧田sof the village.百eperformance of the project is回ced血roughthe  years, along w1由constr剖ntsencountered. 

百rreepapers are presented under the出irdtheme, Identity, conflict and coo戸田−

tion  Shibi明 focuseson a m吋orBuddh回 目leb四tionin Sri Lanka一白eV，目ak島sti‑ val, which celebrates the birth, enlightenment and death of the Buddha百lerevital‑ ization of the festival in the 19th C印 刷ryis depicted as叩 attemptat S紅 白g血 叩ing 創 出alesenationalism and identity  Hayashis paper probes the conflict between the  SI由alaand T白nilcommumties, with田 阻alys1sof由eposトindependencepolitical  and policy aspects underlying the strained relationships. The role of India in the  conflict is also commented upon.羽田finalpaper authored by Nakamura focuses on  出edimension of economic coope四tionbetweem Japan and Sri Lanka Tracing the  flow of Japanese aid to Sn Lanka over the years, the author comments on出eneed  for change in di毘ctionaway from its long sustained concent 回tionon cons町uctions and commodities 

官官publicationis being brought out at a time when inte回stto catch up on devel‑ opments elsewhere皿dto learn from回cho出er'sexpe1ence is gaming回p1dlyacro田

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皿

the globeτh current volume will have an appeal to both the academic community 

田 wellas出egeneral問adingpubbc叩dconstitute a salut町yaddition to the body of  knowledge on the issues cove日d.

Note 

Professor Chandra Rodngo  University of Colombo 

The papers presen1ed皿Englishare prinled in this issue. Olhe' papers are compiled lo publish  a book (Suriranka no Josei, Kaihatsu, Mmzakuishiki, Akashi Sholen, Tokyo, Ma日＇h1999).  This preface was conlributed originally to阻 earlierpropcsed comprehensive publication for  the whole pape四presentedin由e1998 international sympcsium of which p回gramis attached  at血eend of this volume. (Omon) 

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